snowflake March 18 2001 TO Marty ·Hoffmann FROM Donald SUBJECT Pat O'Brien 2 33 PM Rwnsfeld Here is a terrific guy Pat 0 'Brien who indicated he would be willing to do something on a pro bono basis You might want to keep that in mind He is a good lawyer and a good friend Attach DHR dh 031X01-9 U05664 01 11-L-0559 OSD 1 MAYER BROWN 8 PLATT I90 SOUTH LA SALLE STREET CHICAGO ILLINOIS 605111341441 PATRICK W mu mill-Ion DIRECT DIAL tale 701-1012 stages-coco DIRECT Ialzt TOE-86455 MAIN FAX pobdongmayomrownnom 3 a- roI- rvt I March 14 2001 We Dear Don and Joyce Thank you very much for sending me your new Washington address I have been intending to drop you a congratulatory note but I wasn t sure that such a note would make its way through the Pentagon ladder of command Now to the congratulations - to both of you for agreeing to help keep the Republic ticking and safe I include both of you in the congratulations because - in ways Hilly and Bill don t even begin to consider a major of ce holder cannot really mction without the support of the proper type of spouse I note Don that your current pictures reveal a Don remarkably similar to the Navy photo used in your rst run for political of ce which inspired the Evanston Republican Old Guard to dub you Captain Midnight As you can see from the letterhead I am still with the law rm I have hoen with since September of 53 My job title is Senior Counsel This means I have an of ce to come to and of ce support including the young lady who typed this letter but I don t have to do anything What I do do is teach triai lawycring judge moot court triais try an occasional pro bono case and give senior counseling to those who need it regardless of whether they have asked for it If it should ever occur to you that there is something pro bono and short lived that i someone like me might be able to help you with don t hesitate to call I was in Air Force JAG for two years 195 1 - 1953 and was Chief Military Justice Headquarters Northeast Air Command which consisted of Newfoundland Labrador Greenland and certain secret Pole ice islands I was surrounded by people preparing for World War 111 Since then have been dealing with disputes of all kinds in all kinds of courts CHICAGO CHARLOTTE COLOGNE HOUSTON LONDON LOS ANGELES NEIN YORK PARIS WASHINGTON INDEPENDENT MEXICO CITY CORRESPONDENT JAUREGUI NADER 1 mom I 31m 1129C norm MAYER BROWN 8 PLATT Mr and Mrs Donald Rumsfeld March 14 2001 Page 2 0n the personal side W5 Patn'ck W O Brien 335 9'15 1 13 0013 36 snow ake TO FROM SUBJECT Your Suggestion October 15 2001 11 08 AM Donald Rumsfeldm Thanks for your note of 9 25 It is a good idea I am not dictating but I am making some notes I ll think about trying to convert ma 11501-25 1 U12902 02 25 0 5 s lf-F - - • 8ECDEF1-MS 8E8 DR OCT 15 2001 Some years ago someone aybe Muggy Hoffmann suggested you keep·a diary You did for awhile and I have it in the safe This is an outrageous thing to suggest but since l spend time archiving now it came to n1c that this would also be a good time for you to dictate maybe two minutes each night your personal impressions and feelings of the day You could keep a Dictaphone on your night table and record your thoughts at day's end When the tape is full you could send it to me for transcription and I cou1d keep your notes in the safe It would also help when you write your someday book Just a thought NP 9 25 01 P S Thanks for your note It meant the world 11-L-0559 OSD 5 I ' snowflake TO Steve Cambone Paul Gebhard FAXED -fo Z u 'L' cc Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rwnsfeld DATE March 20 2001 SUBJECT Defense Budget Do we have a group working on the number of things we would like to try to move out of the defense budget such as research on things that don't have anything to do with the Pentagon and the maritime item that was passed over to DOD by OMS DHR azn 03200 1 07 11-L-0559 OSD 6 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February S 2001 6 38 PM TO Bill Schneider Dov Zakheim Paul Wolfowitz and Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld' Z SUBJECT Budget Attached are the remarks that were made by Vice President Cheney and President Bush at a veteran's event on January 19th I think you ought to read them and I think they could be helpful in thinking through our budget issues Attachment DR dh 020501-25 U02345f 01 11-L-0559 OSD 7 •' - President George W Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney at the Salute to Heroes Reception Banquet and Ball Capital Hilton Jan 20 2001 American Forces Press Service Transcript VP CHENEY Lynne and I are delighted to be here tonight By tradition this is always the first event the president and vice president visit before we begin the round of inaugural balls and that's for a very goad reason That s because of the enormous obligation and debt that we have to all of you who served in the U S military veterans as well as the Medal of Honor winners recipients that are here tonight On behalf of Lynne and myself let me thank you for what you've done for all of us And now it's my great privilege to introduce to all of you the 43rd President of the United States George W Bush PRESIDENT BUSH Mr Vice President thank you for the introduction I'm told that it is a tradition that before the president and vice president goes on to the inaugural balls they stopped at the veterans dinner and it's right that it be that way The inaugural balls are a reflection of the wonderful freedoms we have in America The free transfer of power that took place today This is a free land however it would not have been free necessarily without the sacrifice of the men and women who have worn our uniform It makes good sense to start here I'm honored to be with the soon-to-be head of the Veterans Affairs Department Tony Frincipi He understands that a promise made will be a promise kept to the men and women who wear the uniform I wanted to be here with the leaders of our military branches -- fine men who lead some of the finest citizens anywhere in the world Their mission and our mission is to keep the peace and the way to do so is to make sure our military is highly trained and well paid And to make sure that the mission of the military is focused and it's focused on this that our job those of us in the chain of command will make sure that our soldiers are fully prepared to fight and win war and therefore prevent war from happening in the first place And so today as the president and therefore as the commander in chief what an honor and what a duty I look forward to that honor and duty with pride It's an honor to be here God Bless what you all have done for America and God Bless America 11-L-0559 OSD 8 Prmdent George W Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney at the Vice President's Salute to Veterans George Washington University Smith Center Jan 19 2001 at the American Forces Press Service Transcript VP CHENEY Let me say what a pleasure it is to be here today to note the presence of so many distinguished Americans I see my old friend Gen Colin Powell Mr Secretary My former bass Den Rumsfeld Mr Secretary I think in those two men America's going to have a great national security team I also note the presence of my two former colleagues John McCain -- John it's great to have you here today -- and also Bill Cohen current secretary of Defense Bill and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs Gen Shelton Good to see you general Lynne and I appreciate very much the tremendous turnout this afternoon By tradition the events of this week are to include a salute to the incoming vice president Far better I thought for the incoming vice president to of fer a salute of his own So we're here today toexpress our gratitude to our veterans to show our pride in our armed forces and to celebrate the event we've all been waiting for the inauguration of a new commander in chief I also want to note the presence of some distinguished guests that others have mentioned before me The presidency and the vice presidency may be the highest offices in the land but there is aneven greater distinction that our- country bestows -- the Medal of Honor It is the highest award for valor in action against an enemy force Only 150 living Americans wear the Medal of Honor When you meet one of them remember the moment For you have just met one of the bravest men in our nation's history Onehundred and one of these gentlemen are here with us this very afternoon Let's give them a fitting welcome 11-L-0559 OSD 9 It was 12 years ago serving as a member of Congress that I received a call from the new president asking me to serve as secretary of defense Taking the job meant assuming responsibility for the well being of millions of men and women in the military I accepted without hesitation and thus began the most rewarding years of my public life As secretary of defense you hold a civilian post but your daily life is bound up with those who wear the uniform The caliber of these men and women the sacrifices they make the duties they carry and the code they live by -- every day you're reminded of these Every day you're reminded of what they give to us and of how much we owe them in return We' v·e heard today some of the ways that American service men have touched peoples' lives around the world These stories capture a great truth For all its size and discipline and immense power our military's real strength has always been and will always be in the character of those who serve Stephen Ambrose has written about the world of a little more than a half century ago the world that Bob Dole spoke of In that time in many parts of Europe and Asia during world War II the sight of a group of soldiers would strike terror into the heart of a civilian Armed troops almost always meant destruction or terror or death But if they were American troops the civilian had nothing to fear As Ambrose explains those G I s meant candy and cigarettes and c-rations and freedom We had sent our best young men halfway around the world not to conquer not to terrorize but to liberate So it has always been for the American military We are a peaceful nation Our people are reluctant warriors We take up arms only to protect our country to throw back tyranny and to defend the cause of freedom At times the price has run high and never higher than in the last century with so many conflicts world wars Asian wars the Cold War the Gulf War Veterans from all these periods are with us today Some served for a few years others for long careers Some were called to the front lines of battle Others had duties closer to home But all had these things in common 11-L-0559 OSD 10 In o r country's hour of need they answered They gave America the best years of their lives and they stood ready to give life itself It is sometime said that heroes are hard to find But I never heard that said around the Pentagon Those who would understand the meaning of duty and honor and country need look no further than the nearest veteran of America's armed forces Today we also remember those who are not so near those who never came home those whose fate is still undetermined We honor the memory of the fallen soldier We have not forgotten the missing soldier and we pledge to their families our best efforts at the fullest possible accounting On this day in 1981 the city of Washington was preparing to welcome a man who is in the thoughts of all of us today President Ronald Reagan His inauguration marked a new era of purpose and pride for the United States and for the armed forces President-elect Bush and I hope the same might be said of our administration and the era that begins tomorrow at noon Of the many duties he and I are about to assume none is greater than preparing our military for the challenges and the dangers to come We will give them training that is thorough and missions that are clear We will give them the kind of military where men and women are proud to serve and proud to stay We will give them the respect they have earned and the support they deserve All of this begins in less than 24 hours when the chief justice administers the oath of office to the man I now present the 43rd president of the United States George W Bush PRESIDENT BUSH I'm certainly glad the vice president-to-be invited me It does not surprise me however that he turned his tribute or a tribute that was supposed to be to him to honor somebody else That's why I picked him to be the vice president He is a decent honorable man 11-L-0559 OSD 11 I am so pleased to see Secretary of Defense Cohen Thank you so much far coming I'm honored youfre here Secretary welcomed Dick and myself and a couple other notables over to the defense department the other day and he did so with grace For that we're very grateful sir I'm so glad to see Bob Dole What a good man Of all the nntables here I don't know why I picked you out except you always make me smile when I think about you What a great man And thank you for your service in building a memorial to the World War II vets It's good to see members of the United States Senate here - Senator Inouye and of course my friend Senator McCain Senator McCain is a pretty tough competitor He brings the best out in people if you know what I mean But I look forward to working with both members of the Senate and the members of the United States Congress who are here as well Thank you for coming It's something to be in the midst of heroes But it's important that a president-to-be and vice president-to-be do so because it reminds us of the greatness of our country It reminds us of the fact that there are thousands of Americans who when called are willing to serve a cause greater than self What an honor to be here It's a particular honor to be here with recipients of the Medal of Honor Great heroes of the American scene Americans who define the character of America remind us that we must never forget our history Soon a new administration will be taking off ice in Washington and we'll have the responsibility for keeping the peace for making the world more peaceful It begins by first having a national security team I believe in all due respect to other presidents -- one whom I happen to know quite well -- that I believe the national security team I put together is the best in our nation's history led by Colin Powell and Don Rumsfeld I look forward to hearing their opinions I look forward to their advice I look forward to doing what is right to make the world more peaceful This is an administration which 11-L-0559 OSD 12 understands though that in order to keep the peace our military must be strong morale must be high We will make sure our soldiers are well paid and well hou sed We will make sure our soldiers are well trained I'm so glad to see general officers here of our military because I want to say this laud and clear as I can The mission of the United States military will be to have a military prepared and trained and ready to fight and win war and therefore prevent war from happening in the first place In order to make sure that morale is high with those who wear the uniform today we must keep our commitment to those who wore the uniform in the past I have picked a really good man to head the veterans' department in Tony Principi We will make sure promises made to our veterans will be promises kept In less than 24 hours I have the highest honor and that's to become the commander in chief of the greatest nation in the world I accept that honor with pride I accept that honor with purpose Thank you for having me God bless America ##END## 11-L-0559 OSD 13 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 5 2001 6 37 PM TO Frank Kramer Admiral Quigley Bill Schneider Col Byrd FROM Donald Rumsfeld ' ' SUBJECT Thank You Notes for Wehrkunde Please draft up any thank you notes that I ought to send to people in connection with the Wehrkunde trip Thank you DR dh 020501-39 11-L-0559 OSD 14 U02332 01 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON FEB20ltll The Honorable Rudolf Scharping Federal Minister of Defense Federal Ministry of Defense D-11055 Berlin Germany Dear Mr Minister It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated both your hospitality and the opportunity to exchange initial views on security issues I look forward to our cooperation as we address the important issues ahead Sincerely I U0' 3 596 01 11-L-0559 OSD 15 l - y THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON FEB 2 n20 '1 His Excellency Gerhard Schroeder Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Bundeskanzleramt Schlossplatz 1 D-10178 Berlin Germany Dear Mr Chancellor It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated both your hospitality and the opportunity to exchange views on security issues of mutual interest NATO remains the heart of European security The U S government values the close cooperation among the Allies We will fully consult our Allies and friends on important issues as we go forward I look forward to our continued cooperation Sincerely _ It I U0' 3' 596 11-L-0559 OSD 16 I 01 T i THESECRETARYOF DEFENSE WASHINGTON fEB2GMr Robert Boehme U S Consulate General Koenigstrasse 5 D-80539 Munich Germany Dear CG Boehme It was a pleasure to meet you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy The work of your staff on the ground in Munich was excellent I would like to extend my thanks to you as well as your political officer Mr Ted Tanoue and administrative officer Mr Jeff Cellars • Thanks so much Sincerely ' fl U03 596 01 11-L-0559 OSD 17 I y THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON · it f EB 2 'D t 'i Dr h c Horst Teltschik Chairman Board of Directors Herbert Quandt Foundation Hanuer Strasse 46 D-80788 Munich Germany Dear Dr Teltschik Thank you for the opportunity to participate in the 37th Munich Conference on Security Policy and for assembling another outstanding conference I found it important to take part in this event even under the extraordinary time constraints of the first days of the new Administration Thank you again and best wishes for continued success U03396 01 11-L-0559 OSD 18 y THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON FEB2 o2 f01 The Right Honourable Geoffrey Hoon Secretary of State for Defence Ministry of Defence Whitehall London SW1A2H United Kingdom Dear Secretary of State Hoon It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated the opportunity to develop our working relationship which began with your warm wishes upon my nomination in December 2000 It remains true that no European country has been a greater friend to the United States than the UK Your support for reviewing current force levels in the Balkans is appreciated I look forward to continuing our discussion on these and other issues when you visit Washington next month U03396 01 11-L-0559 OSD 19 • THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON The Honorable Sergio Mattarella Minister of Defense Republic of Italy Rome Italy Dear Mr Minister It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I was struck by the similarity in our approaches to European security We clearly have strong mutual interests in enhancing Europe's defense capabilities and preserving the integrity of NATO as the primary instrument of transatlantic security I welcomed your statements on the importance of maintaining NATO's centrality avoiding unnecessary duplication and creating an inclusive relationship between NATO and the European Union Your support of the U S proposal for a joint NATO-EU defense planning process is particularly appreciated Italy is an important and valued ally I look forward to our continued cooperation U03 596 01 11-L-0559 OSD 20 I y THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON fEB20M Honorable Alain Richard Minister of Defense Ministry of Defense 14 Rue St Dominique 00450 Armees Paris France Dear Mr Minister It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated the opportunity to continue the dialogue we began earlier in the week on the telephone I look forward to our continued cooperation as we address these and other European security issues in the future U03 596 01 11-L-0559 OSD 21 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON FEB2 02001 The Right Honourable the Lord Robertson of Port Ellen PC Secretary General North Atlantic Treaty Organization Boulevard Leopold III 1110 Brussels Belgium Dear Lord Robertson It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated the opportunity to exchange views on European security We have strong mutual interests in enhancing NATO's defense capabilities and preserving the integrity of NATO as the primary instrument of transatlantic security I look forward to our continued cooperation as we address these and other issues in the future U03 596 01 11-L-0559 OSD 22 - · THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON FEB 2 o2 101 Mr Javier Solana Secretary General Council of the European Union Justus Lipsius Building Rue de la Loi 175 1048 Brussels Belgium Dear Mr Secretary General It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated our visit I too am a strong supporter of NATO I look forward to meeting with you in the future to continue our dialogue on European security Sincerely U03 596 01 11-L-0559 OSD 23 T THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON FElB 2 nl ltl1 His Excellency Tony Tan Deputy Prime Minister Ministry of Defense Republic of Singapore Dear Mr Minister It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated the opportunity to establish our working relationship which began with your warm wishes upon my confirmation as Secretary of Defense in January We clearly have mutual interests in maintaining strong bilateral ties We consider the building of the carrier-capable Changi Pier a clear indication of this support We especially appreciate your support of the U S forces permanently stationed in Singapore I look forward to our continued cooperation as we discuss these and other topics in the future Sincerely U03396 11-L-0559 OSD 24 01 - THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON His Excellency Brajesh Mishra Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister Government of India New Delhi 110 021 Dear Mr Ambassador It was a pleasure to meet with you at the recent Munich Conference on Security Policy I appreciated the opportunity to establish our working relationship India and the U S have major interests in common I look forward to working with you in support of these interests While I understand you have some concerns about our plans for missile defense we welcome discussions toward a shared U S -Indian understanding of this issue I look forward to our continued cooperation as we discuss these and other topics in the future U03396 01 11-L-0559 OSD 25 - THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON tt • ' • i· '· · f1 •f' ·1· s l 1 r I ' ·t ' General Gregory S Martin USAF Commander United States Air Forces in Europe Unit 3050 Box 1 APO AE 09094-0501 Dear General Martin Let me again express my disappointment at not being able to meet the men and women of the 5200 Fighter Wing at Spangdahlem These visits are important to me as they provide an opportunity to personally thank the service members for their dedication to our country Please extend my appreciation to the individuals who worked so diligently to prepare the visit I regret the inconvenience my cancellation caused and look forward to an opportunity to visit in the future U03396 01 11-L-0559 OSD 26 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON Brigadier General Donald J Hoffman USAF Commander 52°d Fighter Wing Unit 3680 Box 190 APO AE 09126-0190 Dear General Hoffman Let me again express my disappointment at not being able to meet the men and women of the 52°d Fighter Wing at Spangdahlem These visits are important to me as they provide an opportunity to personally thank the service members for their dedication to our country Please extend my appreciation to Colonels Mike Beard and John Watkins Captains Dan Beard and Glen Roberts and the rest of your staff who worked so diligently to prepare the visit I regret the inconvenience my cancellation caused and look forward to an opportunity to visit 'Team Eifel' in the future Sincerely 2--Jlt U03 596 01 11-L-0559 OSD 27 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 6 200111 38 AM snowflake TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld3l SUBJECT Senator Reed You mentioned to me that you had talked to Senator Recd There are two Senators named Reed Reid Which one did you talk you DR dh 020601-6 U02328 01 11-L-0559 OSD 28 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 12 2001 TO Marty Hoffman FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT DACOWITS 2 33 PM I would like to consider Marcia Littlejohn for the DACOWITS board DR dh 021201-13 DATEffiME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE U02S6l Of 11-L-0559 OSD 29 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 12 2001 2 42 PM TO Marty Hoffman FROM Donald Rumsfold SUBJECT Personnel I think it is important that I start seeing clusters of candidates I am seeing so many people on so many different things that if we go a week or two or three between me seeing various candidates for one specific job there's no way I can compare them I need to see them in the same day or the same two days Thanks DR dh 021201-15 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 30 U02844 01 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 12 2001 TO Marty Hoffman FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Names sent by Secretary Martinez 5 14 PM Those names from Mel Martinez were sent overbecause I called him and personally requested that he give us some Hispanic names They look like some good ones to me Let's make sure we look hard at them Thanks DR dh 021201-42 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 31 U02868 01 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 13 2001 TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld 7 34 AM SUBJECT Prison-made Materials Have someone find out something about prison-made materials One of the congressman on the trip raised the issue with me and it is called something like mandated source things made by prisoners Congressman McCullough sp was very much for it and this congressman was against it v y FIA 1- lj l I- -' K t f1 C 'r Cr·· S DR dh a - 021301-8 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• DA TE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF- DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 32 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 19 2001 TO Marty Hoffmann FROM Donald Rumsfeld 8 01 AM SUBJECT Phil Major We've got to take a quick look at Phil Major who is an executive VP of IDA We need to check with Larry Welch with the thought that he could do PA E DHR dh 021901-1 DATE TIME REPLY TO TIIE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 33 U03287 01 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February19 2001 TO Marty Hoffmann FROM Donald Rumsfeld 8 06 AM SUBJECT John Levy's Recommendation John Levy Ed Levy's son recommended someone for the Pentagon Do you remember who that is DHR dh 021901-2 DATE TIME REPLY TO 1HE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 34 un 32 86 101 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 19 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld 10 43 AM SUBJECT Author I would like to meet the fellow you said who wrote that paper I think his name was Lane Thanks DHR dh 021901-11 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE U03285 01 11-L-0559 OSD 35 snowflake · ···T · · - _ - o -·-·---·- SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO ' February 19 2001 TO Rich Haver FROM Donald Rumsfeld 10 43 AM SUBJECT Interview w Hayden Take a look at this interview with Mike Hayden and tell me what you think about this Attachment DHR dh 021901-12 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE U 032 84 01 11-L-0559 OSD 36 •• 1 61 Jl•• 11111• are such close quarters in that area that when anyone needs to walk by you you ve aside It contains a lot of equipment It's the hub of the control of the §hip• 'avy officials are not releasing the names of the civilians wete aboard the Greeneville last They insist there's no reason to ude the visitors contributed to the accident Controll e helm is a relatively simple task on ·ne often assigned to an inexperienced crew m Captain Tom Kyle sp chief of staff of the U S Pacific Fleet last night emphasized that visi sitting at the controls e Greeneville would hardly have been responsible for the ship's actions · Friday citing · concerns there were civilians on watch or standing at any of these of a qualified military submarine person So that f any action that was initiated by a civilian • - ii Alntrol GJELTEN Still neither avy nor theNTSB investig have ome up with an explanation for why the Greeneville collid with the Japanese vessel Today a Pen n officjal said the Navy's own investigation coul ssibly lead to criminal charges being filed e co mmander or other crew 11 evidence of negligence · 60 MINUTES II CBS TV 9 00PMFEBRUARY13 2001 Interview with NSA Director Gen Mike Hayden SCOTT PELLEY co-host How strong is America's national security We have a sobering answer tonight from a man who knows The head of the National security Agency admits that we're at risk and terrorists like Osama bin Laden may have some advantages That sort of candor is unprecedented and so is what you're about to see--the inner workings of the most secretive spy agency in the world a place where news cameras have never been permitted until our national security correspondent David Martin got inside DAVID MARTIN reporting If you think the CIA is this country's biggest most powerful spy agency think again The biggest by far twice as big as the CIA is the National Security Agency which eavesdrops on communications all over the world A phone call intercepted by NSA is often the first warning a terrorist like Osama bin Laden is planning an attack against Americans To find that one threatening phone call or fax or e-mail or radio transmission among the billions being made each day NSA relies on rooms full of supercomputers But the NSA has fallen on hard times and in many ways is facing a national security nightmare One example the night General Mike Hayden the director ofNSA got a call from the agency's watch officer with the word that every single one of those computers had crashed Mr MIKE HAYDEN I went through a series of questions in kind of disbelief and think 'How many · computers are down ' And the answer was 'All of them ' - Footage of traffic snowstorm Hayden woman 12ofl9 211 1018 17 AM 11-L-0559 OSD 37 MARTIN Voiceover It was January of2000 and while much of the East Coast dug out from a surprise snowstorm Hayden went on closed circuit television to warn his work force what was at stake Gen HAYDEN I said 'This is secret ' OK This cannot be the second half of a sentence that begins 'Honey you won't believe what happened to me at work today ' because the knowledge that we were down would increase the risk significantly to Americans around the world MARTIN The NSA was essentially brain dead Gen HAYDEN NSA headquarters was brain dead We had some residual ability at our locations around the world but I don't want to trivialize this This was really bad Footage of computers Hayden woman NSA aerial view of NSA barbed wire guard dog man Director's Suite MARTIN Voiceover The computers were back up in three and a half days but there was no denying the enormity of what had happened or other problems Hayden had discovered when he took over NSA But before you can understand just much trouble NSA is in you have to understand what it does For five decades that was next to impossible because outsiders were almost never allowed inside this compound surrounded by barbed wire and guard dogs Too much secrecy was part of NSA's problem Hayden decided so going public is part of his solution Gen HAYDEN You're sitting in the headquarters David of a very powerful and a traditionally very secret organization Footage of listening post map MARTIN Voiceover An organization which operates listening posts all over the world Simply put You eavesdrop on people's communications Gen HAYDEN That would be simply put It's not the way--it--it's not the phrase that we use But again we're involved in signals intelligence Footage of signals intelligence listening post satellites antennas MARTIN Voiceover Here's what signals intelligence looks like The exact location of this listening post is secret but it is one of many intercepting radio transmissions phone calls e-mails and faxes NSA eavesdrops on the communications of both enemies and friends of the US but Hayden will never tell you exactly who all these antennas are listening to Gen HAYDEN If the target didn't think he or she was communicating privately they wouldn't communicate And so the key to this business is actually doing what your adversary believes to be impossible Footage ofNSA's epicenter flashing light workers Bcraradino MARTIN Voiceover This is the epicenter ofNSA a room so secret we were ordered to turn off our - microphones And those lights are flashing to warn everyone we are in this inner sanctum Intercepted communications are funneled through this operations center 24 hours a day seven days a week under the 2 IS 018 17 AM 3of19 11-L-0559 OSD 38 direction of Richard Beraradino Mr RICHARD BERARADINO It's quite frankly intelligence that's flowing from the horse's mouth so to speak MARTIN The horse's mouth being the adversary Mr BERARADINO Correct MARTIN So you're hearing real time what some of our adversaries are saying Mr BERARADINO Correct Footage of man text on screen NSA workers at computer stations MARTIN Voiceover For example the actual conversations oflraqi air defense gunners getting ready to take a shot at an American plane are monitored and warnings are sent out via a top-secret chat room This is as close as you'll ever get to what NSA really does Computerized Voice # 1 Attention Attention Footage of man walking down hallway entering a room MARTIN V oiceover NSA has a gauntlet of security devices to keep outsiders out Unidentified Man #1 It's a fingerprint identification system MARTIN So instead of typing in your password Unidentified Man #1 Simply present your finger to gain access Footage of scanner man picture of eyeball MARTIN Voiceover There are scanners that recognize the eyeballs of those who work here Computerized Voice #2 Identity confirmed Access granted Footage of Martin at security scanner MARTIN Voiceover and screen out those who don't Computerized Voice #3 Please move forward a little Please move forward a little We are sorry You are not identified Footage of woman at keypad woman cyberscanned MARTIN Voiceover Office keys are never taken home they're issued by machine each morning Unidentified Man #2 OK Stand still 2 IWJ 8 17 AM 4of19 11-L-0559 OSD 39 MARTIN Voiceover Some of what goes on here is straight out of a James Bond movie This is called a cyberscan - _ Footage of3-D image Mr DAVE MURLEY Voiceover That actually generates a three-dimensional capture of her face Footage ofQ Mmley Martin MARTIN Voiceover There is even a real life Q named Dave Mmley who is searching for a foolproof way of preventing impostets from logging on to NSA's computers - Mr MURLEY Right now the system is locked so you can't type anything on it But as soon as I change to a position where I would be using the system Footage of circles around Murley's face on screen Martin Mr MURLEY you'll see the red circle came around my face That indicated it found a face Now there's a green one there That indicates that it recognized my face MARTIN And now you can type on the computer Mr MURLEY Now the computer is mine to do with what I wish Footage of Martin at computer MARTIN Right Mr MURLEY Now you can try to be me and when you come into the MARTIN Where am I Mr MURLEY Just step in front of it It has recognized that there is a face present but it's not my face and you're not allowed to use the computer MARTIN Wrong face Mr MURLEY Wrong face Footage of fake Dave MARTIN Voiceover But what about a more clever imposter Mr MURLEY This was done by one of those companies that does masks for Hollywood A number of special techniques have been used to match the coloring and to produce material that looks a lot like flesh Now we'll use the fake Dave to come in and try and enter the system Footage of fake Dave on screen Mr MURLEY And there you can see the fake Dave has been recognized as a face It's thrown the red 2 IS 018 17 AM 5ofl9 11-L-0559 OSD 40 YKDU-1 Y uerense u1a1og JJUp l COll'CLCRIC JDlll t'CIUUUltrAIUIU tl ftV hUI' circle around it but the circle does not go green And it does not recognize the fake Dave as the real Dave Altered footage of government trash man recycled pulp Vern Shiftlett MARTIN Voiceover At NSA even the trash is a government secret We had to alter these pictmes to prevent secret codes and frequencies from seeing the light of day NSA has to get rid of 40 000 pounds of classified documents each day recycling them into pulp that is shipped off to become tissue paper Mr VERN SHIFFLETI We clean this out Footage of Martin andShiffiett MARTIN Voiceover Vern Shiffiett makes sure no secret gets out of here alive Mr SHIFFLETI We call this non-qualified pulp MARTIN I'd call it the dregs Mr SHIFFLETI Well in our minds it's still classified material MARTIN You're kidding me now This stuff is still classified Mr SHIFFLE1T Right It could just be one small portion in there Footage of NSA employees MARTIN Voiceover Until recently NSA employees were forbidden to tell their neighbors even their families what they did for a living That kind of fanatical secrecy is one of the reasons the public almost never finds out what NSA is up to NSA officials say that on any given day the majority of intelligence that shows up in the president's morning briefing comes from here IfNSA is that important to what the president knows about the rest of the world then it might alarm you to learn that according to one classified report NSA is quite literally going deaf Hayden insists it's not that bad but he concedes his agency has a very big problem Oen HAYDEN We're behind the curve in keeping up with the global telecommunications revolution Yes we are Footage of Hayden Martin MARTIN Voiceover NSA is now playing catch-up to Silicon Valley and all the cell phones and computers that have proliferated around the world Gen HAYDEN In a previous world order our primary adversary was the Soviet Union an oligarchic slow-moving nation-state Our adversary communications are now based upon the developmental cycle of a global industry that is literally moving at the speed of light Cell phones encryption fiber optic communications digital communications it--it goes on and on Just--just think of all the ways that you and--and your viewers communicate OK Those are all available to people who would do harm to the United States of America 6ofl9 11-L-0559 OSD 41 2115 018 17 AM n p 11CDUU uuc 111U1rauw1tr tWIU l1 nv nm i llUIU-1 'I' LJl lt Ill t LJli UUg Footage of bombed embassy rescuers Osama bin Laden burning vehicle MARTIN Voiceover Documents introduced at the trial of the four men accused of blowing up two American embassies in Africa indicate NSA was monitoring Osama bin Laden's satellite phone as he allegedly directed preparations for the attack from his hiding place in Afghanistan Even so NSA was unable to collect enough intelligence to stop it I think people have a hard time understanding why if during the Cold War you could stay either even or a step ahead of the big bad Soviet Union with all of its might why you can't stay a step ahead of Osama bin Laden Gen HAYDEN The Soviet Union for its telecommunications had to rely on those things the Soviet Union built Osama bin Laden has at his disposal the wealth of a $3-trillion-a-year telecommunications industry that he can rely on MARTIN He has better technology Gen HAYDEN That's one He has better technology available to him I can't get into operational details about what it is we know or don't know about him Photo ofOsama bin Laden encrypted message Zimmermann MARTIN Voiceover It is NSA's nightmare--terrorists like Osama bin Laden using technology developed right here in the United States to hide their plans to attack Americans And here's one way they could do it software developed by computer maverick Phil Zimmermann that uses encryption to make messages - unreadable Mr PHIL ZIMMERMANN This is some document a technical document that we want to encrypt before we send it out on the Internet and this is what it looks like encrypted Footage of encrypted message Zimmermann MARTIN Voiceover Zimmermann calls his program Pretty Good Privacy He distributes it for free on the Internet so average citizens can protect themselves from surveillance of organizations like NSA Anyone can download it MARTIN Good guys and bad guys Mr ZIMMERMANN That's true But I can't think of a way of making it available to the good guys without also making it available to the bad guys MARTIN So a person who wants to protect their credit card number has the same access to Pretty Good Privacy as a terrorist who's plotting to kill Americans Mr ZIMMERMANN That's true MARTIN Does that bother you Mr ZIMMERMANN It bothers me a great deal but I don't know how to solve that problem 17ofl9 11-L-0559 OSD 42 2 IS 01 8 17 A Footage offence satellite insideNSA supercomputers MARTIN Voiceover And neither does NSA No organization has spent more time and money on - breaking codes After all if you can't break the code there's no point in intercepting the message which is why NSA is armed with an arsenal of supercomputers some of them capable of performing more than one trillion operations per second to help decipher unreadable jumbles of letters and numbers NSA has always had state-of-the-art computers' but they were increasingly hard pressed to keep up with the sheer volume of traffic As the demands grew the system was stretched thinner and thinner Footage of supercomputers MARTIN Voiceover until finally on that night in January of2000 it crashed Gen HAYDEN We actually were down We were dark Our ability to process information was gone ·MARTIN Was this the ultimate wake-up call Gen HAYDEN Of course Of course Footage of Hayden in his office MARTIN Voiceover It wasn't Hayden's first wake-up call When he became director two years ago he commissioned two studies of NSA and got back a scathing indictment of a stagnant and unwieldy governnient bureaucracy There is confusion and paralysis the reports said We have run out of time - Some of these descriptions are descriptions of a dysfunctional agency 'Civilian personnel wrote their own promotion reports and supervisors endorsed the reports even if they did not agree ' Now that's crazy Gen HAYDEN Yeah I would agree with that Footage of Hayden MARTIN Voiceover Instead of hiding those problems--easy to do in a top-secret agency--Hayden made sure those damning reports were posted on the Internet for all to see Gen HAYDEN I had these reports and they were almost like a license MARTIN A license to break some china Gen HAYDEN Exactly And--and I--I--David I actually told the work force that 'We're going to move ' People had to understand that standing still was not going to be an option Footage of building vehicles traveling down street workers Hayden MARTIN Voiceover The high walls that kept NSA's secrets safe for half a century also kept out the innovative spirit of the information revolution Now Mike Hayden' is trying to stir up a revolution of his own inside the least known most powerful institution in America and he has only one year left before his tour of duty ends 18ofl9 1JIS 011 17 AM 11-L-0559 OSD 43 ••--T'··----·-••- •• -u••••vv•v•• •••·••u• Gen HAYDEN This isn't about people doing bad things This is about an agency that's grown up in one world learned a way to succeed within that world and now finds itself in another world and it's got to change if it hopes to succeed in that second universe Footage of60 MINUTES II clock Announcer Voiceover For the history of codes and code breaking from Mata Harl to the Cold War log on to cbs com 9of19 2 lS 018 17 AM 11-L-0559 OSD 44 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO oaa J I FROM ---y -- February 19 2001 I 6 34 Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Paper by Iain Duncan Smith ' ' i ' V c C Here's a paper by Duncan Smith MP Why don't we see if someone could check the accuracy of the facts If it is reasonably accurate I want to circulate it to sonie of the people on our team and then to Coiin Powell and Condi Rice Attachment DHR dh 021901-21 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE U0661J 01 11-L-0559 OSD 45 IL·' I IAIN DUNCAN SMITH MP I SHADOW SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE The military threat the EU's political respon e and a weakened NATO Wednesday 14th February 2001 at the Heritage Foundation Washington DC 1 11-L-0559 OSD 46 From 1946 until 1989 a clear even static threat easily defined in both political and military terms shaped all our thinking The need to defend against the threat was paramount and the terms of our political debate for forty-three years were fashioned by it Western Europe has come a long way in the fifty-six years since the end of the Second World War Together with the US and - Canada under the umbrella of NATO we have faced down thb threat from the Soviet Union and under NATO's protective shiel I have managed to establish democratic and stable nations le likely to go to war with each other than at any time in history It is not surprising that conditioned by this battle-free war tt e I West let out a collective sigh of relief when the Berlin Wall came J I down Peoples it was assumed freed from the oppressive yoke of I the Cold War would be grateful and benign It was many believe no longer likely that European nations would be troubled by t e spectre of war again In the intervening years even though this belief was challenged more and more from the Gulf to the Balkans politicians were reluctant to sit down and focus on the development of this po$t Soviet threat They were too busy cashing in on the peace dividend and did not want to be bothered by something $0 unnecessary as a threat assessment •2 11-L-0559 OSD 47 Emerging Threats However history teaches us that threats to world stability are geographically diffused and can emerge far quicker than i anticipated The proliferation of ballistic missiles and the weapons of mas destruction with which they are armed is the most daunting threat of modern times Between 35 to 40 countries have some missile ' capability and according to a report from Britain's Lancaster University up to 18 have nuclear chemical or biological warhea s with which to arm them Recent developments confirm these previous estimates North Korea and Iran are among the countries currently seeking to develop long-range ballistic missiles and weapons of mass destruction Others have followed them The ex-head of UNSCOM Richard Butler makes it clear that despite the sanctions engine Saddam Hussein has developed biological and nuclear agents Furthermore his effort to develop missiles has progressed at a great pace as well Over the last year a number of countries have successfully tested missiles - Iran test-fired its first solid-liquid fuel missile The missile the Shahab-30 has a range of 810 miles 11-L-0559 OSD 48 13 Syria also successfully tested first North Korean ground-to-groun I Scud D missile' with a maximum range of about 600 km Like th$ earlier models the Scud D is capable of being armed wit I chemical and biological warheads manufactured in Syria Liby' has taken a delivery of a consignment of North Korean ballistic missiles capable of hitting targets in Israel and NATO states i Southern Europe A series of recent flight-tests of the new Chinese Dong Feng 3 I road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of abo t 8 000-10 000km has shown that the Chinese programme is being I speeded up r The grim facts of the proliferation of missiles and weapons of masjs destruction WMD were soberly set-out by the Rumsfel Commission and most recently by the US Defense Departmer lt report published at the beginning of January Proliferation Thre$t and Response 2 It noted At least 25 countries now possess or are in the process bf acquiring and developing capabilities to inflict ma s I casualties and destruction nuclear biological and chemic'fJI NBC weapons or the means to deliver them 1 2 Ha'aretz News 25 Sep 00 January 2001 4 11-L-0559 OSD 49 These reports have clearly had a significant impact on attitudes in Washington but surprisingly have had little impact on opinion in Europe One and a half years ago I spoke in Washington and called for Europe to take this threat seriously Yet I am sad to say European leaders are resisting any calls for co-operation with th United States to counter the threat Such growing weapons capability in itself is a cause of great concern yet when one considers to what degree that capability i linked with areas of great political instability and tension one can see how quickly these threats could develop These weapons a$ weapons as much of terror as war fighting weapons Th possession of this capability could change the whole approach of the West in handling threats to their interests Some argue that our massive nuclear deterrence would be sufficient defence ironically often the same people who opposE ld our possession of it in the 60s 70s and 80s Not even a Saddam Hussein they point out would risk such retaliation Yet imagine that the threat is made The country threatened perhaps in the same region may not be much reassured for they will realise they will have to suffer the consequences of the initial strike They m y I also question whether the UK or the USA would retaliate with overwhelming force if their homeland is not targeted Furthermore what if the threat was a chemical or biological one not nucleaf Are we certain that we would strike back with a massive nucle r warhead It is that marginal judgement which makes the threat alone so destabilising to our allies and friends 5 11-L-0559 OSD 50 v To illustrate this try to imagine what would have happened hab Milosevic possessed such a weapon Who would have laid money on the Alliance holding together had Athens or Rome for example been targeted And would we have engaged with Iraq h d Saddam Hussein had this capability and threatened h s neighbours This is not too far fetched Remember Yugoslavia had a well-developed nuclear programme and Serbia still possess s 48 kg of weapons grade uranium Furthermore links between North Korea Iraq and Serbia were developing very fast prior to Milosevic's departure History teaches