OF BOAR 14 21 10 I 5 4 317 1 7 Austria November 19 I 11 537 CCYFIDEUTIAL k 97 62 same Dear Fran I owe you a frank assessment of the position of the Unite states and of other princilal Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency as they appear now following the recent General Conference and meetings of the Board of Governors I am sure that these observations will be supported generally by similar comments from Members of the United States Delegation who have returned to Washington These views also reflect the substance of a draft confidential report which we sent from here last Friday for further consideration by the Delegation Kembers now in the Department a 1 United States The United States emerged from the Cu Conference with its major objectives generally attained but it paid a price for this accomplishment Some of the other Delega- tions felt that the United States had too large a list of objectives conceived in its own particular interest and that the United States pushed too vigorously for the achievement of these ends The list included the appointment of an American Director General agreement on total emolument of for the Director General the election of the head of the Austrian Delegation as President of the Conference adOption of the basic organization chart presented by the United States acceptance of the position of Special Adviser to the Director General and acceptance of the position of Special Consultant to the Director General Further more some of these items were agreed to by other Delegations when all the conditions were not known such as the inability of the Director General to assume his duties until December and his absence from Vienna before the end of the General Conference and the meetings of the Board of Governors The result was dis- gruntlement among some of the Delegations which they took out W on the Director General and the United States Delegation and a CH sensitiveness about the relationship of the Director General andrV A the Board of Governors Some were never persuaded that all The Honorable Francis 0 Wilcox j Assistant Secretary for International Organization Affairs Department of State 4 oS b CONFIDENTIAL Authority CCNFIDENTIAL our objectives were desirable in themselves and they only went along because of United States drive for them and because of their interest in preserving good relations with the United States As a consequence we suffered a certain loss in standing and influence in connection with the Agency among some of the other Members At the same time however we arpreciated more than any of the other major participants the position of the smaller Eurogean countries who were not Members of the Poard of Governors We took account of their feelings of being shut out of the most vital and focal organ of the Agency the Board of Governors and were responsive to their desire for access to information on the work of the Board The United States accordingly was able to maintain a good relationship with these countries which strongly defended positions taken by us and often turned to us for advice 2 The USSR The Soviet Delegation flayed its part astutely They were moderate in their yolitical efforts and never pressed any rolitical interest to a bitter fight They agreed with us beforehand to avoid introducing the Chinese rogresentation issue in the Opening meeting which was highly yublicized and they limited their propaganda references in the general debate to allusions to their disarmament prOposals to ban the nuclear bomb and tests of nuclear weapons When they did introduce the Chinese representation issue and orposed our efforts to obtain a vote to take no decision on the validity of Hungarian credentials they submitted to defeat without pursuing either matter heatedly and spoke mainly for the record They acquiesced in the apgointment of an American for Director General and went along with our organization chart They deliberately endeavored to apzear cooperative and to contribute to a harmonious atmos1here They thus gave the impression that they desired to see the Agency orerate as an effectively functioning technical organization in which through active Soviet participation they might reflect credit qun the attainments of Soviet science They tried to pick up credit with other Delegations by arrearing reasonable and constructive in discussions and cloaking longer range Soviet interests as we were obliged to work more directly in the attainment of immediate objectives Their plans for staffing their hissicn to the Agency as revealed in their conversation with Mr KcKinney of October 28 Embtel 1522 indicate that they hope to take an effective rart in the work of the Agency They are planning to have a staff adequate to make technically sound proyosals and to criticize those of other Delegations and of the Agency staff The inrression we have therefore DECLA COPY 193 er AI Authority COIFIDEYTIAL is that they are seekin a peeition of he or influence and 0f leadership in the Agency's activities th T39 question arises why if this is the Soviet attitude ey did not maLe a larger offer of materials to the Agency It is possible that even though they may be interested in its Success they do not wish to commit themselves to any greater extent until they are certain what the future of the Agency