TOP SECRET SI REL TO USA FVEY National Security Agency Central Security Service April 2013 Information Paper U Subject NSA Intelligence Relationship with Australia U Executive Summary S REL The mutually beneficial partnership between the United States and Australia continues to grow Australia's Intelligence Community AIC which includes NSA's SIGINT partner the Defence Signals Directorate DSD looks to the U S Intelligence Community in general and NSA specifically for continued guidance as it expands its cyber capabilities DSD continues to contribute in significant ways to efforts on China cyber and support to military operations SMO in Afghanistan DSD has broken new ground in several operational areas and accelerated evolving cyber policies to meet the challenges of multiple operators in the cyber domain S REL Although budget cuts have constrained DSD's funding and personnel DSD believes the cuts will be manageable Most new personnel and investment at DSD are associated with cyber operations Computer Network Exploitation CNE Computer Network Attack CNA Computer Network Defense CND - DSD's three cyber authorities There is no U S Cyber Command equivalent in Australia as DSD performs that function for the Australian Defence Force Mr Ian McKenzie has been Director DSD since 2007 U Key Issues C REL In response to malicious cyber attacks the Australian Government recently established the Australian Cyber Security Centre to improve partnerships between government agencies and with industry By the end of 2013 the Government's most sophisticated cyber security capabilities--from across the national security community--will be located in one facility This will create a more holistic picture of the cyber threat and facilitate faster and more effective responses to serious cyber incidents There will be improved interaction with international and industry partners and will make Australia a harder target for malicious cyber activities TS SI REL The AIC plans to further develop and maintain assessment and collection capabilities to provide more comprehensive intelligence coverage China is changing the strategic balance in the Pacific by expanding its interests in the Asia- Pacific region and the Indian Ocean modernizing its military striking a more assertive strategic posture and flaunting its power Increased emphasis on China will not only help Derived From NSA CSSM 1-52 Dated 20070108 Declassify On 20320801 TOP SECRET SI REL TO USA FVEY TOP SECRET SI REL TO USA FVEY ensure the security of Australia but also synergize with the U S in its renewed emphasis on Asia and the Pacific U What NSA Provides to the Partner S REL NSA provides cryptologic products services to the Government of Australia through DSD on virtually all subjects particularly those related to the Pacific Rim NSA shares technology cryptanalytic capabilities and resources for state-of-the-art collection processing and analytic efforts NSA will continue to work closely with Australia to meet its commitments as the U S reallocates efforts toward Asia and the Pacific U What the Partner Provides to NSA TS SI REL NSA and DSD have agreed to specific divisions of effort with the Australians solely responsible for reporting on multiple targets in the Pacific area including Indonesia Malaysia and Singapore based on their unique language capabilities and geographic accesses In addition DSD has primary reporting responsibility regardless of geographic region DSD provides access to commercial and foreign domestic satellites from sites in Geraldton and Darwin High Frequency HF collection and Direction Finding DF from three sites and manning of the operations floor at Joint Defense Facility at Pine Gap RAINFALL a site which plays a significant role in supporting both intelligence activities and military operations In addition DSD provides NSA with access to terrorism-related communications collected inside Australia U Success Stories TS SI REL The close collaboration between NSA and DSD has been particularly useful in providing cryptologic insight into Chinese targets A high-level framework for collaboration between DSD and NSA on understanding the life cycle of China is in coordination Australia's overall intelligence effort on China as a target is already significant and will increase in 2013 as it draws down its presence in Afghanistan S REL Further evidence of DSD's close collaboration with NSA and the U S is DSD's membership in several coalitions including SIGINT Seniors Pacific SSPAC 1 SIGINT Seniors Europe SSEUR 2 and the Afghanistan SIGINT Coalition AFSC 3 DSD is chairing both the SSPAC Executive Board and Analytic Working Group from 2012 to 2014 TS SI REL An example of Australia's support to international cyber security is DSD's SPARTA campaign which dovetails with the U S -directed Operation DAYBREAK a long-term 1 S REL SSPAC - Australia Canada France India Korea New Zealand Singapore Thailand United Kingdom and United States 2 S REL SSEUR - Australia Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands New Zealand Norway Spain Sweden United Kingdom and United States 3 S REL AFSC - Australia Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands New Zealand Norway Spain Sweden United Kingdom and United States TOP SECRET SI REL TO USA FVEY 2 TOP SECRET SI REL TO USA FVEY effort to counter Chinese theft of sensitive business information and proprietary technology SPARTA has already met with success since being rolled out in February 2013 U Problems Challenges with the Partner U None U FOUO Prepared by Foreign Affairs Directorate Country Desk Officer Australia TOP SECRET SI REL TO USA FVEY 3                     National Security Archive    Suite 701  Gelman Library  The George Washington University    2130 H Street  NW  Washington  D C  20037    Phone  202 994‐7000  Fax  202 994‐7005  nsarchiv@gwu edu