us that those who are not prepared to change in response to new threats will soon find themselves overwhelmed I Although there are often dangers in overusing historical analysis I I nonetheless think that it is relevant here ' During 1930s the Briti h Government persuaded itself that 'it would have up to ten years warning of an emerging threat and thus would have enough time to build up forces The events of 1939 40 show how suqh complacency almost ended in our defeat Given the nature of this growing threat it is surely an ideal opportunity to remodel the NATO alliance to better counter the$e threats rather than create new and duplicating structures The reshaping and rebuilding of military capability of European members of NATO is vital - the poor quality of military capability amongst nations of Europe has for far too long been unaddressed A start to this is for the nations of Europe to recognise the thr t and then join the United States in development of the relev nt 11-L-0559 OSD 51 defences In short to create a NATO based programme The alternative is to hope the problem will go away - sadly we kno i where that sort of complacency got us in the 1930s Yet confronted by these threats the last few years show th t Europe is not prepared to face this problem Across the EU as a whole military spending is down by around 20 per cent compared to the mid-nineties For example Germany has cut its budget b f 7 5 billion since 1995 - a reduction of 30 per cent They are not alone Ah I anticipate some of you may say isn't the European Security and Defence Policy or as I prefer to call it the Euro Army thew to deal with this Regrettably as I intend to show it will become part of the problem not part of the solution The Risks to NATO There is a risk that competing priorities may come into play Evew I European member of NATO will have only one set of forces and one defence budget not one force and one budget for NATO and another force and military budget for the EU If European nations through the EU are seen as having autonomous and competing institutions rather than integrated transparent and complementary ones then NATO's collective security is likely to suffer This will leave both North America and 11-L-0559 OSD 52 7 Europe relying on uncoordinated inefficient and ad hoc response to destabilizing threats There is also the risk that dual planning institutions will in turn create new bureaucracies We are already seeing this happer And indeed Sir John Weston Britain's former ambassador NATO has described the new ESDP structures as tp bein excruciatingly bureaucratic Daily Telegraph 11 January 2001 I Nor is this an inclusive process Non-EU members of NATO _ such as Turkey I Norway Poland Hungary the Czech RepubUc and even Denmark opted out - are being discriminated again$t and excluded from consideration This is already risking divisiQh i and could lead to fragmentation and a loss of cohesion in thje Alliance The Turkish Government has been so concerned by such developments that they have refused to agree that the Eµ should have guaranteed access to NATO military planners when conducting operations But above all the new European force does not extend Western Europe's collective defence capability It does not provide for 1a single new soldier or a single new bullet All it does is to transfer the chain of command from the national capitals to the EU and armed forces from NATO to EU When the UK Chief of the Defence Staff General Sir Charl s Guthrie was recently asked whether he thought an EU Rapid Reaction Force could ever be an effective fighting force he 11-L-0559 OSD 53 18 I replied Not within my lifetime quite honestly The Daily Telegraph 12 Feb 2001 Although some politicians insist that this force will be anchored tp NATO and that it would enhance NATO the problem is that thb Nice summit formalised a significant shift away from NATO The Nice Summit It is no good EU politicians now trying to deny that this EU defen I force is not separate from NATO and is simply there to enhan the Alliance The Nice summit produced concrete evidence of wh lt I consider to be a significant shift away from NATO The facts from the Nice agreement are these • The EU military forces are independent and autonomous from NATO • The planning for many operations can and will be done I outside of NATO • It is the EU that will make the decision whether to conduct $n operation and only then might consult NATO they are not obliged to do so • The EU will retain full political and strategic contrbl throughout any operation whether NATO is involved or not i9 11-L-0559 OSD 54 I It is worth quoting Annex 7 par 3 of the Nice summit's Standing Arrangements for Consultations and Cooperation between the E -- and NATO Should the EU consider an in-depth study of a strategic optio1r1l which calls for NATO after the EU council has adopted la strategic option the entire chain of command must remain und$r the political control and strategic direction of the EU throughout ttie operation iwo matter consultation between the organizations NATO will be informed of the developments p 60 I have seen in the newspapers that EU politicians insist that these separate arrangements are only wanted by few not by all and that they are even now being resisted Yet the Nice Treaty and the military annexes were agreed by all without any dissenting voices Britain for example has announced its commitment to allocate $t least 12 500 men 18 warships and 72 combat aircraft to this organisation Yet this itself seems at odds with the constantly stated point the ESDP is for low-level humanitarian rescue and peacekeeping tasks If that is the case then I am not quite sure what these men ships and aircraft are for But anyway the real question is where are all these to come from These are no extra soldiers ships or aircraft They are all allocated for national and NATO deployments and as such they are already desperately overstretched It is also apparent that this is the same for every other nation that has signed up to this at Nice to 11-L-0559 OSD 55 Politics So if it is not about seriously enhancing military capability it can only be yet again about politics President Chirac says that the force is needed because the European Union cannot fully exist until it possesses an autonomous defence capacity AFP 29May1999 His Minister for Europe Pierre Moscovici sees the European defence initiative as the· completion of the European project adding with admirable frankness that it will bear France's imprint L'Express 20 Jan 2000 Germany's Defence Minister Rudolph Scharping ha$ I described it as an important step in a new field of European integration The importance of the Euro Army project for the political leaders of the EU cannot be underestimated The latest comments by r Solana the EU Foreign and Security Policy High Representative illustrate this As recently as last month he warned that an NMD system 'threatens the stability and cohesion of the Atlantic Alliance' and 'the climate in the world will become rougher' were NMD to e deployed while the 'arms control agreed under the ABM Treaty s crucial to global security' Sueddeutsche Zeitung 15 Jan 01 1 11-L-0559 OSD 56 Last week however Mr Solana arrived to Washington stating I 'The United States has right to deploy' missile defence and that ABM Treaty 'is not a Bible' and could therefore be changed Whatever happened to all those European concerns over the U$ deployment of NMD Are they now converts or is there something else A simple answer lies in what has already been floated in Europe as a potential and dangerous trade off This 'grand strategy' where the Europeans would agree to no longer complain about the u$ plans for a NMD system but in return the United States should no longer raise concerns over a European Army This sort of trade off is both cynical and destructive For if one analyses what is proposed one quickly realises that it is the worst of all solutions We would be left with a Euro defence project separate from NATO dividing the alliance and weakening it political as well as military resolve At the same time the USA would go ahead and deploy a defence system solely for itself without any involvement from its NATO allies rendering them vulnerable To cover this vulnerability in Europe different policy objective would rapidly emerge separate to and divergent from the USA The strand of this can already be detected by some of the rhetoric being used For example the French Foreign Minster's comment that the USA is a 'hyperpower' that needs to be counterbalanced The German Defence Minister Rudolf Scharping said as much 2 11-L-0559 OSD 57 when he noted 'As the European Union develops its security an defense policy and becomes an independent actor we must determine our security policy with Russia our biggest neighbou IHT 12 Feb 2001 Progressively European Union members of NATO will be under pressure from the EU to arrive at a common position prior to NATO meetings a form of caucusing This would develop into a dangerous America vs Europe confrontation rendering NAT9 impotent NATO and the EU's response There is another way and it is still not too late to pursue it The test for NATO in the 21st century is the way in which the Alliance responds to the proliferation of the weapons of ma s I destruction and the means to deliver them This issue has the ability to either unite NATO or divide it The first requirement is that the growing threat from rogue nations armed with weapons of mass destruction WMD needs to be recognised Here in the United States you have already made 1a decision to develop and deploy some form of Ballistic Missile Defence to deal with this threat With the evidence now available to us all it seems implausible that similar conclusions cannot be reached in the capitals of Europe as well It would be dishone$t even reckless for the political leaders in Europe to do otherwise In UK criminal law recklessness implies consciously knowing of 113 11-L-0559 OSD 58 risk and ignoring that risk Yet such recklessness at present appears to be the chosen course Traditionally the United Kingdom would have acted to bridge the current gap in opinions on each side of the Alliance as we did with the deployment of Cruise and Pershing in the 1980s But the UK's support for the Euro Army and its own equivocal stance on missile I defence has seen the UK abrogate this role In short the EU members have not just embarked on a defence policy which will undermine the Atlantic Alliance but are failing to work with our American allies as they endeavour to respond to the very real and growing threats Conclusion Faced by this developing threat it should be in the interest of European nations to work with the USA to create a NATO base@ defence The basis of such a programme would be to accept that the imbalance in capability cannot be allowed to continue if NATO is to remain viable It is ironic that when we look at this new Euro Army project we fin a plan for a force separated from NATO whose prime objective seems to be the establishment of a European identity in defence and uses the vehicle of the European Union to achieve it Any student of history would assume that this Euro defence project was driven by an analysis of the threat Yet when I read all the 11-L-0559 OSD 59 J4 • treaties signed from St Malo through to Nice I cannot help askin myself - if this is the answer then what was the question Some obsessed by European political structures have spoken of their ambitions for Europe as a superpower others as a I superstate However future generations will have harsh words for those whose 'grand design' of European integration became 8 substitute for the defence of their peoples They would of cours have a good reason - but by then it may be too late 11-L-0559 OSD 60 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 20 2001 TO Marty Hoffman FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Additions to Policy List 7 11AM Let's add to the policy list Paula Dobriansky Doug Paal and Carl Ford They were suggested by Rich Armitage DHR dh 022001-2 DATEITIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 61 U03345 01 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 20 2001 TO FROM 7 21 AM Marty Hoffmann RADM Quinn Donald 1 0 Rumsfel JS 0 SUBJECT r Low-Intensity Conflict Post If I am not mistaken there is a low-intensity conflict post here at the Pentagon I would like to know who is in it now Someone ought to take a look at Brian Jenkins and see if he is somebody we ought to think about bringing into the government DHR dh 022001-3 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 62 U03308 01 snowflake SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 21 2001 TO Marty Hoffmann FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 14 AM SUBJECT Pension See me about my government pension I am told it stopped Is that what is supposed to happen DHR dh 022101-2 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE - p u 0 - 11-L-0559 OSD 63 U03423 01 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO February 21 2001 TO FROM 9 10 AM Dr Wolfowitz Dr Zakheim Honorable Pete Aldridge Dr Cambone Dr Schneider lA J - - Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Sean O'Keefe Memo Attached is a memo that was given to me by Sean 0 'Keefe last month He has some interesting ideas Why don't you take a look at it and then we can talk about it Thanks Attachment DHR dh 022101-10 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE - UO 5 4 3£1 I 01 11-L-0559 OSD 64 - ---- -- Transition Agenda Thoughts January4 2001 Working Assumptions Leadership is sore v needed Pursuit of the current national security agenda and strategy is either vacuous or bankrupt There is no way to maintain the current agenda short of adding $50 billion each year for the foreseeable future which would still result in doing les i with substantially more resources - nor would this be prudent The corrcnt strategy is not in concert with the present national security challenges Thus even fully funding the current strategy will yield a force and program structure which is expensive but unresponsive to the present global challenges Strategy review in 2001 It will take time to properly define the alternative strategy The Bu ' h-Cheney approach is to spend a good portion of200 l condu -ting a strategy and budget review which will be driven lop-down Reconciling imbalances between defense and foreign assistance resources will be only one of the elements of the review Within defense the challenge will be to yield an approach which re balances the procurement R D and operations budgets across services and agencies To be successful it has to be led by the Secretary of Defense but conducted by a limited cohort of OSD loyalists to assure that it's focused and timely The earliest completion of this review will contribute to its success - mid-summer 2001 if at all possible Planned QDR is a non-slarler The current plans for the Quadrennial Defense Review are internally driven At best the QDR will incorporate a service-centric focus which will yield incremental known solutions to pending issues At worst it will provide grist to litigate every decision made by the Clinton-Gore team that the institution doesn't like It is unlikely to yield creative strategy alternatives and may not even prove to be an appropriate vehicle for a point of departure for the BushMCheney strategy review Amendment will be fi1rwarded by lute spring 2001 Tn order to slake out an agenda early in the Bush-Cheney Administration before the comprehensive strategy and budget review is complete a budget amendment for defense will be required Throughout the campaign the Bush Chcney team announced its intent to 11sc this vehicle to incorporate several key distinguishing features The institution the military services et al intend to lobby for all its priorities to be included in such an an1endmcnt Short of well considered guidance this amendment could yield a disparate collection of service priorities 11-L-0559 OSD 65 J' · A transition strategy To avoid the institutional forces setting the agenda to preserve options for the more e tensive strategy review and to put a stake in the ground with the spring budget amendment the following six factors should be incorporated into the detense transition plan These six elements could form the basis ofinstitutional ''guidance and bndget amendment guidelines While the incoming Administration may separately develop program or policy initiatives which should be included in the amendment the military services and DOD elements oould be restricted to these six areas for issues to include in the upcoming amendment Sb clements of past future orientation The six items represent three areas of focus to signal a clear break with the past strategy framework and three areas which explore potential future parameters for the larger strategy review focus In all cases the results of the institutional consideration wiU provide the new Administration team with valuable insights into the obstacles in managing the Department toward new directions Three issue to demonstrate a break from the past I Reconfigure 20% ofthe R D budget to C4ISR initiatives The senior civilian and military leadership have lamented the severe shortage of C4ISR related resources This approach would force a prioritization of initiatives with a clear requirement to make choices There sho'tlld be 3 clear priority 1-0r commercial approaches where they exist It could be left up to the services or led by the Chairman to select the C4ISR initiatives and to OSD lo decide which elements of the current R D program will be diverted The latter is preferable and more likely to include hard choices v 2 Plan to Competitively Outsource 25% oflhe support eslablishment Jt's commonly held that competitive outsourcing will yield 30% savings over current cost performance Y ct the Department is unwilling to pursue these initiatives in earnest for a variety of institutional reasons - most prominent of which is a conviction that the initiative will be endorsed and the savings pocketed before any outsourcing is ac tually undertaken To break that bias the outsourcing objective should not include x nected savings tarnet This will si1P1al the sincerity that the objective is outsourcing and savings will be an attendant benefit Whatever resultant savings accrue can be plowed into the longer term strategy review and potentially finance those priorities later v 11-L-0559 OSD 66 3 Base Closure infrastructure realignment The senior military leadership has gotten religion that base closure will be the answer to long tetm resource prayers No amount of political cajoling however will yield a new closure process Therefore a comprehensive list of base closure candidates should be prepared using the existing authority and procedures It's a long drawn out process which in 1990 forced the Congressional leadership to the negotiating table to find a better more efficient less political method Ten years later the leverage may work again but it has to begin with a candidate list At minimum this action will demonstrate a willingness to carry the standard and may well reveal the military leadership's priorities This presents a real opportunity to continue consolidation of common support functions in logistics communications medical and intelligence and adoption of best business practices Three initiatives to sif nal potential new direction 4 Fund the enablers lo enhance extant systems The Bush-Cheney team has indicated an interest in skipping a generation Lo avail new technology in future systems Along the way current systems planned for fielding can incorporate new technology into current systems at minimal cost A policy which requires including systems such as Link 16 for example into current and new aircraft systems can significantly improve battle space awareness and improve connectivity with C4ISR assets Specifically signaling inclusion of such systems in the amendment will inunediately yield a list of significant candidates and send a strong message that these are the right kind of initiatives to pursue as an interim strategy To be sure this will represent a significant culture and resource change 5 Define mission objectives and identify different asset '' accompli ·h the lmtk v Challenge the im 'titution to do zero-based reviews and to come up with alternatives to accomplishing tasks without using the current assets to meet the objectives For example precision deep strike rclpid deployment and battle space command control missions always yield the answers respectively that cruise missiles long range aircraft forward deployment and reconnaissance aircraft are required By challenging the institution to omit current solutions different asset employment options may cmcree to reveal the varied missionuti1ity ofB-2 mobile off shore bases and UAVs for example Great care must he exerted in identifying the mission definitions but the results could be ilhnninating 6 Solicit joint basing co fi_gurations The assessment of infrastructure utility encroacluncnt andcapacity are heavily influencedhy service ownership A commitment to advance at least two joint-s cc base configurations will yield some creative uses of extant capacity- and might even promote operational jointness in a more meaningful way than merely by well intentioned doctrine 'Including the resources in the amendment to make two joint operating bases a reality will demonstrate commitment to this concept 11-L-0559 OSD 67 V I - 1 -· There is nothing particularly magic about these six initiatives other than they are collectively a strong statement that the past strategy is about to change in some direction to be determined and that standard cwn ' llt practices in the future are not likely to endure All but issues #4 and #6 arc zero sum propositions Indeed those two initiatives should consume a small fraction of the spring budget amendment increase Plenty of Toom is preserved for other specific progmm initiatives the new Administration muy seek to highlight This approach preserves much needed time to engage in a comprehensive strategy review Meanwhile this transition agenda keeps the Department and its parochial institutions engaged in mear iingful directions in the meantime rather than litigating grievances about the past Administration's decisions and it's a start 11-L-0559 OSD 68 snowflake February 22 2001 8 25 PM TO Marty Hoffmann FROM Donald Rumsfeld 0 o SUBJECT Bill Boyster Please take a good hard look at Bill Boyster sp I have gotten some good recommendations on him and I do know him See if you can find something that makes sense for him other than the spot he is seeking Thanks DHR dh 022201-16 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 69 U03669 01 snowflake February 22 2001 TO Steve Cambone Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld 8 32 PM 0 0 SUBJECT Principal Deputies We ought to think about not having Principal Deputies in OSD If we do keep the Principal Deputy slots we probably ought not use them for Principal Deputies but rather parse out some of the responsibilities so the people in those jobs are not gophers and administrative assistants but actually have substantive responsibility DHR dh 022201-18 • ••••······································ DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 70 uo 3693 01 February 22 2001 TO Andy Marshall FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Paper by Boyd 8 48 PM Would you send me up the paper Boyd sent you I would like to read it Thanks DHR dh 022201-20 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Ufr3672 101 11-L-0559 OSD 71 snowflake February 22 2001 TO Steve Herbits FROM Donald Rumsfeld 9 21 PM SUBJECT Robin West Is Robin West somebody we ought to get in to help DHR dh 022201-28 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 72 IJ036A9 01 snowflake TO Zal Khalilzad FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE February23 2001 SUBJECT Use of Force Issue Thanks for your memo on my discussions with the senators on the use of force issues Attached is a memo that I drafted that touches on the same subject I wonder if you would take the memo I drafted and then take anything that I said in the discussions with the senators that is better or that elaborates and incorporate them into this piece that I drafted Thanks DHR azn 022301 11 Attach 11-L-0559 OSD 73 U04507 101 - February 19 20011 53 Pl 1 Possible Criteria for U S l 1ilitary Engagements 1 Whatever the U S sets out to do should be reasonably achievable 2 If lives are going to be at risk as they almost always will it must be in the national interest 3 If it is worth doing the U S and allies if they are to be involved must be willing to put lives at risk 4 The resources and capabilities to achieve it need to be available and not in use elsewhere S If public support does not exist at the outset leadership must believe it will be able to earn sufficient public support to sustain the effort for the period required 6 Leadership should be willing to act early to try to alter the behavior of others to avoid conflict but if that fails be willing to use the force necessary to prevail 7 The command structure must be something we can control-not UN control or a joint or collective command structure where command decisions are made by others or by a committee Neither NATO the UN or any other coalition should be in a position to control U S decision-making If the U S needs a coalition to achieve its goals leadership must gain prior agreement to do whatever it is it thinks may be needed to achieve the stated goals 8 There should be clear goals as to the US purpose and criteria for success so it will know when it has achieved the goals and can exit - DRtdh 020501-9 11-L-0559 OSD 74 r • · snowflake February 23 2001 TO 9 22 AM Steve Herbits lA i CC Steve Cambone William Schneider FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Battlefield of the Future ' '- Attached is one of the proposals from Newt on the battlefield of the future See me when you think you have an idea of how we might do that Thanks Attachment - DHR dh 022301-13 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 75 U03727 01 Envisioning the Unified Battlefield of the Future The combination of nanoscale science and technology massive computing capability exploding bandwidth for communications new materials technologies space based assets and the biological revolution will create a new scientific and technological framework for warfare The traditional bureaucracies will resist the scale of change involved The Secretary of Defense should establish a panel of majors and lieutenant commanders from the five services including the Coast Guard and comparable younger intelligence and civilian experts to assess the scientific potential of the next 25 years and develop a proposed unified battlefield capability that would synergistically bring together the capabilities into a new model force The goal is to eliminate any consideration of current platforms and look at the elimination of time distance and size by the combination of space assets computerization and nanoscale miniaturization Majors are probably the oldest group capable of getting outside the current assumptions and being truly daring in allowing scientific advances to define the development of possibilities rather than having the services' vested interests define the potential A working group that reported directly to the Secretary and had an aggressive schedule of reaching out to civilian laboratories universities entrepreneurs and venture capitalists might within a two year period develop a vision of a new model unified battlefield that would create a very rich opportunity for true innovation in force structure and doctrine The group might be collocated at Moffett Field with the NASA Ames laboratories that might be the best geographic site for exploring the science of the next quarter century It would need substantial travel and consulting funds to visit the most interesting scientists and laboratories in the country and to develop simulations and systems to shape a unified battlefield of the future 11-L-0559 OSD 76 I February 23 2001 TO Admiral Jeremiah CC Steve Herbits Steve Cambone William Schneider FROM Donald Rum sfeld 9 37 AM SUBJECT Military Schools Here is a brief paper on Military Schools Do you think this is something we ought to take a look at - Attachment DHR dh 022301-17 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE U0 732 11-L-0559 OSD 77 01 I Military Dependent Schools as a Retention Opportunity Americans value educating their children In fact many Americans will move just to get their children into better schools This fact could be developed into an asset for the military in retention The military dependents' education system could use the best available laptop computer Internet based curriculum and advanced learning systems to offer the best education in America By offering an Internet based curriculum it could provide a continuity of learning for military dependent students as they moved around the world By using its size as a potential purchaser and its position as a potential showcase the miJita dependent school system could get the best prices available for new technology and new systems The result would be a school system that would encourage retention by ensuring that the children were gaining through their parent's military career 11-L-0559 OSD 78 February 24 2001 snowflake TO RDML Quinn FROM Donald Rumsfeld 8 59 AM SUBJECT Subject Areas Please add intelligence and unmanned UAYs to the list of things that we arc going to get people to comment on Thanks DHR dh 022401 - 1 DATEmME 3 01 lot REPLY TO TIIE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 79 U0423 101 OFFICE Or THE SECRETAFlY CF DEFENSE snowflake ZDOI FEB 26 PM 5 26 TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld February 26 2001 9 49 AM SUBJECT Aircraft Have someone put together that piece of paper that shows each aircraft what the individual cost is what the total buy is what its purpose is and if you have some way of calculating it its lethality by some cost measure DHR dh 022601-12 • DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 0 -0 U03903 01 11-L-0559 OSD 80 February 26 2001 11 32 AM a T0 Dr Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Your -iend we grabbed me at the White House dinner Sunday night and said she had to talk to me which of course she always does when she seen you I told her I would have you call her-here is her number D0 well 022601-21 DATEITIME A REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE rm U03864 I01 526 096352 snowflake February27 2001 TO The Honorable Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld 2 29 PM L SUBJECT Homeland The word homeland is a strange word Hom eland Defense sounds more German than American Also it smacks of isolation ism which I am uncomfortable with - Third what we are really talking about I suppose is population as opposed to hom eland Let 's visit about thi s DHR dh 022701-21 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 82 U04043 01 snowflake February 27 2001 TO Admiral Quigley FROM Donald Rumsfeld 5 14 PM i0 SUB JECT Advertisements I would li ke to see the Army of One advertisements so I can know precisely what is going on DHR dh 022701 -31 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Q 11 U04046 01 11-L-0559 OSD 83 _ snowflake Ma rch 1 2001 TO Honorable Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld 2 47 PM SUBJECT Spectrum Who handles spectrum in the building Secretary Don Evans called me today and wants to put together a group to discuss it W Let me know what you would propose Thanks DHR dh 030101-1 9 11-L-0559 OSD 84 U04173 01 snowflake TO Steve Herbits · Marty Hoffinann FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE March 2 2001 'Y SUBJECT General Tom Moorman Four-Star USAF Ret tells me that Lyle Bien is first rate and that we may be looking at him for CIII '· DHR azn 030201 26 0 11-L-0559 OSD 85 ' snowflake TO • Steve Herbits Steve Cambone e Bill Schneider FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE March 2 2001 Lu ' 1' J SUBJECT At lunch Gen Ron Fogleman said he really thought no one had ever addressed the personnel side of the post-cold war world and what numbers and what arrangements we ought to have Let's give him a call and get him involved in that subject I can't tell which task force that would fall in Would it be transformation or quality of life I think the former DHR azn 030201 31 c__ _ U04 86 101 11-L-0559 OSD 86 snowflake March 2 2001 TO Larry Di Rita Acting ASD LA FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Duncan Hunter's Book 6 49 AM k 0 ---- After you have had a chance to look at the book Duncan Hunter gave us all let me know what you think DHR dh 030201-1 U04194 01 11-L-0559 OSD 87 snowflake March 2 2001 TO Larry Di Rita Acting ASD LA FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Budget for Military Pay 7 24 AM One of the Members I think it was the person who is involved with the Personnel Subcommittee mentioned the need to discuss with them how the $1 4 billion is going to be used for pay DHR dh 030201-4 2 'l c U04193 10111-L-0559 OSD 88 • snowflake March 2 2001 TO Steve Herbits FROM Donald Rwnsfeld 10 18 AM E c c SUBJECT Paula Unruh 9 Paula Unruh information is down there I have written a letter thanking Mr Weldon for recommending her I have known her over the years and I think she is probably pretty able Why don't you take a look at her DHR dh 030201-5 U04228 01 11-L-0559 OSD 89 - TO Paul Wolfowitz Dov Zakheim Bill Schneider Pete Aldridge Steve Cambone FROM Donald H Rumsfeld DATE March 8 2001 p Attached is a letter on the subject of missile defense for your information DHR azn 030801 10 Attach 11-L-0559 OSD 90 ·-·-· ongrtlJ of tfJe llnibb 6tatel -·20515' March 7 2001 OFRCE OF 1liE SECRETl·Hf OF DEFENSE ZOOI HAR -8 PM I '37 The HonorableDonaldR umsfeld Secretmy ofDefense The Pentagon Washington D C 20301-1155 Dear Mr Secretary As you prepare to deploy a National Missile Def system we would urge you to re ut any single approach that could have the effect of foreclosing the full multitude of options for - comprehensive system mcbltecture We understand that you have received a letter signed by some of our colleagues who qc moving forward with constniction of 8 radar in Alaska Wblle we totally agree with the sentiment that the United States must deploy missile defenses as soon as possible and we understand there is a cue to be made that such a radar is a desirable component of any system we deploy we arc concerned that the single act of cons the radar site at Shemya Island could be used by opponents to argue against developing the kind of layered defense that we believe United States should deploy Many in Congress were seriously concerned during the previous Administration that it would use construction of a land-based site in Alaska as an 'easy out' that ·WOuld seemingly appease missile defense proponents while foreclosin other promising optio including sea and space-based systems Because of the enormous promise sea and space-based options hold for the future· of a National Missile Defense system 11i0h a decision could have the effect of undermining the long-term defense of the United States against ballistic missile attack The political ramifications of a decision to proceed with construction of the Shcmya Island radar absent simultaneous announcements to proceed expeditiously With sea and spacebased programs-for example theprojecttoconvertTiconderoga-elasscndscrsforthemi ssilc defense mission-will be exploited by NMD opp0nents to limit national missile defense to 1be single laud-based site option Russia might utilize the opportunity to agree to the single site and only the single site if public perception was that the Alaska complexrcpre$811ts the extent of our efforts Similarly allied nations opposed to Nltm U d be expected to seek to freem the µ s program if it appears that the Alaska site has priority in the Department of Defense In short the political energy exhaust to attain international acquiescence-if not outright support-for NMD would be wasted if the perception that the Alaska site takes precedence over a more extensive lay ed architecture is permitted to take hold This will particularly be true if missile defense opponents use a favorable change in the status of North Korea's missile programs to argue that the threat of ballistic missile attack has been Vastly dim nished As that threat is not unique to North Korea the effects of such arguments could be debilitating uo 4759 11-L-0559 OSD 91 01 MAR 7 2001 SEN JON KYL No 670 P 3 TI1e Honorable Donald Rumsfeld Page 2 We are not competent to judge the tech11ical merits of a radar at Shemya Wc know it is necessary for a single-site land-based system even as we remain concerned about its potential vulnerability We further understand that the studies done by the Navy to date regarding a $eabased NMD system have been predicated on the assumption that the Shemya radar would l e buiJt A case can also be made for an early deployment of a sea-based system utilizing different radars including X-band aboard different kinds of ships As part of the National Technical Means of Verification to which Cobra Dane has been an integral part the United States lo g maintained missile tracking radars at sea the so-called Cobra Judy radar Building upon tbe experience of operating that system could prove as or more important to the National Missile Defense mission as the Shemya Island program We ask only that you make any decisions about Shemya Island within the context of a far broader program and that if there is a Shcmya component it be clear that it cannot be disaggregated from the other system components We appreciate your taking the time to consider this appeal and look forward to working with you in tie years ahead on this and other issues iinpo11ant to national defense Sincerely · id Represe11tative Curt Weldon J 1'l- Senator Jon Kyl 11-L-0559 OSD 92 snow ake March 9 2001 3 00 AM Wile T0 SF RDML Quinn FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Telephones I need a way to buzz the mess when 1 am sitting at the conference table in of ce and at the lunch table in the lunehroem DHdeh 03090111 1 $44 fAf t Fm 52'ch jaw 7 #07 4d lfc IL m March 9 2001 5 51 PM l ' 'mowflake TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Clinton-Gore Book Is there anything in this Clinton-Gore book that Duncan Hunter put together that could be useful to us in our dealings with OMB and the White House on the budget Attach DHR dh 030901-23 11-L-0559 OSD 94 U05001 01 - _ Memorandum t lt · ·m-oe fen e From Dov S i8kh Subject Clinton-Gore ok Date March 14 2001 Duncan Hunter's book ref your note to me of 9 March is quite good but I believe that we have marshaled the arguments he makes Moreover his statistics tend to be from 1999 and some improvements were realized last year with more anticipated for this year - A marginal note Hunter cites Lane Pierrot's testimony in making his case about modernization shortfalls first tab in book Lane worked for me years ago at DoD and I have suggested we hire her as a special assistant in the conroller' s front office ' - · • ·U 'i _ ' ' I • · • ' 'J 1 - t 1-u c·•w MA 1 2l1CJ U09866 01 11-L-0559 OSD 95 snowflake March 9 2001 TO RDMLQuinn FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 28 P SUBJECT Asymmetric Advantages Ask Andy Marshall to give me a piece of paper that shows what our asymmetric advantages are DHR dh 030901-26 a -rrA 11-L-0559 OSD 96 -' snowflake March 13 2001 ce TO 8 31 AM Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECJ Article Cut Military Gamblin ·· Bere is an article on gambling Does the military have a policy on ambling - Attach DHR dh 031301- uo 68 101 11-L-0559 OSD 97 Cut 1nilita1y garnbl ing en• OW J GEOHGE W BUSH 11 a 1om •IM ci MDW ol lw crJUCS llnd doub1tr b 11alwir w1 c m111cm ly i til •lblt 1-i ' 1d MBl• Jool1 a1 w nauon mll· un 1 1 1 11 in· tnl ChUlt h• v ·ionu a teat ddm1uon oJ n' i11i1111 p1c ob ru 5 1-ir v o n UJ mnm· 1t v 1th lu 1 hc1 pity U1• nuh· Uil ' n1cn aJJ i v •omcn 'no 1''111 IU1v1 4f - artur ob_1rcuv 1-i• wan 10 lallt a vcr l rcl look a1 tlx c o «t nd rll Uvtntss ol Uu 'u ' i 01 Ulf' I' nrl d IC fltlT Y U OUI tnlllnUilll ' bl Jrl ' r tNJ ··· -' OJ 1nuou TJ J• wrlli•tr 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3 l on who u • marhu1c h • '· mlolt p1 t '' lilt k-n 'OJl 1u1111 r G much U1cy arnbk and ltJ ound u1 tmbai _ ntt111 and ol U1t 111 ha bou d rhttlu- u OJOpf t'd ll e µro lt'CI n u¢t1 r o unxlulf lxcJOU 01 t of'u but 1 · whc n u - Jl'lrom ol 1 - -0 - ha no r¢110 µu 1hL• MIJnt 'OUl I' m1b · llol'TUlll» lllf i-c 1 -pt ot ltlllJllllhOO I h 001 UI ou• lov • lha1 tl1r · qw IJ · IOI JIJ tC vropk blot Mi rn r11r 11 1aJllfli lht ILi m td tn rt t it I t u 1• Tbc pro-au h Illar -' ' w k1'· u •Ullf ' lKtUN l1d OI ioro pQH J lAltdard ft · 11 wt1J bf bou r u1 hlld 101 miorhm on ' '' ''a• mi t n· tJV and rompa - i 1ut1a11 10 1 11ar · b our II '' pr csldfn t 10 001 lh1• p1ob1tl'rn- Uu • l i ltU ' U oo mll1wy ba o e lur Wllf' · 'tu lllu u 11r d 1n an OCl1llrc II would alM bt part of lht put'd h di pa •r h 1rCCJtU ' on ht u · m r mcnt •PJ f08Ch Ml hu h ubnnpnJ 10 the ml IJW · vall ol rruo1 All man Lc·n '' ' 1 1 nfUr 5ht IJ d 111 n · Ulllon Kr ll1V1k lrt land i nd in Ult • John Jiup 1 1 o ormrr •·d1101 CllU 111r t ano rold ot an lrr111 1101t QI lfw MonU01 and C'a nrn1111 f'O• · l101CI dumprd C Oln llllCI ro1n IOU• Jut and chw Of 4'TOllfl9 u f• 't'I qi lo1 mar tune oo Ll 11· tr 1ru1Juo1Y 1f' f Jf'M'l f'l f °t'W$ In 5 1JI J n Cuu hA - 11¥ hU •ht WUli MUI no · Wl€ Tllt ' fl' 11-L-0559 OSD 98 snowflake M a rch TO RDML Quinn FROM Donald Rumsfeld 13 2001 8 39 SUBJECT MOU I think we ought to have the legal office type up an understanding between Wolfowitz and me that we will not be out of the city of Washington DC at the same time One of us will always be in the city Our offices will have to coordinate calendars to see that is accomplished DHR dh 031301-5 11-L-0559 OSD 99 AM T H E SECRETARY OF D EFENSE WASHINGTON THE DISTRICT OF C OLUMBIA MEMORANDUM FOR IMMEDIATE OFFI CES OF THE SECRETARY AND DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FROM DONALD H RUMSFELD PAU L WOLFOWITZ SU BJECT t _ __ W - Dual Absence of the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense We have agreed that both of us w ill not be out of the City o f Washington D C and its immediate environs at the same time The Senior Military Assistant to the Secretary of Defense will be responsible for implementing this policy Exceptions wi ll be made only in extraordinary circumstances and will require the Secretary ' s personal approval U05709 01 11-L-0559 OSD 100 OFFICE of DoD GENERAL COUNSEL The Pentagon Room 33980 Washington D C 20301-1600 March 14 2001 NOTE FOR SECRETARY RUMSFELD SUBJECT MOU • Attached is a memo for your and Dr Wofowitz's signatures ££ iJ ePIJd Daniel J Dell'Orto Acting General Counsel 11-L-0559 OSD 101 March 14 2001 TO Dave Jeremiah FROM Donald Rumsfeld 8 18 AM SUBJECT Education Attached is a letter I received from Checker Finn He was Assistant Secretary of Education some years back and is a very thoughtful talented person I don't know what you are thinking about with respect to education but this is somebody who can sure help - Attach DHR dh 031401-4 - U05367A 01 11-L-0559 OSD 102 March 14 2001 8 21 TO David Chu FROM Donald Rumsfeld AM SUBJECT Checker Finn When you get in the saddle please get Checker Finn in for a visit He is first-rate 1 would like him to help us Attach DHR dh 03140 l-5 U0 i36 01 11-L-0559 OSD 103 Matures Chester E FinnORDHAM Chester-E Finn Jr David EPontt Thomals Bolton - Bruce met VicePresment D A Emo m ThomasA Bolton OUTSIDE m son David H Ponita Secretary 1' New mm 5- Ra tch March 12 2001 Honorable and Mrs Donald Rumsfeld blt l Dear Don and Joyce Welcome back to Washington and thanks for your new address information-nd I hope that you're happily settled and that we get to see you sometime If there s anything at all that I or this little foundation can- do to be useful to either of you please sing out I also have two informal offers for the Secretary of Defense First if at some point you would like to take a hard look at the D 0 D overseas schools I d be delighted to lend a hand I think they could be a lot better than they are Second We is actually your employee chief of cardiovascular pathology at a unit ttat may not yet have appeared on your radar screen the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology A F I P Walter Reed but a separate entity Her professional name is 33 6 She's also a world authority on stents such as the one that has been giving the Vice President a little trouble She and her colleagues would welcome an opportunity to tell or' show you what they're up to I suspect you d find it inboresting andrrather different from most of the Pentagon s other concerns Standing by Meanwhile best wishes in the newfold position and to both of you in your new home Cordially ti-r - wearer E Finn - 1 President 162 Street NW Suite 600 Washington DC 20006 Telephone 202 213-5452 Fax 202 223-9226 http r wwmedexoellencemet Puhtiutions 823-14 snowflake March 14 2001 TO ec C D FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Pearl Harbor Foreword 3 00 PM f L Give me a copy of the Schelling Pearl Harbor foreword to Roberta Wohlstetter's book Please send it to the Chairman the Vice Chairman and the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff along with the attached note from me -C 0- Attach DHR dh 03 140 1-20 - U05419 01 11-L-0559 OSD 105 March 15 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz CC Dan Dell'Orto 10 18 AM FROM SUBJECT Delegation of Acquisition and Corporate Decision-making Until I complete the divestitures I have agreed to under my ethics agreement I will continue to delegate responsibility for acquisition matters Now that you are onboard that delegation will be to you and or to other authorities as appropriate Attach DHR dh 031501-4 0 U05440 01 11-L-0559 OSD 106 vi 2r r11 tEP r ··-• 12 rn u·1 '0 5 I 1 OFFICE of DoD GENERAL COUNSEL The Pentagon Room 33980 Washington D C 20301-1600 March 12 2001 NOTE FOR SECRETARY RUMSFELD SUBJECT Delegation of Acquisition and Corporate decision-making In response to your March 7 200 1 note I agree that until your divestitures are completed your delegation of Acquisition and Corporate decision-making matters to Dr Wolfowitz is appropriate WfiWJd Daniel J Dell' Orto Acting General Counsel U05027 01 11-L-0559 OSD 107 March 18 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Ru msfeld9 3 49 PM SUBJECT Army There are two other issues with respect to the Army One is that someone in the Army told me that a test was being prepared to be given to everyone before they could wear a beret I would be careful about that The second is the Army of One advertisements that are connected to the beret You might want to get a hold of the ads and look at them see what you think Then let me know Thanks Attach DHR dh 031801-19 f 0 U05665 01 11-L-0559 OSD 108 ' 'An Anny Of One ' European Stars and Stripes March 15 200 1 I http ebird dtic miVMar2001Je200 I 0316ananny htm Attracting The Interest Of Thousands n U 1et · I' 1 D '· · · · J ----- fy3 'An Army Of One' Attracting The erest Of Thousands By Lisa Burgess Washington Bureau WASHINGTON - The advertisement is stark iconic A close-up of the one item universal to all soldiers a pair of dog tags the required Army values card just peaking out from behind the scratched aluminum a nonregulation locker key adding a touch of realism To the right in bold Army gold is the service' s new slogan I am an Army of one An Army of one the core around which the Army has built its new $ 150 million a year advertising campaign is the result of thousands of hours of public and private research into the minds of the Army' s target audience youths between 16 and 20 years old But the concept is causing howls of protest from some quarters primarily serving Army members and Army retirees There has ALWAYS been the one quote that holds true 'There is no I in team ' Dennis J Schley an 1 1-year veteran of the Army and National Guard who currently coaches varsity hockey in Brooklngs S D wrote in a letter to the editor in Stars and Stripes The military which is made up of over approximately 1 million soldiers is one of the largest teams in the world Why would they introduce a slogan that promotes ' only me' This slogan is useless Schley concluded Not to the target audience Army officials counter In fact the slogan is carefully tailored to appeal to today ' s teenagers - a very different group of individuals than their predecessors the baby boomers and Generation X according to Pat Lafferzy account director for Leo Burnett in Chicago the Army's new advertising agency and the creators of An Army of One Today' s youths want to be part of a team to be part of something larger than themselves Laff rty said What they don ' t want to be are faceless robots lost in a mass 'Army of One' concisely states what the Army uniquely offers empowerment that comes from being challenged mentally physically and emotionally from day one into doing things that you didn' t think you could do Lafferty said As important as the words are the images the campaign features Lafferty said about their jobs in their own words real soldiers talking What the new campaign does not mean to suggest is a group of do-it-my-way loners said Col Kevin 3 16 016 06 Ah4 l of3 11-L-0559 OSD 109 http ebird dtic mil Mar200 'An Army Of One' Attracting The Interest Of Thousands l e200 I 03 l 6ananny htrn Kelley director of advertising and public affairs for the Army's Recruiting Command at Fort Knox Ky An Army of one means one Army one team one mission and one set of values Kelley said It s about how every person can contribute to the team The complaints are almost exclusively from adults beyond Army recruiting age not the target audience Kelley said It seems as though the older people latch right in on the word 'one ' Kelley said The youth read the whole message They're getting it It's too early for recruitment statistics based on the new campaign to register Kelley said But visiits to the Army's recruiting website BOLDFACE www goarmy com BOLDFACE show the new campaign is generating a buzz with its target audience From Jan 1-9 before the ad campaign was unveiled the Army site was averaging 7 300 visitors per day Kelley said After the Jan 10 launch the number of visitors climbed to 14 000 per day for the rest of January In February after the basic training component of the ad campaign was rolled out the number of visitors to the Army site now stands at 28 000 per day Kelley said The Army of One campaign replaces Be all you can be a campaign that the Army