is gOing to be 3 Other Members of the Big Five British and French partiCipation in the Conference and the Board of Governors was on the whole disappointing They usually supported the positions of the United States but often after unnecessary difficulties They Opposed the interest of the smaller EurOpean countries in seeking a larger share in the Agency's activities They thus for some time opposed the admission of observers from Kember States to the Board of Governors and were undiplomatic in dealing with the Uestern European countries They did not keep them adequately informed of the proceedings in the Board of Governors and sought to channel contacts with the United States Canada and the Latin American Delegations only through themselves They also gave the impression that their interest in Euratom exceeded that in the Agency and admitted that their rain efforts would be directed toward Euratom The principal British representative Mr Michaela although he did yeoman service for the United States in the Preparatory Commission in New York did not cooperate too closely with us in the Conference itself and frequently irritated Members of the Conference and of the Board by his condescending remarks and by his impatient efforts to win others to the British point of view Canada proved our best friend and most effective proponent in our behalf at the Conference Ambassador Wershof was a very forceful effective participant who was always ready to come to our aid and who played a most constructive role in both the Conference and the Board H The Underdeveloped Countrigg Of the Asian and African countries India had the delegation of greatest ability headed by Dr Bhabha its foremost nuclear scientist Both he and Dr Rajah one of India's ablest Foreign Service officers were exceedingly articulate and active spokesmen Their ability and the quality of their participation indicated India's serious interest in the Agency and desire to see it flourish as an organization for dealing with atomic energy affairs in inter- national relations India showed that it is interested not only AL DECLASSIFIED - CONFIDENTIAL in technical assistance benefits expected from the A 1 -gency it is attracted by the Agency as a concept At the same tiLe the Indians felt 5 one frustration in not being elected to any Conference office or obtaining support for any Indian in a second echelon staff position of the Agency They eylressed their feelings of frustration and sensitivity about the United States drive to achieve its own objectives by making polite but carefully directed thrusts in the Board meetings at proposals of the United States Delegation and at the position of the American Director General The Egyptian Delegation was likewise active but in a more aggressive way Mr Fahmy in the Board of Governors frequently supported the Soviet line against the United States but sometimes departed from it or even opposed it or again cooperated with the United States Delegation One was struck by the appearance that frequently he was not pursuing any particular interest of his Government but injecting his own individual views from his position as Chairman of the Administrative and Legal Committee and as a Member of the Board of Governors for the sake of indulging his vanity 5 Small European Countries These States such as The Netherlands and Norway had not participated in the work of the Preparatory Commission and did not sit on the Board of Governors They consequently felt that they were not participating fully in the activities of the Agency Their discontent was increased by the fact that the Conference was organized so as to keep them idle and uninformed between the First Session and the Special Session when the Board of Governors was acting on the recommenda- tions of the Prelaratory Commission The attitude of the United Kingdom and France added to their sense of non-participation and dissatisfaction The result was to produce a rebellion on the part of these States which was expressed in the desire to open the closed meetings of the Board of Governors to the attendance of observers from the non-Board Eembers and to obtain reports on the work of the Board In the end the Board yielded to this pressure and agreed on the attendance of observers and to the transmission to the non-Board Members of agenda of the Board meetings of final summary records and reports of actions taken The attitude of the small States thus served to raise essentially an issue of the powers of the Board versus those of the General Conference This general issue can be expected to arise again in various forms in the future and a problem facing the United States is how to cope with this issue If the United States does not continue to be attentive to these aspirations of the smaller States and join with other Board Nembers in actions which will go toward their realization the interest of the small States CONFIDETTIAL COFFIDENTIAL in the Agency will likely wither Already some of these Delez tin f are adorting a wait-and-see attitude and The Netherlands Delegation will see how the Agency develors before making further voluntary contributions and will probably not make any contribution to the fellowship program of the Agency during the first year Conclusions and Recomnendations The United States has so far