had faithfully stuck with since its launch in 198 1 -_ In 2000 with recruitment lagging Army Secretary Louis Caldera decided to see whether the Army's ad campaign was still getting its message across He commissioned an internal study from the Rand 'Corp which included interviews of more than 10 000 young people discussing their view of the Army The Rand study revealed discouraging news The subjects said that they kind ofrespect the military they think it's a good thing to have but they don't think it's for them Kelley said Furthermore the study showed that the very people the Army hoped to count on as its future leaders perceived Army life as an endless dreary round of sleeping in tents in the field crawling around in the mud and mindlessly taking orders Lafferty said As for Be all you can be the Rand study showed that campaign was tired in the eyes of our target Kelley said There was good recall of the slogan but it didn't motivate the target to take action After winning the Army's recruiting advertising contract in the summer of 2000 Leo Burnett conducted its own preliminary research based on more than 100 interviews of target-age youth Next Lafferty a former Army officer with seven years' experience in the military police sent 50 of the agency's Army account team members to 10 different Army installations to get a first-hand look at Army life The Army of One campaign was the result of a whittling-down process in which Leo Burnett would propose a concept consult with the Army test the idea on a target audience for reaction then go back to 3 16 01 6 06 AM 2of3 11-L-0559 OSD 110 'An Anny Of One' Attracting The Interest Of Thousands http ebird dtic mil Mar2001 Ve200 I 0316anarmy htm the drawing board to refine the idea based on that feedback Lafferty said No matter what the actual words it was rapidly apparent that the Army needed to focus on one core thought These youth have a strong desire to be a part of something bigger than themselves and doing something that makes a difference Kelley said 3 16 0 I 6 06 AM 3 of3 11-L-0559 OSD 111 March 18 2001 3 52 PM' TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfe d 1 SUBJECT Taiwan Take a look at this WSJ editorial on Taiwan and let's visit about it Attach DHR dh 031801-20 -- f D Qt 11-L-0559 OSD 112 1 w 1 _ REvmw 1 r ¥ ' - t -- ·· · · · · ·· · · - · ··· ' · · · ·l · · c - ftj r · · o r fd 11 1' 1akes' ' - ' · ' ' · · · - l · J f' 1 1 - · · '•r f' - - ' · · · -r v r · · 1 · 14 rotect1ng Ta1wan ta ¥i li - - -·' rA· rn t ' S o'·u o' t ' ' · · ·' · · · · · - '-'lf -ii 1 e - 'lt President Bush's unabashed cxim-· the·· 'tsia rid s· idefenses''again t this · _ ' ··· ·'' ··' · '' 1 - t · WlKment mtssue defense Js already tbreatarellDlJted ·The u s should not · Impression •SlllYing big dJvtdends In a tum or- - ' only selJ ' ' Taiwan antisubmarine ·· · · · ' iq •r• 1 I p · · ' t A - ' · r that seemed highly improbable Planes but it should allow othercounJj · ' 1J ents · tafewmonthsago mucho Europe ·tries to sell diesel subs to Taiwan This sla ·and now· China have · toned_ _ has been ruled out in the past because their protests a rJd agreed to dis '_subs are Classed as offensive weapons the issue Indeed Mr Bush s mis- a distfnction· that has never made · • defense inJtlatlve Is sure to be high n iuch sense ·'• - · f• '' · 1 _ •• ' · list I talking points next eek - But the best eaponry in the world i China ssenlor fot eignpoµcyo ' won't matter without first-rate anned · Cia1 visitsWashlnif n· · · forces to use them And here Taiwan i#t 11 But Mr Bu sh tsn t the oiily one here could also use some help When the twl o deserves credit B ljln b ti I_ e g a rup Y U S andotheri o tr1es swi eddlplo · n its tune o ' stle def · matte rec gmti on to' Be1Jmg d ys after the' ' · ' · tary-to-m1htary llnks were cut drasti 'f ease of a Senate · cally Taiwan has been isolated for so ' ' ·igrii ' i e1 ' long that it missed out on many ad destroyers and vances that would allow _ Uo use its cM er advanced forces to grea ter effect 11apons systems T e quest10n then 1s whether Tai· wan Makeno wan is ready to SP end a huge propor-mistake China' s 10n of its acqms1t10ns budget m com lftders still con· mg years on Aegis destroyers They · · m1ss1 · ·1 e de Uler Mr Bush's cou Id p Jay a use fuI mIem ifieater and na· · fense because they are capable of al missile de- Chen S _ tracking and intercepting rnwtiple mis se programs a· A misted partner siles But 01 1 the negative side lntegrat· i111 at But they are more th willing ini these high-tech systems would rej trade on an issue that ultimately quire tremendous resources and proj y have no control over to block the tect g them after the y take up their L4i11Jlediate sale of sophisticated weap role m the Taiwan Strait will p se more iQnry to Taiwan challenges · ·- i-1 If the White House decides to go qne i ea might b e fo the B u h Ad ji Mlad with the sale it's sure to make remm1stratlon to postpone a dec1s10n on l fion ith B ljing stormy for a spell Aegis It cou d tell the Ghi J ese it will 1l'hat m itself 1s no argument against watch the bmldup of missiles on the 'the sale Indeed the BushAdminlstra- Fujian coast and predicate future sales · tti h would do well to set out a marker on the state of the military balance Aethat it won't continue its predecessor's gis would be ol d if it appears China 'practice of placating Chma The U S wants to use missiles to overwhelm Tai· has an obligation under the Taiwan Re- wanese defenses This would give lations Act to provide adequate weap- China an i centive i iot to give free rein ons so the island can defend itself Two to the Chmese military hard-lmers of the key Chinese threats are ballistic who are driving the Beling·Taipei missiles and submadnes For both the arms race Of course such an ultimaU S should sell more of the weapons tum would rely on U S ' credibility ' Taiwan needs to neutralize the Chmese which has been down by the Clinthreat ton Administration But this would ofThe Chinese military has about 250 fer a chance f r re ident Bush tor relatively inaccurate missiles sta- build that cred1b1hty m the face of Ch1tioned along the coast opposite Tai- nese bluster wan and it is adding to that number at The U S cannot afford to let a a rate of more than 50 a year These newly democratic Taiwan be bullied could be used against Taiwan's air- into any settlement with China that its fields as part of an all-out attack or people do not accept Preserving Taithey could be targeted at cities as a wan 's political options means bolsterform of psychological warfare The ing its defenses as long as China reU S has already provided some lower- fuses to renounce the use of -force tier missile defense by selling the sec- Hardware is important to that task but ond-generation Patriot and transfer- software is just as critical President ring technology for Taiwan's own Sky Chen Shui·bian has shown himself ' to Bow in return for Taiwan abandoning be a moderate and responsible partner efforts to develop ballistic missiles for the U S in this effort Only bY open· Mr Bush should now offer Taiwan the Ing new ties between the two militaries i' third generation of Patriots China's can Taiwan be prepared for the high· Russian-built Kilo-class submarines tech weaponry that it may need to ac· are patrolling the Taiwan Strait and quire in the years ahead ' - · ·J · · l·1 t1' Jl - e ·1 · · - -i ' - 1 • · · J·· ·· · ' ' · · • ·· · _ · Successions and Science The president of the Memorial that Nancy Thurmond had sent a letter 11-L-0559 OSD 113 7 - · _n -1- -'7 - 1 Japan's a ' 111 the Nasdaq looks Ii London after e blitz and his boss's t cut hangs in th balance So whatdld Trt e f i Wadofu e g m mo --· urrtnr President Bush ti r quickly ' on M•Jobal - · climate cbang Among other w np ' Mr O'N- IU vouc safed tliat1 Al u know I think this co1 bea·veryclrp blem 1hememoreco mended that Bush establish a panel experts on e issue ·mention1ng 1' nenbyname i ho'd b justas D1fortat man Al Gore Wh te House -' • · Does anyane think this ts· why h O'NeW was named America's financ cbiet _ · - · • ' '· i Mr Bush's idectsion this week not regulatecarbm dioxideikrightlyseen a rebuke to ellVironment chief Christi lbdd WhitmanJBut it's also a quietreb1 to Mr O'Neill -rho's off to a rough start a job that's IJt come a very hot seat f reasons other lli aJJ greel llOuse gas Mr O'Neill ays he oJiposed classl fyi C02 lmmedlately as a pollutant My oth sources sax tluU's true but they add th Treasury fav amiddle-groundoPti that would ha le kept such reg llatlon the table for tile future ·· We viewed that as the worst optto because it meant regulation was a CE ' ' IPotoma Watc · ' 1 · · · By Paul A Gig ' talnty sooner or later says onelnsid Opponents ed that tnelnevitablebar em to fossil- I production would me the end of any ush energy policy So h 115hrejected t be Treasury optiontoo 1 mg with Wldtte House economic air Lawrence Lhjdsey Energy Secreta· S_pence Abrah and V Ce PresidentDI Cheney In any event Mr O'Nellrs memo tor president reveals some of the traits th have madehtjn an early admlnlstratt• weak spot Ont Is a political tin ear The Trea chief created his flr buzz by tellln t e Senate that Mr Bust tax cut wasn't esigned for short-term et nomk stlm He was r ght but th didn't win · 'any WhlteHouse lrudc Then Mr O'N lswipedatthememory Reaganomics His words were later usr by Senate Deniocratlc leaderTomDasch· to flay Mr Bush's tax cuts on national T Next the er CEO invited and r ceived a voile ofliberal criticism by hoi ing onto SlOO ·won worth of Alcoa sto• ano options ¥r O'Neill has promised recuse himself rf'rom matters that couldt feet Alcoa anl no doubt he will But the decision shows Mr O'Ne doesn't under tand why his boss won ti ection Mr• mlsed to set a dlffe · · · · · · ·· ent ethical tone ar · iiii • ' · his A le o a hOldlr gives Democrats chance to say 'not lng's changed AS for t O'Nelll's memo to h Bush what leaps ' the oaire is the I'n snowflake March 22 2001 TO Steve Herbits cc Rudy de Leon FROM 'ijlvi DonaldU ' iL Rumsfeld SUBJECT Foot and Mouth 9 38 AM - - 0 - Ann Veneman called and said the foot and mouth disease problem is getting worse They now think they have found it in Ireland and the Netherlands She is sending us a letter expressing concern about the risk of military equipment coming back into the United States particularly tractors and the need for cleaning these vehicles Why don' t you have Rudy look into it and get back to us DHR dh 032201-9 U05908 01 11-L-0559 OSD 114 snowflake TO Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE March 26 2001 SUBJECT Andy Marshall Paper i ' i When you read Andy's paper under the section on training he suggests consideration of a joint national training center Take a look at that and tell me what you think Also in the section on unmanned systems tell me what you think DHRJazn 0326 01 08 • 5 11-L-0559 OSD 115 UO 6204 I 01 TO Chris Williams CC Paul Wolfowitz General Shelton FROM Donald Rumsfe1cty·fl DATE March 26 2001 t C ' 0 t If SUBJECT Honduras I understand we still have some 576 personnel and 19 helicopters in Honduras It has been 14 or 15 years Why don't we wind it down to a small minimum group to maintain access to the base and get the rest of the folks out of there DHR azn 032601 2 1 n f i i07 11-L-0559 OSD 116 I 01 snowflake TO Bill Schneider Steve Cambone Chris Williams Paul W olfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE March 26 2001 - l fl- SUE JECT Take a look at this memo that you have all heard and make any edits you think would improve it or make it more accurate DHR azn 032601 52 11-L-0559 OSD 117 U0 6 2 138 I 0 1 DRAFT-2 March 20 20f 1 SUBJECT The Challenge-the Importance of Succeeding After two months on the job it is clear that the Defense establishment is tangled in its anchor chain In short it will be possible to transform the Armed Forces for the 21st century only if we transform the Department-how it operates and how it interacts with the Congress We have the finest military in the world but GAO opines that DoD can't account for some 2 6 trillion dollars We have been fortunate in attracting and retaining outstanding men and women who voluntarily put their lives at risk to perform the noble work of defending our country but we are providing them with training equipment and exercises that are more appropriate for the Cold War than they will be for the coming decades DoD is one of the largest enterprises on earth but its leadership has precious little control left over the dollars Managers at all levels have no incentive to save dollars and in large part lack the ability to hire fire or rewru d those who bring the critically needed skills DoD is charged with the vital task of defending our nation but spends it S time • Preparing some 250-plus reports to Congress each year many of which are of marginal value and probably are not read Responding to dozens of inquiries of concern or complaint from Congressional offices and answering dozens of letters from Members Per day • Seeking Congressional approval to build even a $500 000 building and at great expense and waste maintaining probably some 20-25% more facilities than are required to support current force levels The Department is monitored closely by the General Accounting Office several Inspectors General and a testing organization all of which report to Congress with the result that the Department has so many auditors and inspectors roughly 24 000 on any given day that they begin to approximate the number of U S Army trigger pullers deployed at any one time 11-L-0559 OSD 118 DRAFT-2 The single most important responsibility of the federal government is to preserve freedom but as DoD strives to contribute to that important goal it has • Leftover personnel policies many of which were designed to manage ia conscript force of single men but now manage a volunteer force with families • Several personnel systems that enlist its workforces for four-year tours as opposed to bringing them onboard for a career • Policies that uproot personnel and families every few years to move to new assignments and then shove most out of the service while still ini their 40 's after extensive training and having benefited from their fine services for only one-half of their careers • Policies that commission officers train them and then bounce them a pd their families from assignment to assignment every 20 to 25 months or so to the point that successful officers skip across the tops of the wa s so fast that even they can't learn from their own mistakes because they are never in an assignment long enough to see what their mistakes were and then they push them out to retirement betw en the ages of 45 and 55 while still in their prime • Benefit and assistance programs for military personnel that some say emulate the failed Soviet model of centralized government systems for housing commissaries healthcare and education rather than favoring the private sector competitive models that are the envy of the world • Three separate Post Exchange systems with a law that prohibits the Department from consolidating them without the explicit approval of the Congress • Three or four different health systems and three or four surgeons general rather than a single privately operated service that any efficient large-scale enterprise would employ • Grade and rank systems that are more than 100 years old and were rejected years ago by the for-profit sector in favor of flatter more nuanced organizations and cooperative arrangements • Financial management and information systems designed to report to Congress and comply with the maze of laws amendments and requirements that have grown geometrically and accumulated over decades rather than a system designed to provide the financial information managers must have to manage 2 11-L-0559 OSD 119 DRAFT-2 • Rules regulations and approval requirements calculated to guarantee that the Defense establishment infrastructure remains decades behind in recapitalization rather than the more efficient models most companies and even the Postal Service use that include private outsourcing and i sale lease back arrangements • Organizations and practices that rigorously perpetuate separateness a$ the Department talks jointness • A DOD-fashioned acquisition system that in close cooperation with Congress and the defense contractor community has been successful in doubling the time it takes to produce a weapon system from 5 to 10 years while the pace for new generations of technology has shortened from years to 18 months guaranteeing that DoD's newest weapons will be one or more technology generations old the day they are fielded Today's leading edge fighter has software a decade old • A pattern of talking of a warrior culture while sliding from what some estimate as a 60 40 teeth-to-tail ratio to a 40 60 ratio the perception depends on what is classified as teeth • Metrics more focused on inputs efforts and intentions than on outputs and results It is notable that in 1975 the Defense Authorization Act totaled 75 pages today packed with requirements prohibitions stipulations and mandated organizations it has blossomed to 998 pages during a period when the number of men and women in the armed forces has dropped from 2 1 million to 1 4 million Only a fraction of the Department's resources are under the discretion of management This untenable situation has undoubtedly evolved as a result of a series of instances of distrust between the Congress and the Department The result is not better oversight Instead each new layer of control and micromanagement compounds the problem of accountability From a practical standpoint the DoD no longer has the authority to conduct the business of the Department and its performance is steadily deteriorating The maze of constraints on the Department forces it to operate in a manner so slow so ponderous and so inefficient that whatever it ultimately does will inevitably be a decade or so late wasteful of taxpayer dollars and most certainly lead to still more letters and calls from Congress critical hearings and reports followed by a still greater number of amendments restrictions and requirements I Transforming the US Armed Forces is a critically important task However transforming how the Department of Defense functions and its 3 11-L-0559 OSD 120 DRAFT-2 relationship with Congress is even more important Without transforming the Department the transformation of the armed forces is not possible What may be needed is an omnibus BRAC-like process to reform this critical relationship and then a compact so any new controls requirements reports and regulations will have a sunset provision Notwithstanding the fact that we have outstanding people who care about our country in the Congress and working throughout the Defense Department doing what they believe to be their best and none of whom would knowingly damage national interest that is our circumstance But when the national interest is obscured when there have been too many instances which led to distrust when all see increased special pleading and pork' by others and when there have been too many instances where the will of the Congress was frustrated the system loses discipline To change we need to seize the high ground honestly expose the situation and the state of the relationship document the inability of the Department to function and by so doing marshal support and inspire key decision makers with the importance of the task and the urgent need for change It has taken decades of small then logical or at least understandable individual acts to create a situation where in the aggregate the acts prevent the Department froni serving the national interest Large institutions can't turn on a dime And no large institution willingly reforms itself Resistance to change will be great To accomplish the task will take the best efforts of the President the military and civilian leadership in the Department and importantly the leaders and Members of the House and Senate Each President has available during his term only the capabilities left by his predecessor So too what he does and the capabilities he tasks will be available not just to him but to his successors It is our challenge and responsibility to get about the enormous task of transforming this great national asset that is needed to preserve peace and stability in our still dangerous untidy and dynamic world The country and the men and the women of the Armed Forces who put lives at risk deserve no less It is our collective responsibility to see that it happens tleir DHR dh 031801-23 2 i 11-L-0559 OSD 121 4 TO Steve Cambone Paul Gebhard FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE March 26 2001 vf- SUBJECT Manpower Attached is a memo I received on the subject of manpower Take a look at it and tell me if you think one of our task forces is looking at that and then return it to me Thank you DHR azn 032601 67 Attach 11-L-0559 OSD 122 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY S J'f u '7 c_ ffl ID Hh f' ' a e 16 JJt6J$£ CM ff ' is IY - v -e · h# J t CMnhfl z S Jt c IM-1 -· JA I Jr J-1 ''ff fi PF s j upd s ' Nr n y 1 2 _ 71 t -J J 1#c a rfr° d' sj r vu 5 t I t S _ J lp 7 T t n' r dt1Vr r 9 UM 1MS1 t1 G1 11-L-0559 OSD 123 I VR snowflake - TO Commandant of the Marine Corps James L Jones FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE March 26 2001 Y 1 - SUBJECT Thank you for the information n your safety campaign plan I'll be back in touch with you on some additional thoughts DHR am 032601 10 11-L-0559 OSD 124 U0621Q 101 March 27 2001 TO Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 29 AM SUBJECT BAH I am told we can only change BAH once a year and with the California energy crisis it is a problem That might be a law we want to adjust I got that from the senior enlisted folks Thanks DHR dh 032701-10 I 11-L-0559 OSD 125 • _ • · ' •• - OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE A '1 26 2001 MEMO FOR T0 cur-JV taqm 570 TI-IRU l l 36'5 1 Please forward these memos from SecDef to the addressees along with their associated attachments 2 NOTE Some attachments are comprised of previous SecDef memos p1ease take care that these memos do not get separated out and then sent again They are part of the attachments 3 Please control a file copy No further action or coordination is required at this time am 26 March 27 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz CC Rudy de Leon Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 46 A G l A SUBJECT Endangered Wildlife When we start racking up the DoD we ought to include the fact that we spend $900 million a year to protect nurture and enhance endangered wildlife becaus military b ases are one of the few places where wildlife can still go and that is n t a DoD function Thanks DHR dh 032701-17 U07226 101 11-L-0559 OSD 127 _ snowflake t 1 March 29 2001 '¢tt ec · TO FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Shimon Peres 7 15 Have I written Shimon Peres on his new post as Foreign Minister Thanks Jd ' DHR dh 032901-I - l1 2 Wi ftufvM LE17€ l I A u' 11-L-0559 OSD 128 snowflake - March 29 2001 6 31 PM £ y l _ ExecSec TO FROM Donald Rumsfel SUBJECT Revised Text for DCI Letter MEMORANDUM FOR DIRECTOR CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY SUBJECT Director National Reconnaissance Office NRO and Undersecretary of the Air Force You requested a summary of the duties and responsibilities for the Director NRO position I have attached such a summary 1 have also included some attributes of a candidate that seem to make sense to us As you know this is critically important to our efforts here at DoD Our folks here have been visiting with Mr Al Smith for the position of Undersecretary of the Air Force and Director NRO I have attached his background sheet 1 am sure many of your colleagues know him I would appreciate your getting back to me with your thoughts as to the duties and qualifications for the Director NRO and also any observations you m y have with respect to Mr Smith We have not formally put him forward at the White House as yet and will await hearing from you Thanks Attachment As stated - DHR dh 032901-26 11-L-0559 OSD 129 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 1000 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON DC 20301-1000 - ' MEMORANDUM FOR DIRECTO ENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY SUBJECT Director National Re onnaissance Office NRO Attachment As stated 0 11-L-0559 OSD 130 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 1000 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON DC 20301-1000 MEMORANDUM FOR DIRECTOR CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY SUBJECT Coordination on Recommendation to the President for position of Director NRO Attached is a Duties and Qualifications summary for the Director NRO position As you well know our space and intelligence operations are at the center of our building for the future We have been fortunate to attract Al Smith to accept the position of Undersecretary of the Air Force including the responsibilities of Director NRO His bio is also attached but I am sure many of your colleagues know AL I would appreciate your support for this position so that I may forward it to the White House Please let me know Attachment As stated 0 11-L-0559 OSD 131 March 30 2001 TO Bruce Dauer FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Allocation for Breast Cancer 11 36 A1'1f I have been over the paper on nontraditional defense programs Thanks so muc I was surprised to find that there was no $300 million allocation for breast cancer which I had been told was the case Why not Thanks DHR dh 033001-18 0 U06616 01 11-L-0559 OSD 132 snowflake March 30 2001 FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Memos to the President 12 59 P Please get me copies of all the memos I have sent to the President since I came into this job Thanks DHR dh 03300 l-29 - 11-L-0559 OSD 133 UO 6 7 2 I 01 TO Andy Marshall Gen Shelton Bill Schneider Steve Cambone Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld · DATE April 2 2001 SUBJECT Military Manpower I received the attached letter from a friend who is a retired four-star I would be interested in your thoughts on it Thanks so much DHR azn 040201 04 Attach U12580 11-L-0559 OSD 134 02 I ' Dear Mr Secretary As you indicated in your luncheon remarks the total costs associated with manpower recruiting pay bencfiLc health care quality of life and retirement arc consuming an ever-larger part of the defense budget This is happening at a time when we need to recapitalize the forces with more modem and capable equipment In my view we have lost our way because we have forgotten the fundamental principles upon which this nation founded its military establishment Our forefathers based on their view of the dangers and costs of such a force deliberately decide cl to eschew a large standing military establishmcnl Throughout most of our history we have followed the militia model Under this model we maintained a cadre of a professional military around which we mobilized our militia in times of crises This model served the nation imperfectly but well up through the first half of the 20Lh Century With the advent of the Cold WaI the militia model was discarded primarily as a result of the tyranny of timelines imposed by a large standing threat to the peace of Europe the Soviet led Warsaw Pact and the specter of global Communism Those of us who served during that period remember the requirement to be able to deploy 10 divisions to Europe in 10 days to augment the large forward deployed force in blunting an anticipated attack by the Warsaw Pact This requirement dictated the size and composition of the active force and resulted in a large standing military establishment with heavy land forces comprising much the force When the Cold War ended and the Warsaw Pact disintegrated as a nation we missed the opportunity to review our true defense needs at the grand strategy level The previous Bush administration was starting that process when Saddam triggered the gulf War Coming out of the Gulf War we had another opportunity to do a top to bottom review of national security needs However the change in administration to one led by a President and civilian defense team tainted by a lack of military experience resulted in a missed opportunity over the next eight years The Clinton defense team chose not to challenge the uniformed leadership throughout a series of reviews Bottom Up Review Roles and Missions Review QDR For a variety of reasons natural conservatism service parochialism fear of the unknown the senior military leadership insisted on perpetuating the planning assumptions and timelincs of the Cold War force This was done by having the civilian leadership accept the concept of determining the size and readiness of the force on the need to be prepared to fight two major conflicts quickly and nearly simultaneously Two major theater wars TMWs became the unshakable Underpinning for perpetuating a large standing military force The result was a salami slicing approach to force structure reduction but no real effort to take advantage of the lack of a real threat and capabilities coming out of the revolution in military affairs RMA At the same time the administration decided that if a sizable 11-L-0559 OSD 135 I I military force existed it would be used to police the world The senior uniformed leadership became willing accomplices in these misadventures If the new Bush Administration is to break out of the pattern of the last eight years it must by articulating a new national security strategy based on different timelines and force requirements The centerpiece of such a strategy would be the idea that we can have a smaller active force particularly land forces if we return to our militia roots Such a strategy would allow reductions in all the services The money saved can re-capitalize the force and support a robust ability to project force from the CONUS a few forward bases and from the sea The tools emerging from the RMA that allowed us to prevail in Serbia and Kosovo and keep Saddam in the box in the Middle East along with a combined robust space based and air breathing reconnaissance surveillance and intelligence capability will allow us to detect and deter trouble before it becomes conflict lf deterrence fails the response will be long-range strike assets followed by mobilization Inherent in such a strategy is the idea that if the threat cannot be defeated by the initial responses it will be contained until land forces can be mobilized and fall in on equipment The necessary mobility assets tankers and sea and air transports will receive priority in the modernization program Timelines might be more on the WW11 model but wi1 h far more capable and credible early responders and modem equipment available for the forces being mobilized sLart Concurrent with new national security strategy it would be helpful if tie administration adopted new policies to neutralize the underpinnings of the two MTW startegy Clearly the current Iraqi policy sanctions and continual force deployments to police the no 11y zones are failing A policy shift that modifies the approach to sanctions and withdraws US forces from parts of the region would send a strong signal to the countries of the region In e sencc we would make Saddam an Arab problem not an American problem Before withdrawing our forces from the region we should make it clear to his neighbors that they must deal with him and if they can not or do not wish to take him on when challenged then they must be willing to admit the first responders from the U S ln the case of North Korea it appears that the way to neutralize that threat is to support South Korea's efforts to bring the North out of it's isolation Any U S hard-line policy helps perpetuate the regime in the North and generates a threat which justifies keeping U S active force structure for that single scenario A policy of active US engagement combined with South Korea's Sunshine Policy allows us to monitor the situation and determine capabilities and intent That in turn will allow us to properly size our forces A business as usual approach that depends on savings from BRAC process changes and more minor force structure adjustments will be inadequate generate the resources needed to modernize and shape the forces for now and the future Significant savings can only come from manpower reductions that make sense within a new National Security Strategy Putting on my old programmer hat J can sec BRAC potentially generating savings of $1 - $3 billion dollars per year undefined process changes perhaps $5 billion and another salami slice of force structure $2-$5 billion On the other hand a reduction 11-L-0559 OSD 136 ' of 350 000 soldiers sailors marines and airman assuming a 1to4 o1Ticer to enlisted ratio would generate approximately $22 billion yr and provide the opportunity to gain additional BRAC and force structure savings Trecognize this is an over simplification of the challenges faced by the administration in general and the Defense Department in particular However until the civilian leadership takes the lend in articulating a bold new National Security Strategy that breaks the tyranny of outdated response timelines the uniformed leadership and their political allies will resist any meaningful transformation efforts A strategy that is based on one of the fundamental founding principlcs of the United States the militia concept should appeal to a wide range of constituents 11-L-0559 OSD 137 II I I UV ' VU I -' '-' • U'-' snowflake TO II •l _l 1 9 · ·• n i t Rudy de Leon General Shelton FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE April 2 2001 SUBJECT Quality of Life I keep hearing that we could save money and do a better job for dependent schools healthcare recreational facilities and quality of life if we consolidated some army and air force bases in Europe Has there been a study on that recently Please let me know your thoughts Thanks DHRJun 040201 06 9Z r t ' 1-- - - i •• U08911 161 11-L-0559 OSD 138 snowflake TO General Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld 3 April 5 2001 DATE SUBJECT King Abdullah Would you please see that I am advised on the matters that King Abdullah want d me to be informed on Thank you DHR azn 040501 21 11-L-0559 OSD 139 uo1p4s 101 snowflake April 6 2001 TO General Tom Schwartz HQ U S Forces Korea FROM Donald Rumsfel 8 10 A - SUBJECT Strategy Review Thanks so much for the feedback you provided on the defense strategy paper I do appreciate it and will see that Andy Marshall has a copy and focuses on you r fine suggestions DHR dh 040601-1 J c 11-L-0559 OSD 140 uo11st 101 - V-rd itl - ti r • ' r snowflake April 7 2001 TO f 4 29 P 11 Donald R umsfeld-j' I - Pele Aldrldp ' SUBJECT Commission on Out sourcing Walker from GAO says there is a statutorY commisSion on oU1IOUrCina and he ii anxious to tµive you serve on it for the Department It is your call TharW DHR dh 040701·1 TOTAL P 02 11-L-0559 OSD 141 ' llTHE AEROSPACE CORPORATION TELEFAX COVER SHEET E C Aldridge_ Jr Chief Exacutlwt Officer Date 4 9 01 TO The Hon Donald H Rumsfelct Fax Phone Secretary Of Defense U S Department Of Defense 703 697-8339 703 692-7100 FROM Mr E C •Pete 11 Aldrldge Jr Fax Phone Chief Executive Officer The Aerospace Corporation 703 812-9332 703 812 0606 00 No of Pages 2 _ _ __ each including Cover Sheet --------------------------------- --------------- -------- --------- - Corporate Offic11 2350 Eur El Segundo Blvd El Segundo CA 902'5- 6891 Mail P O Box 92957 Los Angeles ------- 4 90009· 2957 Phone 310 358-6872 FfX 310 338·5703 Washington Corporate Office 1000 Wilson Blvd Ste 2600 Arlin ton VA 22209 Phone 703 812-0606 I Fax 703 112-9112 11-L-0559 OSD 142 • snowflake April 9 2001 TO General Tom Schwartz HQ U S Forces Korea FROM Donald Rumsfeld t0 16AMI SUBJECT Strategy Review As I have indicated the materials you sent in were exceedingly helpful I thought your suggestions on the paper were first rate Your memo on how to rebuild trust is an excellent outline and I can assure you I will see that those thoughts are communicated to the folks here We will try to ge to work on them I I also appreciate your paper on incentives and will see that gets moved to the righ people I Thanks so much for your very thoughtful work DHR dh 040901-12 U07333 1101 11-L-0559 OSD 143 snowflake April 9 2001 TO General Franks FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Comments on Strategy Review 1 l l3AM f'- Thanks so much for your very thoughtful comments on April 1 with respect to the paper you read w oO - Your suggestions will be fed into the process I certainly appreciate them and value the source as well as the quality of the suggestions DHR dh 040901-14 0 U0733 01 11-L-0559 OSD 144 · snowflake TO Paul Gebhard Steve Herbits Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE April 9 2001 SUBJECT Authorization Bill Here's a chart that shows the pages in the Authorization Bill since I was here last in 19 1 5 We need to consider possibly a chart when I do my presentation to the Congress We should have some charts that show that DHR azn 040901 15 Attach 01 11-L-0559 OSD 145 '- Pages in Defense Bills vs Strength 12 8 4 4 War Dept Bills 0 0 1945 I- 1950 Mil ES - 1962 DoD Auth Bills - 1975 DoD Appn Bills 1945 • Military ES exceeded 12 million • War Department Civil Appropriations - 7 pages • Naval Appropriations 32 pages • Military Appropriations - 24 pages • Appropriations for War Agencies - 15 pages • Excludes miscellaneous Defense appropriations 1947 National Security Act established Department of Defense 1950 First DoD Appropriation Bill - 42 pages • Authorization committees debated policy passed no bill 1962 First Defense Authorization Bill - 1 page 1975 • Defense Authorization bill - 10 pages • Defense Appropriation bill - 21 pages 000 1 3 million end strength down 88 % from 1945 Defense Authorization bill - 464 pages • Defense Appropriation bill - 72 pages 11-L-0559 OSD 146 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE The llllltmy Assistant ff 'C qq Ye 7e O N 4 s e v 'C Vcc l t ­ oF' a-nrA S£ d tt S 774 '1 s 5 '1l t 1 6' 4d 50uL£ c r ' A d7C -I ' 71 c cE S d-fC C Y c£ s If Or B Sr C Y7- r '7 A sr- e # 'lbt c' j'4t S S V I -7 sv Roy R Byrd C'A loneJ USMC Viii istant to the SecDet 11-L-0559 OSD 147 A April 9 2001 12 50 PM 1'57 TO General Hugh Shelton 5' 4 IE Ll Tit- i r' FROM Donald Rumsfeld v - orDEFErtss SUBJECT March 30 Memo I was looking over your March 30 memo commenting on Andy Marshall s work Could you please have your staff try to address the areas that you think need additional emphasis For example under at the bottom of your rst page it 1' says that the strategic objectives the ends are not sufficiently de ned to allow us to derive ways and means Could you come up with some speci c examples of that and your own suggestions The same thing with respect to item With respect to I think it would be helpful if you listed some examples With respect to I quite agree with you that the likelihood of surprise is understated Thanks Attach 04090 1-20 WW0 We SEEDE X00012 01 snowflake April 9 2001 TO Paul Gebhard cc Paul W olfowitz Steve Herbits Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld 1 59 P - SUBJECT New Categories Attached is a memo that suggests some new categories Who should get this Any thoughts Attach DHR dh 040901-33 U07309 01 11-L-0559 OSD 149 A STAB AT NEW CATEGORIES 1 LAND 1 Homeland Defense forces that are here strategy NMD anti·CBW anti-terrorist 2 SEA 2 Regional Forces forces that are ''there presence forces land sea air TMD SOF etc 3 SOF 3 Long Range Forces forces from here to there bombers subs mobility 4 TACAIR 4 Space and Support intel recce etc 11-L-0559 OSD 150 snowflake April 9 2001 TO Rudy de Leon CC Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Inspectors General 4 10 P · Do we really need all these inspectors general Why don' t we have one for the Department of Defense and one for each of the services and let them handle the rest of these activities Any thoughts Thanks Attach 4 3 Memo from Mr de Leon DHR dh 040901-48 11-L-0559 OSD 151 U07 9 01 I 1 snowflake • April 10 2001 TO Steve Herbits FROM Donald Rumsfeld 7 34 AM 7 SUBJECT Collins' Memo What do you think I should do with this Collins' memo I look at it and I don't know what to do with it Thanks Attach 3 2 01 Collins' Memo Key Points onCSIS Military Culture Study DHR dh 041001-20 -0 Ul2598 02 11-L-0559 OSD 152 • Joseph J Collins March 2 2001 Memorandum for Secretary of Defense Subject Key Points on CSIS Military Culture Study Here are a few points on American Military Culture in 21st Century that DEPSECDEF mentioned to you yesterday • For 24 months ending January 2000 the Center for Strategic and International Studies CSIS a Washington think-tank has conducted a study on American Military Culture in the 21st Century LTG ret Walt Ulmer Dr Owen Jacobs and Dr Joseph Collins of CSIS now OSD led the effort that was chaired by LTG ret Howard Graves and Dr Ed Dom Selected bios are at page 3 of this document • Study is a first of its kind look at military culture and provides a great window on what is happening on the human level inside of the Armed Forces • Part of that study has been a 99-question survey on military culture and organizational climate for units throughout the Armed Forces • By study end we surveyed 12 500 military personnel from the Regular Army the Army Reserve the Army National Guard the Coast Guard and the Marine Corps in CONUS Korea Germany and Hawaii • Also have surveyed Pacific Command joint headquarters as well as their Navy component Pacific Fleet headquarters Also surveyed Atlantic Command in Sep 1999 and USAREUR units and headquarters • CSIS surveys were followed up by 125 on-scene focus group discussions with officers or Non-commissioned officers Approximately 700 service members participated in these focus groups The Army Air Force Navy and Marines also gave us access to unpublished surveys of their own • We have briefed our study results to CSA selected legislators Sen Warner Rep Murtha Sen Reed widely within the Pentagon to the Defense Science Board RAND and at the War Colleges We have also briefed selected expert groups at CFR in New York and D C as well as numerous veteran organizations • • Undersigned addressed the entire student body of the National Defense University in late Feb 2000 Study was the subject of over 150 newspaper articles and widely publicized 11-L-0559 OSD 153 Key Findings of Austrian Military Culture in the 21 Century Values in the force are strong across all ranks and services but Force reductions high operations tempo and resource constraints in units have exacted a toll on the people in our mostly married force While not as damaged as it was in the post-Vietnam era today s military is far less ready and less satis ed than it was a decade ago Overall the biggest problems noted by military personnel in the CSIS survey are payfquality of life excessive operations tempo and work-family imbalance a shortage of material and human resources in units and the quality and training of new personnel just graduating from basic training Morale in the force is not high Only a fourth of the force considered morale high Reasonable expectations for quality of life for Service members are not being met We found race relations to generally be on a good footing but with no cause for complacency Survey and focus groups also noted some job perfonnance-related problems with gender integration in the Army Navy and Marine Corps well-documented in respective surveys For example men on CSIS survey said women would not pull their share of the load in combat many women agreed In focus groups we often heard complaints of various leadership problems micro- management a zero defects mentality and continually having to do more with less There are problems of trust between seniors and subordinates both in the eld and between the eld and Washington This eld-Washington perceptions gap by survey and focus group comments often stems from value con icts for senior of cers in DC This problem has been magni ed by global media and access to the internet for people in the eld The quality of of cer leadership in units is not uniformly good and can be improved especially if promotion or command boards are given access to peer ratings or other information beyond senior-subordinate ratings a J Collins lonel US Army rat 0 Senior reject Director 703 692 4076 work If We home Mjoe collins@osd mil I I Biography of Selected Key Personnel LTG ret Walter F Ulmer Jr retired from the Army in 1985 after 33 years of service His major assignments included command of the 3d Armored Division in Germany and III Corps at Fort Hood Texas For nearly a decade after he retired LTG Ulmer was the President of the Center for Creative Leadership in Greensboro North Carolina Today he is an active consultant on military issues and leadership He served as the Chairman of the Study Working Group for the American Military Culture project and together with Joseph Collins and Owen Jacobs was the author of the recently published report Dr Joseph J Collins now working for OSD retired from the Army in 1998 as a Colonel with nearly 28 years of service His career was equally divided between assignments as an infantry officer a professor of International Relations at West Point and a strategic analyst in the Pentagon In the latter capacity he was a special assistant the Chief of Staff of the Army 1987-89 the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 1989-91 and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1996-98 He was the project director for and co-author of the American Military Culture in the 2J8' Century His doctorate is from Columbia University Dr T Owen Jacobs is a visiting professor at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces of the National Defense University He has been for four decades one of the nation's leading experts on military leadership and related issues 11-L-0559 OSD 155 snowflake April 10 2001 ro Dov Zakheim CC Paul Wolfowitz Steve Cambonc FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Memos 8 12 A 1' Here is your Top Down Review memo Why don't you draft memos for met send to whoever you think I should send them to in order to achieve the goals y1 u still think need to be addressed Thanks Attach 1117 0 1 Zakheim Memo Top Down Review DHR dh 041001-27 11-L-0559 OSD 156 PRGE 02 '• 1 DSZIJ Jwi O II 7 l TOP DOWN REVIEW Candidate Bush committed himself to ordering a Top Down Review something we haven't had tn 12 years The NSC may be givm the lead on 1hls but even ifit is t oO will be a major contnoutor DoO already is in the midst of the Congrcssionally-manda Quadrennial Defense R evicw but this is proving to be a routiniud highly conserv1 ti document Following arc some of the issues th at will have to be addressed quickly-in the QDR t 4 Top Dow Review-or both ' C Gcnin1outofrheBalkans -What forces are pulled out What forces stay behind Does DaD contn bute constabulaxy forces I would suggest that it not do so Mllln ry Relations with Asia -- Expanding militarycontac with China yes but on a reciprocal basis -- How quickly to move to agreement with North Korea not 100 quickly -- Defining relations with TaiWAll need to U'ain with ROC forces at Jtast CPXs - Expanding operationsltrajnmalwlth Japan yes - -- Re-engaging tht Indonesian military' definitely ' o Overseas Basing -How much to exploit Guam now being proposed as base for recon flgured Trident subs-SSGN's - How to restructure OUT basing posture in Japan ancl Korea -- Do we intensify our starch for facilities elsewhere in Asia Rt-engage the Philippines Expand Singapore and or Australia What about Indonesia and Malaysia yes -- Re-visit our basing policy in the Gulf yes Ocploymc ats a review mandated by Candidate Bush -- Where can we cu1 back ocher than the Balkans Do we da te do so in Asia Nuclear policy also soc below - warhead reductions -- reducing the hair trigger APR 10 2001 16 44 I TOTRLP 03 11-L-0559 OSD 157 F AGE 03 · ' snowflake - April 10 2001 8 31 AM TO Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Pentagon Bureaucracy What do we do about the Pentagon bureaucracy Please take a look at this memo from Marty Hoffmarm and tell me what you think Thanks Attach 1 1101 Hoffmann Memo Pentagon Bureaucracy DHR dh 041001-31 11-L-0559 OSD 158 1JanOl -' Memo To The Honorable Donald Rumsfeld Defense Secretary Designate Subject Transition Opportunity Issue Pentagon Bureaucracy From M R Hoffinann In a change of Administration particularly when the whole National Security establishment needs such a major reorientation weak word the question of the copious overstaffing of the Pentagon needs quick attention There are a number of devices to do this such as consolidation of the functions of two offices the retention of an incumbent individual in a job which is then abolished leaving jobs unfilled and then abolishing etc Distinction must be made between statutory positions required by Congress and those over which the Executive Branch has control for this purpose _ The problem will be sorting out the really key positions as opposed to those positions in which the incumbent was not up to the job People like Hamre Perry etc from the recent Administration may be helpful as well as recently retired Military and Civilians among the various self-styled experts in Washington in whom you have particular confidence CSIS and others may have material already in the can which could be helpful Proposing Legislation abolishing certain jobs gives the opportunity to leave them unfilled until the resulting legislative issue is resolved 11-L-0559 OSD 159 snowflake April 16 2001 TO RADM Quigley FROM Donald Rumsfeld 9 22 0 w SUBJECT WSJ Article _When you knock down that Washington Wire story from The Wall Street Journal by Jackie Calmes let me know what they say It seems to me we oughlt o find a way to knock that down N J ' Thanks Attach 4 13 01 Wall Street Journal Washington Wire DHR dh 041601-6 -- 0 11-L-0559 OSD 160 and from pole _ · decision will depend the amount of · and cloud cOvet and the - p ot's ability to sec the hori Ji¥ erature - Over the ensuing days the obstructing gallstone apparently passed through the 'duct and tlie pain abated Doctors' concern is that if the duct becomes obstructed again Shcmenski could become much sicker Once a patient has one such episode the chance of recurrence within a year is 33 to SO percent Katz said When the NSF evacuated physician Jeni Nielsen from the South Pole to treat her breast cancer in October 1999 it was early spring in Antarctica and conditions were milder This time winter is ahead The last e-mail I had from R · · zon Bullock said Recent ternperatures have ranged from minus 94 degrees to minus SO degrees Fahrenheit Below about minus 67 degrees fuel and hydraulic fluids in the LC130s would get too cold to flow he added At this time of year Antarctica is in twilight and ternperatures fluctuate as winter comes on Bullock said Soon it will be so cold that landing will be impossible It's like those summer days when the sun is below the horizon but you still have just a little bit of recall -orange on the horizon he said Shemenski signed on fall wi1h Raytheon Polar 811 Street Jomnal ' vices Co the 'April 13 2001 ' company that provides tics support to the U S sci Pg 1 facilities in Antarctica A ily practitioner he gave hia private practice in Ohio or a li e of s1K rt-tenn · aastgm ocDls m remote p He was looking Orward -_ to spending tbe · at the South Pole said · cousin 23 Washington Wire The Brass THE BRASS bristles at Pentagon Chief Rumsfeld's latest rule The defense secretary orders generals and admirals to notify his office a week in advance of all meetings with lawmakers say congressional staff and military officials He wants to stop the services' freelance lobbying after nixing their earlier efforts to get Congress to increase the current defense budget by $8 billion The officers grouse that Rumsfeld's command is unrealistic If senators seek a briefing on weapons systems the set· vices can't tell them to wait week until the Pentagon · · i8ns clear it they say In officials submit · Of meetings of which never come off Ric Sb · of Powell Ohio He just th gbt it would be an adventure Ronald with a physi · care for the approximately South Pole sta thCie Oct 29 Katz said memld developed severe bdominal pain around April 1 noticed his urine was dark common oc CUJTCDCC when a gallstone blocks tbe«luct t drains bile from the gallbla der He had bl - and treated with painkillcn nmavenous anti'biotics and China Fallout Katz said that Senate Lott presound test showed at· 1 diets B 't sell Taiwan gallstone and that blC C ld destroyers indicated She Ilenski's pancreas it China fean - had become mflamed a complication that sometimes occursi when a galJstone blocks a duct Inflammation of the p ncre as an organ that makes digestl ' e e_nzymes causes seyere pam and fever and om t mes P ro gresses to pent mtls a life threatenmg mfect10n --Jackie Calmes Washington Times April 13 2001 24 Inside The Ring By Bill Gertz and Rowan Scarborough Chinese feared raid Pentagon intelli$ence officials said China's military was ready to repulse a covert U S military attack on Hainan Island to capture the detained American crew and its damaged EP-3E Aries II intelligence-gathering plane Chinese militarv commanders ordered a special command post set up on Hainan Island the South China Sea island where the crew made an emergency landing April 1 Every night - the best time for such raids - the Chinese are placing concrete barriers at either end of the damed EP-3E aircraft just in case S commandos attack and try get gdl beJU 11 the intelligcnce- plane out of the U Osborn's decision An intemal Navy memo ya Lt Shane Os pilot of EP-3E Slll'Veillance plane by China · made the comet decision to land the crippled turboprop in China rather than risk ditching in the South China Sea The EP-3E aircraft COin mander and crew presented with compound emergencies complex tactical considerations and complex diplomatic considerations succecdcd in keep-ing hia crew safe and intact says the memo from an Navy despite mcreased pressure for aviation official the sale from GOP lawmakers The memo says damage to But tech-industry lobbyists two propellers the nose cone suggest delaying a S nate vQte and a wing after colliding with on legislation relaxing hmits a Chinese F-8 fighter greatly on exports of high- reduced the chance of a sueperfonnance computen fear- cessfo1 ditching In other ing anti-china sentiment now words a sea 18nding would could derail it 11-L-0559 OSD 161 ing to Adm Nathman the first one improves onboard handling and processin of signals and a second version adds a low-band subsystem and improves data fusion through what is known as Common Data Link which provides crucial connectivi Y for network centric warfare Adm Nathman said The third version adds a precision targeting system he said The exact version of the JMOD upgrade on the EP-3E held by the Chinese could not be learned but officials said it was at least one of the three Truth offensive Now that 24 Americans have been released from captivity from China the Bush administration is planning a public relations campaign to explain why the Chinese govemment and military version of events near Hainan Island is completelywrong The facts according to Pentagon sources when released by the Pentagon and U S intelligence communi Y will show that Chinese pilot Wang Wei acted recklessly in intercepting the EP-3E surveillance aircraft and caused the chain of events that led to the captivity The intelligence includes videotape of previous Chinese intercepts as close as 20 feet from U S aircraft and cockpi1 voice communications from the EP-3 E that made the emergency landing on Hainan Island Pro-China officials in the government are opposing the planned truth offensive They argue that explaining in detail what happened will further inflame already tense relations with china Other officials say the only question remaining is who will get the call to lay out the facts Deputy of State Richard Armitage is State's choice while Pentagon officials would like to see Defense Secretary Donald H Rumsfeld come out swinging with the offensive EP-3E diplomacy Rep Do ld o 11hn01s Republican decided to try a little congressional diplomacy during the BP-3E standoff when he encountered Yang Jiechi new Chinese ambassador to the' United States at a Washington dinner April company has made state-of-the strategy and f 3 art satellite optics and is a lead- that will _grow at The occasion was a cele- ing manufacturer of tools used ing rate 'if i t' not a bration of United Parcel Ser- to make computer chips Clark said terms o vice gaining access to a new The three are Sens James budget he added · China route Mr Mamullo's M Inhofe of Oklahoma Tim really are gc tJing to the point northern Illinois district in- Hutchinson of Arkansas and where busmei s u usual and eludes a UPS airport hub His Robert C Smith of New mugina es aren't oing district also is home to 20- Hamm hire to get the jo done Acquiaiyear-old Seaman Jeremy Cran-The senators said in an tion reform dall one of the 24 EP-3E crew April 1O letter to President The rate of change in to-members detained 11 days by Busb that the proposed acquisi- day's world as 0111pacc d the the Chinese tion by the Dutch fum ASML current acqui ition process acDuring the dinner Mr Lithography raises the risk that cording to lark And we Manzullo took the opportunity the U S company's cutting- need to do so ething about it 6 to hand Mr Yang - an old edge know-how will find its he said friend of former President way to potential adversaries The le proce88 of George Bush - a letter poAn interagency panel the thought and dc veloplitelyurgingtheAmericans'rc - Committee on Foreign Invest- ment ·and s· tion and exlease ment in the United States perimcntati and produclion Mr Manzullo wrote in CFIUS is now reviewing the takes far too 1ou today Clalk part As chairman of the In- proposed acquisition before explained '1Tbe linmr terparliamentary Exchange making a recommendation to proach era Group between the U S and Mr Bush just isn't g · it done We China I have a keen interest in · We believe the propoaed need a qui men agile and promoting stable relations be- takeover of SVG by the I utch simpler way to move forwud tween our two countries film ASML ii • ID na- ill c ollod an Quickly releasing tbe crewmen tiOJ 8 security the three duatry to he · to allow them to return home wrote We urge you to use $miller avy would send a positive hummi- your authority under law to Cluk found tariaD gesture that I know block this proposed transac- fault by a sling the rewould be appreciated by par- tion source strategy imbalance ' ith ents across this country like Bill Gertz and Rowan scara smaller vy The nation Tom and Shirle Crandall borough are Pentagon repbrt- must undc rs that a smaller Seaman Crandall s parents and or leas ble Navy will Pentagon 'upheaval en lead to grea risk in the form One defense indus oftiof leas se 'ty for seabomc cia1 is predicting earthtrade leas exil ility and reshattering charmes in the way Aerospace Daily 1 the Navy buys ships The ofti- April 13 2001 time due proximity and cia1 wJio a8ked not be 25 Clark urges Budget availab more diflicult named has been talking to • access be Pentagon officials about op- Increase Acquisition ACCOll becomi l g intions m Defense Secretary Reform ing Ian Qadc exDonald H Rumsfel 's ongoing For nearly 1o years the P no naval top-to-bott' m review The United States has watched the gam accea 1beir Pentago • expected to an- military strategy forces and dom of · nounce m1t1al taults m May m budget mismatCh grow and fonvard-dq o '8CI ua time for inclusion ui the fUc8 1 arow to the point where the aie availab far aad 20q2 defe_n e bud et B t mosrserVices are now short of re-- ly he l1le maJor dec1s10ns will await the sources said Chief of Naval time problmp JI mesfisCal 2003 budget Ope t'' ADM y Cl k capable to any co 0111 •nder This official told us he ex1iet while thee avyfilru ist who bas to deal with a real-pectl an upheaval in the recruit retain train maintain world prob Clark added shipbuilding il Ustry with and be ready to h dle future and it Y JI better be perbapS a sJDinkiD1 from two comni Clark said yes- there than take lots of time U S subm 1fine builders to one addrea to the tryingto there _ _ -and commtmcnt to smaller Navy League m Washington The 0 dc fmw u aircra carriers The source So to deal with the imbal- role and of the al o said he would not be ancc Clark suggested raising SC1'Y1CC be prised to see the review rec- the set'Vice's line· modify- ca f pties · ommend cancellation of not the acquisition to with other · It 11 dlll only the Joint Strike Fi hter deliver products in a more cfli- dundancy IPve8 flexi bility but also tbe Air Force 's F-22 cient uui cost-etfective man- ·to Nati@Co•un m A• Stealth fig rter ner accepting the operational ty and ancl ·to Amencafirst and strategic lications of Jomt - ' 'Ille Three Republican senators having a er l'M'jY or U S N llU ·are calling on President Bush somecombinauonofthoae PfOJectioD _ to block a Dutch company's All of the services· me ply to fight wmtheoaticm's acquisition of the Silicon Val- dealing with an imbalance in wan he ley Group Inc SVG The page24of37 in exponeutial 4 tcrda sur- comman tu - 11-L-0559 OSD 162 snowflake April 16 2001 2 31 PM TO RDMLQuinn FROM Donald Rumsfeld J A- SUBJECT LT Osborne Please find out why the EP-3 pilot thanked Ross Perot at the Whidbey Island welcome ceremony I would like to know what his involvement in this thing was Thanks DHR dh 041601-29 11-L-0559 OSD 163 snowflake April 16 2001 TO Paul Gebhard FROM Donald Rumsfeld 3 59 PM lJ SUBJECT Archie Clemins Please take this letter from Archie Clemins break it into three separate memos a d craft memos from me to the appropriate people on each of these points Thanks Attach 04 12 01 Clemins ltr to SecDef DHR dh 041601-56 11-L-0559 OSD 164 •- OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Mr Se c re any AJ 1A c- Arck• c r l WCl S 1ClJ o yr uJl du cq_ss 6'4 tu 4t- fa s-f £- MeJ C tJJCs Jr J4 y -H s O'W Cftuee Y•u - are a a ' • 11-L-0559 OSD 165 M115 April 12 20 1 The Honorable Donald Rumsfield Secretary of Defense Pentagon Washington DC Dear Secretary Rums eld I am taking you up on your offer regarding comments on the various areas being reviewed by the U S Defense Strategy Review and Supporting Studies I don t have expertise in several areas that are being reviewed and have therefore limited my comments and suggestions to those few areas where I think there are great opportunities that have not been pursued But before I start let me say up front that that these l comments are submitted after working these issues for tluee years as Commander in Chief US Paci c Fleet-trying to execute budgets and since retirement working in commercial technology sector trying to grow a small business FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT There are two major areas in this arena that have the opportunities to yield signi cant returns POM PROCESS The first one is the POM process Everybody complains but no one seems to have a serious recommendation for improvement What exists now is a process that when compared to baseball has eight months of spring training with a one month season What I mean by this is the Defense Guidance comes out early in the Process then all th services gure out how they are going to budget their money to comply with the Guidance then in the nal throes of the Process the Defense Resources Board DRB meets to make all the trade-offs destroying balanced programs without fully understanding the rami cations of the actions Now obviously this is an exaggeration but not much The Process needs to be changed such that the DRB takes place up front with the decisions made as to what is going to be procured what readiness is to be budgeted for what is going to be the quality of life standard etc Then the services need to work the next eight months on figuring out how they are going to do this with the allotted moncj Contrary to today s process this prOposed process would cause the services to gure olrt how they were really going to do this and would force them to operate more like a corporation which has to make the same type of decisions WORKING CAPITAL FUNDS The second one is the Defense Business Operating Fund DBOF Each service has its own version of DBOF called the 'Working Capital Fund ' These funds which in reality I are accounting systems were established during a period of Defense Growth in the Reagan Era when there was significant competition This is not the case today even ' though the Working Capital Funds have changed little For the most part they in fact d not work in a downsized military environment and stifle innovation while wasting money Today with the consolidation of the defense contractors and the reduction in quantitiesi being purchased Working Capital Funds cause many wrong decisions to be made just t support the accounting For example if a government shipyard or aviation depot is un Working Capital Fund Accounting there is little incentive to become efficient since thL customer has to pay the established man-day rate regardless On the other hand a missi n funded activity where the customer is both the owner of the activity and at the same I time the customer has the incentive to drive down cost to get all the work done so tha1t more is not paid than is required In other words you may manage a Mission Funded Activity in away to pay the operating cost of $400M dollars up front and then manage · to get $600M of maintenance for the $400M In a Working Capital Environment there s minimal incentive to do this i 1 i The Business Operating Funds needs to be reviewed and anything that doesn't need to e in them should be considered for removal At the same time the initial reaction of the financial community will be that they have to buy their way out This should not be th ' case During the rapid draw down of the 90's it was impossible to draw down as fast desired even if we wanted to due to government regulations Therefore in shifting entities to Mission Funded from Business Operating Funded they should not have to b y their way out • MORALE AND QUALITY OF LIFE I will only address one area in this area-Housing HOUSING - All of the services' housing is managed from a standpoint of 'ungraceful degradation ' This is not because people want it to be this way but rather that is what the system fosters An upfront DRB would hopefully affect the housing standards trying to be achieved Today you will not see housing degradation as being a big quality of life enhancer At the same time I predict that substantial housing improvements would be al great retention incentive While initially I wasn't sure if Public Private Venture Housing was the way to go I am now convinced that it is But the devil is in the details Because when you get involved you quickly realize you are building housing for your grandchildren and the business plan must address this There have been several mistakes made with Public Private Venture Housing but the model that is now being used to build the new San Diego Navy Marine Corps Housing is the best I have seen 11-L-0559 OSD 167 · • COST SAVINGS Networks and Process Change is absolutely essential With the right leadership I have always felt that people performed as well as the systen allowed them to perform If the people perform badly then you should look at the processes The comments on the previous pages in general are about processes and the 1 'supply chain ' which historically has not been considered a very glamorous place to work Yet when you look at the commercial sector and look at how much they are spending on supply chain management supply chain event management and driving down inventory as well as the investments in customer relations management DOD a is the rest of government is significantly behind in these areas By being behind they missing opportunities to save significant amounts of money As I mentioned last Friday Networks that give Broadband capability to the desktop is absolutely essential to drive down costs and manpower both military and civilian But then using the Broadband capability and changing our processes is where the real payback will come from becau almost all of our processes were developed when people were cheap The same is true for industry except they are moving out to drive down costs government has to move faster When yo look at DOD processes-whether it is recruiting manpower supply inventory maintenance budgets travel accounting etc --they are all what would be categorized as supply change Starting down this 'continuous change road' is absolute essential to achieving savings Sincerely Archie Clemins Copy to DEPSECDEF 11-L-0559 OSD 168 snowflake April 16 2001 TO Rich Haver FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Letter from Beverly Shaver 4 48 P - Here is a letter I received from Beverly Shaver What do you propose Thanks Attach 04 12 01 Shaver ltr to SecDef DHR dh 041601-61 U0760f 01 11-L-0559 OSD 169 I FROM W5 April 12 2001 The Honorable Donald Wt Sunday of Dianne o o Nancy Pub Dear Rummy Hmong there are few outside the immediate families who have rejoined in the return of the EP-SE crew more than I nevertheless the poignancy of knowing there is at but are atlwr member of in whom the Chinese have never accounted has been My state for me I know it is mod necessary to remind you that dis may be either one of the hat or one of the times to nice the question of Jim Deane s but surely it should not be omitted in the an-going dialogue on this outta with the PRC Ambassador Prmher and the DPMD's put efforts to chain information have apparently not produced a PRC weapons as yet but perhaps the dialogue in progress over the EP-SE could shake lame some additional occupation The united Stuns mutt has simply got to do more for those who have wasted not 11 days but rather more than 40 yum foreloaum If I as a private eitieen can go to China and blunder into a rst-time con rm that the PRC hops-loaned two oftha PdM'a men then surely all the us Methane m including the cm can determine the ciroummneu oflim's death or his whereabouts today This particular line has got to be a real window of oppommity to bring some sort of resolution to Jim's case Although I have oontacted neither of them on this mm 1 should tell you tint Elaine Iran is my mint law I sister and Condom Rice is my daughter Lili' mentor from Stanford though Lili' Is not sure the would be remembered from 1938 But most importantly your position at Defuse arable you to get the attention and respect of all the PRC They do not soul to understand Immunisation appeals our a ycr s wither they do understand tides and in uence BeverlyDuno MD sat taoaate Pd'd 03 30 ti 70 1-3 owes PHONE no 4w 993 75 55 Apr 13 zoo 12 59 P2 aka do snowflake April 16 2001 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald SUBJECT Notes on Courtesy Calls 6 19 PJ r1 Rumsfeld Attached is Tom Korologos's memo of all the notes that came up during my confirmation courtesy calls Attach Notes on Courtesy Calls DHR dh 041601-76 0 11-L-0559 OSD 171 snowflake TO Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE April 17 2001 ' SUBJECT Blechman Letter Take a look at this from my friend Barry Blechman and tell me what you think - Thank you DHR am 041701 13 Attach U07714A D1 11-L-0559 OSD 172 DFI INTERN ITIONAL April 16 2001 The Honorable Donald H RlilllSfeld Secretary U S Department of Defense 1000 Defense Pentagon Room3E880 Washington OC 20301-1000 Dear Secretary Rumsfeld When we last met you asked for good ideas I have one I think which will bcco e in particularly relevant as you move from the current strategic review to implementing c the Department's plans programs and forces Judging from information available in the press it seems likely that there will be insufficient resources to achieve all the goals that might emerge from the strategy reviews Operational short-falls quality-of-life needs and congressionally-mandated health care expenses seem destined to consume most of whatever incremental funds might be made ava i to DoD this year and next And I doubt that you will be able to gain enough potential savin from force structure reductions or cuts in legacy modernization programs to fund all the des increases in expenditures for space systems and other transforrnative capabilities Over the mid-term the only way to free up sufficient resources is to reduce the uni1 ost of defense - the amo lllt it takes to field and maintain the defense establishment One way 1 reduce unit costs is to consolidate the infrastructure as you are already planning to do Eve greater resources could be saved however by making the Department's use of civilian and uniformed manpower more efficient As you know one reason US corporations have become more productive over the fifteen years is that they have taken advantage of technology to reduce their payrolls To ci trivial example my SO-person company now has only two executive assistants Before the advent of networked personal computers modem communications systems etc we would I had 30 or more Barry M BJednnan CEO and President 17 17 Pennsylvania Ave NW Suite 1300 Washington DC 20006 202 • 452 • 6900 fax 202 • 452 • 6910 email bblechmmOdfi-intl CXllll uot--l-l4-0l 11-L-0559 OSD 173 a My impression is that the armed forces have not made this transition They've boughtt technology but continue to use people in old-fashioned ways Although comparisons with private corporations are not strictly fair as the military needs to maintain a rotation base for overseas and combat duty I don't believe that the armed services have taken a hard look at th · manpower needs for many years - despite the sharp reductions in combat force levels in the 1990s As a result I would guess the ratio between manpower in combat roles and manpow supporting roles is probably worse now than it was when you last served in the Pentagon Identifying potential cuts in support manpower is not easy It requires detailed examination of individual staffs and functions at each unit and facility to identify unnecessa duplications and overlaps It also needs hard-headed looks at trade-offs for individual f mc · between in-house staffs and contracted services It takes re-assessments of the number of m hours required to perform various tasks e g maintaining a particular aircraft engine after a fl to determine the necessary size of those units and staffs which are retained And it needs objective assessments of the possibility that an individual Service might be able to perform certain tasks e g basic pilot training as an executive agent for all the Services making poss elimination of the other Services' comparable staffs s 'ht I ble I doubt that the OSD Manpower Undersecretariat could really accomplish this analy s much less make any proposed reductions stick Only the Services have the detailed informti to identify possible cuts as well as the institutional power to implement such proposed manp reductions effectively But why should the Services cooperate in such an enterprise Fewer personnel eventually mean fewer promotions less political clout etc One way around this dilemma is to provide an incentive package like that discussed by Secretary James Schleslin the 1970s As I recall Schlesinger offered the Service Chiefs trade-offs between combat and supporting personnel I don't recall the initiative exactly but I have a vague memory that he offered the Navy and Air Force one person above authorized combat manning levels for eve two people cut from supporting roles If sufficient savings in support personnel were acbiev the Service could justify additional combat units as well as the resources necessary to equip i them lity It may seem wrong somehow to have to offer such a deal to the Services but the is that major manpower reductions can probably not be achieved without Service cooperatio trade-off between deeper cuts in support personnel in exchange for increases in combat capabilities makes sense on many levels Needless to say I would be delighted to help you flesh out this idea Please let me if I can be helpful Yours truly Cc Paul Wolfowitz SteveCambone Ray Dubois 11-L-0559 OSD 174 A ow April 19 2001 TO Chris Williams FROM Donald Rumsfeld 9 5 AM l SUBJECT Press Coverage - - This International Herald Tribune article says that the U S is not telling all v 1e know about the spy plane as to its precise location I thought we had done th 1 It also says we did not release recordings of conversations between the pilot and the ground controllers Do we have those Thanks Attach 4 19 01 International Herald Tribune article Neither China nor U S Is Telling 11 About Spy Plane DHR dh 041901-11 -a - uoeo 11-L-0559 OSD 175 101 CURRENT NEWS EARLY BIRD April 19 2001 Use of these articles does not reflect official endorsement Reproduction for private use or gain is subject to original copyright rest ictia s Story numbers indicate order of appearance only TOP STORIES • 1 Rumsfeld Seeks To Wjthdraw Amerjcan Troops From Sjnai New Y orkTimes Janc Perlez Secretary of Defense Donald H Rumsfeld surprised Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of Israel during his sit here last month by telling him that the Bush administration wanted to withdraw the American soldiers serving peacekeepers in Sinai a move proposed as part of the Pentagon's drive to reduce troop commitments abroad admiltiration offi cials said ' • 2 Verdict On Osprey Is Mixed Washington Post Mary Pat Flaherty A Pentagon-appointed review panel delivered a split decision for the troubled V-22 Osprey program terday saying it should continue in limited production but calling for major changes before the aircraft returns to1re gular use -3 Sub Caotain To Lose Job Not Freedom I Los Angeles Timer • Tony Perry A top Navy admiral has decided against courts-martial in the Greeneville submarine disaster but will Jrd er the sub's captain to an administrative hearing that will force his departure from the service Navy sources said Wednesday 4 U S Mav Ouit TaJkS With China Over Plane I Washington Poslj Clay Chandler Chinese and U S officials stuck to sharply clashing positions today in their firstt joint review of the ision April l between a U S surveillance plane and a Chinese interceptor prompting an immediate U S threat to beak otTthf talks 5 Bush Adyjsed To Withhold TOD Destroyers From Tajwan · · · Washington Times Rowan Scarborough President Bush's national security aides are tentatively recommending thatt the United States not sell vanced destroyers to Taiwan at this time but provide less-capable warships and other conventional anns admi stration and congressional officials said yesterday • • • l cof CHINAIU S 6 After Rancorous Start U S And China Resume Talks E Sanger N tw fork Times Elisabeth Rosenthal with David U S negotiators here said this morning they had decided to continue talks with the Chinese goverrun the collision of an American spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet on April I • 7 China Flie hts Mav Get Escorts Waslringto11 Post Thomas E Ricks The Pentagon has prepared detailed plans that call for fighter jets to escort military reconnaissance ai international airspace plans likely to be implemented if talks between the United States and China c badly a senior Pentagon official said last night 8 Neither China Nor U S Is Temug All About Spy P ape International Herald Tribune Thomas Crampton Avoiding what is standard procedure for similar incidents involving civilian aircraft both sides ha• recordings of conversations between their pilots and ground controllers or data proving the prec ise p headings of all aircraft · t concerning craft through inue to go not re eased -·- sitions and · page l of t8 11-L-0559 OSD 176 - f pril 1 i9cident involved pi- bot i side s Data on th air- land of Is igaki-shima and ages all pa ·es involved both lot fro one ofthe fi hter umts craft s position nd headmg Australia which has a power- directly a d indirectly to based m southern Chma would se le disagr e ents ful sig als intelligence station shield the information • they Plans call for e F-15s to over the distance mamtamed that momtors the South China have We ay never know the tay as far as 100 miles away between them Sea full story rom the pl e they ar escort If transcripts became Why does Donald Rumsmg -e said That distance available current and former feld insist on showing those permit the to scan the entire air force pilots suggest they old videos when he should Chri f S a ea with their radars and also would include references to the have a voice tape of the actual 8 ian tence Monitor gives them more freedom to first reports of visual contact incident in his possession April 19 2 maneuver be een the aircraft and con- Mr Karniol said referring to 9- Despit Protests If Chinese Jets got to_o versatiom etween the pilots the U S defense secretary's re-- China T S · 0 · close the F- Ss would quickly a d their c ontrollers They lease of footage said to have • · pies ver move he sa d might lso mc lU e what took been taken during previous Asia Thi offic tal said that his place dunng the mitial sweeps close encounters The Chinese Beijing has widene11 the ach mgle bi g st w_or m _execut- by Ch nese fighter jets past the are no better ofits sune lance actiPily ill mg the miss10 ts makmg sure U S atrcraft But unless required by that young pilots understand The U S tape mi ht reveal compelling national interest receaty th ules of engagement U S at what level of autopilot the potentially sensitive signals in- By Ann Tyson Special military personnel generally EP-3 aircraft was operating telligence information is corre t of The Christian a e told they have an absolute and it could include the 25 to unlikely to be released ScieIK c M tor nght to use force to defend 30 mayday calls that the Tom Ballantyne chief corWAS GTON - Like themselves under attack but American pilot insists his plane respondent for Orient Aviation the stylized ves of a Beijing usual y must receiv' explicit m ade duri g the 25-nlinutc Magazine said If a civilian opera perfo China's propermission b for usmg force flight to Haman Island aircraft were involved disclo- tests over S Navy surveiJ m any othe situation A full transcript of the sure would take place at a lance flights in the South China In addition he said the F- Chinese tape would more fully whole different level The tran- Sea contain a distinct element I s would b equipped to pro- explain what preceded t Ji e in- scripts and data would be out of theatrics vide a full videotaped record of cident and include the second there in no time China ws for one that any such encounters pilot's request for instructions A rare release of signals the United tates bas no intenOnce the United States has after the collision and crash of intelligence came in 1983 tion ofhalti g the flights in the been able to asses e Ch_inese his colleag e when Japan turned over a re- wake of thae pril 1 collision af response to these imhal flig ts But disclosure rmght not cording of conversations in- a US EP-3 spy plane and a their number would slowly m- benefit either Washington or valving Soviet interceptors that Chinese fi ter jet acx ording crease Gradually their loca- Beijing If the pilots from ei- shot down a civilian airliner to US and European intellition would also vary expand- ther side made aggressive Korean Air Lines Flight 007 ge·nce expe ing south statements or spontaneous re- Played to the United Nations Experts are skeptical of · marks indicating blame the Security Council the recording the Chinese complaints fot an-documents might contradict buttressed the U S position by other mo telling reason International Herald Tribune public statements including the voice of a Soviet China uses the same eavesA ·119 200I We can presume that the fighter pilot announcing he was dropping tics to track the pn ' Chinese Americans and sev- rocketing the jetliner and pro- US military in Asia with older 8 Neither China Nor eral other countries know a lot claiming The target is de- technology ut growing imruU S Is Telling All more about this incident than stroyed siveness Beyond voice recordings It's ab lutely understood they are saying said Robert About Spy Plane Kamiol Asia-Pacific editor of civilian aircraft now constantly we are d · g things that naBy Thomas Crampton Intema- Jane's Defense Weekly relay information in real time tions do ' s ys Ronald Montational Herald Tribune As one of Asia's military to ground controllers about perto d an of the PentagonHONG KONG -- As Bei- hot spots the South China Sea their airspeeds attitudes and funded A si Pacific Center for jing and Washington ramp up undergoes constant and inten- positions-of controls Security S dies in Honolulu their rhetoric over the U S spy sive scrutiny by intelligence While gathering intelli- There is a ittle bit of Kabuki plane held on Hainan both outposts of numerous coun- gence the EP-3 relays data in this he ys • borrowing an sides have kept secret the in- tries back in real time via satellite analogy fro l Japanese theater formation that is normally conA spokesman for the Tai- but it is not clear whether that it'°s a bit of eliberate drama sidered crucial to making an wan Defense Ministry has con- includes flight data China s considered East The positions of all air- Asia's No 1 eavesdropper objective assessment of an air- firmed that the island's military borne collision monitored the incident while craft could readily have been moun11ing lectronic intelli ng equipment on Avoiding what is standard the United Daily News news- detennined by Chinese ground gence-ga procedure for similar incidents paper reported that Taipei's radar stations operating on everything from aircraft to mvolving civilian aircraft both military has a partial transcript Hainan Island rocky reefs and fro warships sides have not released re- of conversations between the In civilian investigations to fishing wlers It r rly cordings of conversations be- aircraft and their controllers which might involve aviation uses• su h P atfonns to pick up tween their pilots and ground Others likely to possess authorities from several coun radar s1g na s and other comcontrollers or data proving the the conversations include Viet- tries aircraft manufacturers municatio targeting a swath precise positions and headings nam a wary neighbor in dis- and' airline companies tran- of countrie ftom Indonesia pute with China over territory scripts and information often the Philippi es and Vietnam to of all aircraft The transcripts would il- in the South China Sea Russia leak Japan and uth Korea as well luminate numerous points of which operates a signal intelliWith that in mind Mr as US mil tary operations in contention including the in- gence post out of Vietnam's Karniol said The clandestine the region xperts say tents and actions of pilots on Cam Ranh Bay Japan which nature of these activities over ''Their primary concern is has a monitoring post on the is the South China Sea encour- in tlie regii gathering intellipage 9of18 11-L-0559 OSD 177 snowflake April 25 2001 SUBJECT Outsourcing The Marines are now outsourcing I 00% of their mess halls Why don't the Army Navy and Air Force do that I want to talk to the Service Secretaries about this DHR dh 042501-2 - - Je-c or- - 11-L-0559 OSD 178 8 34 AM A April 25 2001 TO Chris Williams CC Paul Wolfowiti ·' FROM Donald Rumsfeld 2 51 PM -V L SOBJECT Mark Stokes I definitely will not detail Mark Stokes out of OSD I want him here-he is excellent c _·--- -------· DHR dh 042501-15 UO 8 ' 5 e6 I 01 11-L-0559 OSD 179 l I OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY I if h a1 - a M A1LP sn A-ss-1r -r 7D ST WE S L b f llc 1 # 4 A-n $d 7JIL Jli re j r 'J will II ' f e Fh-ly t i£ L-K- lh1 J Ctlht $ 77qtf 111 tnY lls rr r ro f Jlflr 4' H h v 11-L-0559 OSD 180 J'n a- snowflake - April 30 2001 8 54 AM -t u TO Pete Aldridge cc Paul Wolfowitz SL 6 6 1 FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Don Rice Letter Please take a look at this letter from Don Rice and let me know what you think Thanks Attach 4 16 01 Rice ltrtoSecDef DHR dh 043001-16 - 11-L-0559 OSD 181 UOB 396 Ot - DONALD B RICE 031 5 April 16 2001 2 dear The Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld Secretary of Defense 1000 Defense Pentagon Rm 313-880 Washington DC 20301-1000 Dear Don Ifthe media has it even close to right you have your hands full as you bring this national security review and study process toward decision making You and I discussed some topics a few weeks ago and I want to share some additional thoughts I ve been encouraged by recent dialogue suggesting a new strategy which recognizes the challenges our nation will face a strategy that increases focus on Asia and the Pacific in addition to the Gulf region and prepares us to deal effectively with crises that spin up rapidly in places where we have few bases or where we face adversaries with capability to deny or degrade our ability to build up forces Now you re wrestling with a force structure to support the strategy The kind of force that served us well in the Cold War-short-range aircraft and heavy armor-seems ill-suited for a world in which long distances must be transited and in which adversary weaponry could make concentrating forces problematic Reports suggest such factors have led you to put a premium on range stealth precision and rapid response This is what I was arguing for 8 years ago and what cur bipartisan National Commission has recommended That means survivable long-range aircraft take on added value Survivable long-range aimra put added credibility behind conventional deterrence with their capability to deliver devastating mass precision to halt aggression They can go anywhere anytime on a few hours notice These aircraft can destroy enemy anti-access capabilities and greatly improve conditions for follow-on forces to deploy Just as important because they can provide loiter time and endurance they can maintain dominant presence over broad areas of the battlespace to rapidly strike fixed and mobile targets throughout the campaign The Air Force is a great organization with great people But it s too wedded to the ghter force mentality of deploy and fight Important as the ghter force is-and will remain-it does not meet the full range of challenges you are defining I thought the case was overwhelming even before your new strategy that only a modern long-range bomber force equipped with a exible mix of precision weapons can With suf cient long-range bombers no enemy could The Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld April 16 2001 Page 2 expect to mount a large scale surprise attack to seize friendly territory-the born hers could p event him from massing to carry out aggression And no Dad actor could keep his strategic vitals safe from a devastating response If you needed the extreme option of preemption this bomber force would be first choice So in my mind unless the long-range bomber force is seen as getting top priority our strategy strains for credibility The B-2 has its opponents ften I suspect from entrenched interests that sense competition with their favorite programs Some may claim the B-2 is aging technology To suggest that ignores how far the original B-2 was onthe leading edge-as well as the proposed plan at moderate cost to insert modem avionics and processors to bring it up to state of the art Others suggest that i I not stealthy enough for the 2015 threat which assumes lots of SAMs with SA-lOC level capabilities First my involvement in studies suggests the B-2 does fine in most scenarios Second the B-2C can get better Third even when we face the toughest scenario B-2s would be the best option because B-2s can combine stealth with weapons mixes that also suppress defenses Beyond that since there's not much signature improvement available from modifying the mold line even in new aircraft designs the next level response is to add jamming or decoying Even moderate jamming significantly leverages the inherent stealth and could be provided from elements of the bomber force Speaking of that a long-range I dwell capability for electronic combat-manned or unmanned-would be valuable in many circumstances Some will suggest half-measure alternatives to the B-2 perhaps cruise missiles or a longer-range JSF or a regional bomber-a stealthy F-1 1 I-class aircraft But the more I think about it the more I come down on the side of the B-2 _ Cruise missiles are very expensive to procure in sufficient quantities-that's why we've never bought enough And they will only do a piece of the job Some number of cruise missiles provide a useful augmentation to a robust force of B-2s but no substitute for it As the last Administration unfortunately discovered heaving a few cruise missiles at an aaversary is not an effective response to anything And as for a longer-ranged JSF or a stealthy F-1 11 I don't think either have the sort of legs we're going to need F-11 ls bring to mind the 1986 Libya raid As I recall it took an armada of tankers almost 30 to get 18 s m the targets That's a lot of airplanes for a small mission A few B-2s could do that mission from CONUS with a handful of tankers-no tankers if they do it from the theater And with the increased distances of the Pacific to worry about and likely erosion of our forward basing posture range will only become more important 11-L-0559 OSD 183 The Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld April 16 2001 Page 3 7 airplan e's With both JSF and an F-1 1 1-class an enormous near-term opportunity cost-all those scarce dollars going into R D hen they could be going into combat capability The RDT E plus EMD for an F-1 1 1-class aircraft would be $20 billion if you're lucky Yet there'd be no significant breakthrough in capability If the unit price is in the $200 million range buying two wings-say 200 aircraft-would cost $40 billion for a total investment of $60 billion not counting bed-down costs Even being pessimistic in B-2C costs that would buy at least 60 B-2Cs--likely more And the deterrent effect range weapons carrying ability flexibility and operational capability of such a B-2 fleet would dwarf the F-1 11 force By my back of the envelope calculations assuming for the example 60 more B-2s the B-2 force would provide well more than double the payload-range for the same money By the way payloadrange per dollar is a favorite metric of mine that doesn't get the attention it should JSF suffers even more from this kind of cost-effectiveness comparison You should check this with the Air Force but my understanding is that a JSF can only carry two JDAMs internally That's no more than a dual-role F-22 though F-22 is more restricted in JDAM versions Based on that alone it's time to consider strangling JSF-before its cost strangles you Payload matters While an F-1 11 -class airplane would improve on JSF the improvement will be relatively marginal The B-2 will carry 16-80 JDAMs depending on size and type It would take a much larger number of either one to approximate that much firepower and lots of bases and supporting assets that may well not be available within the theater Even if the technology for a small diameter bomb proves out the B-2's proportional advantages over fighters remain And the difference in capability is more than just tonnage The B-2's mammoth payload allows it to be flexibly loaded with a mix of precision weapons-flexibility that will enable it to employ optimum weapons against fleeting targets in a dynamic battle That's a capability some would just as soon not have you consider-because it's a mission they'd rather reserve for other elements of the force structure they're trying to protect But my review suggests the B-2 would be very valuable in that role And what if we need capability sooner rather than later I doubt if JSF-particularly a longer-range JSF-will come on line in meaningful numbers until at best 2015 and probably later A new F-1 11 would be after 2020 The marketing pitches may say sooner but you and I know with all the design complexities and testing requirements that 11 slip Qlard to understand why we'd want to spend more money to get less capability lat Rather than either JSF or a new stealthy F-1 11 start a technologically serious and fiscally prudent R D program on a futurf unmanned long-range stealthy attack aircraft you can pursue for the more distant future alongside a program to get more B-2s on the ramp in a meaningful timeframe An additional though-why not sell the British a dozen or so B-2Cs Better for them and us than a bunch of short-legged jets they need mini-carriers to utilize 11-L-0559 OSD 184 The Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld April 16 2001 Page 4 I fought hard for the B-2 program because of my belief in its revolutionary capability to project conventional power Everything that has happened since has only strengthened my belief I urge you to take up the fight-the country will be the better for it and you'll have a distinctive contribution to the new strategy that nothing else can offer Call me if you'd like to discuss any of this further P S To remind you of how stark are the comparisons of B-2 capabilities to fighter or cruise missiles I've enclosed my two Value of Stealth charts The first compares an actual unsuccessful F-16 raid in the Gulf War standard package to what it would have been if they'd had precision weapons to the actual F-117 raid that followed to kill the targets to how we'd have done it with B-2s The second chart compares B-2 payload to cruise missiles ignoring that cruise missiles aren't effective against many critical fixed military targets or any relocatable targets and shows that large operational dollar savings accrue to use of B-2s cc Honorable Paul Wolfowitz 11-L-0559 OSD 185 NI m c S o- en c ca Cl 0 Cl ·ca Cl a 'C c ca 0 llllf llllf llllf llllf llllf llllf llllf ·u c ·c ca -ft f Cl a - ca c •• •• •• c 0 J Cl 'C I- u - -4 --- -4 -4 tn Cl - cc E c oe me t 0 tn ·w cC C·0 C ·u tn E tn ec ccrn Cl Cl c w l Cl en oc 11-L-0559 OSD 186 I c The Value of Stealth II Stealthy Bombers vs Standoff Weapons l§E lsi§ mi§ ftl§ 1 5§ 1 5 l e' li5 IS£ 1 5 l E§ lie Iii§ 1$ E @5 nE Weapons Cost Iii 5 8 8 8§8§ eee 1§5 1 5 155 Hi 1 - IE5 l i 15£ 1 £§ 155 F E l E F £ F E HE HE l5E l Ei Crul·se M·1ss·11es liE 15i •1s r• · gi F E r el Er he he · ftE 1 e tt£ l e 1 55 ·1 5 5 1 E G E £ E e - 1 1 - _E -- --· - - - E ··8§ - - e · s - E s s · --· s E - - _ s 320 tons of cruise missite warheads $640 M • --' 1 - 1 1 - • Hif --· -- nm-- f E f Eif E ftE§ ttE1 •·· versus 320 tons of precision bombs $13 M Every Time The B-2 Fleet Flies In Combat It Pays For A New B-2 B-2 Precision Bomb 2 000 lbs Cruise Missile Warhead 1 000 lbs 11-L-0559 OSD 187 April 30 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz Steve Cambone Steve Herbits FROM Donald Rumsfeld l f' - SUBJECT Paper for comment 3 21 PM What should we do with this paper Attach Undated paper Organizing for National Security DHR dh 043001-33 U08405 01 11-L-0559 OSD 188 ORGANIZING FOR NATIONAL SECURITY The Bush-Cheney Administration has a unique opportunity to do well by doing good As it prepares to govern and inevitably begins laying the groundwork for successful mid-term and presidential elections over the next few years arguably the single most important step it can take is to implement its campaign promises to rebuild reequip and reinvigorate the U S military This step would put the United States in a far better position to confront the global challenges sure to be among the most dangerous of the legacies of the Clinton-Gore years It can also serve to galvanize a community that has in the past proven to be a reliable and formidable base of political support for Republicans Importantly this community can be comprised not only of the roughly 20 million Americans who are either past or present members of the U S armed forces their dependents and those associated with companies doing business with the military It also can be extended to include many millions more who by virtue of their ethnic background and or religious ties to foreign lands have a potentially decisive interest in U S foreign policy -- at least with respect to the nations in question Finally the base can draw heavily upon what used to be known as Reagan Democrats individuals whose native common sense and instincts are appealed to by policies of peace through strength If the Bush-Cheney Administration and its allies on Capitol Hill are to actualize the political potential of this potentially decisive community in time for what are expected to be very close if not actually disastrous mid-term elections they must take a number of steps at once These include the following Personnel Build on the superb choice of Donald Rumsfeld as Secretary of Defense by putting into place a Pentagon team that restores confidence in the building's civilian and military leadership In particular Joint Chiefs Chairman Hugh Shelton should be replaced immediately by an individual who by dint of his personal integrity vision and demonstrated willingness to speak truth to power commands the respect of the armed forces and will be instrumental to rebuilding esprit de corps retention and the Nation's combat power This step should be complemented by an urgent Administration initiative to overhaul Goldwater-Nicholls legislation that has effectively rendered the service chiefs little more than damage-control officers for their