exercised the principal leadership in the inception and genesis of the Agency Many of the Members continue to eXPeCt this leadership particularly inasmuch as they are not technically qualified to make concrete proposals of their own and need to await the guidance of more technically developed countries But as indicated above our standing and prestige in connection with the Agency suffered some losses during the recent Conference and meetings of the Board of Governors is believed however that this Iositicn can be repaired and extended if careful plans are laid and wisely followed for establishing our leadership and influence on a firm basis It should be less difficult in the future to accomplish such a purpose since the United States will not be obliged again to press for so many objectives at one time Toward this end the following recommendations are made 1 Continuing manifestations of unreserved surrort of the Agency as a key United States molicv This is essential if we are to convince a number of Members who now adort a wait-and-see attitude that the Agency has a future to which they can commit themselves 2 Sympathetic cultivatior of the gooi will and resronsive- ness toward the United States of qther Lembers We should take a gerceytive account of their sensitivities in reconciling their interests with our own Every effort should be made to insure the maintenance of an active consultative relationship with them based on a give and take exchange of views 3 Attentiveness to interests of the small Eurorean countries not Nembers of the Board These States are anxious to cooperate with the United States if we continue to give careful consideration to their needs It is believed that these States can make a solid contribution to the success of the Agency and if we fail to insure their interest and active particilation the Agency will receive a blow at its very beginning Thorough technical rreraration for United States rartici- ration The work of organization has now been largely accomplished and during the next year the activities of the General Conference and the Board of Governors should be increasingly devoted to CONFIDENTIAL l Authority M53 QQNFIDENTIAL - 6 - technical pro ect initiative and 1 Sd If the United States is to maintain its ea ership in the A it the United States M13310 8 NOV W111 be necessary for Sound teChnical and Delegation to be prepared to present the Board and Oposals to review those of other Members before ment of techni 0 work With the staff of the Agency in the deve10p- Without such tgal Projects and in the consideration of its proposals pation will r ugh te9hni al preparation United States partici- be ex suffer espeCially in comparison with what probably may with Egc ed of the Soviets As we have learned from conversations soviet representatives here Embtel 1522 the Soviets are planning to have an eventual staff that will include five to seven scientific members They tell us that their initial staff will include five to seven officers and will have two scientists trained in nuclear fields With such a staff they may be prepared to exploit any situation that opens and grasp the technical leader- ship should there be a default in the United States technical preparation 5 Maintenance of adequate staff for the United States Mission The preceding statements lead naturally to a consideration of the needs for our own Mission staff We have given very careful thought_ to these needs in the light of deve10pments since the meeting of PRECO in Vienna It seems to us that if we are to discharge our responsibilities adequately the staff within six months should consist of aiseniorwteqhnical_ dviser a legal adviser and an executive officer inwaddition tg_Mr cKinney and myself It would be most helpful t6 have for the position indicated as legal adviser for want of a better designation Algie Wells who is now on the legal staff of the AEC His all-round background in the atomic energy field from his years of work with the ABC his legal training his knowledge of the deve10pments of the Agency since the PRECO meetings in New York and his general usefulness as demonstrated by his work on the Delegation here would make him admirdiy suited to join our Mission staff The officer designated as executive officer would in reality be largely a second political officer and would need to give but little time to work of an administrative or executive nature The officer to be most useful to the Mission should be not lower than FSO-3 in grade with an extensive background in international organi- zation affairs This is a long letter but it gives the substance of our thought on the relation of the United States to the Agency to date and I hope that it may be of some use to the Bureau in the consideration of IAEA problems - AuthoriWMADQ mbs Harold C Vedeler Sincerely yours December 9 1353 OI CCL SIHI 0 Elm nu Herold 3 3 mm Thenk you very men for your eoet interesting end intoneti letter of Number 19 tour thoughtful of our poeiti in the Agency 1e thoroughly epprecieted by e11 of who ere can- a earned with the weltere or the Agency end particularly with the a v United Stetee pertidpetim in its work I here circulated your gig letter throughout thin Bureeu and have eleo peeled copy to 8 113hope that the following cements which relate to the thpice