respective budget crises Policy Programmatic Initiatives While there is much to be done -- and undone the new President and his team can immediately enlist and invigorate the wider defense community by taking tangible action on the following items The President should announce on Day One of his presidency that starting on July 20 2001 the United States will begin the process of deploying anti-missile defenses for our forces and allies overseas and the American people here at home To do so he should order the United States Navy and the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization to take steps to modify one or more AEGIS fleet air defense ships so as to prepare them to serve as antiballistic missile platforms Initially this will of necessity involve little more than the 11-L-0559 OSD 189 deployment of components and test articles -- much as was done by President Bush in 1990 with the emergency fielding of Patriot test missiles at the time of Operation Desert Shield Gov Bush spoke favorably of this idea in the campaign and successive Pentagon analyses confirm its inherent feasibility affordability and strategic utility Send Congress legislation to fix the military voting problem once and for all A clear commitment to end the disenfranchisement of our men and women in uniform would send a potent signal to them and all who appreciate their service to our country A centerpiece of such an initiative should be an experimental use of electronic voting perhaps initially utilizing secure military communication capabilities in time for this year's gubernatorial elections in Virginia and New Jersey Establish as a matter of presidential policy that the national security including foreign policy-related expenditures demands a minimum commitment of resources equal to at least four cents on the national economic dollar This compares to slightly less than three percent of Gross Domestic Product we are currently allocating for these purposes -- the lowest level since before Pearl Harbor By making the Four Percent Solution -- one additional cent for national security -- a foundation for his military rebuilding program the new President can end speculation that he will follow the Clinton-Gore stratagem of using budgetary smoke-and-mirrors to conceal the reality that reform alone cannot fix what massive infusions of additional funding recapitalization will be required to correct ''Unsign the International Criminal Court Treaty By rescinding President Clinton's last-minute overruling of the military's strong opposition to the ICC his successor will send an incalculably important message to his troops that help is no longer on the way as Vice President-elect Cheney put it in the course of the campaign -- it has arrived No less importantly the Bush-Cheney team will be serving notice on the international community The incoming team is determined to be an American administration not one that subscribes as its predecessor did to the Post-American philosophy that has systematically subordinated national interests and sovereignty to aggressive multilateralism and world governance A second opinion on China Secretary of State-designate Colin Powell has publicly expressed the view that conservatives need to be educated on China In fact there is reason to believe that he -- and indeed the government as a whole -- would benefit greatly from a fresh and independent look i e of the kind Secretary Rumsfeld has twice led a ''Team B drawing upon outside experts who are not closely associated with the conventional wisdom to examine the premises and policy implications of official U S views of China's goals conduct and military programs Defense Industrial Base The rebuilding our Armed Forces cannot take place without the presence in the United States of a healthy defense industrial base with vibrant R D and manufacturing capabilities upon which our national defense and our freedom of action in the world ultimately rest Today many American defense subcontractors with critical technologies are being bought by foreign conglomerates Others are simply being replaced 11-L-0559 OSD 190 by Chinese and other third world suppliers Allies require offsets as a prerequisite for the purchase of superior American weapons systems a practice at odds with free trade principles The entire state of the defense industrial base needs immediate review - and part of the political calculation should be the fact that much of the base is unionized labor Congress Congressional allies should be tasked immediately to help establish a record concerning the world being bequeathed to the Bush-Cheney team It can be easily demonstrated that it is far less conducive to U S security and vital interests than was that of 1993 Absent a concerted to hold the outgoing Administration accountable for the trouble now brewing literally all over the globe it will be difficult to make the case for corrective action On the other hand such an accounting can significantly reduce the danger that the new administration will be blamed for its predecessor's misdeeds just as the Democrats will try to do if the economy continues to tank Among the areas the congressional oversight committees should be asked to address with outside witnesses include China's increasing belligerence troubling developments in Russia including its strategic partnership with the PRC what to do next about the crises emerging in the Middle East and Persian Gulf the emerging missile threat and what we can begin to do about it immediately the need for U S space power problems afflicting the intelligence community reforming Goldwater-Nicholls so as to restore authority to the service Chiefs of Staff Pentagon budgetary and programmatic fixes made necessary by the past decade's malign neglect increasingly urgent energy security issues potential adversaries' efforts to secure undisciplined non-transparent funding for their malevolent activities on U S capital markets etc Rebuilding the Defense Coalition The new Administration needs to encourage and support the reconstituting of the sort of coalition that led to and supported the Reagan defense buildup and program so well in the late 1970s and 80s At an elite level this might involve a new initiative modeled after the Committee on the Present Danger which would be legitimated by and given access to and succor from the relevant national security officials and departments At the grass-roots level an outreach effort should be made akin to that mounted so successfully by Grover Norquist and dubbed the Leave Us Alone Coalition Much spade-work has already been performed to reawaken in many of the participating conservative organizations a concern about national security but a far more serious and officially sanctioned initiative is needed to enlist not only their members but those of the veterans organizations ethnic groups defense and related labor unions etc Media A concerted and sustained effort needs to be made by the new defense team working with those inside the Administration and out who are savvy about the press to expose the media and through them the American people to the national security problems we are inheriting and the serious shortfalls in our ability to address them Focuses of such an effort should include an unvarnished look at serious readiness inadequacies military quality of life problems and their impact on recruiting and retention obsolescing equipment and why we should not consider equipping our troops with anything less than weapon systems that are the best in the world the threats we must contend with in the future -- including the asymmetric ones -- that will require nothing less and otherwise promote the image of the men and women serving their country as once again valued members of our society and exemplars of its ideals 11-L-0559 OSD 191 ' Obviously there would be enormous synergy if these steps are pursued in parallel Should each be pursued aggressively and on an ongoing basis they could prove instrumental to the maintaining -- and perhaps expanding -- the Republican majority in Congress in 2002 to supporting President Bush's reelection efforts and most importantly of course to assuring the national security 11-L-0559 OSD 192 April 30 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz Steve Herbits FROM Donald Rumsfeld 5 43 PM CV°f' ro -r SI SUBJECT S t g Priui ies Please take a look at this memo on how the Joint Staff works and what the role of the SecDef is Steve Herbits then please set a meeting for the three of us to discuss it Thanks Attach Section 155 Joint Staff' DHR dh 043001-48 w C 'f U08395 01 11-L-0559 OSD 193 0 I • 1992 - Subsec c Pub L 102-484 Sec 911 b 1 A substituted ''the duties prescribed for him as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and such other'' for ''such'' Subsecs f g Pub L 102-484 Sec 91l b 1 B C redesignated subsec g as f and struck out former subsec f which read as follows Participation in JCS Meetings - The Vice Chairman may participate in all meetings of the Joint Chiefs of staff but may not vote on a matter before the Joint Chiefs of Staff except when acting as Chairman 1988 - Subsec b 1 B Pub L 100-456 substituted' •completed a full tour of duty in a joint duty assignment as defined in section 664 f of this title ''for '•served in at least one joint duty assignment as defined under section 668 b of this title ' ' EXTENSION OF TERM OF OFFICE OF VICE CHAIRMAN OF JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF Pub L 100-526 title I Sec 107 Oct 24 1988 102 Stat 2625 authorized President to extend until June 1 1989 term of office of officer serving as Vice Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff for term which began on Feb 6 1987 WAIVER OF QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT AS VICE CHAIRMAN OF JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF Section 204 c of Pub L 99-433 authorized President until Oct 1 1990 to waive certain requirements otherwise applicable for appointment of an officer as Vice Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff -CITE10 use Sec 155 01 23 00 -EXPCITETITLE 10 - ARMED FORCES subtitle A - General Military Law PART I - ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL MILITARY POWERS CHAPTER 5 - JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF -HEAD- Sec 155 Joint Staff -STATUTE a Appointment of Officers to Joint Staff - 1 There is a Joint Staff under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Staff assists the Chairman and subject to the authority direction and control of the Chairman the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in carrying out their responsibilities 2 Officers of the armed forces other than the Coast Guard assigned to serve on the Joint Staff shall be selected by the Chairman in approximately equal numbers from A the Army B the Navy and the Marine Corps and C the Air Force 3 Selection of officers of an armed force to serve on the Joint Staff shall he made by the chainnan from a list of officers ll¥- the Secretary of the military department having ion over that armed force Each officer whose name is submitted shall be among those officers considered to be the most outstanding officers of that armed force The Chairman may specify the number of officers to be included on any such list 11-L-0559 OSD 194 b Lii ct crr - ' Tr Chairman of t he Joint Chiefs of Staff after the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 'Zapd with the a r of e may select an icer to serve as Director of the Joint Staff c Management of Joint Staff - The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manages the Joint Staff and the Director of the Joint Staff The Joint Staff shall perform such duties as the Chairman prescribes and shall perform such duties under such rocedures as the Chairman prescribes d Operation of Joint Staff ensure that the Joint Staff is 'n d e p e n e so that the Joint Staff supports t e -- - c- _ of Staff in meeting the congressional purpose set f O h in the last clause of section 2 of the National Security Act of 1947 5 U S C 401 to provide 1 for the unified strategic direction of the combatant forces 2 for their operation under unified command and 3 for their integration into an efficient team of land naval and air forces e Prohibition of Function as Armed Forces General Staff - The Joint Staff shall not cperate or be organized as an overall Armed C Forces General Staff and shallhave no executive authority The Joint Staff may be organized and may operate along conventional staff lines f Tour of Duty of Joint Staff Officers - 1 An officer who is assigned or detailed to ermanent duty on the Joint Staff may not serve for a tour of a uty of ore than four years However such i r u x ended wit e approva of the Secretary of - Defense 2 with pro s established by th Defense the Chairman of the Joint Chie s o Staff duty and recommend the reassignment of any officer assigned to the Joint Staff Upon receipt of such a recommendation the Secretary concerned shall promptly reassign the officer 3 An officer completing a tour of duty with the Joint Staff may 'not be assigned or detailed to permanent duty on the Joint Staff within two years after relief from that duty except with the approval ofthe Secretary 4 Paragraphs 1 and 3 do not apply A in time of war or B during a national emergency declared by the President or Congress g Composition of Joint Staff - 1 The Joint Staff is composed of all members of the armed forces and civilian employees assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the executive part of the Department of Defense to perform the functions and duties prescribed under subsections a and c 2 The Joint Staff does not include members of the armed forces or civilian employees assigned or detailed to permanent duty in a military department - R ·- -lll 4 ·t h £Vo rv - SOURCE Added Pub L 99-433 title II Sec 201 Oct 1 1986 100 Stat 1009 amended Pub L 100-180 div A title XIII Sec 1314 b 2 Dec 4 1987 101 Stat 1175 Pub L 101-510 div A title IX Sec 902 Nov 5 1990 104 Stat 1620 Pub L 102-484 I 11-L-0559 OSD 195 -• OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE THE MILITARY ASSISTANT April 252001 MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECDEF SUBJECT LEGAL LANGUAGE GOVERNING THE FORMATION AND AUTHORITY OVER THE JOINT STAFF Mr Secretary You asked for legal language defining the role of the Joint Staff who they work for and related directives The legal language is contained in 10 USC Sec 155 copy attached with pertinent sections highlighted By law the Joint Staff works for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The law also requires the Secretary of Defense to ensure its independence in supporting the Chairman A search of Department of Defense Directives relating to the Joint Staff provided negative results Respectfully Colonel U S Marine Corps 11-L-0559 OSD 196 April 23 2001 TO RDML Quinn FROM Donald Rumsfeld A 7 20 PM SUBJECT Joint Staff Please get me the legal language as to who the Joint Staff works for and any directives relating to it Thanks S t 2 I DHR dh 042301-27 11-L-0559 OSD 197 snowflake - April 30 2001 ' TO William Schneider Jr FROM Donald 6 02 PM Rumsfeld -t -l SUB SECT Cyberwar Please take a look at this article The US Is Not Safe in a Cyberwar and tell me what you think I ought to do about it Thanks Attach 9112 00 Staniford Saydjari Williams paper The US Is Not Safe in a Cyberwar DHR dh 043001-52 11-L-0559 OSD 198 ' - Abstrac1 The United St ates is becoming vuint rabit to suJ ering very serious harm - in a cybenvar fought with a moderately funded enemy In this paper we lay out what we believe would be the enemy's most certain and effective strategy to inflict damagf We think th at is to use a senes oj' well engineered wonns to gain control of several million Internet connected computers within the United States 1 and then use those to launch distributed denial oj' service attacks oj various kinds against lntemet sites critical to the economy or to US ability to analyze and contain the problem Recent events show that the nation does not understand how to respond effectively to this kind of threat We believe that a detennined and competent enemy could cause signifi· cant hann to the US economy now and that the problem is likely to becomt rapidly more critical over the nert several years An attack could be carried out in a way that would make it ertremely difficult to identify which enemy was t·espon tiiblt A number of ongoing policy and market trends are making this problem worse In essence our society is becoming too dependeni on the lntemet without an adtquate understanding of the national security implications This is becoming the worst threat the Vniied States faces The authors of this paper are concerned that US leadership and other decisionmakers about Internet use do not fully appreciate the potential consequences of the current situation Although we believe that the scenarios Wf describe could be inferred from the history of events that have already taken place we feel it is necessary to make these inferences explicit We do so in an attempt to influence policy-makers toward a safer posture We also lay out our best thinking on approaches to make the situation safer We do this on several time·sca t $ We discuss what could be done in the very near term to help manage an emergency response to a serious cyberwar attack on the VS We then discuss policy measures that we think could significantly reduce national vulnerability over a period of several years Finally we discuss technical research and engineering areas that should bt explored further 11-L-0559 OSD 199 - ' l Introduction War seems 1 0 be as old as humanjty and to be an inescapable part of thf human condition Hunter gatherer tribes oft en fight with neighboring tribes the Old Testament details many wan the Israelites fought and history if punct uated at regular intervals with wars great and small The psycho1ogica1 d vnamic of war is that of t wo peoples who's desires and view of the world are very different The a re unwming or unable to imagine the other's condition and to see the world from the other's perspective When empadhy is absent congeniality dies and fear and dislike set in An escalating cycle of increasing hostility takes pla ce until anger and hatred of the other is all-consuming Thus war should be conceptualized first as a matter of the passions not as ratjonal act ors pursuing reasonable but differing goals These dynamics do not heal quickly The Balkans are still mired in anger and mutual hatred from centuries past The ongoing troubles between England and Ireland have their roots in the invasion of Ireland by King John in the early 1200s Pathologies in the individuals ho lead the respective societies can greatly increase the potential for hostj jty New communication or transport technologies do not prevent the basic psychological dynamic of war Thus they do not end it they only change the way it is fought For example the development of ocean going ships allowed for increased trade and increasing understanding of foreign countries But that did not prevent wars instead it meant that there were naval wars as well as land wars Similarly the invention of the airplane has aJ owed unprecedented opportunities for ordinary people to visit other lands and appreciate their experience But its impUcation for waxfare was strategic bombing and dogfights not an end to the battles Similarly the invent ion of the written word the printing press the telephone the t e evision have all changed· the way the world thinks a bout and carries on wars but have not changed the fact that it fights them So we think it is extremely unlikely that the Internet will end war Bui of course it wj change it Internet technology wj J be used to co-ordinate warfighting and cyberwa rs will be fought over the Internet The purpose of this paper is to suggest how that might happen and also to suggest that the United States is placing itself in an extremely vulnerable position with respect to its enemies in a cyberwar The US must change course and soon or face grave risk of serious domestic hurt in a conflict 3 11-L-0559 OSD 200 t The Internet is very new a nd ha ca u ed enormous societal change very quickly In the l 970s it was under early development and was mainly ii p a tfor m for the researchers who were crea ting it to expjore design possibilities During the 1980s and early 1990s it became a means for most kinds oi scientists and engineers to exchange information Starting in the mid 1990s serious commercial use of the Internet became apparent By this wriiing in 2000 the US is engaged in full scaJe a t t empts to convert as many societal functions as ·possible to using the lm ernet and it is doing so in a frenzy with little or no reflection on the risks History shows that by and large democracies do not fight wars with each other Wars usually involve at least one a ut ocratic society So in the early period of Internet development when its use was largely confined to democratic countries cyberwar was unlikely Now however use of the Internet is becoming common in countries which are not democratic And some of those countries are enemies of the US or could easily become so Some countries also harbor semi-independent subgroups hostile t o the US Inevitably their thoughts will tum over time to how t o use the Internet to harm Americans We should have given thought to how to prot ect ourselves before they do Throughout this paper we talk about US vu nera bility and protecting the US because that is the case we a re most familiar with and whose vulnerabj jty is most personally threatening t o us However it should be clear that the general ideas apply to any country that is rapidly becoming dependent on the Internet We cannot stress enough that wars a re not nice and assumptions about how people will behave during peacetime cannot be applied in a war It should be assumed that the enemy in a wa r would be gJa d to see American citizens starving in the streets after a failure of the US economy We cannot assume that an enemy lacks motivation to ha rm us we must ensure that they do not have opportunity 2 Cyberwar Strategy Since the world has no experience with large scale cyberwar we do not yet know for certain how it wj look Military doctrine has not been solidified strat eg_v ideas are uncertain everything is in flux We are in a position similar to that of thinkers in 1912 interested in what 4 11-L-0559 OSD 201 ' an air war would he like The airplaJle had been invented hut not yet used in war Some t hinkers imagined correctly eg the Britjsh Navy under Churchill' ea dership was practicing bombing with aircraft hut ma ny did not At thF sta rt of the First World War airphmes were used by the British and German armies i o e y for reconnaisa nce beca ui -e it was not real y understood ho they might be applied in war At the outset pilots oi' planes on opposing sides would wa ve to each other jf they happened to pass By the end of that wa r the basics of airborne wa rfaJ e bombing fighters escorting born bers and dogfighting with each other ·etc were established Despite the lack of real experience the a uthors believe that it's fairly straightforward to see what several good ways to fight a cyberwar against the Unit ed St al es would be and the implications are already alarming We start just by asking what have been the most destructive kinds of Internet security incidents to date The answers are • distributed denial of service DDOS atta ck ' 2 So the simple thing to do is suppose that the enemy just uses those ideas But we assume that the enemy will put a serious engineering effort into building the tools they use and will have researched the best ways to apply them to cause maximum damage We assume that they have made careful and secret preparations before they launch their at tack but then that they will improvise and revise their pla n during operations We also suggest some slight extensions of the techniques that have been seen before that would make the att a cks more damaging In particular we consider application level DDOS attacks in which the a tttack is not just seeking to block the network in front of a site but to overwhelm the 1 A worm is a computer program that knows how to prop la e itself acroes the Internet to other computers from them 1 0 stm otben and so on Wonns typically spread t o infect exponential numbers of compuien until the worm can be understood information about it propagated to all affected computer users and the computers in question cleaned up by anti-virus software or by re-inrlallation of all clean software on the computer 2 A distributed denial of service attack iE where an attacker gains control of a very lu e number of computers zombies and Ul'es them to send harmful data of some kind t o targets The attacker seeks to overwhelm the arget in some way He uses an automated method to ce -ordinaie all the zombie 5 11-L-0559 OSD 202 • - t ransa ction processing machiner of the si1 e wjth bogus transactions 'Alf· think tha t in certain cases t hef'e will be much harder to recover from We do not claim that these are the on y cyberwar strategies However as we will outline they are enough 1 0 do enormou damage and they art very hard to combat They are particularly a t tra ctive t o an enemy for the following reason The enemy will want to use strategies such that the outcome is largely under his control He will try to depend only on things that are true with a high probability or that he directly controls I such as the design of his own tools Thus plans whjch require the enemy breaking into an particular sjte are less attractive to hjm since that particular site may be too well secured to break into or may ha ve alert a dministra tors who notice in a timely way and reveal the enemy operation too soon Instead we work ·out scenarios in which the enemy only depends on facts such as that there are many vulnerable computers on high speed links jn the United States somethjng that is essentially certain t o be true and the correctness of his own planning and designing This leads t o an emphasis on 1 arge scale auwma ted attacks such as worms and DDOS First we review some recent instances of worm and DDOS events The first worm to attract large scale notice was the Internet Worm of 1988 lt was written largely by a single individual Robert Morris Jr as a prank The author was a talented and knowledgeable practitioner of computer security but the worm code was hastily put together and contained several errors The worm spread a cross much of the Internet and largely paralyzed jt for several days The worm was capable of several different methods of sprea ding including using some previously unknown vulnerabilities in common computer systems of the day together with passwordcra cking 3 The worm also encrypted parts of itself More recently a series of simpler emaH worms have caused havoc on the Internet for a day or two each Melissa and I Love au were the two most prominent examples Ea ch of these involved a malicious a tta chment to an ema il message The message was crafted to come from someone the recipient knew and to fool and encourage the recipient jnto opening the attachment Once they did so the attachment executed computer code which performed 8 Password cracking is the process of finding a password by using automated brute force to run many possible passwords t hrou h the paf word comparison algorithm on thr computer to see if any work 6 11-L-0559 OSD 203 maJicious actions on the computer sys1 em of the affect ea individual and mailed the worm to all the persons it could find in the recipients email a ddresf book Both of the e worms were written by individuals with just a month or t wo s effort These latter worms were considered extremely simplistic by computer security practitioners but even the Morris worm could have been much stealthier than it w Various ways of tricking many computers into all connecting to a single sit e have been known for some time However the recent history of di ­ tribu1 ed denial of service a tta cks begins in mid 1999 with an incident where the University of Minnesota was effectively removed from the Internet fo1 several days This turned out to be ca used by a distributed denial of service au a ck which was orchestra t ed with a then unknown hacker tool called Trinoo Trinoo a nd the several similar tools which have appeared since work as follows Ha ckers first compromise a large number of hosts Typically they do this by large scale scanning4 of the Internet looking for vulnerable computers at random compromjsing them and then installing their sofware on the hosts in question This is done via automated tools which perform the scanning exploitation and software installation on a large scale completely a utoma ticaJJy The software on these hosts is typically known as zombie software In the University of Minnesota incident several thousand machines were involved as zombies The attackers then use one or several mast er computers to send commBJJd ' to all the zombies to flood continuous Internet traffic to the target sites The target sites are overwhelmed with enormous amounts of spurious information which effectively prevents them from conducting their normal business In February of 2000 a series of more serious jncidents managed to take several very high profile sites off the Internet for several hours each including Yal100 and Amuon com This necessita ted a public appearance by the President to discuss the situation The DDOS incidents pubUcally analyzed to date appear to be due to individual hackers or small groups of hackers All the tools to date show 4 Scanniug is the process of sending packets to a computer or a number of comput en to characterize the possible vulnerabi1i1 ies of the computer It is the Internet analogue of walking down the street trying the door handlee of autos However on the Internet it is aut omat ed and millions of computers can be Fyl t ema1 ically sc a nned Most full-time Internet connected computers that are not behind a firewall are scanned by hackers in some way daily 7 11-L-0559 OSD 204 a ow quality of sohware engineerini J onet hejess they have been very eflect ive in causing damage and disruption Before turning 1 0 how an enemy willing 1-0 expend a more serious engineering effort on their tools might opera t e we consider how the information security community responds to incidents like those described above We'll use the Mjnhesota incident as a prototype bu1 essentia ll v simila r steps occu1 in other incidents also ln the Minnesota incident Susan Levy Ha skeJi was the incident rdinator responsible for understanding and responding to the situation When she initially noticed that the University of Minnesota was losing lm ernet connectivity she began to try to analyze the problem using tools and data supplied by the Cisco routers that connected the University to the rest of the Internet Since the problem was a new one tha t ha cl never been seen before it took her several days of trying djfferent hypotheses and misunderstanding the situation as variants on previously known problems before she realized the basic idea that many computers all over the Internet ha d been compromised and were a 11 being co-ordinated to send excessive Joa els of traffic to her university The realization finally came during a phone conversation with personnel at the University of Washington Levy Haskell ha cl identified that 27 of the thousands of computers apparently at ta eking her site were located there She had a preexisting relationship with system administrators at UW so she called them and they confirmed that those 27 systems all appeared to be compromised Levy Haskell was then able to write a computer program which looked up contact information for sit e a dmjnistra tors for all of the computers that were attacking her in the databases of int ernet a ddresses kept by the organizations that assign addresses ARlN RIPE etc and send email to a ll of those sites W·ithin hours the DDOS volume dropped to proportions that were manageable as the site a drninistrat ors for all the compromised computers began to discover and c1ea n up the problems thereby taking the trinoo zombies off the Internet Dave Dittrich at the University of 'Washingt on located and analyzed the Trinoo software that was found on the compromised systems He published that analysis on the web The incidents were widely discussed on Internet security email lists so that within a ma t ter of days much of the operational computer security community knew about Trinoo and knew what to look for on a compromised computer for that pa rticu ar tool Dittrich and colleagues have since gone on to analyze several other DDOS tools that have appeared s 11-L-0559 OSD 205 - on the 1nt eme A number of features of this incident are very general to a U large scale incidents on the Internet to date a nd should be dra wn out as they will bt of significance la ter in the discussion • When the problem initially appears no-one understands it or knows what t o do People na t ura lly assume that it is similar to previou problems and understanding come quicker or slower to the exten1 that proves to be true wm • Individual professionals with the necessary talent and skills and who are directly affected by the problem immediately turn to analyzing it and att empting to understand what is happenin@ • Informal net working between individual technical staff at different or· ganiza tions is usually critical to solving the problem • Ms Levy Haske used the phone to conduct her networking because she was cut off from the Internet by the DDOS attacks • Several im ernet data bases are critical to an effective response because without them there is no way to translate the internet address of an attacking computer into an email address or phone number of a security a dministra t or at the site with responsibility for that computer • Once the problem is understood by someone somewhere information about it may be very rapidly disseminated to the entire information securitv community using the Internet If that happens the problem comes under control fairly quickly Basicallv simi1ar points could be ma de about the response to the worms In recent years anti-virus companies have become key centers in analyzing and dissemin'a ting information about those incidents 'A'e believe that DDOS a tta cks are a good weapon for cyberwar • A big DDOS a tta ck has the power to take even the largest Internet web sites off the air until it is brought under control While it is impossible to be certain at present we think that a well prepared cyberwar DDOS could be orders of magnitude bigger than the largest hacker DDOS to 9 11-L-0559 OSD 206 - dat e and therefore could keeo 'everaJ hundred web sites off the au simuhaneous y Many of t he e can oe dio 'en t o be web sjtes critical to economic funct ioninf We believe t-here a re a rowin number of such sit a • There js nothing an individual si1 e can do 1 0 prot ect itself jn advance No matter how secure a site i jf h accepts traffic from the public internet at all it can be flooded irom other less secure shes The flood can use traffic t ha t is almost ident ica l 1 0 legitima t e tra ff ic so that there js no straightforward way to filter it out • DDOS attacks can be targeted The enemy can choose to target partk ulas web sh es that it thinks are the most da ina gin@ ones to us Colla teraJ damage to other countries can be minjmjzed • DDOS a tt a cks are very difficult to respond to at best If the enem dhectly targets the sit es likely t o be necessary for response they will be much harder still - • All the experts who have analyzed the probiem to date have concluded that it js extremely difficult t o solve the problem under present ci1·cumstances No-one seems to have any IDil k bullet ideas that do not jnvolve fundamental change in the way the Internet and or the computer industry operate Worms are also very useful jn a cyberwa r A worm c ou d certainly be used for general destructiveness across the whole globe Computer securit practitioners believe that worms could be much more stealthy and hard to eradicate than the ones jn recent incidents By mutating itself encrypting itself modifying the host opera ting sys1 em to make itself invisible disa bling countermeasures such as anti-virus software a worm could become extreme hard to detect Most recent worms have sprea d by em UJ but that it by no means the only possibility and js now probably one of the less effective oneE for a cyberwa r attack because organizations have a lot of practice at dealing with email worms Also the mail servers tend to form a bottleneck for worm propagation A worm by itself is a very blunt jnstrument for ca using damage An attacker cannot easily exercise fine control over where it goes in particular 10 11-L-0559 OSD 207 which counties are affect ed So a worm could be used 1 0 cause massivf· global destruction of computer data but h 'i re ativel v hard to fine tune fo1 any specific war Urn What worms are pood for in our view is to allow the enemy to install sohware on a very la r@e number of computers very quickly That soft ware can then be used for distribut ed denial of service attacks on 11 scale not yet seen Other sira iegi are certainly po sib e The Internet core is quite vu ner· able to attacks on its routingl and the large routers that move long haul traffic in volume can often be brought down by a quite small number of malformed packets These techniques can be used t o cut off parts of the lnternetmaliciously Also the root domajn name servers a re Sew 13 as of this writing and could fairly easily be cut off from the Internet This would prevent much of the translation of names such as in UR Ls t o a ddresses effectively making many resources inaccessil le6 • Again thiE would have a global effect and would not be rea di1y t argetab e against any particular country or entity Additionally the large number of computers that have modems allows -for the possibility of a phone system DDOS A worm that gained control of many computers could be used to ha e them all call into certain phone numbers effectively cutting those call centers off The would be cyberwa rrior is likely to be spoilt for choice We like the combination of worms to distribute soft ware used for large scale distributed denial of service which can then be used against a large number of targets to cause maximum disruption In the next section we will take this up in more detail First though we point out a very novel feature of cyberwar attacks it if conceivable tha t the enemy might be anonymous Tra ditionally in warfare it was fairly straightforward to tell who the enemy was This may not be true in cyberwar Just as it is presently extremely difficult to trace and apprehend computer criminals it may be extremely difficult to identify cyberwar attackers Additionally many groups and companies are presently engaged in developing anonymizing network They aim to allow use of the Internet Routing is the process of directing packers of daia from the computer where the the Jni ernet to their destination and rouien are the devices that do this 6 AJthou h domain name serven cache names and the location of other lower level domain serven so access to resources recently u 'ed would tend t o survive while ne sL J1 acroes resources could not be located 1J 11-L-0559 OSD 208 in a wa 1 which makes identifica tion of the pa rticipant not merely enremely djfticuh in pra ciice but impossible in principle In most cases this is bejnp done for high-mjnded reM'om l rot ectin'- djssidents in a ut ocratic countrje and veiling innocents irom st a kers etc However the exa ct same systems can be used t o control the a ppa ra t us of a cyberwar at ta ck a nonymousl '· Jn some cases oi course world events may make it dear who the enemy must be ln others there may be evera 1 possible enemies and it will not bf ' clear which js attackinp u Or we ma v be att a c ked in peacetime with no idea who is responsiblt- Ha vin£ outlined our @'eneraJ thinking on large scale cyberwa r we now sketch a particular scenario 3 One Possible Cyberwar Attack Every large scale cyberwar wm have its own unjque characterisiics and there is no way to predict what the first one will look like However to illustrate the scope of US vulnera bj jty we here develop in more detail one possible scenario While any such scenario js an act of imagination and there are aspects of such an at t a ck that could not be tested in advance the authors afie1 int ensive debate judge that the following scenario is basically feasible We think that enemy commanders of similar knowledge and competence to ou1 own could carry this out without needing t o solve any hard research problems or to use any sophisticated in1 e1ligence capabj jies We will illustrate such a campaign using nothing but freely-a vai a ble information and tools This could therefore be a lower bound to the damage a well-financed a dver r with sophistica ted technica 1 capabilities could infiicl We suppose a n anonymous enemy who a tt a cks wjthout warning in pea cetjme for the purpose of revenge against the US we think the reader will find it credible that there are nation stat and ge terrorist groupings with that motjve The enemy's war a im is to cause maximum economic disruption in the US without being identified thereby lea ding to US kinetic retaliation The goal of·not being identified lea els hjm to a cyberwar-only strategy We assume that the enemy has a campaign staff of several dozen knowledgeable and disciplined individuals with the right mix of skills and knowledge and that the operation is led with vision det ermina iion and talent We assume six months to a year of preparation software development target research 12 11-L-0559 OSD 209 etc1 The example campa if 'n consists of five sta Jle Tool building intelligence c oJlect jon and preparation soh ening up incre ed t empo and ma in at ta ck 3 l Tool building We assume that the enemy builds a series of DDOS worms using the same fleneraJ principles for each one but di ffering in the details of how they spread hide themselves and a re controlled He builds several so that he can releast new ones as we manage 1 0 gain contro over the last one and so that he can have a number of ca pabj jtjes wjt hout mal ing the worm code too large We E ume he has a vai ab e several vu nerabi itjes that are either brand new oi widely unpatched a verv weak assumption since many new vulnerabilitieE in popular software are discovered every week We now described one such DDOS worm Vve assume the worm infects computers running Microsoft Windows since the owners and opera tors of those compu1 ers often lark much computer knowledge ensuring that they wj J find it difficult to analyze and underst and what is happening on their computer even when given instructions The worm would be obscured in transit t o hinder analysis and would unobscure itself on installation It would insert it self into the operating system kernel and would not show up in any syst em utilities or anti-virus products It Gould disable a uto-update of any AV product on the system and silently disable the appropriate parts of any personal firewall or IDS software but otherwise would not affect computer functjonality So it would be v djfficult to tell that it's there No data is a vai able on what proportion of computers have been infec in recent worm incidents However we think that injecting in the region oi 1% to 10% of Internet connected computers is a plausible estimate Cleaning up all these computers is likely to seriously overwhelm the capabmtieE of technically capable people system a dministra tors computer consultants etc Communication to the worm would occur down the injection tree except it would also pass addresses several steps up and down that tree to create a directed acyclic graph with a lot of extra f aJJba ck communication links The top of the control tree would disappear int o an anonymizing network before going to the enemy The worm-worm control protocol would use a 13 11-L-0559 OSD 210 common port but the modified kernel would pick up the control protocol pa cket ' wit bout showing an open port to pon - 'canners The protocol would be encrypted with ralldom session ke · The ma in thjn@ communicated down t he t ree would be chanjles Lo t hi DDOS 1 a rget list Ea ch inst a nee of the worm would crea t e a fairly modef t amount of traffic to random ta rp-_ets from the lisL DDOS packets would be p a usibJe JookinJl iransa ciions on common protocols probably web http transact ions The host si1 e would not be crippled since any given computer wouldn't produce tha t much traffic Each worm instance would know a large proportion of the la rte target list Thus any fliven target is brought to iC knees by a fairly few packets from each of an extremely large number of zombies ma king response very difficult ln ome c ises the targets would be overwhelmed by sheer volume of packets but in other cases the worm would actually be atl empting transactions against the site to overwhelm the back office processing As soon as the code starts to be inst aJ ed somewhere the enemy is vu nera b e to having it analyzed and the a nalysjs disseminated amongst respondents Therefore the enemy must inst all and get lis DDOS network into operation as quickly as possible so that he is in a position to cripple effectivf' response before it occurs However this worm would almost certainly get a nalyzed successfully within a few days even given that the enemy could hinder the operation of anti-virus companies a lot However identifying and cleaning up the infected computers would take a lot longer Determining who controlled it would be impossible We judge that the too building could be done in three to six months 3 2 Intelligence co1Jection and preparation Enemy intent in the Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespa ce IPB phase is to det ermine key targets and means tha t would help achieve his goals UnfortunateJy our open society and the rush 1 0 make information available on the Internet makes passive -reconnaissance frighteningly easy The authors augmented common knowledge about the way the US does business open lnt ernet sources and a limited number of e-commerce and investing magazines with less than one week of Web earching to identify potential targets determine the probable feasibility of the campaign described belOl · and develop this simple campaign plan Active discovery would involve some 14 11-L-0559 OSD 211 ha ckinfl t o determine which target web snes can be penetra 1 ed for more maJj cious act ivity and which ones are restrict ed 1 0 pure DDOS This stage could consume several months but can be do11e concurrently with 1 00 building to some degree In the lPB stage the enemy would include activities likf' • St ealing credit debit card numbers tor E etting a la r ·e number of numbers from rea diJy available ha cker J cracker sources stolen • Deiennining the algorithms for validating credit card CC numbers and reverse-engineerjng to generate card numbers for non-existent accounts • f jnding e-commerce sites that merely use the number validation algorithm instea d of the Address VaJidation System AVS or more secure validation means • Detennjning major on-line banks or non-bank processors of EFT and CC transactions • Determining transaction format fi • Algorithm development • Campaign planning • 3 3 Feasibility testing Softening Up The softening up stage would consist oi a serjes o f psycho ogical operations MHita ry term PsyOps intended o reduce the populace's confidence in the US economic system and to undermine confidence in the news media as a channel of communication about wha t was happening Rather than use any simple look how smart 1 am web pa@·e defacements the enemy ha ckable news web sites and gossip columns to plant spurious articles of the type wm • Fed may raise interest rates lb 11-L-0559 OSD 212 • Analyst downgrades XXX t a ny Dow or NMcia q 1 OU component - dc i many of them from buy to hold for hold to sell • Major production cuts expected from OPEC na tiom • Social Securitv funds misreport ed - crisis in two vears instead of twent · • Defense Finance Service or Social Security administration reports major c ompm er problems - retirement checks 1 0 be deja yed more than sixty days plu something similar for Union retirements payrolls EJe tronic Benefits 1rans1ers • H a cker publishes t wo miJlion stolen credit card numbers in blackmail scheme • and numerous others of increasing severity over the duration of the campaJgn wm Lat er articles refer t o events from the campaign itself Spurious and misleading information about what was happening together with counterproductive a dvice would be inserted into the stream of news A powerful strat eg v would be to post this type of disinformation on news sit es that do not check sources such as many of the dot-corn sites not ­ sociated with major networks and newspapers and on Usenet news group that we scanned and ca t alogued by search engine bots It is not unreasonable to expect that major outlets would be forced to pick up some of these Web and Usenet postings and report them if only to refute them The goal of this stage is to confuse the populace and ma ke them uncertain that any source can be believed or trusted With careful additional disinformation and a rotating series of ta rg ets as the initial set either shuts down or learns to secure themselves the enemy should be able to make people doubt official communications too 3 4 Increased Tempo The severity and tempo of PsyOps would be augmented after a Sew days by a parallel series of DDOS attacks on economic nexii including the key communications nodes mentioned above that a re accessible via the Internet Here are some other examples 16 11-L-0559 OSD 213 • Electronic on-line and day t ra djnJ Brokers We found web ·a ddre s a nd ra nkinl 'S for over 100 discount brokers who provide lnt ernet il Cce 1 0 Level 11 tra djng The financial pet @'es of any major newspa per or investment -rela t ed magazine will provide names I and web a ddre5 es for more conventional Level I elet tronjc tra ding brokers DDOS a t t a c k would force large numbers of traders back to telephone am omat ed touch-1 one tra ding and normal' voice or lax - with the a ssocia ted de a · - in what the enemy expect to be a plunging market • • SOES ECNs and Market Makers The e a re the backbone of day tradjng The Nasdaq Small Order Entry vst em and the Electronic Computing Networks are systems t ha t int ernet day tra ders use to enter Level IT bids and offers just Ji ke the major Nasdaq Market Makers Individual day traders access SOES or an ECN through their on-line broker above lnstjnet Archipelago Selectnet and Island are four ECNf that provide an Internet from-end to brokers The market makers are very large brokerage firms with easily recognized names among even the least sophisticated readers of the business pa ges - Goldman Sachis Schwab Merrill-lynch A G Edward and a bout 100 others DDOS of the on-line Level II brokers and the ECNs would starve access to this day trading backbone - f urt her re ea rch is required to determine whether the matket makers use ln1 ernet privat e dial-up or leased lines to interoperate with the· ECNs However the enemy has another Wa to choke the market makers that we will discuss below • Data services Links to lnternet quo1 e services news and trading brokers are at http www dayira derpicks com links htm - one-stop shopping for intelligence collection The rea der may have heard of quote com PCQuote corn Da t ek com and some others through the magic of television CNN MSNBC CNNfn a dvertisemen These are eminent DDOS targets for the ramp-up stage • Exchanges The NYSE Nasdaq PSE CBOE Commodity and Futures exchanges could be targets dependjn on the level of web-enabling each has accomplished We judge it unlikely that one could launch e o DDOS attack via the lnternet against most of the excha n@es today because 17 11-L-0559 OSD 214 most have 8orne ort of priva t e ma infra me system that is not a ccessibJt or could be disconnec1 ed at the first sign of trouble However mos1 a re agtz'Iessiveiy µianning more lmernet intejlraiion For example thf Chic w o Board- of Trade already has l 0-l 5% of transactions initatecl via the lm ernet and pia ns to to to an all electronic model • Bond Options a nd Commodit ies markets E ssentiall v the same sorb of a u a cks as above are foasib e with dHierent speci tics about target informa tion sources and bottleneck • Food distribution In an hour of ea rching on the web the authorF were sH Ughtforward y able t o identifv a rlumber of web sites for food distribut ors and wholesalers who accept online orders WhHe the proportion of food orders being handled this way is small today we assume it is growing rapidly In peacetime this is completely understandable It lowers costs both for distribut ors and retail stores to be able to use the web to manage orders • Media Those media sit es not being used as disinformation sources and especially those who might be issuing counter-disinformation become DDOS t argetE This may not be as effective a use of DDOS zombies as other targets beca use media outlets have other channel besides Internet Major Internet portals Excite Netscape AOL have become media sources in their own right and will be targeted fot disinformation and DDOS as necessary • Infrastructure At best from the US perspective a cyber campaign would do no worse than force infrastructure Command and Control back to manual telephone fax -and non-Web operations DDOS at tacks a gafost power distribution and management transportation management and status reporting especially at intermodal transfer points weather B2B and voice dat -over-JP might do much more tha n inconvenience the citizens Expecta iions of t echnologv are so high though that mere inconvenience can help generate chaos especially in the light of road r3 e a ir rager and the current furor over small incre in gasoline prices • On-line banking The proportjon of the population using on-line banking is growing at a n ever-increasing ra t e Financial institutions like 18 11-L-0559 OSD 215 brick-a nd-mort ar banks and credii unions are rushmp to the lnternet compet e with the emerging plethora of lnt erne1 -only banks Thf adversary will tu et t he ma ior on-line instit uiions in this stage for DDOS attack 1 0 St ate and Federal government These orga njza tions are rushin t o provide services to their cit izenr '· Although most of their critical databases are on private syst ems there is a push 1 o make it possible for constituents to pay wa ter bj s pay property ta xes order automobile decals renew driver's licenses and carry out other governmental necessities The federal government's version of this is Pay gov a new web site whkh is expected to handle $125 bimon per year in transa ctionE DDOS Cl£a inst these syst ems would have a very strong demoralizing e ffect on the government and on citizenry • Local • Jnformation Security Community We aJso expect the enemy to target web sit es about information security anti-virus companies and mailing lists for the internet security community This will hamper an effective US response to the attack We t ake this up in more detail in the section on response All of these potential DDOS t argets are targets for more in-depth di ­ information in this stage There are enough targets for a rolling series of att a cln such that the populace and the people trying to fix the problems would be nearly punch drunk Any of the above targets could be used as a feint t o draw attention away from the main target 3 Main Attack Aft er several days of fanning the fires the adversary would launch a main attack on the financial crown jewels - the Federal Reserve System The Federal Reserve is not currently vulnerable t o direct DDOS attack because all the Federal Reserve Banks FRB and the Automated Clearing House ACH members of the National ACH Association NACHA use large mainframe computers with leased-line or secure dial-up access The NACHA includes the Federal Reserve These clearinghouses perform all the overnight debit credit processing in the country - approaching 10 billion transactions a year We judge that a sophisticated adversary can mount an indirect DOS attack on 19 11-L-0559 OSD 216 the ACH networks that would create the u tima t e ha voe requiring the ACHs to shut down or go manual and costing more man-years to straighten out than the Y2K fiasco Here is one possible scenario • Use application level DDOS zombies to run credit card purchase scripts through a large number of e-commerce sjtes Credit card numbers could be stolen from the computers in question in many cases or use a list stolen in advance These can go through any e-commerce site but concentrate on a relatively small number of banks that process credit cards Continue for several days or until detected The current procedure requires the banks to absorb losses or to pass them along to the e-commerce site as chargebacks - this will create a significant backlog as the customers banks and sites attempt to clear things up manually Cascade through sites and banks Note that the transactions have been batched and processed through the ACH system so actual money has changed hands to require error-processing • Meanwhile or during the preparatory stage generate several million totally bogus credit card numbers with the reverse-engineered validation algorithms When the above attacks are recognized and cleanup activity 3s in progress run several thousand small-value purchases using each of the generated numbers through sites that do not use A VS authentication or expert-system methods to ensure that the cardholder is really the purchaser The aim is to generate several hundred million bogus unauthenticated transactions a day that will slip through the e-commerce sites and their banks all the way to the ACH Since the FRB are an integral part of the ACH system the enemy is forcing them both to process a significant fraction of their annual volume every night - potentially enough to choke them in an indirect DOS attack • If the ACH attack can be made to persist for a few days one could envision the entire ACH system having to inflict its own DOS a tta Ck shutting down until it gets the mess straightened out reverting to manual processing and developing new procedures for the Internet commerce community to adopt • The enemy can also use the zombies to launch ·large numbers of spurious transactions into the ECN and Market Maker networks causing similar 20 11-L-0559 OSD 217 effects and exacerbating the credit card attacks since monies involved in trading are also cleared and moved through the ACHs To make matters worse the Fed is actively pursuing on-line ACH business and is in the process of instituting FedWeb - a web-based clearinghouse ca pa bility The authors did not have the time to research the other ACHs to discover whether any of them have implemented web access or are in the process of doing so One hopes that this a ccess will only be accessible to subscribing banks and locked down with strong authentication encryption and the best safeguards known to man They may still be vulnerable to the weak links at the originating end of the chain - bad transactions being fed to the Fed using the finest protection and authentication The consequences of an ACH failure or shutdown are unimaginable The combined effect of the overall campaign could be to cause a worldwide depression or worse It is almost certain that the stock and bond markets would crash In fact one other part of the preparation stage of the enemy campaign could be to buy large numbers of puts and sell index futures in effect financing the whole campaign 4 Likely response at present In this section we outline our best guesses as to how the US would respond if this were to happen tomorrow We cannot know we are simply extrapolating from knowledge of how past information security incidents got handled and of the kinds of emotional stages that people and societies pass through when faced with a great loss 4 1 Denial At first at all hierarchical levels of perception of the attack there is a tendency to find some other explanation for what is going on At the local level starting with the user who needs to access some unavailable service the first thing a user will conclude is that the computer has done something wrong again or the network is down This is natural as most people are conditioned to expect computer infrastructure to be fairly unreliable Less experienced system adminstrators may have the same reaction some will progress beyond 21 11-L-0559 OSD 218 this point based on their intuition about how the system should or should not behave Some talented system a dministra1 ors and other computer professionals at affected sites will not be in denial but will immediately realize that there is an unusual problem without understanding the wider context They will quickly tum to analyzing what is happening These will be the people with debuggers and disassemblers attempting to unravel the enemy code If the enemy has done a good job it will take some time However we think it extremely unlikely that the code from any given enemy tool will not be fairly well understood by someone within a few days to a week of its first use in the campaign However as systems professiona s begin to understand how the enemy is operating at a low level they are going to find their ability to share that understanding or respond effectively badly hampered by the enemy The enemy can keep key mailing lists and web sites for information security professionals off the air They cannot prevent all communication but they can force it to happen slowly and ineffectually via non-standard channels They can also take out the key databases required to co-ordinate responses to security incidents ARIN etc That will make any kind of targeted response by a victim site impossible At the higher level there is going to be initial confusion as the government and other large bodies realize that they have no effective organizations or doctrine in place for handling cyberwar attacks There will be much conversation and discussion but much of it will be directed to getting up to speed on the most basic aspects 4 2 Ariger Once people realize an attack is underway they tend to get very angry at the attacker and at their system for being attacked They want to take action to get it over with as soon as possible This leads some system adminstrators to take precipitous and sometimes rash action - like taking their system off of the network Sometimes these are precisely the actions that an attacker is trying to induce Users may stop trusting their systems and go back to some fal back mode of operation again this may be exactly what the attacker wants Some minority of system adminstrators and operators will remain calm and continue systematic investigation of what is happening 22 11-L-0559 OSD 219 The extent to which fa back on older modes of communication is successful is going to depend almost entirely on how far Internet integration has gone An organization that is handling 10% of its business over the Internet and 90% by phone can stand to lose its Internet operation It will have in place the necessary call centers staff phone lines and systems to handle the increased volume of phone calls Delays may increase but nothing worse than that An organization that handles 90% of transactions online is out of business if it loses its Internet operation for a significant length of time There is no way it will have the resources necessary to handle transactions in a nonautomated way It will not be able to acquire those resources quickly enough At the highest level there will be despa ration to gain a better operational picture of what is happening The extent to which we have no idea what is happening on the Internet will become clear There will be a strong desire to find someone to blame Some folks in the upper echelons will want to strike back at the attackers even to the extent of physical violence The desire for targetting information will grow frantic and the lack of technology and tools to get such information as to who and where the attackers are will increase the frustration levels 4 3 Panic and Depression If defenders are able to broadly keep control of the situation things will start to stabilize at this time If the attack is successful enough however defenders of systems will begin to get quite depressed with the ability of the attackers to do what they want when they want it and the defenders inability to see it let alone act against it Some may just give up at this point A hardy few will continue the diagnosis and solution process At the population level panic will start -to set in Depending on the extent of the economic damage people may begin to look for alternative ways to survive We should point out that this progression or some variant of it will repeat itself as layers of the attack are revealed Also we will see it repeat itself up the hierarchy of an organization So using the DoD as an example one might expect first line defenders system adminstrators for example to go through this first at a very tractica 1 level and then much later on as evidence comes in from a great number of sites one might expect to see 23 11-L-0559 OSD 220 this same sort of progression and its iterations happen at the national level within a crisis management team such as might be assembled at the National Security Council level By the time the situation reaches the highest echelons the Jack of doctrine and procedures will have resulted in a number of tactical responses that could severely limit strategic courses of action Law enforcement will note that it t oo does not have many tools that it can bring to bear on the problem but will attempt to respond to the situation An argument over who is in charge will ensue that will waste a great deal of precious time Law enforcement naturally wants to leave the crime scenes untouched so they can watch what is happening and gather evidence to prosecute later The operationa ls including DoD element will naturally want to stop the pain immediately becuase they have a mission to accomplish There will be conflict over how much information to share with the public Government will have a strong tendency to share very little information as happened in February of this year and yet the great bulk of society will need to respond and won't be able to without good guidance and detailed information Strategic decision making will be nearly impossible because of the inability through technology to determine who is attacking _ The normal means of diplomatic o r miliary action depends on knowing who is causing the problem Top level decision makers will be limited to decisions like whether to tell the public and perhaps broadcasting messages about the situation that might tempt the attacker into believing things that might be to our strategic advantage like that we are getting close to knowing the identity and that we are preparing to bomb the attackers site Response actions considered at this level will get quagmired in legal and ethical debates because of a lack of forthought on these issues and so inaction will be the norm 5 Short term preparations In the remaining sections of the paper we discuss what might help We do not have all the answers and we do not claim that all the following suggestions are fully worked out or perfect However we are strongly of the opinion that the situation is so serious that it requires concerted and decisive action quickly and that policy options previously inconceivable should be on the table These are our best ideas at present 24 11-L-0559 OSD 221 In this section we discuss ways that the United States could mitigate the ·da ngers discussed in this paper on a timescale of months If we knew this was going to happen in three months time but didn't know any details what would we do to prepare Firstly and most importantly the US should have a clear contingency plan for fighting a cyberwar against a determined and well prepared enemy Who is in charge and what resources are available to them should be determined in adva nce Even a moderate amount of planning and preparation could make a big difference It is our view that cyberwar is different enough from other kinds of warfare that it probably needs its own military service as with ships and airplanes new technologies call for new services A law enforcement perspective is not appropriate for fighting a war The nucleus of that service should be identified and developed now That service should think of its mission as the strategic cyber defense of the United States It will require visionary and talented Jea dership and technical depth Pay scales must be competitive with private computer industry jobs jn order to attract the necessary talent Cyberwa r defense requires strong relationships between government and commerce Those relationships need to be built as rapidly as possible In particular channels of communication with major ISPs are essential response However in order to take this role government must be competent If the government does not have credible technically savvy staff who understand the Internet culture it cannot take a useful role The President must have appropriate emergency powers to compel necessary assistance from ISPs phone companies etc in extremis US computer security companies anti-virus companies computer emergency response team at universities etc should all be aware of who is the government entity in charge in a crisis and know the phone numbers email addresses etc Emergency broadcast system should be available for use in co-ordinating a response and likely responders should be aware this method would be used to co-ordinate A Jaw enforcement perspective must not be allowed to control in an emergency It is essential to communicate rapidly and fully with business and academia to co-ordinate an effective response Cyberwars will be won by the combatant that is able to share information amongst itself quickest and best Military security classification schemes etc also have potential to severely 25 11-L-0559 OSD 222 hamper an effective defense 6 Mediu111 term policy changes In this sectjon we consider legal and policy changes that the US might make We propose a set of measures that we believe would largely eliminate this danger Most of these are fairly difficult painful changes and we have not worked out all the details of them lt would be appropriate to explore possible remedies at much grea ier length in hearings and in public debate However we cannot think of any easy solutions 1 0 the present parlous state of security on the Internet and the consequence of not a ctinf to make ourselves secure are likely to be very severe We believe tha 1 currently proposed policy measures are not nearly adequate to the situa iion We believe the ideas that follow are a lot closer to what is necessary even if not perfect yet lt 's important to understand the key point s about the scenario described above so we reiterate them here There is nothing a critical Internet site can do to protect itself from a well-engineered DDOS a tt a ck No matter'how many security measures the site itself t akes it cannot prevent itself from being overwhelmed with floods of apparently legiiima 1 e requests from elsewhere Similarly there is nothing that ba ckbone Internet backbone providers can do to cut off a DDOS attack that comes from a very large and diverse set of their customers Too many customers would have to be cut off to solve the problem making the cure worse than the disease Thus the Internet creates a historically unique sjt ua tjon Every site is dependent for its functioning on the security of aJ the other sites especially those with high bandwidth connectjons Only when most Internet connected computers are secure will critical Internet sites be reliably available in wartime This is very far from the case toda · There are a number of new computer security vulnerabilities· published every week What happens at present is tha t individual security researchers and practitioners discover these vulnerabj jtjes They either disclose them to the vendor or publish them or both By and large this process is done by people acting in the public interest or in pursuit of peer recognition There is little economic advantage to finding a vulnerability partkularly compared to the potential harm that can be done with a new previously unknown vulnerability Security experts assume tha t there a re many vulnerabilities 26 11-L-0559 OSD 223 tha t never get discovered Even of those that do get discovered many aJ e never tixed by the vendor that supplied the software When the vendor does supply a patch to the product most customers never install the pa1 ch to make their computer secure Thus most computer security experts repard a present day computer as a hopelessly insecure mess riddled with tem of known vulnerabilities and probably hundreds of unknown ones In order for the Internet to be usablt for critical societal applications this has to change 1 0 a situation in which vulnerabilities are rare and fixed quickly It seems overwhelmingly likely that this is possible in principle There is a discipline of software engineering for critical systems that has intensive 11 studied how to create secure well-written programs Even more informal efforts can often produce very good results For example the OpenBSD operating system is created by a team of volunteers who are strongly concerned about security Although Jacking as many applications as systems such as Microsoft Windows and Linux it is a complex modern operating system and it has had no vulnerabilities in the defa ult install for the last two years This despite the fact tha t the team is much smaller than that creating other operating systems and is unpaid Where there is a will there is a way So the problem is not that it is impossible to crea te secure programs it is that the economic incentives in the software industry do not reward doing so Software vendors perceive that it is essential for them to get the most feature laden product possible to market as quickly as possible Hence their modus oper8Jldi is to make the product extremely complex and ship it as quickly as they dare It is inevitable that the result contains many many errors and some of these will be security relevant The economic consequences of a security bug to a vendor are modest A sm-all amount of engineering time must go into creating the patch and there is some negative consequence to the vendor's reputation However the public seems to be accustomed to such reports and a constant stream of them does not seem to have changed anything Self regulation is extremely unlikely to be effective in the face o f persistent economic incentives to ship ever more complex software in a hurry Similarly for the customer installing a pa t·ch is a time-consuming and annoying task that does not increase the functionality of the computer for the customer It is low down on the todo list for whoever should be doing it In many cases customers may not even be aware of the need to install patches or know how So it is usually not done 27 11-L-0559 OSD 224 ln peacetime the costs of these problems are manageable ln wartime they will not be There are a variety of possible ways to change the system to make it func ion bet t er Our view is that the best approach is 1 0 make minimal changes in the system except t o introduce new economic incentives We also think it best 1 0 minimize the size of new government bureaucracies that must be created Large a dmjnistraiive burea cra cies tend not t o be ver effective and the US has a long hist ory of very expensive failure in trying 10 secure operating systems by creating complex regulations and bureaucratiereviews carried out by government agencies and contractors Our solution is as follows This is an outline with notional numbers lt will be necessary t o work out the details with more care than we have taken here Any vendor who ships soft ware which might get installed on Internet connected computers must register with a new Software Quality Bureau SQB Since a vulnerable application on Internet connected computers is a national security risk this is a reasonable requirement The purpose of registration is simply so the SQB can keep track of vendors Vendors who did not register would be criminalized Registration should be kept minimal in cost and complexity even a very srna H company or an individual should be able to na viga t e the process without undue hardship Next independent researchers who discover vulnerabilities can report them to the SQB in confidence together with enough information to reproduce the problem The SQB must acknowledge receipt of the notice within a couple of working days The SQB then verifies the existence of the vulnerability Within a couple of weeks it must contact the vendor of the software in question who is fined I% of annual sales for the product and has to produce a patch or face a n a ddit ional fine Of that fine money 25% goes back to the independent researcher The rest is revenue for the government This will allow vulnera biHty researchers t o become extremely wealthy and famous This will create very strong incentives to develop a much larger population of such researchers who will be motivated to exha ustiveJy analyze any software product of any consequential market Most vulnerabilities in existing products will be found Meanwhile vendors who ship insecure software will face financial consequences that are serious enough that they will have to change how they operate Vendors who cannot evolve to ship a secure product will go out of business However human ingenuity being what it is most vendors will evolve 28 11-L-0559 OSD 225 Note that it is not necessary for the government to tell vendors ho ' to create secure products something the government is very unlikely to do well or to find problems itself something it is unlikely to do systematically enough It is much better for the government Lo give others the right economic incentives and let them figure out how to maximize their income in the resulting system A few wrinkles that might be useful It will probably be necessary to phase in this scheme over a year or two give vendors time to adjust There should be incentives for the SQB to work efficiently For example if the SQB cannot fulfill it's obligations within a couple of weeks then the researcher might get a larger share of the taJ e There should be a technical court of appeals to which the vendor can c9mpla in if it doesn't agree with the SQB verdict We note that this will increase the cost of software to some degree and slow the time io market That is a necessary price to pay for a secure society All vendors wj face the same environment so it should not create unfairness However it is likely that software vendors will oppose this scheme very strongly out of inertia Having persua ded the vendors to produce a more secure product and to reHablv create pa tches for those problems that are found society still faces the problem of end users and computer administrators who do not have adequate incentive t o install ·those patches They too must be given a reason to do the right thing Someone who places an unpatched or misconfigured system on the Internet puts all of us at risk to some degree It is a kin to driving around on the highway with bad bra kes ln the highway domain when the police notice a car with a mechanical problem they issue a fix it ticket to the driver A similar mechanism could be used in the lniernet case Law enforcement perhaps the· Na tional Infrastructure Protectjon Center NIPC could routinely scan the computers and email addresses in the United States parts of the Internet to ensure that all are patched up to date This can be done from the Internet in an automated fashion Any vulnerable computers are issued a fix-it ticket If the owners do not fix the system after a few weeks they are fined A difficulty is that it is presently somewhat difficult to decide what addresses are within the US and what are not Additional registration is going to be necessary Probably the best approach is to do this via Internet Ser- to 29 11-L-0559 OSD 226 vice Providers At sign-up with a US lSP a customer and the ISP must provide enough information about IP a ddresl es aJ1d email a ddresses that the computer can be remotely tested for vu nerabilities An alternative is to place the requirement of vu nera bj jty testing on the JSPf This considerably mit iga 1 e the privacy impa ct s of having law enforcement perform the task lt will increa se the cost and complexity oi being an ISP however and place JSPs in aJJ enforcement position This will increase the cost to end users of lnt ernet use Aga in the problem is that we have not been paying the true cost of having an Internet which is actualh safe for societal purposes Another useful measure would be ma ndat ory egress filtering At present it is quite common for routers to be configured such that packets can emerge from a network with forged source a ddresses This greatly hampers the target of an attack in locating the source This should be illegal We also a clvocate mandatory reporting of computer security incidents System a dministrators security consu1tants monitoring companies etc should be mandatory reporters of incidents where there is evidence of a crime Gust as teachers etc are mandatory reporters of child abuse Law enforcement should collect incident reports and looks for patterns Any evidence of new vulnera bmties being used should be immediat elyfia gged and escalated Owners of chunks of IP space are responsible for the security of computers in that space NIPC will fine the IP that sourced the incident For incidents originating overseas NIPC will handle the lia son with it's foreign equivalent We believe the measures outlined above would help the situation in the US -greatly However a considerable amount of bandwidth in connections is available between the US and foreign countries Since the US cannot do much about the internet security situation overseas all that bandwi'dth should be considered ava Hab e to an enemy in a war At the moment there is no way to know how much bandwidth is available of this kind or even who controls it lt is important that this problem be studied We aJso believe that the US should have the abiHty to disconnect itself from the rest of the world in an emergency or to disconnect itself from specific links that become problematic This means establishing clear procedures and appropriate regulatory authority so that these links can be dropped at the order of the President in a serious emergency It should be emphasized that this measure is likely to cause grave economic distress itself as much int erna tionaJ trade and operations of international companies depends on the Internet It should not be done 30 11-L-0559 OSD 227 - lightly However it might be better than continuing to suffer severe domestic disruption Next 1 we discuss a variety of ongoing trends and policy measures that we consider dangerous in light of the a bove analysis We urpe caution on these trends until the situation is improved The Internet is not safe enough i o use for critical societal applications No critical infra$t ructure should depend on the a vailabilit v of the Internet to continue working This includes electricity financial and stock trading gas and oil phones rail transport trucking food distribution- military logistics and operations just-in-time inventor sit es for critical products and so on Owners of such facilities must understand the need to delay any plans to use the Internet to co-ordinate their operation In general the move to large scale e-commerce is dangerous We realize that this will be an incredibl unpopular opinion But as a society we have not even begun to think through the national security implications of doing all our commerce over a network that has no national boundaries After it is a n accomplished fact is not the right time to be thinking about it In particular routing voice calls over the Internet is not appropriate for any critical infrastructures An organization that does this risks that its phone connectivity will disappear at the same time as its Internet connectivity Information security practitioners should not depend on voice-over-IF Similarly the operation of broa dcast media such as radio or TV etc should not depend on IP connectivity to work To the extent the Internet is used to propagate signals for these services they are vulnerable to attack We cannot afford to lose the use of these services in wartime 7 Long Term Research Agenda The nation is approximately blind and powerless against sophisticated cybeJ attack To counter this problem we recommend a vigorous focused research investment Given the magnitude of the threat we believe that we should examine Herculean efforts such as the creation of the DEWLINE against the over-the-pole nuclear bomber threat and the Manhattan project against the nuclear threat for inspiration on how 1 0 construct an appropriate program in defense of the cyberwar threat It must also be recognized that there are genuine research problems to be 31 11-L-0559 OSD 228 solved and thus solutions cannot be ordered on demand nor can a top down program t o bui d large syst ems guarant ee results We need to inspire the best minds of our generation t o work on this problem and we need them to understand it and contribute their ideas as rapidly as possible Good mind need some freedom and aut onomy t o do their greatest work Government research managers need t o aJ ow a VaJ iety of competing approaches to develop and then rapidly direct fundjng t o those which show the most promise t is important that the government it self recruit the smartest taJent it can a tt ract t o manage research in this area W e suggest that the following principals guide research efforts • Cyberwar defense research should draw from multiple discipHnes Besides the obvious relevance of computer science and network engineering other fields are relevant at least for inspiration and metaphor and often for practical techniques Artificial intelligence complexity and scaling theory st a tisticaJ physics biology and mathematics all havf' something to offer Sociology criminology mmtary history and sy 1 ems theory are extremely relevant Analogies and techniques from conventional kinetic warfare can be very useful • This is an applied problem of critical national importance It is essential that researchers gain exposure to operational information security environments Solving abstract versions of the problem is only helpful if the abstractions capture the important features The ivory towel must be directly wired to the network to produce useful results • Information Assurance is in a trade-off with other critical properties such as syst em functionality and performance We need to be ab e ·to int elllgent y adjust this trade-off during system operation to offer up the best defense Static systems will become ineffective • On the Internet policy and technology are tightly coupled Technologists have created systems with profound policy implications that were not thought through at all Policymakers often fail completely to understand the technological options Policy and technology must interact • t is vital that the community have a thorough understanding of the potential adversaries their ca pa bj jties and tactics 32 11-L-0559 OSD 229 - • Any successful solution must be scalable 1 0 a ddress the strategic pe1vasive ·nat ure of the nation s modern crit icaJ infrast ructures We must learn how to defend in depth as well as in breadth • We must think about a tta ck stra teg y and defensive counter-strategies as an evolution in time and project forwa rd several moves ahead as in chess playing to find the most effective nest move whether that move be in system design operation or even research ii e1f We now turn to specific research problems We organize them according to the following decomposition • Seeing - Decision-makers need the ability to comprehend what is happening to their systems especially when they are global • Acting- Timely appropriate and coordina t ed actions are required to mitigate threats to critical systems • Building - Designers need the tools to develop inherently survivable information systems especially when they are large and complex - • Sharing - Operators need the a bility to share information as needed among appropriate parties without putting that information at risk 7 1 Seeing To act you have to first be able to see the adversary The following problems are unsolved or inadequately solved • Today computer intrusion detection systems can detect local known exploits but unreliably and with many false positives They cannot be deployed on fast networks for performance reasons More research is needed to make them work better and faster and t o be able to handle unknown attacks and variations on attacks intended to confuse them • In the future we need to detect sophisticated novel attacks on a national scale This field is in its infancy and much more work is needed on techniques to fuse and visualize information from the local scale into a broad picture We need new methods of comprehending what is happening on large networks and in large applications 33 11-L-0559 OSD 230 - • We need more research on a nomalv detection so that network traffi« that is simply weird can be bought t o human attention for furtheJ analysj • Techniques 1 0 incorporat e real world jnformation such as news stories into the pic1 ure would be tremendously helpful to make seme out of the impHca tions of the unfolding situa iion • We need research in organizationaJ modeling to understand how an 01·ganiza tional mission depends on the computing infrastructure services so the effect of attacks can be assessed with respect to the more meaningful mission function We also need under this heading to create an Indications and Warning capability based on the creation of implicit attack models tha t a re tracked with respect to ongoing events We could then use these models to help design and drive a sophisticated sensor grid including a capability 1 0 tune and task those sensors for the most relevant cyber events - • We need research into how to crea t e more accountability on the Internet It would be devastating to face a serious cyberwar attack with no idea who was responsible 7 2 Acting Today to respond t o atta ck operators must ma ke on-the-fly judgements about the best action with little context They have to implement their decisions manually by reconfiguring each individual relevant component like for example blocking specific ports on firewaJls or changing session cryptographic keys on an Secure Sockets Layer SSL connection In the future we must seek to crea 1 e a decision support system to help quickly develop and evaJua te potential courses of actions a command execution system that allows automated orchestrated response and a control subsystem that determines if the commands applied had the desired effect We must create this sort of capability at both the tactical and strategic level The tactical system capability could be based in the application of control theory to cyber defense Critical elements could include goal-state specification the creation of linear impulse functions system state projection requiring a sensot grid within the defended network and some form of comparison function 34 11-L-0559 OSD 231 - between the sta t e projectjon and the @ OaJ st at e which decides on t he appropriate impulse funciion The strategic capability probably ought to be based more in command and control planning techniques using artificial int em encf ' technology Under this activity we should hold waa-games between red a t· tacker and blue defender forces t o develop general-purpose strategy and tactics suited to situations with particular chara ct eristics The results ought to be what we call the high-value cyber defense play-book 7 3 Bui1ding Today trust worthy syst ern design is a black art that is done through exhaustion one tries to counter as many vulnera bilities as possible until a va i a b e resources are exha ust ed similar to bug t esting In the future we need to enable the design of systems with engineered assurance properties using tools analogous t o Computer Automated Design CAD tools used by hardware engineers today To crea t e an effective Security Engineer's CAD system we must initiate two critical and deeply related thrusts analysis and design In the analysis thrust we expect t o create better analysis tools and techniques including better and more effective red teams qua metric To create a security co-designer workbench in support of the design thrust we must quickly initiate work on vulnera bj jty modeling and counter-measure effectiveness modeling Such models will aJ ow designers to understand the comprehensive set of atta cks against a putative system and guide them toward the countermeasures that are most effective against the most significant attacks Some aspects of the Internet infrastructure are also quite obviously not robust enough 1 ey data bases such as the DNS and the IP address to contact information at ARIN APNIC etc need to be highly available even in the presence of large scale attack Work is needed on protocols and algorithms to construct fault tolerant secure data bases which a re close to invulnerable to denial of service attacks These need to be engineered to be practical on the Internet For critical infrastructure transaction processing to be safe on the Internet it must be done in a distributed fa ult tolerant way that resists DDOS Content distribution networks are a good start towards this but much more is needed Critical transaction processing sites need to be designed with large scale cyberwar attacks in mind they are on the front line 35 11-L-0559 OSD 232 - Further work is needed by economi5ts orp aJ1izational ps vchologjsts and business professors to understand t he rettSons why software produced by real world organiza tions is so insecure and unreliable Policy proposals to addres this need to be refined scaJe attacks would work on the Also a number of issues about how anze 'lnt ernet a re very poorly understood There is great scope for sjmula tion and analysis work to try to understand how large a DDOS a t t a ck could be hov worms propagate and what the bottlenecks would be We have very little understanding in detail even of the incidents that ha ve already occurred We know what the tools were like but have very limited understanding of the history of the tools propagation and effects during the incident 7 4 Shari11g Today there is tremendous pressure t o share jnformation between intercompany systems for the sake of speed a nd efficiency Still because of a lack of trust in technology the amount of such sharing is limited to well below what it would be jf we could share with higher confidence Today we have all-or-nothing sharing There is no good way to specify the domains of sharing and keep the transactions t o those domains In the future we need to create tailored on-the-fly priva t e colJa bora tive cyberspaces To do this we must create powerful specifica tion languages for policies a means to negotiate sharing policies on-the-fly and a means t o verifia bly to all connected parties demonstrate that the constraints of all parties involved in the sharing are satisfied 8 Conclusion Row did the Unites States get into this mess • We have built a network which has no concept wha tE oever of national boundaries in a war every lnt ernet sit e is directly on the front line • We have attached a large number of general purpose computers to that network 36 11-L-0559 OSD 233 - • We have developed a software industrv in which the economk incentives reward deljverjng complex feat ure-Ja den products quickly witli inadequate attention to reliabi1ity or· security • We are a ut omating critical functions of our economy using the resulting combined system • We have given very little thought t o national security in the process If we do not change course soon we will pay a very high price for our lack of foresight 9 Acknowledgements The authors tha nk the following for very helpful discu·ssions during the preparation of this paper • Vern Paxson of ACIRJ for a vjgorous and helpful crjtjque of our early jdeas The debate with Vern improved the paper considerably • Susan Levy Haskell of the University of Minnesota for a fascinating account of discovering and responding to the first large scale DDOS attack together with several valuable suggestions for thjs work • Roe of Jonkman of the Unjversity of l a nsas for a good deal of helpful information on network infrastructure and possible attacks against it together with helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper • Ray Parks of Sandia National La bs for helpful suggestjons and comments on this paper • Maria Levy of Silicon Defense for very valuab e assistance with target jng research • Finally this was a large project that required extensive debate and discussion and it was finished on a very tight deadline That has prevented us from doing a remotely adequate job at acknowledging our many intellectual debts to the colleagues who have influenced our thinking over the years A number of thjnkers in the intrusjon detection and infowar 37 11-L-0559 OSD 234 communities ha ve had a growing sense of doom for over a decade and ha ve sa id so in a va rietv of ways and forums lf anyone feels slighted by our lack of attribution we apologize • Notwithstanding the a cknowled@ements above this paper represent the views of the authors aJone which may or may not be subscribed to bv a cknowledgees 10 Author Biographies 1 0 1 Stuart Staniford Stuart was educated at the University of Oxford the University of Sussex and the University of California a t Davis Be obtained a PhD in theoretical particle physics from UC Davis in 1993 and a MS in Computer Science there in 1995 He was a computer security researcher at UC Davis until starting his own company Silicon Defense in 1998 Stuart is president of the company which does research in computer security and provides outsourced computer intrusion detection monitoring for other businesses Stuart has done research in network intrusion detection in detecting distributed a ttacks such as worms and scans in locating attackers over the lnt ernet and in intrusion detection int eroperability Be co-chairs the IETF'F intrusion detection exchange format working group JDWG and is a member of several program committees and editorial boards in the areas of intrusion detection and computer vulnerabj jtjes He is a UK citizen l 0 2 0 Sarni Saydjari Sarni has been an information assurance researcher since 1984 He has held research positions at the Na tiona l Security Agency the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and is the creator and leader of the newly formed Cyber Defense Research Center at SRI 10 3 Ken Williams Ken received his BS from Wofford College He attended the US Naval Postgra dua te School and obtained a PhD in theoretical quantum chemistry from 38 11-L-0559 OSD 235 the University of Southern California in 1966 He is a retired Naval Office1 who has worked for several svst em integratjon and t echno ogy firms and currently is Chief Technology Officer of Zel Technologies LLC With over 35 years experience in informa tion technology and applications he has been C 1 developer architect and integra tor of military Command Control Communications and Intelligence systems for kinetic wa rfare lien is Principal Investigator on a DARPA Information Assurance and Survivability project to a da pt kinetic 'warfare Intelligence Preparation of the Ba ttlespa ce methods to cyberspace He used Intelligence Preparation of the lnformation Battlespa ce techniques to assist in the target development portion of this pa per 39 11-L-0559 OSD 236 snowflake May 3 2001 TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld1l 4 32 PM SUBJECT Joint Bases We have to look at joint bases where Services share a base rather than own them completely Thanks DHR dh 050301-26 11-L-0559 OSD 237 OIYY'GyOQI snowflake TO Bill Schneider CC David Chu Dov Zakheim - u FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 9 2001 l1 SUBJECT Tricare Thanks for your memo on Tricare Would you please talk to Dov Zakheim and David Chu about that and see if we can get something going I have attached a copy of your memo to their copies of this memo to you Thanks DHRla zn 05090 1 03 2 Attach U09094 01 c nasn 11-L-0559 OSD 238 0 t Y'Y q I oS I t£ t t00c-lt-A W · William Schneider Jr MEMORANDUM May 9 2001 TO Hon Don Rumsfeld cc Hon Dov Zakheim FROM William Schneider Jr SUBJECT Expectations of military personnel on ''Tricare for Life may still be unsettled The attached newspaper report Tricarc for Life Details in Flux from a local newspaper in a conununity Colorado Springs with a high density of military retirees The article suggests that there may still be a window of opportunity before Tricare goes · into effect on October 1st to adjust the details of the program to render its cost acceptable and predictable To the extent adminisuative changes are insufficient statutory relief could be sought through the FY 01 supplemental appropriation act though obtaining an authorization change would require a procedural waiver 0 asn 11-L-0559 OSD 239 v0'd lt1101 - Colorado Springs Gazette May 9 2001 'Tricare For Life' Details In Flux By 1ohn Diedrich The Gazene Military retirees who are expecting to qualify for the new Tricare for