contained in your eneiysie my be or interest to you end the Minion 1 United Stetee It in of come regretteble tilt the United or ite neJcr objectivee curing the recent or the General Con- ference I euppoee hrge pert of thie price ineviteble in View of ehet we eet out to eoccuplieh In eny emt yew freak evelu- eticn or the net reeulte of our etforte in the Conference ie my mice-e end will he helpful in ehepins future o ection I truet thet new thet we heve thmugh t1 mud yummy the met ot the Agenoy'e life United Stetee direct ecticn thet wee needed in order to get the Agency going I end we or resale - beeie the e conceite- tion e111 bed tn the eocoeplieheent or our objectivee eithoet the Mme to which leek o coneultetion inevitably leede I eleo hope thet en ehout the reletionehip er sir Problem inthie he can duel with thee with end reality Incident-elk he 1 recent etfm et edriee tre- tl- mited atetee eunu hizhzb century he bee eteted thetwe ehould he Jut ee with ow indeed I would euggeet thereto thet you till vent to nine every '1 v eU Herald 0 706 1 Esquire effort Intention Atuic her I 7 We 3 7mm men-u I 7 - com man-rm Btetee mTve Miami to pey price for the ecconpliej-ent 4 37 1 92m O e Authoritymd -QLQS g -2- fort to mom and nintun tho closest rohtiomhipo to Ir Colo 11 man that ho is not an inumational 31711 tenant and not part of tho Govmnt of the 5mm States In opinion however than no war wide 11mm within which we can mute proporly comm- onto our ideas to him I an sure that articular in tho Carly than Agomy I cannot In that ho has coasted all - or ma non -- of our negation Int ho hu certainly ulooud than and I a was that they will how an on hi- thinking I we planed to not your solicitudo for tho position or u mun- ottho oudoroov- omoro This attitude will not only pay dim to tho United States but will undoubtedly contributa to effective ution on the part a futur- Boa-do which I ma I111 include tho unlu- Eta-upon mutate lore or In on a roman basin 2 The USSR Iour sunny or the oporotiona of tho Soviet Dolo- gttion mesm- 1 17 not with tho imam which mound tron tho report- or tab Conform to it no mutant in bl thorough dim-sod with Bob Manny probabl- Soviot intuitions Upon hi room-u tannin-y cMamnnx-yo Boviat intentions and ruin oomroto Wm for month tn roman- sou competition to Mot-ship in tho my main Iona-to tn iterator and tho Scent-nu mph 1 a training oopiu box-gnu a or particularly on of tho Soviet or or follow-hip and wr nzhuobmpommoth uuottncuu ammummim mun-mumh-rmnmoam 3 annex-mo oftho 31 Pin ingrown-10d Aboutthoatu m E's-Wanna s m Confonnu d1 Wu unto Mn tin-orna- W that mun m- -3- 10m azimuth-Conn mapmintionh mean-din any has h Wommlo Conntrioe I not interacted in your ecu-MI on pt in Consume Io ho In nitely that through than uric interact in tho Agony u Indium should ho considered for on of tho com-Incl start position in in Agony This uttcr wu diamond with it Col on Honda 26 I bonm you all-nay haw up of th- umnndua of this oomrution 0913'- prount id in not include a mend-luv place tor India 1m am no in tho notion of he third level petitions w around with Hr Colo fouling that can um - and particular 1mm -- rope-comm st tho com-law lib-1 to be most important to tho museum mmtioninz of tho Agency I hop that he will con to mm with u- on this utur I would mag-It mt you take any opportunity which rm ital to pron th- Iubjoct with him 5 81 11 mammal Countries I would hop that u uninviw at thou Whiptm in tho work or the Board or Gaul-nor an In largo mm in tin oomhntiu prom two I thoroughly can with you that 110 um comma to b anti to tho aspiration of those mt and I has that you all Bob Ham '17th mmormon will I at turn row at My 6 Your Conclusion- und Roonmer ntiona 1 mwuutiom ot mam mppo aftho Agony - a key mud autos polilro Apart tron tho oontribntionn ma tho mud summamw W nhopl that withintho Mummupuumumugmutorm 1b 2 Magnum-WW for mun cultivation Inn-dam 3 -0th 00 mun DECLASSIFHCD 7 Authority 9 0119 58 DECLASSIFIEB i Amhorityh d QSS cw Irv nan 1 initial work of organizing tho Agony in I'll alarm the poet that lost of tin name- 1 work both on th- mm or brand but wow 11 th- an or other scuba- pro- posals 111 1 talc plan in til-hitch he do ban in mind banner that it'dlluuiwbtodhbommh but strong technical precaution in tho Hinton n Yum l-or tho than being this and can probably be applied in tho pom when Ito-dd of spoom team mum Eun- tutny or mu want to In summon mama unicorn wigmd to tho Luann on a pennant basis I tho canto-mated mm of cvn for the mat out of tear that until mm program a an under way ugh hu- too to do and thus bacon luau-rid a ram- tho poulbh Somt competition 10111 11 um for meeting it tooth-13 5 to in com your mucu- manna 91 51 31 suit and In mob-d 8 13 10 and tho Arc that for tho mediat- future than light ho mm This would consist or on senior m on um Wand-um amalgam maxim politic-1 Id l' who and carry out th- mum of an executive ottioor tour mum of 131 11- lor the Immunit- readily in hr 11 canons-d malnutmommwumumhu '1'me tantrum E 1m DFC 9 195 Imam o Allin lm I0 UNP Wsleyash 12 6 57 ummwm 12 Wotm'luphu amw                     National Security Archive    Suite 701  Gelman Library  The George Washington University    2130 H Street  NW  Washington  D C  20037    Phone  202 994‐7000  Fax  202 994‐7005  nsarchiv@gwu edu