Life plan should not change any of their insurance until the new program is final said an official with the program The plan which was passed by Congress and signed by then Prcsident Bill Clinton last year is intended to improve health care for military retirees age 65 and older Tricarc the m iliwy's HMO-style health plan has not been guaranteed for retirees Many have supplemented Medicare with private insurance Tricare for Life begins Oct l and is expected to act as a supplement to Medicare But Linda Hood marketing service representative for TriWest the regional contractor for Tricare said details are still being worked out She is advising retirees not to drop other insurance they may have yet She is one of the speakers at the second annual Veterans' Porum today at The Penrose House The event which required reservations is full Hood also is advising retirees to make sure they arc in the Defense Eligibility Enrollment Reporting System and are signed up for Medicare parts A and B Congress also passed a new pharmacy benefit for retirees that took effect April l It allows them to get prescription drugs at civilian pharmacies Before retirees were covered only at base pharmacies which often didn't carry medication needed by elderly people JOf'lM1 R· 7 Al v0 v0'd Bl£Z vt9 £0l 11-L-0559 OSD 240 C JJasn t£ ct t00Z-lt-A W snowflake - May 10 2001 TO i General Jones Admiral Clark FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Okinawa 7 40 AM b6J 5Hfi -rvJ LAtf 1 °b I j ll6Le i - 4- Attached is an article written by Jim Webb on whether we should leave Okinawa I was interested in the last paragraph that said the U S has tended to leave the Japanese to deal with the issue as to why it is important for American troops to be in Okil awa and the statement that it is possible the U S ought to be the one explaining it --· You might want to give some thought to that Attach - 3 11101 Parade article by James Webb Should We Leave Okinawa DHR dh 051001-1 U09051 01 11-L-0559 OSD 241 IUllJ a t iuus I or IUller i can troops 1 ugu nome aaecoratea Manne ana ex-1 avy ecretary examines whether we can afford to give up our most important military outpost in the Pacific II 1llle1111 houl We Leave inawa i• 114 1 on' ' akl1 Contributing Editor Janres Webb was S rt tory of the Navy under Prt sident R'agan Earli11r he received the Navy Cross and the SilverStar for his servir t as o Marine 111 Virtnum In Junuan Webb made his latest of many visits to Okinawa for PARADE His mission to explore 1h11 implications of removing U S forces mm 1h11 island known 0 g11n11roli01U of Gls as The Rock HE FIRST TIME I EVER saw Okinawa in 1969 I -arrived at Kadena Air Force Base on a military charter from California by way of Hawaii and Wake Island Military buses shuttled us past fields of sugarcane and small windswept towns rebuilt in the quarter-cenwrysincetheislandhadbeen flattened in World War Il's costliest Pacific battle Like most of the 400 000 Marines who went to Vietnam I was processed at Camp Hansen Back then the camp was an ocean of adrenaline Racial tensions mrong Americans were high Kin a village just outside the camp was filled with bars and strip jo The air was charged with the p of violence from Marines on thf da'f into or out d a war that 1MlUld claim 100 000 casualties for their corps Today Okinawa is far more staid Many of the 19 000 Marines stationed there-and most of the I 0 000 Air Force Navy and Anny forces-are on lhreeyear tours with their families The raucous barracks of the pa t have largely been replaced by apartmert towers PAlch f the training takes place off-island Sensitivity to Okinawan civilians is extreme Just last m rih for exafl1lle the chief of U S forces on the island publicly apologized for a leaked e-mail in which he called Okinawan officials ''wimps Bars and clubutill exist but the tone is subdued America once an occupier has becolTe a tolerated guest _ de dllntro L T prlic and lhecumin in a small heaLAdd I fOI cenL Add then sim ro - s a Hiil I into Lin Above Okinawa lies within striking distance of potential crises throughout l ast Mia L8ft A helicopter unit part of the 18 ooo- tPOrre MariMf-on OlclM _ t Futenma Corps Air Station Right An 11111118 --year · 11ase1 If war were to break out U S troops on Okinawa would beaniona thellrst to fight U S _ --- durlngllll- nlo against anY Vhere 1n East Asta Still tensions between Okinawans and Ammcanscan erupt When a Japanese court found that three Gis were involved in the rape of an Okinawan girl in 1995 the island's then-governor Masahide Ola led protests demanding an American withdrawal Cooler heads prevailed and B y J Ola who ran on this issue in 1998 was not reelected But even without such tensions dlCR have been serious calls in both America and Japan in recent years for the bases to be removed Some claim U S forces there have outlived their strategic relevance Others say that the island A M E s 11-L-0559 OSD 242 w whose population has lripled I I million since World War U has the baml and needs IO modemia ilsa ianomy and reclaim its heritage I have been to Okinawa many amcs since my first stop there on the way to war On my most recent visit in J - E B B ThEPaclftc s Deadliest Battle Okinawa is forever burned into Iwentwith memory as the 91te - of the bloodiest Pacitic battle of World War II Viewed by U S planners as an ideal location fOI' stsging an lnvalon of Japan the island was et el by 180 000 American troops on April 1 184 At first they met little Nelatanae _ the had pulled back to the heavily tGPtltled southern tip of the lllmldw taking most of Okinawa's 450 000 alvlhnl with ti-- It took U S toroes less than The Japanese d ath toll was tt weeks tooaplupe ­ staggering about 93 000 Okinawa Vfalous RC for · troops-and about 84 000 the aouth however continued clvillsns-many of whom killed until June 21 Altogether • theinMlves The Japanese about 12 sooAmePlodw suicide pilots known as killed and 36 000 wounded kamikazes sank 30 U S v _ •eturned with one important question iVhat are the true implications of a U S pullout not only for American interests in East Asia but also for Okinawa Unlike the rest of Japan Okinawa has mingled with foreigners for centuries Okinawans are not considered ethnic Japanese either in Japan or among them· selves The Ryukyu Islands to which Okinawa belongs were annexed by Japan in 1879 before then Okinawans paid tribute to both Chinese and Japanese warlords From 1945 until 1972 the island was a U S protectomte and even today it hosts the majority of all Ols in Japan Among those who believe the U S should remain strong in thePacific there is little argument that Okinawa-350 miles from Taipei 700 from Seoul 800 from Manila and about 1500 from Singapore-is ideally situated not only for the defense of Japan but also for rapid deployment to a wide array of potential crises Annually Marines from Okinawa participate in about 70 training exercises throughout the Pacific Rim plus hu· manitarian missions to locations such as Bangladesh and East Timor If war were to break out anywhere in that vast region they would be among the first to go Ironically some U S defense planners Jlieve that the limits American forces have placed on themselves in order to satisfy the Okinawan people arc too restrictive leading them to recommend a substantial withdrawal from the island Last October a much-publicized study sponsored by the National Defense University recommended a diverilification throughout the Asia-Pacific region of U S forces on Okinawa And former Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto now minister for Okinawan affairs lpC8ks often of the suffering of the Okinaw1111 people asa result of the American bases implicitly supporting their removal There ts little argument that Okinawa is ideally situated not only for the defense of Japan but also for rapid deployment to a wide array of pote tial cnses one important question What are the true implications of a U S pullout not only for American interests in East Asia but • a1 also for the C Okinawans j _ themselves a Supporters of withdrawal are vague about where these -'diversified forces would be based Some invoke the politically volatile Philippines where U S bases existed until 1992 Others hint at already crowded Guam or the sparsely populated Northern M11ri11nas Some say Singapore or even Vietnam But in my view it's important to make a distinction between sending units based on Oki- Masako Adaniya 's family disowned her when she manied M ' Mlfl Harold 0 INU on Okinawa in 1970 When her son Shogo was born a year later Masaka I mother refused to visit even though she IWllW iii the US Ar119' lwlpi aJ where her · grantbon wwu born I did not exist to W 11 m alls Masako who later moved to the US Fartruratdy ' 1ions eventually warmed tww 29 and Ilia sister Mini 28 both US Naval Academy groduaies visited estranged relatiNs wltlltJ serving on Okinawa as Marines Their sister Erika 24 visited _a cadet at the Air Force A ''I'm proud of both the American and Okinawan · cultures s s Shogo a Marine captain The Coltnll amlly 'i impressive journey within tat one generation has been repeated by thousands of Americans of Old· nawan ancestry During the 1990s al one more than 2000 Okinawan women were lflllrried to American servicemen 11-L-0559 OSD 243 nawa to train in other countries and re· locating them permanently The volatile Pacific of today demands that U S fon es be consolidated Yet most diversification scenarios would put more of our forces at risk by scattering them among coun· tries where the governments are not as stable The only locations without such political risks are Australia and Hawaii •• notes Dr Mackubin T Owens a profes sor of strategy the Naval War College And there is another consideration It is far from clear that the Okinawans really want us to leave Perhaps the greatest change of the past 55 years has been the subtle merg· ing of two cultures Despite periodic friction Okinnwans have come to un·· derstand the Americans and the pres-· cncc of the bases says the noted Okinawan historian KurayoshiTakara Yasumitsu Tsuha a community leader and participant in negotiations torelocate an air facility near his town of Oinowan aftinns Takara's observation The pcri • od before reversion to Japan allOV't9d us to reconsider our own historicaluniqucncss as Okinawans At the same time wecame to know Americans and to adrTire their cul Man ' Okinawans term their will· ingness to adapt to outside influences as c hompurabunko- stir-friedculture c ontinuec Okina 'ans who oppose U S bases do so for vary- • ine reasons Some are concerned about miliw ism Olhers know controversy tends ro increase rbe generous p aymcnts lllllde lo those who lcuc the lllld on which the bases arc SCI Finally lher'e's an activist coa6Uon of Japanese IJ'8dc wlloo isas Olmmunists and Social Democrats dedicated 10 mnovin1 both the bases and American influence from OkinawL This faction blldled former govcmorOta whose oftea ­ pres ed pl was a peaceful miliwy free OkinaWL ReUred Marine Col Gary Anderson spentle ICD ya S on Okinawa and commanded Camp Hansen for two Recalling lhc 1995 rape be Old me Ola is ddt at manipuhding pblic opinion and he cynically blrnlld lhe incident inw a nalioaal crisis Coiidemning lhe incidents Anderson llOlldhclcss argues for a sense of propoltiali vmu every c ommunily in the us would welcome N ID• I bases were removed CblruL would attempt to 8lt8nd Its IDDuence over Okinawa _ _ Ola l i f•Ollill WM lt1ttinat Botft -t te le vetMlmlMIL aaimc n11e as low as hi far Oii' saviccmen m Okimwa Indeed serious crime by Amcric llls haSdropped 78c lin the lust 10 years and aRICCllt poll indiaucd lhul 74'if of Okinawans hllw a favorable opinion ofthe U S While most would prcfern duaionsin lhe bases only I believe all Amclk ims should leaYc adnaWlllS also undcrsWld the economic bcndit Americans briJll lO their island poom1tof J11p111 s47 pcf'CCIUICll about$1 2 billion a year or roughly S1000 for c YCI ' Okinawan Because of the Second World War Okinawans m extrcmcly unairnfonable widl mililmism says the bi slorian ''But Ibis is not necessarily directed at America itself The removal of U S bases al o 'Wllllld have implicaliom for a JaUJF11t Cllina Olniawa 's rdaliotls wilh dial country go badt mon than SOO years and many Okinaw1115 are proud ofsuch lies In recent decades lhe Chinese ha'c played upoo OkinaWllll goodwill and dae is liule doubc that if US bases were mqoved China would 1111t mp to elllend its influc na over Okinawa which is ncamIO 'Iiipei lhan Tokyo l alcJy Olma has shown an insis- • N4 • N4 • N4 tent tendency to i onfrontJapan Chinese military 'CS· sefs made at least 17 incursiom inlo Japanese Wiim last year n addition Oiina sdll claiaui JllJlllll's Senkaku Islands lying between Taiwan and Okinawa And China has never accepted Okinawa's I 972 revenion 10hpm Military bases bring IWbilities as well as benefils whedier in Hawaii home to man than 41 0CXJ uoops or on Okinawa But few can dispute he imponanl bulion made to regional 5l8bility by roopcralioll - - lhe U S military Bild the Okinawan people Now is die time to allde the known-Okinawa-for new cidicukies in lllhcrCOlllllries or filr the U S to ft ducr iG pDence in Asia ill the face of an inviglnled Oiinac miituy A wisercourSe I bclie¥C would be to conriaue Ral elfor1s lO restnlcUlle the bases on Okinawa in a -ay dul is compatible widl die island's fuwre fundamaQI io lhar is a belier articulalion of our rcasom for a i 1 '° Oki llOleS Kun O$bJ bul it lilmt1ilnfTor many IO I irimpodancc The U S always alb 'Cd the to explain the importanee of American troops bul die Japonex llSUlllly deal with the issue lhrouJh a llidance The U S needs lO explain ·1 lmlc ed it does-both in Japan and ' q ----- --- -·- ------11-L-0559 OSD 244 May 10 2001 TO Dan Dell' Orto FROM Don a 1d Rumsfetpi - 2 25 PM SUBJECT Promotions I am told it takes months for commanders captains rear admirals and admirals to get through the confirmation process The Services spend a long time going through it checking everything then it comes up to OSD and it goes through a process then it goes to the White House and it goes through a process then it goes to the Hill and goes through a process What do you think about having a reform where the Service is the checker and we approve it swiftly and by exception the White House does the same thing and the real responsibility is left with the Senate If they want to hire a lot of people and do all that why not let them DHR dh 051001-19 U12604 02 11-L-0559 OSD 245 N - O snowflake TO MAY 12 DH CC Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 12 2001 J SUBJECT Laser Surgery Why don't you folks think about whether or not we ought to have a common policy for pilots with respect to laser surgery for their eyes I don't know a lot about it but my understanding is that people all over the world are doing it these-days and that it is just terrific Vision is dramatically improved Since we are having trouble keeping our pilots why would we want to have an antiquated rule that was established before laser surgery contribute to our getting' rid of pilots who could fly perfectly well Also why should the services have different rules Any thoughts Thank you DHR izn 051201 02 cc Uo v dl Chv ell Wo fu tJn'- ·U09274 01 11-L-0559 OSD 246 TO David Chu cc Dov Zakheirn Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rurnsfeld DATE May 14 2001 SUBJECT Costs 21JOI 11 'f 15 HJ S 21 Why don't we get a way to calculate fully burdened costs for all people that we detail out that goes up to and includes lifetime health care Thanks DHR azn 051401 07 U09273 01 11-L-0559 OSD 247 ··-snowflake May 19 2001 11 15 AM TO FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Fortune Article Please send Condi Rice a copy of that Fortune magazine article from 25 Th nk years ago a s DHR dh 051901-12 IJ1 r J1 1'-t w111J A fft UJ 7 1J S #fJ ue h W'tf'O 411 C- #ote w IM r 70 Jiii £' ' t l SECDEFCABLES DIS'IRlBUTION SEroEF SPLASST EXOOB DfJ'SE CDE f Ccl D CXD USDP I y - J CABLE QI - FllJO' U09564 11-L-0559 OSD 248 01 - · · ·· i · -· · · · ·· - · _ ··· ·- _ _ r · ·tr - ' ' The Teleplione Companies'····· · California Nightmare ·f°' · - - · · Du Pont and Dow Rival Strategies for the 1980's If 0 0 VI 0 c J c ° J A North American Common Market t•J Ill A II I ' a 11-L-0559 OSD 249 - APolitician·Turned·Executiv1 The culture shock of a businessman attempting to apply wa'S described in detail byW Michael Blumenthal in the Jsnuaty 29 1979 issue of FORTUNE The former Bendix chalrmafl who was then Secretary of the Treasury provided candid lnsight into the difficulties of adjusting to the federal bureau racy and specifically to the Carter style of govemmer1t -difficulties that hastened his departure from the Cabinet wo monthS ago · Donald Rumsfeld for the past two president and - hief executive of G D Searle also qualifies as being na rare position to compare the widely different worlds of Jusiness and government but from the opposite vantageJ ojl M The flrst phase of his political career spanned foure in Congress repressntlng the Republican Thlrteenth istrict of Illinois He ·resigned his seat in 1969 to take on a rx csssion of JOWfltfU'posts in the Nixon and Ford Adninistrations director of the Office of Economic Opportuuty chctor of the Cotlt of Living Council wsge-prictl ' Ofltrols ambassador to NA TO white House chief of sta ff rnd S« retal ' of Defense Even if President Ford had not been defeated in 1976 it vas Rtmsfeld's intention to leave government at an ear yr ime and seek a new career in the private sector I felt it vould create an imbalance if I spent my entire career in' ·ovemrnent he now says although he also makes it cleart fiat at forty-seven his political yearnings are far from J fll ed Rumsfeld freely admits his lack of previous business xperience Nevertheless he believes that the critical tasks e performed in the executive branch of the government 'alnedhlm in the art Of crisis management Precisely these oubl shooting skills were required at Searle-a faltering vnily-nn phB mSCeutlcsl firm which was being cJra9 Jed JMof7 by unprofitable acquisitlons inadequate research cl run-ins with the Food and Drug Administration In re mt extended conveiss_tions with Roy Rowan a member f FORTUNE'S board of editors Rumsfeld explains why he IC - job at Searle and compares his new business 1lft1rJl'dngs with the world of government where he spent Yeen years ls executive skills to the high echelons of government ca After the 1976 election having been in government tha many years I didn't want to make a decision right away While sorting out what I would do next I lectured at Prince ton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and Intemationa Affairs and Northwestern's Graduate School of Manage ment It wasn't too long before I pretty well figured out that 1 wanted to be in business I've never had an opportunity tc develop any great appetite for having money I finished government with very mcXfest savings but I was happy AU of the business opportunities presented to me were so much better paid than I was accustomed to in government that salary certainly wasn't the deciding factor My desire was to be folly engaged not just peripherally involved I didn't want 1to be associated with a company in a non-central position In any event the Searle family having decided to bring lin outside management offered me this job In April 1977 I decided to do it starting in June I spent the interveningperiod talking to people accumulating different perspectives on what was working well and what might need attention established task forces with a mix of directors employiees and outsiders on each concentrating on five an 8I ffinancing government compliance scientific research CID I' porate costs and an examination of Searle' s various busilnesses throughout the world We weren't trying to reinvent the wheel Searle was and is a good company but it was a small pharmaceutical house vhich had grown into one that diversified and expanded hroughout the world With the help·of the task forces we came to some conclusions about what needed to be done Ye decided to divest twenty of our marginal businesses Ye also agreed that it would be helpful to have an outside board of directors We reviewed our Puerto Rican portfolio and repatriated a considerable sum of money We decided to move to a less centralized organization and reduced the Oorporate headquarters staff from 850 to under 350 It also became clear that Searle' s research had been fairly dry for a number of years The product line was aging So We decided to bring in a new senior vice president for research and development Dr Daniel Azamoff a highly respected medical doctor and scientist At the same time we began to develop a licensing and acquisition activity fo-cused on supplementing our remaining businesses What we did essentially was to tidy up some of the pieces that didn't seem to be suitable platforms for growth I enjoy working with talented people learning from them and 11-L-0559 OSD 250 - urveys · Both Worlds byDONALDRUMSFaD Donalcl llamlfeJcl look Oftl' c e o of G D Searle Co In 1- 1977 hew photop aplwd d left In one of the Salle laboratoria In Wahington • earll• above he Rrwd • s cma of o m- hnlllS been head of Prftldent • Cuald fGnl'1 White Ho -· FORTUNE t t979 89 11-L-0559 OSD 251 In a festive mood in 1969 while President Nixon held up their son Donald Rumsfeld and hb wife celebrated right his swearing in as he•d of the Office of Economic Opporhlnity Below he was serving u •n lllinlJd Congressman d ldng the Johnson pfflidency by results I don't think the American people judge government officials this way However they do expect their President to plant some standards out there and to at least get started in the right direction- In business you don't get a lot of points for just starting in the right direction One of the most incisive observations I think Mr Blumenthal made in his interview with FORTUNE was the difference between appearance and reality He felt that in government appearance was everything whereas in busirr - g them in a way that they can be more productive ness reality was everything One of the tasks of a manager hL 1asn't a pat situation that one could just preside over in either arena it seems to me is to try to see that the perception is as close to the reality as possible But this is much t was a company that was going down for eight quarters a row We now have five consecutive quarters going up more difficult in government There the managers may not know what the right course nd there is no doubt that things are improving There are always risks but I am used to risks I ran for is even after many years So they tend to look only to ef ongress right here in the Thirteenth District of Illinois fort In government too often you' re by how much you seem to care how hard you seem to try-things rhen I was twenty-nine years old and there weren't many eople around who thought I had much of a chance to win that do not necessarily improve the human condition But seems like an incredible decision now But it proved right if you begin with the assumption that the government is there to serve the American people in specific ways then Rumsfeld regards hisgovernment experience as useful trainthe measurement realistically should be How does all this ig for his present c e o 's job but he cites many differences in affect the people for good or ill Look at the problem President Carter is facing right now ie way politicians and business executives function -the disbelief the cynicism about government the feelMy observation has been that many public officials are ing that promises have not been kept that many high hopes lnstantly trying to create the impression that they are omhave not been fulfilled This isn't just a problem of Mr Cariscient and omnipresent-they know everything and do rerything In business it's clearly possible to say I delter's It seems to me that it's a problem of government The ate -and then not even try to answer every letter yourfact is it's a lot easier for a President to get into something lf or meet with every person In business you get a chance md end up with a few days of good public reaction than it iis to follow through to pursue policies to a point where • think more to read more to be more reflective to plan ore My whole being says there's an awful lot I don't know they have a beneficial effect on human lives Business is also more forgiving of mistakes In govern- · 14 therefore I rely on the knowledge and experience of oth$ This fuis been tiue in each post I've held But politicians · rnent you are operating in a goldfish bowl You change l J l not tend to get up in the morning and announce to the 4rour mind or make a blunder as human beings do and i J on the front page of every newspaper It seems to make peoorld that there's an awful lot they don't know Therefore ple in government less willing to correct their mistakes This e tjwe demands on a government leader are usually much is in contrast to the way things happen in a boardroom e han on a business leader It's part of the charade of 1'here it is expected that one will alter direction as new ineming to be doing everything yourself formation becomes available In business on the other hand you' re pretty much judged ii FORTUNE 1 1979 11-L-0559 OSD 252 As White House chief of llatf llmndeld worked closely with Secretary of Statt HftUJ Kissinger As Secretary of Defense he was photographed below at a 1976 meeting of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in conversation with the Std chairman General George Brown Another big difference the star quality that gives to man y a mystique You tend to have-or seek-this mystique in government But my impression is that in business you don't need to wear a grenade on your belt or 1 black patch over one e 't so much as you need to be right and achieve results There's another important distinction The goal in government is generally accepted as a worthy one-a legiti ate human endeavor That's not to say all people engaged government are viewed as legitimate But the purpose of and Aldactazide which are used to treat hypertension I was government is On the other hand there are many people · told that Searle wanted a president who had experience with in the world who simply don't consider business a worthy large complex international organizations and was accusactivity They characterize profits as evil and business as an tomed to operating under difficult conditions essentially selfish activity They don't appreciate that so-· In any large organization there is always the need to ciety is damaged when enterprise is stifled reach down and ·know how things are really functioning You need to know you're getting the truth hearing the bad Rumsfeld also sees many similarities between the requirenews as well as the good In government there is such inments of a good executive in government and business tense press coverage that things tend to get aired more exMany of the similarities stem from size and there are cer· · tensively and earlier As a matter of fact in the kind of tain things unique to big organizations They require a vagovernment positions I was in at the White House and Deriety of competencies along with intricate planning and fense Department there was such a flood of information it budgeting However planning in business is more analytwas like drinking out of a fire hose That is not true in busiical and thoughtful than in government You are in a less reness Even so it's possible to get the necessary information active mode For example if it evolves in the Pentagon that in a business setting I make it a point periodically to have a weapons system doesn't work it may have international lunch with salesmen lab technicians and others on the lowimplications it becomes a congressional problem an OMB er levels at Searle problem as well as one having national-security implica· Another similarity between government and business is tions Suddenly you have a multiplicity of public pressures ·the need to establish priorities-to make sure you're spendthat wouldn't show up in a boardroom In business the first ing your time on what's important It is useful to ask whethtask would be to work out the problem In government a •er you are working off your in basket or wheth r the great deal of time is taken up dealing with these pressures organization is working off your out'' basket If it's the former you may be reacting rather than leading the organiWhen I came to Searle the company was suffering from cation toward agreed-upon priorities I've always been an he digestive problems of a small company that had rapidly eeome a large multinational corporation operating in a dif· avid memo writer At NATO they called them yellow per· ils written on yellow paper in the Pentagon Rums t competitive and regulatory environment The organiion's skills systems and procedures had not evolved at feld' s snowflakes white paper same pace at which its business had grown There also We know that in government even a President can't will something to happen He governs by consent In business iven difficulties with the Fdod and Drug Administration although it is more responsive than government things articularly about two of our prescription drugs Aldactone politicians I FORTUNE SflfJltJmbtJr 10 1g19 91 11-L-0559 OSD 253 • The veteran of government finds in the private sector· that he misses the press as a major means of communication don't just happen by command either It is helpful if en ployees understand what the direction is and why To gre t extent success will depend on their execution In business however there's a communication tool that missing-the press Take the Pentagon roughly two mi lion men and women in uniform at least another milli l each in civilian employment the Reserves and contra• work You can communicate with five million people a 1 easier through the media than you can through an internal information system Call a press conference and you ca reach most everybody instantaneously That tool is nc available in business Rumsfeld believes that it was a much more difficult tra11 sition going from Co l ess to the executive branch than it wa going from the Pentagon to Searle As a Congressman your power is very limited in th s that you're one of 435-although certainly some 81'1 n influential than others in achieving legislative goals In the legislative branch it is frequently possible to inhibit delay or stop something from happening But a legislata has very little ability to make something happen Unlikr the way it was in the days of Sam Rayburn the House ol Representatives has a horizontal leadership structure Busi· ness organizations are built like a pyramid In the case of the executive branch there is a tendency tc attribute great power to the White House staff I think that's somewhat of a myth The truth of the matter is it's the President's power and policies that are being implemented for good or ill If it's the President's desire to be isolated he will be Nobody in the executive branch wants to crack the President When President Carter came to the White House he established an organization that seemed to be a reaction to the Nixon Administration rather than establishing a structure that would work In effect he said he wanted strong Cabinet government He did not want a White House chief of staff he wanted openness he wanted people to say what they thought Now he has a record that is not meeting with very much approval Apparently he has now concluded that his management approach was wrong However instead of simply changing his approach he has seemed to be punishing the people who had followed his instructions Well if it doesn't work out don't blame Hamilton Jordan Blame th-esident If it does work out don't credit Hamilton Jorda redit the President There's no way the President can micro-manage the fed ral government Walking away that's the key job in busi- ness too In a diversified worldwide corporation whid has a multiplicity of interactions with customers competitors and governments the single most important task o the chief executive is to select the right people I've seen terrible organization charts in both government and busiries1 that were made to work well by good people I've eel beautifully charted organizations that didn't work very well because they had the wrong people The decision-making process in government has long been rrputed to be far more cumbersome than in busiMsS 'Rumsfeld 41- fines some of the problem-solving differences It has become almost a cUcht for people to say Oh government it's so frustrating There's no question that the President has the power The Cabinet officer doesn't The White House staff doesn't If someone rinds that frustrating then be shouldn't do it Presidents themselves are often frustrated A President gets into the Oval Office and starts reaching around for the levers of economic power and he finds he doesn't have them all Congress has some So has the Federal Reserve Board So have business labor consume There's no one lever with which he can make the economy zig or zag at his whim Did I find it frustrating as the White House chief of staff roughest job I ever had but If-you find it unpleasant to ope with a complex problem that is simultaneously the susiness of four or five Cabinet departments several public nterest groups and the Congress and one that the President will finally decide then it's frustrating On the other land if you find that kind of situation a challenge then it's timulating particularly when you see progress made I ound it tough challenging exhausting but not frustrating In the decision-making process for G D Searle my nat1ral instinct is to consult the key managers and others whose dvice is needed and who will help execute the decisions s a Cabinet officer naturally you have many consulting iyers You learn to think what's best from the President's standpoint taking into account not only your own department but three or four other departments the public and Congress You learn to think three-dimensionally When you finally put to the President a set of options you try to show how your recommendation fiti or fails to fit with the other perspectives how it impinges on other decisions and then you argue your case Now I don't find that unduly burdensome or frustrating It's just more complex and much more time consuming You might ask do you get so bureaucratized that you for-I· g t how to operate any other way No It's a lot easier to de continued 11-L-0559 OSD 254 - This chief executive worries less about all business competition tnan about the burden of government intrusion c c c compress and not have to deal with a layer or two than it is to add one or two But it's not clear to me that skills are readlily transferrable between business and government I've heard executives who have been successful in the private sector say I want to get into government But there's no particular reason why a successful businessman should be successful in government-or the reverse In private industry Rumsfeld sees firsthand he pervasive ness of government involvement in business When I get up in the morning as a businessman I think a lot more about government than I do about our competition because government is that much involved-wheth· er it's HEW IRS SEC FTC FDA I always understood thE problem intellectually but the specific inefficiencies that result from the government injecting itself into practically every aspect of our business-this is something one canl feel only by being here ome years back the thought was that government act- like an umpire calling the balls and strikes Today it's a participant in practically everything we do-and at a cost far greater than the benefit It's no accident that U S productivity growth ranks SO low that our balance of trade is suffering that the number of patents issued to Americans is decreasing It's because of the weight of government-the layering upon layering of regulation and intervention There has to be a reversal of this If I were back in government I would pursue deregulation much more persuasively now that I've been the head' of a large corporation Businessmen are -often credited with being much more innovative and freewheeling than government officials Rumsfeld describes the dangers he sees in being either excessively innovative or excessively zealous in maintaining the status quo and strict management controlWhen I took over at Searle I was asked to be chief executive officer and to run the company in a manner that would be profitable professional and consistent with the long-term interests of the shareholders employees customers and the society in which we function I was not asked to be either innovative or not innovative I was asked to get results In Washington I saw people come tripping over their shoelaces into the President's office and say Look here I have a brand-new idea-it is bold new and innovative ough that was automatically good An idea that is bold -nc w and innovative can also be wasteful harmful and unwise Innovation became a way of life in the Sixties during the Great Society If someone came up with an idea thaf had never been tried before it was-by definition-good If it was also big and expensive it was by definition ever better Utter nonsense Things can be small and good Thing can be tried and tested and at the same time be construe· tive powerful effective and helpful to society Of course a stream of competitive ideas and views keep converging on a manager whether he's in government 01 business As a result a manager can get too fully engaged It's important for him to stay loose enough separated enough from the flow of details so he can see trends andl modify and improve the situation That's terribly important I was a flight instructor in the Navy The first thing a fledgling pilot usually does when he climbs into a plane is to grab hold of the stick and squeeze it so hard that he gets a sore arm With a grip that tight every movement is jerky When government officials get into a tight situation they have a tendency to do the same thing They get jerky overcontrol micro-manage A White House chief of staff who tells a Cabinet officer which secretary to hire is overcontrolling There has been speculation that Rumsfeld will soon re-immerse himself in politics perhaps running in 1980 for thenl'inois Senate seat to be vacated by Adlai Stevenson While he tiismisses this possibility he is open-minded about the possibility of his eventual return togovernment The quick answer to that question is yes I expect that at tsome point the odds favor my being involved in government again One I enjoyed it Two I think I did a good job Three I'm interested in our country and the world Now does that mean I'm thinking about it No Does that mean Jhave an idea of how it might occur No not any Does it mean I have the remotest idea when No I don't It is inevitable that the press continue to speculate about my running for some public office That's one of the reasons why I signed a five-year contract with Searle in 1977 I clidn't feel that I needed a contract I wanted the contract to signify the degree of commitment on my part You know it took my wife and me five years to pay off tlhe money I borrowed to run for Congress in 1962 Living On a government salary was a strain But the fact that I was making a fraction of what I could have been making in the private sector has never burdened our family Finding out that life isn't easy is not a bad thing for children growing Up But at forty-seven as I am now I would rather have movers move me than do the U-Haul bit I did the U-Haul bit every time before I came to Searle E1 94FORIUNE 1 1973 11-L-0559 OSD 255 - snowflake TO Steve Cambone CC Paul Wolfowitz Mark Thiessen FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 21 2001 SUBJECT Deterrence We ought to think about including these kinds of thoughts in my remarks and in our planning DHR azn 052101 15 Attach 11-L-0559 OSD 256 U09918 101 MEMORANDUM Deterrence 5 21 01 We don't need a deterrence strategy Rather we need three Russia we know how to deter China that's more difficult and it is evolving and we have thought less about it Other nations A single strategy won't work They are all different o Non-state entities still more difficult issues DHR azn 052101 14 11-L-0559 OSD 257 snowflake TO Pete Aldridge FROM DonaldRumsfeld l DATE May22 2001 - J 0 SUBJECT Here's an old letter to me from Sandy McDonnell talking about the problem of auditors on their premises It is kind of interesting I wonder if that type of information would be useful in helping us achieve a reform You might want to think about getting something like that updated I wouldn't want to use his letter however since it is out of date and personal Thanks DHR am 052101 75 Attach Q_ Q U0 816 01 11-L-0559 OSD 258 MCDONNELL SANFORD N McDONNELL Chairman and Chief Executive ONicer CORPORATION 27 May 1986 ·0 · Mr Donald Rumsfeld 135 South La Salle Street Suite 3910 Chicago Illinois 60603 Dear Don With respect to your 14 May letter I am pleased to pass on the following information to you 1 In 1985 McDonnell Douglas had 832 full-time government employees living on our premises On the average we had 200 U S Government visitors every day -- 5 days a week 50 weeks out of the year 2 We had almost 6000 audits reviews started during 1985 which means that on the average a new audit review was started every 20 minutes of every hour -- 8 hours a day 5 days a week 50 weeks out-of the year In many cases 2 3 or 4 different parts of the Government were auditing us on the same subject and refused to take each other's audit 3 The so-called $435 hammer really cost the Government only $22 but the other $413 which was for engineering services was on the same invoice The Congressman who put out that information did not see fit to pass on that detail The alleged $7000 coffeepot wasn't a coffeepot at all Itwas a coffee maker a very sophisticated piece of equipment which Lockheed charged the U S Air Force $100 per unit less than it charged its co1D11ercial airliner customers who used it on their L-lolls Most of the so-called horror cases of spares were not horror cases at all when a person took time to dig into the details and even if they were all horror cases they were a very small percentage of the total cost of defense 4 The defense contractors on the whole have done an incredible job of performing on cost on schedule and on performance within the system But the system is flawed -- it is grossly overmanaged Congress overmanages DoD and DoD overmanages the contractors A tremendous savings can be realized by changing and streamlining the defense acquisition system On another subject I had a very fine telephone conversation with Joyce the other day concerning her work on character education in the Chicago public P 0 Box Saint Lrw# ts31ts8 11-L-0559 OSD 259 snowflake May 21 2001 7 45 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld f SUBJECT Meetings We ought to have a meeting with you and Ed and me to discuss the meetings we need to hold on a regular daily and weekly basis to track all of the major big things we are going to have to get working on like legislative military and press There probably ought to be a meeting with the Service Secretaries a number of times a week We ought to figure out how we keep track of what we are doing with Andy Card Condi Karl Rove Mitch Daniels and that group and then a separate category would be for the President and the Vice President We ought to have a file for each track what we are doing then keep tracking out ahead and end up with a list of assignments for each I like Newt's idea of always giving people an assignment DHR dh 052101-1 U12612 02 11-L-0559 OSD 260 May 21 2001 2 51 PM TO FROM - Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Nunn-Lugar I think we ought to get somebody to get me a piece of paper that explains what we think about Nunn-Lugar Is it really working today Has it worked in the past Is it worth the 1 t10ney Should it receive more money Should it receive less money I get asked the question and I am not current enough I 0 - M p I • ' v DHR dh 052101-45 _ 11-L-0559 OSD 261 __ 1 I snowflake ' TO Larry Di FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 22 2001 SUBJECT Here is a note on the Controller and CIO job Is there someone proposing that we move them together My instinct would be to keep them apart Thanks DHR azn 052101 71 Attach Article - Federal Computer Week S 14 01 U09702 01 11-L-0559 OSD 263 fers the lat st in a growing do of opportunity for _a JDis lowes possible cost and lowest ame mistake with Kim 0 body of evidence to suggest slle deal and that President nsk This has so far succeeded JUDI that he mad with Mr that Mr Kim is at once a tacti- Bush must immediately start in muddling through for his Clinton His nustab with the cal genius and a strategic fool where President Clinton left regime but the price has been United States has meant _ qualities that may be a major off Not true Pyongyang has at great cost hundreds of thou- ongyana now has l I wjia obstacle to progress m both nowhere else to go sands s arvlllJ to a mucli tougher a lrlbOD South Korean and U S relaIn fact the time out for death widespread deprivation in Washington tions with North Korea In an North Korea called by the and 22 million Koreans with Kim -Uac-jung has proeffort aimed at regaining the Bush administration has al- little ho_p for a decent life vided Pyongyang every reaspotlight putting pressure on ready yielded some important What is Kim Jong-il·s sonable opportunity to move the Bush administration and benefits Instead of the U S strategy beyond immediate forward on genuine Nofth reassuring Kim Dac--juna on and South Korean constantly survival by living off of global South reconciliation But North-South Mr Kim -met begging Pyongyang to come to handouts His choices range unless there ii rapid propm with a senior EU delegation the table it is Kim Jong-ii who from bad to worse The North during tbe icmainder of this All three elements of Mr is now the one eager to resume Korean economic system has year Kim Dae-jung will beKim's tactics were revealed in talks This reverses the un- failed and tinkering with it of- come a lame duck as the South the EU discussions as was Mr healthy diplomatic patterns fers little respite from falling Korean presidential election Kim's pleasure is placing him- created by the Clinton admini- further behind the rest of ilie campaign begins early next self on the world stage Mr 1tratjon always begging and world Opening up to foreign year It is unlikely that Kim Kim pledged to continue his bribing Pyongyang just to at- investment ana fc Onning what Jona-ii find a more paticat moratorium on missile testing tend meetings Now Mr Bush has been described as the generous and masmni MNI until 2003 not coincidentally is setting the terms of diplo- world's most distorted econ- partner to deal witb D Seoul the year when the two LWRs macy rather than reacting to omy risks losing political con- than Kim Dae-Jung in the foreunder the Agreed Framework Pyongyang's games This is an trol But the experience of seeable future Timi yet IDare supposed to be completed important prerequisite for a China and Vietnam suggest re-- other opportunity may be Yet at the same time he told new policy form can be managed to bring missed the EU envoys that Pyongyang Indeed Kim Jong-il's be- economic vitality and retain There wu a classic cpiwould continue exporting mia- havior suggests that Mr political control sode in the old C9mic strip siles and missile technology Bush's assessment of the situaKim Jong-ii and some of Po a · wbaw Poao •'8 principally because he needs tion and ofU S -South Korean- his technocratic elite are aware sagely We have met the mthe money Finally he sent Japanese leverage is conect of this but still fear it would any and be ii us In the ad the EU delegation off to Seoul Faced with a J etpetua1 food destabilize the regime The re- for aD Jail 1ac tic al geniul Kim with a private letter for Kim sbortaae nearly 2 million tons sult has been a strategy of try· Jona-il will remam a stratep Dae-jwig reassuring the ROK this year and a still DK '1 bund ing to late outside c- fool in charge o a decompo1that the North-South recon- economy North Korea 1 do- tors to provKle reaourc es while mg 11a1C and society unJeu he ciliation process and perhaps peration is growing At the Mr Kun experiments at the makes the ·difficult choica his promise of a second Kim- same time the success of margiiw 'With openina and re- needed to move toward a soft Kim summit are not dead its feed me or I ll kill you form But without makina a 1aDdina and peac efW coexiaKim Jong-il's use of the extortion tactics over the past f mdamen1al choice and usil J tcncc E'ml 1bC best-eonceived EU visit as to use a billiard 1ix years ii constrainin Py- his totalitarian control to 'f'Cdi and U S and Sautb term a political bank shot to OD1 '8118'• behavior even u it rect his ruling Worltcr'1 Party IC orclDl policies c an clo litde tD the U S was particularly im- keeps North Korea on life sup- the bureaucncy and its citize111 fix aucb a Poao pressive By reinforcing the port Instead of missile to embuk on a new coune it Robm A Mau ii North Korean missile test launches or vocations in is a cue of too little too late fellow anll of moratorium while at the same the DemilitariZcd Zone PyAbsent a desire to draw m 6tlMlla a on F time emphasizing North Korea ongyang·s reaction to Mr foreign investmmt and unleash ationl would continue its destabiliz- Bush•• skepticism and rethink- market-based economic activ· · ing missile exports Mr Kim ing of Korea policy has been ity Kim Jong-ii has little iD- -_ --- -- P fl- -­ was sending a dear carrot and merely therapeutic spewing ccntive to put on the negotia stick message to Washington abusive rhetoric at Washington ing tabl the one asset he s as it nears the final stages of its and Seoul The fact is that the that can maw· large-I' re- May 14 2001 Korea policy review Kim massive amounts of food fer- sources his military' threaL 27 Keep 00 Co- otr11tR P Jong-il's commitment to the tilizer and other international The result has been a tenta· Apan missile moratorium was a sig- aid that have poured into North tiveness that has so far proven By Paul Brubaker nal that Pyongyan_g _remains Korea from th U S _ South counterproductiye _Mr Kim The Defense Department e3 ger to pursue mi si e talks Korea an the international had hoped t amtain s de - is considering a much-needed with the U S MT Kim s proc- commumty smce 1995 have ploYed missiles and rent reorganization of the chief inlamation that North Korea given Mr Kim Jong-ii some- them to Mr Clinton But by formation officer duties The would continue exporting mis- thing to lose This suggests waiting more than 13 montfis 1cadin sce»rn and 1be siles was his stick designed new boundaries for North Ko- to respond to the Perry visit source of nucb reccai specu1a · to brin a sense of urgency to rean behavior and increased yongyang did not give M non involvel placing the ao restarting U S -North Korean leverage for U S -South o- Chnton enoug t me to negoti- within the JPDtroller 'a office talks rean-Japanese trilateral d1plo- ate a _deal Similarly after the Tbat 'WOUld tre a c0 lossal JDil Mr Kim s performance is macy surpnse agreement to hold a take The CIO organization fascinating and interestingly Unfortunately for the fu- North-South Summi nearly must Wost wi1h 1ht c - suggests that man r critics of ture of Korea Kim Jong·il's one year ago very httle actual ler's ofticc IJd under it 'J1lc the Bush go slow' approach sens e of s rategy is as tlawt d North-South progress has - legislative in creating a to North Kore were dead as tactics are clever His cur-red and now the entire CJO was for that person to be wrong Recall it was argued tactics of course are designed process- has been frozen Mr independent of any other orthat there was 'a narrow win- to ensure regime survival at the Kim appears to be making the ganiz ation within a department 1 ••for page 17of19 11-L-0559 OSD 264 1 or agency so that information sideration of the Navy Marine volved in or close to decisions nance to a virtual mmopolJ ea resources l'I ana ement could orps Intranet proj-ect neither impacting their previous em- space satellites Two yean be the CIO pntnarY duty It 1t nor any other innovation players ago when NATO planes were _ was also env1s10ned that- the would have occurred Plenty of potential nomi- bombing Serb targets in the CIO would have a seat at he One of Defense Secretary nees who do not have ties to Kosovo war satellites were mana ement ta le alongs1d e Donfl d umsfeld's major the defense industry are a l- used to target bridges and dothe cfoef financial officer i e onties 1s to change the anti- able and Bush 1s showmg a pots and to guide bombl to the C mptroller and the chief quated proc es ses at the de- lack of sensitivity to conflicts their targell operating offi partmeDL So 1t 1s possible that with these choices Kosovo waa a s p a c e The CJO 1 s also tasked new leadership may b able to war say John Pike a promiunder the Clmger-Cohen Act overcome the resisters of nent specialist on space with leading process change change throughout the orpni- Boston Globe om who ii dindal of G Under the comptroller's w ng zation But will take a May 14 2001 ors To deter other the CIO would lose the iIJde dogged tenacity and comnut- p countna from seeking to pendence to perform that func- ment from the top g 10 knock out American satellites tlon- a senous problt m heMos importantly it will 29 Spacey Rumsfeld pike says the United State c use process change s some- tak mdependent CIO or- If the prospect of nulita- can rely on the overwhelming thmg the comptrollers oflicc gasuzaUon working with the rwng space were not such a detareucc it already possesses desperately needs but has comptroller rather tlian under serious matter there would be The most effective way of failed to achi eve it somt thin u zany u S serviDa tho aclvu Controlling the p_urse Brvbaker is president of eKubnck's Dr Strangelave nr-case in space 1s to cocQfy ncS strings aivea the comptrolla''I government solutions at Com- Defense Secretary Donald enfon e a DOllD that defines tTice great Power and author- meru On Inc oformer d Rurmfeld's oun ement any anack on a apace satellite 1ty For example an attempt by •• clli • r • d m ep- Tuesday that he is shuftling the u what Pike calls Congress and the DOD QO _ 5 1 rnJorma on ' P- al entagon's organizational chart •gncvous retaliatioa• office to stop an ccol llting the D fense Departm nt and m order to hav a four-star Air Wi1haal wasting CDDl'system that was hiJh-rilk an architect of the GingerF rce general m charge of an inoua sums on the pursuit of over-budget and behind ached- Cohen Act Atr Force Space Command laser weapons in space ule was overturned because Althoul jh Rumsfeld de- American sltellites can b'e that's what the compj roller ni t 1iia reananging of ter · by launc wanted 11 Clearly any CIO un- San Antonio Express-News c ll'S 1n the P tagon bas any- more of them plaC DI m der the comptroller could not Ma t 2001 thing to do with the develop- hi hr r oibits ba'YIDI airclaft effectively oversee any fuJan Y• ·• ment of weapons for space cajtable of prov idiDa baekup cial systems let ·alone succeu 28 Defense Picks Woni- this new meaucratic lign- ant makiDa their afOund m ftilly advocate reformip g some mcnt • vtcwed alongside a tialll mda lell wlnerable DOD's antiquated fmancial Opce ag in Sen J co llmission on space he than they are t y systems McCam Jl Ariz IS standmg chaired five years ago and the If Rumsfeld is permitted A third reason to keep the Up ag inst business SUal in clamor from some Rcpublicana to pursue a space wapom CIO independent is that the Washmgton and pomtmg out for space weapons· looks like boondoggle the result will be comptr0 '1 civi1iaa leader- obvious conflicts of interest part of a deliberate campaign 10 enoanger Anmica'• ship is loath to reform Two And once gain McCain's to increase f' undinE for the - va1ed aclvmdase ia space __ ecdotes llUppOrt that contcD- losition nits against his lop of antlsatellite and anti- HM squander money that tion Scveril mondll ago ·10rnler preaidclitial pnmay missile pace weapons should oe spent on real Deeds while serving as the deputy foe George W Bus1L What ·11 truly zany about and validate the complaints of CIO within DOD I had Just The issue Btish's ap the move to militarize space·· aDiel and Je rin1I w'1o completed a high-l vel briefing pointmcnt of defense industry t at it resembles a ect Y fear an American IUll for on the need Tor transformmg honchos to key Pentagon posts designed meran1 that will global domination the existing major management Bush chose Gordon - come wb1stlmg back at the processes at the Pentagon The land of General Dynamics to country that launched it highest-ranking civilian in the be secretary of the Navy and We are the nly serious Chic a o Tn bune comptroller's shop stopped me James G Roche corponatc 1111htary presence m space at Ma l 2001 and said That ttan5fonna- vice president of Northrop presm ·says Joseph CuinY • ·• tion stuff may work in the Grumman Corp•• to be Air c1one direct r of the Carnegie 30 ond The Two-War private sector but that's not Force secretal ' En4o nt s Non- Scen11 no how we ·c 1o business in the General Dynamics and Prohferat1on Project The SoSmee the Cold War ended Pentagon Northrop Grumman are major viet Union was also there but a decade ago the Pentagon has Just a few weeks later an- defense contractors now Russian satellites are fal- built its force structure around other senior official in th ofMcCain raised the issue of ling out of the sky Today no- the notion tigbathe U S must fice said The cuncnt budget conflicts of if1 terest in a enate body lse is even close to be _able to and wlb two planning system has served the Armed Services Committee and 1t 1s very much m our • JDaJCll' regioPll 'Wiii a department well for the last 40 confirmation hearing last terest to keep it that way We simultaneously to meet years The comptroller bu week sho1 lld be 11 'in1 to k ep other wobal national sccuritYoblipalso constantly rejected budget The nonunecs told sena- countnes out of space tiOlll reguests required to implement tors they would recuse tbcmIf the Bush admimstratlon The double-header of Clmger-Cohen at DOD selves from decisions involv- pursues the devel pm nt of dangers most often depicted ii - The c otlcr· shop their corp rate connec- space weaP pns it will not war with· and NOrth Ko-has a history of hostility to- tions the Associated Press re- erely _be mvemng and '9 Ut- ta · ward innovation Had the CJO ported mg flDJle resources It will also N the _Bush a4minil1n• shop been housed inside the But it is d scomfoi ting to be making a strategic error tlon 1s nean ng the end of a comptroller's shop during con- have ormer h1gh-ran mg deIn larg pa • the U 1t d Pentagon review amid reports fense mdustry executives bl· States owes its mihtary doma· that Defense Secretary Donald page 18 of 19 mm 11-L-0559 OSD 265 May 23 2001 4 29 PM TO FROM Donald Rumsfeld ' I SUBJECT International Criminal Court I need to pull all the information on the international criminal court together fast and get a single paper that shows where we are what the problems with it are what the options to go from here are and why I think what I think Let's do it fast Thanks DHR dh 052301-17 11-L-0559 OSD 266 snowflake TO Stacer Holcomb FROM Donald Rumsfel9 - - DATE May 25 2001 SUBJECT General Sheehan Give me Sheehan's markups on those papers he did I would like to see what they look like Thanks DHR azn 052501 01 i_ t' U09933 01 11-L-0559 OSD 267 ' I snowflake TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rwnsfeld DATE May 29 2001 qf SUBJECT This should be brought up in the meetings this week as part of the assignment to consider Trained forces ought to be a critical part of the discussion if not the QDR Thanks - OHR am 052901 07 Attach U10138 01 11-L-0559 OSD 268 ··-· ' Creating Doctrine from a Theater and National Asset Perspective Despite the efforts of Goldwater-Nichols and the talk of jointness doctrine today is developed by the individual services and then brought together in a clumsy amalgamation of capabilities designed to keep each service comfortable The result is a system that lacks coherence in its use of national and theater assets Consequently it provides the theater commander and the National Command Authority with fewer assets and more limited choices than it should have The Joint Forces Command at Norfolk currently has the responsibility for developing joint doctrine but in fact contracts the doctrine out to lead services who then dominate the development on their particular component within the doctrine equipment and system they are comfortable with The Joint Forces Command should be assigned the task of developing a truly joint doctrine by starting with national and theater assets and then integrating into those assets the various delivery systems to create an integrated unified combat capability - The services and the Joint Commands would be asked to comment on doctrine after the initial draft had been developed at the Joint Forces Command The goal would be to ensure that systems' capabilities were available and useful across the board to the theater commander This approach would force the services to rationalize their systems and their doctrines into an integrated whole and should result in a substantial increase in integrated capability for the theater commander The new joint doctrine should then be tested in joint force exercises that compel the integration of all four services into single war games and single tests as compared with the service-by-service system that dominates today DHR azn 052901 08 11-L-0559 OSD 269 snowflake ' TO Mark Thiessen Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 J ' SUBJECT Dr Kenneth Adelman Ken Adelman is available to help on lots of things Anytime that you have something that needs to be written or you are looking for concepts he is very good and he has told me he would be happy to help out Feel free to use him He works the fax email or he can come in He lives nearby Thanks DHR azn 052901 16 U10041 01 11-L-0559 OSD 270 snowflake - TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 SUBJECT Ken Adelman Ken Adelman has an email for a lot of people in the National Security process that we could use You might want to talk to him about it Thanks DHR azn 052901 19 U10039 01 11-L-0559 OSD 271 snowflake TO Mark Thiessen FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 SUBJECT You might want to look at this article Democracy and Foreign Policy I don't have time to read it but someone said there were some good things in it Thanks DHR azn 052901 31 Attach Democracy Foreign Policy by John L Gaddis Ul0130 01 11-L-0559 OSD 272 ' Democracy and Foreign Policy John Lewis Gaddis Department of History I want to begin with some simple statistics that illustrate what may be the most significant thing historians of future centuries will remember about the one through which we've just lived In 1900 the world contained no democracies if we can define that term as the human rights organization Freedom House does to mean states in which universal suffrage produced competitive multiparty elections Not even the United States or Great Britain qualified since both at that time denied the vote to women and in the case of the U S to African-Americans and other minorities as well Half a century later in 1950 after two world wars 22 states qualified as democratic according to the Freedom House standard comprising some 3 1% of the world's population But by the year 2000 after a dangerous and protracted cold war there were 120 democracies which meant that 63% of the earth's people now lived under democratic rule ' The history of states goes back about 500 years and the history of empires goes back about ten times further Democracies in the modem sense then have therefore existed only for something like one fiftieth of the history of human governance - and for only about a third even of Yale's history For democracy to have spread so far and so fast is by any standard of historical judgment a remarkable development It's all the more remarkable that it did so in a century filled with so much violence for at no other time had people perfected the techniques of killing one another with so much efficiency and on such a scale How was it then that the predominantly democratic world that exists today arose from such unpromising circumstances What has been the role of the United States if any in bringing all of this about These are themes I want to try to address in this lecture I' II have something to say at the end of it about where we may be going from here I The traditional American explanation for the spread of democracy goes something like this The Founding Fathers drawing upon their admiration for ancient Greek precedents while fearing the loss of their liberties within an all too contemporary British Empire imported long-dormant seeds of democracy into a new world where they immediately took root and flourished The resulting democratic ideology then exported itself back to Europe where it quickly undermined the most powerful continental empire - that of France - and set in motion a more gradual but no less significant political evolution within Great Britain itself So when Woodrow l'repmed for the Wiiiiam Clyde DeVmc Leclun S-- Vl i'IGr u dsliftnd Aprll 11 2001 'Freedom Heme Dam«ffll l '6 A u I a Glohol Pol111t r11Ci llM1' Century New York Freedom House 1999 available at hgp l nyw f Wpmhg f lmporn qnl py btpd I Jums _ i revised statistics from lhc weblia which show 120 dcmocncies In the llal' 2000 rlllhlr than the 199 cited In me orlslnal pablllhed l'flllll c - 11-L-0559 OSD 273 • 2 Wilson brought the United States into World War I in 1917 with his call to make the world safe for democracy he was only continuing on a wider scale the process of democratic transplantation that Thomas Jefferson began in 1776 when he had proclaimed that all men are created equal The American Revolution was thus was the most potent of all revolutions which explains why so much of the world today follows its example There are however several problems with this explanation First the Founding Fathers were far more republican than democratic in their thinking to the extent that ancient precedents shaped it they came more from Rome than Greece Second the idea of a competitive multi-party system badly frightened these leaders and the prospect of universal suffrage would have astounded them Third the history of the United States during its first century would hardly have inspired democratization elsewhere One of its central features after all was the persistence of slavery long past the time it had ceased to exist in most other advanced societies 111 together with the fact that one of the bloodiest wars of the 19 century had been required to eradicate it For decades afterwards the American practice of democracy retained glaring inconsistencies Wilson himself who spoke so grandly of extending democracy throughout the world had not the slightest intention of extending that same right to the Former victims of slavery at home So let us scrap this traditional explanation of democratic diffision and consider another one It falls within the category of what we might call historical tectonics those great underlying forces in history that are set in motion by no person and no state but that nonetheless move all persons and states rather as the great continental plates move all of us about on the face of the earth Two in particular might plausibly have paved the way for the expansion of democracy in the 20111 century The first of these was the emergence in the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution of an open market system which broke down the old patterns of mercantilism by which states had sought however ineffectually to control the economic lives of their citizens The free exchange of commodities according to this argument cannot help but promote the free exchange of ideas politics follows economics The second tectonic shift was the communications revolution of the late 19111 century- I mean here the expansion of literacy together with the development of mass-circulation newspapers and in the telegraph and telephone the first primitive forms of instant electronic communication - all of which made it harder than it had been for states to conceal information or to keep people from sharing it among themselves The impulse of democracy which began in another century in other lands has made itself fully felt in our time Lord Salisbwy acknowledged in 1897 adding with evident relief that vast changes in the centre of power and incidence of responsibility have been made almost imperceptibly without any disturbance or hindrance in the progress of the prosperous development of the nation z But there's a problem with this explanation as well for it's possible to argue that it was precisely these two tectonic forces - market capitalism and mass communications - that paved the way for the most appalling authoritarian excesses of 2 Andlew Roberts Saltabluy Yklm m Tl- London Phoenix 1 199 p 662 11-L-0559 OSD 274 the 201h century Karl Marx anticipated the mechanism with his claim that because capitalism distributes wealth unequally it also encourages social alienation and most historians would see in such alienation as it manifested itself during the late 19 and early 2om centuries the roots of both communism and fascism The success of these movements in turn owes much to the skill with which their leaders-Lenin Trotsky Stalin and especially Hitler-exploited the new means of mass communication The tectonic explanation gets us little further than Jeffersonian transplantation in helping us to understand the spread of democracy therefore since it also helps to explain the spread of authoritarianism It's always worth remembering as Yogi Berra didn't say but should have that history isn't history until after it's happened To see the logic of this step into your nearest available time machine set the dial back to any point in the past you choose and check to see how many people there were then who accurately predicted what's happening now Drop in for example on the ceremonies surrounding the Yale bicentennial a hundred years ago How likely it would have seemed on that occasion -when no one in the world had a truly democratic form of government - that twothirds of the world's population would have such governments by the time of this occasion Had you suggested such a thing to the dignitaries assembled on this campus in 1901 the answer would have been I imagine something like don't bet your top hat on it II Let us switch then to an explanation which while it does not neglect the impact of either the American example or the underlying tectonics does not depend upon them either it has to do with the role of contingency in history Because great events determine so much that happens afterwards we tend too easily to assume that they could only have happened in the way that they did A prime example is World War I or the Great War as it was known until an even greater one came along Without this catastrophe we can safely surmise the remaining history of the 20 century would have been very different But because we cannot know the nature of those differences we too often rely on the dubious doctrine of inevitability in seeking to explain the origins of the war and its subsequent evolution That makes one of its most important consequences -the emergence of Woodrow Wilson as the first world leader with a global democratic vision - seem far more predetermined than it actually was After all no one had expected a major European war to break out in the summer of 1914 Once it had hardly anyone anticipated that it would still be stalemated three years later or that the United States would then enter it and help to bring about an allied victory Certainly Wilson had not foreseen when he entered the White House in 1913 that he would be shaping a European peace settlement in 1918-19 it would be the greatest irony he commented shortly after taking office if his administration should find itself involved in any significant way in European affairs Wilson's commitment to make the world safe for democracy therefore grew more out of circumstances than destiny He seized an unexpected opportunity to project national power onto the international scene but he had no plan in place to 11-L-0559 OSD 275 4 implement his lofty vision His reasons for invoking it indeed were less than lofty he was trying to win the support of a still isolationist country for a war aimed at restoring the balance of power in Europe The easiest way to do that seemed to be to portray adversaries as autocrats and allies as democrats despite the fact that among these allies had he not been overthrown only a few weeks earlier would have been the greatest autocrat of them all at the time the Russian tsar What Wilson was doing in short was enlisting idealism in the defense of realism a technique Jefferson would fully have understood It took another unexpected event-the triumph of Bolshevism in Russia several months later-to transform Wilson's tactics into a highly effective grand strategy For although Wilson had welcomed the tsar's collapse he had been horrified when the resulting chaos allowed a tiny band of revolutionaries to seize control of that country withdraw it from the war and then challenge the legitimacy of the existing social order everywhere else Wilson and other allied leaders took the Bolshevik Revolution sufficiently seriously that during the final year of the fighting they gave almost as much attention to containing its effects as to defeating Germany That was the context then in which Wilson made his Fourteen Points speech of January 1918 arguably the most influential public pronouncement by any leader at any point in the 2ri century For in seeking to counter the attraction of Bolshevism Wilson pushed himself into proclaiming two great interlocking principles that would shape the American approach to the world for decades to come political selfdetermination and economic integration People should have the right he insisted not only to choose their own forms of government but also to benefit from the open markets that would ensure their own prosperity The world was now to be made safe for both democracy and capitalism In making this connection Wilson was grounding his idealism in a more compelling realism than even those consummate realists Marx and Lenin were able to achieve It's true that they like Wilson saw themselves as seeking democracy what else would a classless society be - but they did so by relying on dictatorships whether in the management of politics or economics to bring that condition about They believed almost as a matter of religious conviction that coercion in the short run would produce liberation in the long run that means disconnected from ends would not corrupt ends It proved to be one of the costliest leaps of faith in all of history Wilson was far more practical He sensed the need for simultaneous advance toward social and material well-being He saw the danger of seeking one while postponing the other He understood that economics sustains politics even as politics disciplines economics that the relationship is symbiotic not separate There was to be sure nothing new about such thinking it had been the basis for British liberalism throughout much of the 19 ' century and for American progressivism in the early 2cf1' century But it was one thing to have it said y John Bright or Herbert Croly in a book or from a lecture platform It was quite another to have it proclaimed by the most influential man in the world as by the flnal year of the war Wilson had become Or by the man of the century a distinction future historians may well regard Wilson as having merited 11-L-0559 OSD 276 5 III But get back into your time machine for a moment and run a reality check on that last proposition Set your dial for 1920 Yale University and the ceremonies dedicating the Woolsey Hall memorial to the dead of the Great War Would Wilson have looked to anyone there like the man of the century I very much doubt it for not only had he failed to get the settlement he wanted at the Paris peace conference he had not even managed to sell membership in the League ofNations - the institution critical to sustaining his global vision-to his own people He would die broken in health and embittered in spirit four years later with the events that would ultimately vindicate him nowhere in sight on the horizon Given the American withdrawal back into political isolationism in the 1920s and then into economic isolationism in the 1930s given the demoralizing failures of both capitalism and democracy in Europe during those years given the rise of authoritarian alternatives in the consolidation of communist rule in Russia the emergence of fascism in Italy and Germany and the rise of militarism in Japan given all of these things it was possible on the eve of World War II for many people to say and for more to believe that authoritarianism not democracy was the wave of the future The organization America First which attracted so much support on this campus after the fighting broke out in Europe in 1939 had as its goal insulating the United States from the rest of the world not inspiring or leading it We tend to remember World War II today as a good war in the sense that it so thoroughly crushed the challenges to democracy that the Axis states had mounted and so decisively propelled the United States into the position of global hegemon As a consequence it's easy to forget two things that the outcome of the war until at least half of the way through it was by no means assured and that victory when it finally did come guaranteed little about the future safety of either democracy or capitalism Recent scholarship has tended to confirm for World War II what the Duke of Wellington said about the Battle of Waterloo that it was the nearest run thing you ever saw 3 The reasons for this reside not just in the improbable coincidence of the democracies having leaders like Winston Churchill and Franklin D Roosevelt who rose magnificently to occasions neither of them could have anticipated nor in the amazing shortsightedness of Adolf Hitler in declaring war on both the Soviet Union and the United States within a six month period of time nor in the unexpected tenacity of the British the remarkable fortitude of the Russians the awesome technological prowess of the Americans and the increasingly frequent military incompetence as the war wore on of the Germans and the Japanese All oftbese things had to come together to produce victory along with the incalculable moral effect of fighting enemies that had come to be seen as truly cvil 4 Even so the end of the war was no clear triumph for democracy or capitalism For despite the fact that Roosevelt in the Atlantic Charter had sought to revive Wilson's vision victory had come only through collaboration with an ally who in no 'Elizabeth l clalfald W•lllltgton London Wcidml ld Nlool111111 1992 p 333 ·For excellent nacn1 book 111 t- - 11ow cuily 111e could 111e Rlclmd Owly Why tJw A Ila Won London Plmlico 1995 aam 11-L-0559 OSD 277 -wiy • 6 way shared it Stalin's Soviet Union had not engaged as had Hitler's Germany in purposeful genocide but its record was bad enough During the decade from 1929 to 1939 it had managed through the brutalities associated with the collectivimion of agriculture the resulting famine and the purges that followed to kill something like twice the number of people who died in the Nazi Holocaust And yet the war's outcome left this regime controlling half of Europe The famous pictures of Roosevelt Churchill and Stalin posing amicably together reflected no vanquishing of autocracy by democracy therefore but rather the desperation with which democracy had hung on by the skin of its teeth Fast forward your time machine then to 1950 Yale University and the Woolsey Hall ceremony adding the World War II dead to lists of those killed in earlier wars Ask the attendees on that occasion about the future they saw ahead of them I suspect that for many of them it would not have been that ofWilsori but rather the one laid out in George Orwell's novel 1984 published only the year before Big Brother was of course Stalin transparently disguised The very indispensability of his role in defeating fascism now made communism seem close to invincible with Mao Zedong's recent victory in China that ideology dominated a huge stretch of territory extending from the Baltic to the Pacific There were to be sure some 22 democracies in the world that year but there were twice as many regimes that would have qualified by the Freedom House standards as either authoritarian or totalitarian 5 The world was hardly safe for democracy yet IV So did the Cold War make it so That's an intriguing question because promoting democracy is not exactly what the Cold War was noted for while it was going on And yet the Freedom House statistics - the jump from 22 democracies in 1950 to 120 by the year 2000 - suggest some connection between the Cold War and the expansion of democratic governance this did not all happen after that conflict ended So did democracy spread because of the Cold War or in spite of it Correlations it's worth remembering aren't always causes The in spite of arguments will be familiar to you They emphasize the division of most of the postwar world into Soviet and American spheres of influence the extent to which that influence constrained the autonomy of those who fell within it and especially the means by which Washington and Moscow chose to conduct so much of their competition - the nuclear balance of terror This seemed the ultimate affront to democracy because it risked the denial of life itself in the pursuit of geopolitical stability The United States would win one Air Force general is said to have commented if after a nuclear war there were only two Americans left You'd better make damn sure general a civilian aide replied that one is a man and the other a woman ' Critical to the in spite of argument is the assumption of moral equivalency the claim that the two Cold War systems were equally repressive It's easy to forget now what a popular position this once was It grew out of the anti-Vietnam War and See note I for the source or these statistics William Kauffman iet ln Ibis story In mi Interview for the CNN tolovlslon sties Cald Wiii' 11-L-0559 OSD 278 7 anti-nuclear weapons protests ofthe 1960s and 1970s It informed much of the revisionist historiography on the origins of the Cold War that was being produced during those years It was why Ronald Reagan felt obliged so pointedly to characterize the Soviet Union in 1983 as an evil empire And as late as 1984 Orwell's year - it was still possible for that exquisite barometer of academic sclfindulgence the Oxford Union to debate the proposition Resolved there is no moral difference between the foreign policies of the U S and the USSR ' Such arguments began to lose their credibility though as people like Andrei Sakharov Vaclav Have Lech Walesa Pope John Paul II and ultimately Mikhail Gorbachev himself made it clear that they saw a considerable moral difference between the democratic governments that were flourishing on one side of the Cold War divide and the autocratic regimes that were hanging on increasingly desperately on the other side of it It became far more difficult to blame the Americans and their allies for maintaining an anti-democratic system when their erstwhile adversaries were so eloquently condemning - and effectively dismantling -their own Even before the Cold War ended then moral equivalency arguments had lost much of their appeal today hardly anyone makes them A more serious objection to the claim that the Cold War fostered the growth of democracy has to do with the underlying tectonics I mentioned at the beginning of the lecture If late 19 century improvements in marketization and mass communication continued throughout the 201h- as they surely did - would they not have incubated democracies quite effectively whether there had been a Cold War going on or not' Is not what happens beneath the surface of events ultimately more significant than the events themselves The problem here though is the evidence from the first half of the 20 century that marketization and mass communication could as easily incubate authoritarianism Using them to explain democratization during the Cold War requires showing that these processes had somehow changed that at some point they began to reward only lateral but no longer hierarchical forms of political organization I think it's possible to make that case but only by bringing in what my political science colleagues would call exogenous variables Did markets themselves generate safeguards against their own excesses or did states learn from the painful experience of the 1930s that they had better impose these Did the means of communication shift all that dramatically in the 1940s or was it the war that sensitized people to their possible abuses Tectonic determinism is always difficult to confirm because the tectonics tend to manifest themselves in particular contexts the effects of which can't always easily be distinguished There has been one attempt to link democratisation to technological advance by way of the Cold War though it's what we might call the Teflon argument 1hc older people here will recall the justifications the National Aeronautics and Space Administration used to make for the space program when budgets looked likely to be cut without it we were told housewives would never have had Teflon since this better method of frying bacon had evolved from the need to avoid frying astronauts as their space capsules re-entered the atmosphere The Teflon explanation has been 'John Lawis Gaddis On Mani Equlvatancy and Cold Wm History Ethics and lesm ip•I Apajm X 1998 131-41 11-L-0559 OSD 279 8 expanded in various ways without the inducements the Cold Vfar provided to develop the necessary technology it's often said we would never have had such innovations as jet-powered airliners interstate highways SO k hannel satellite receiving dishes mobile phones and of course the internet which began as a supplementary command and control network for the Pentagon in the event of nuclear war And without these things we could never have had globalisation which in turn has promoted democratization Or so the argument runs I don't think much of it though for a couple of reasons First it reverses chronology the movement toward democratization was well under way before most of these innovations were Second it assumes that what people have is more important than what they think The perils of this approach became clear in 1999 when the New York Times columnist Tom Friedman published his Golden Arches Theory of Conflict Resolution which noted that no state with a McDonald's franchise had ever gone to war with another one Unfortunately the United States and its NATO allies chose just that inauspicious moment to begin bombing Belgrade 1 where there were an embarrassing number of golden arches All of these in spite of arguments - and in their own way the Teflon and Golden Arches explanations as well - disconnect democratization from the mainstream of Cold War history They build a wall between domestic politics and geopolitics that seems unlikely to have existed in the minds of people at the time They strike me for that reason as less than plausible So what if we were to take seriously the alternative position however unlikely it might seem which is that the Soviet-American superpower rivalry actually promoted democratization That the diffusion of democracy is at least in part an offspring even if an unexpected one of the Cold War itself V The case in favor of this argument would focus on the role of the United States and especially on the differences in the way it handled its responsibilities in the two postwar eras I spoke earlier of Wilson's insight that economic and political progress had to proceed simultaneously that just as one could not expect prosperity without open markets and unconstrained politics so one could not postpone prosperity - as Marxism Leninism and ultimately Maoism also attempted to do - and still expect to get democracy Wilson's countrymen had not embraced this logic though after World War I and as a consequence the United States made no sustained effort to implement his vision It did after World War II What made the difference Part of the answer I'm sure was simply guilt despite their power the Americans had done so little to prevent the coming of the second war that they were determined after it was over not to repeat their behavior after the first war But part of the reason also was that the world of the early 1920s had seemed relatively benign there were no obvious threats to American security The world of the late 1940s in contrast seemed anything but benign We can of course debate the accuracy of the view that Stalin posed as great a threat to the European balance of power as Hitler Friedman made this claim In Thtt ADI$ flllll lhe Ollwl Tm New Yorlr FllJl'll' S - t OU- 1999 11-L-0559 OSD 280 9 had the few Soviet documents we have are inconclusive on that point and even if we had all the documents my fellow historians would still find ways to disagree as to what they showed For our purposes here though what's important is not what Stalin's intentions really were but what American leaders believed them to be About that there's little doubt and as a consequence the Truman administration had resolved by 1947 to act very differently from the way in which its predecessors had acted a quarter century earlier What it did was to transform Wilson's idea of a world safe for democracy and capitalism into a strategy of containment and then to sell it - as Wilson had never managed to do -to the American people Stalin certainly helped for although planning for the United Nations and the Bretton Woods system preceded the onset of the Cold War it's not at all clear that the United States would have sustained these commitments to internationalism had there been no Soviet threat There certainly would have been no Truman Doctrine no Marshall Plan and no North Atlantic Treaty Organization And I suspect there would not have been as well what now looks to have been the single most important contribution the Americans made toward global democratization that was a new and remarkably ambitious effort at democratic transplantation aimed this time at two of the most persistently authoritarian cultures on the face of the earth those of Germany and Japan Only Americans I think would have attempted something as rash as this Only an innocence bordering on ignorance of the countries involved could have led them to consider it Only authoritarian proconsuls like General Lucius Clay in Germany and General Douglas MacArthur in Japan would have bypassed a Washington bureaucracy more attuned to the punishment of defeated enemies than to their rehabilitation Only the willingness to make distasteful compromises -to cooperate with recently hated adversaries - could have made the new policy work And only the realization that a greater adversary was arising out of Eurasian heartland and that the Germans and the Japanese ifnot quickly integrated into the system of Western democratic states could wind up as allies of the new enemy - only this I think could have provided a basis for justifying this new policy to the American people and to those other American allies who had themselves suffered at the hands of the Germans and the Japanese ' Each of these improbabilities had to intersect with and reinforce the other in order to produce an effect we today take for granted that these two formerly authoritarian states are now and have long been safe for democracy and capitalism It was however another of Wellington's nearest run things The course of events could easily have proceeded otherwise To see how reset your time machine but now in the counter-factual mode that allows you to change a single variable re-run a subsequent sequence and see what difference this made Begin with the death of Franklin D Roosevelt in April 1945 but change just one thing the new president Harry S Truman decides to stick with and apply to both Germany and Japan the harshly punitive occupation policies laid out by the late president's influential Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr which FDR had at J - 'Tiie bat dllCllllioll of the America clenuJcnliMlion of lenneny i i1 in Tony Smith A-ricrJ '8 Minion 71N Umltd 'rfom mttl tire Wnt'ldwW 'ilnlfg#e ftW Dtutlocrtlcy ltt IM 'T'tHnlMtlt C1111a y PrincclOG PriaGccon IJalvcnily 1994 pp 146-76 11-L-0559 OSD 281 10 one point himself endorsed The scenario then proceeds as follows After the sacking of Generals Clay and MacArthur the American occupation authorities in Germany and Japan dutifully follow Washington's orders The Germans and the Japanese quickly come to resent the resulting repression combined with starvation and communists in both countries begin to gain support for their view that the right to eat is more important than the right to vote The resistance they generate makes the occupation so difficult to administer that the new Republican majority in Congress resolves early in 1947 to bring the boys home and to stop pouring money down 10 foreign ratholes Truman and his advisers belatedly try save the situation by devising various plans which they name for themselves but when the Soviet blockade forces the Western powers out of Berlin early in 1948 American authority crumbles throughout West Germany and the spillover effects are felt in Japan as well Coordinated coups bring both countries into the communist camp that summer just on the eve of a Democratic National Convention which feels it has no choice but to replace Truman with the only American who seems to have a chance of cutting a deal with Stalin the former vice president Henry A Wallace Having run successfully on the platform He'll keep us out of the Cold War President Wallace follows the example of Neville Chamberlain ten years earlier and negotiates peace in our time with a Soviet Union that now that its ally Mao Zedong has triumphed in China as well dominates the entire Eurasian continent George Orwell's book is of course suppressed but still it's his vision not Wilson's that turns out to have been the wave of the future And at the end of our counterfactuBl time machine sequence which is of course the Yale tercentennial in 2001 a group of distinguished professors are lecturing knowledgeably on the theme Authoritarian Vistas Outrageous you say Off the wall Well no more so I think than what any American would have said at the beginning of the 1940s if told what the Americans would actually have accomplished by the end of the 1940s That scenario would have seemed not just counter-factual but fantastical VI Those of you who are into chaos theory- or Tom Stoppard's theatrical renderings of it - will know about something about butterfly effects those tiny perturbations at the beginning of a process that can make an enormous difference at the end of it The term originated in meteorology with the suggestion that a butterfly fluttering its wings over Beijing can in theory at least set off a hurricane over Bermuda that's why weather forecasting is so difficult It's since extended into the realms of physics mathematics paleontology economics and now even into politics with the very recently discovered Florida butterfly ballot What's implied in all of this is something historians have known all along but haven't always explained well that under certain circumstances small events can set '°Whlcb is what the newly-elected British India and Palestine that yar 11-L-0559 OSD 282 Labour aowr-t did in fact decide ID do widl l'llJlllll to 11 in motion much larger ones that the relationship between causes and consequences isn't always proportionate that there are great turning points in the past and that the points upon which they turn on can be exceedingly small The 1945-47 period wu just such a turning point I think for Wilson's vision of a world safe for democracy and capitalism Until that moment the cards had seemed stacked against it Even victory in World War II had not reversed a trend that seemed more likely to lead to authoritarian vistas than to democratic ones But after 194 7 the authoritarian tide - if you will pardon this profusion of metaphors-began to recede What it left behind was a slowly emerging democratic world For if two of the most authoritarian states in history were on thew ay to becoming democracies -and if they were recovering their economic strength asthey did so -then that was as powerful a demonstration as can be imagined of the practicality as well as the principled character of Wilson's vision The Soviet Union had nothing with which to counter it all it could offer was an ideologically based promise that seemed increasingly at odds with practicality It would take years indeed decades - for the contrast so become so clear that it began to shape the Cold War's outcome but in the end it did just that The nuclear weapons and other instruments of war the super-powers piled up during that conflict did little to determine how it actually came out But the distinction between a Wilsonian vision realized on one side and denied on the other turned out to be decisive Would it all have happened without the Cold War I rather doubt it for in the classic tradition of what free enterprise is supposed to do it was the competition that forced the United States in this critical instance to do the right thing VII What's the right thing to do today though in a very different world in which there's so little competition In which democracy is no longer the exception but the norm How can the United States use its influence to help ensure that the world of 210 I -the next logical stop on our time machine tour of Yale ceremonial occasions remains at least as hospitable to democratic institutions as is the present one Several things occur to me which I should like to list in ascending order of their importance First admit our shortcomings The Cold War was a brutal time and the United·States committed its share of brutalities in trying to win it Paradoxically the further we got from Europe which was always the main arena of Cold War competition the less scrupulous we were about supporting democracy too many people in Latin America Africa the Middle East and Southeast Asia suffered as a result Even in Europe we did not always prefer the democratic alternative as our record in Spain Portugal and Greece clearly demonstrates Our enthusiasm for capitalism was always more consistent than our enthusiasm for democracy despite our ideological commitment to the principle that the two went hand in hand The historian's equivalent of truth in advertising demands that we acknowledge this even as we should try to understand the reasons for it They involved chiefly a lingering pessimism about the climate for democratic transplants a fear that these might not survive in places where the resentments generated by 11-L-0559 OSD 283 '· • 12 poverty or injustice were too great Some of this pessimism grew outof guilt overthc extenttowhichtheUnitedStatesanditsWesternEuropeanallies bad contributed 10 these conditions whether through formal or informal imperialism Somoof it refleacd a tendency to attribute to the Soviet Union and its allies a far grader capacity than they actually had to win friends and influence people in the Third World Some of it resultedftom a widespread habit within the U S governmentunderstandableina generation of leaders that badsurviveddepressionand war- OL' asswnin the worst even as one boped for the best Three Americans I think should get particular credit for having reversed this long history of official pessimism about democratic prospects although only one of them normally does Jimmy Carter's achievement in making human rightsthe centrepieceof his fo ign policy and mostly meaning it is justifiably well known But I would also give credit to Henry Kissinger wbo as be neared the rod of his years in government repudiated his own earlier policy of supporting white minority regimes in southern Amca and to Ronald Reagan wbo despite a dubious record in Central America had the imagination withtho Reagan Doctrine to tum the table on the Soviets and begin dcmonslrating that it was they not the Americans who were more often the imperialists in a post-colonial world What Carter Kissinger and Reagan were all moving toward- even if at different rates wd under ditrcring circumstances - was the view that the United States need not fear the choices the Third World if freed ftom imperialism would now make My second recommendation after acknowledging our history istbat we EvenAmericansdonot normallyassoc iatethatqualitywith themselves but if you go back and study carefully what everyone no• aclcnowlecfaes to have been our most creative period in our foreign policy - the one in which we were transplanting democracy toGcnnanyand Japan while seeking torevivo it elsewhere in Europe-you'll fmd that we sbow-ed aremarkablc scnsitiv ityto interests andadviceof others TheR wasnoeffort to tnmsfonn the countries we occupied or supported into clients or emm clones of ourselves MacArthur presided in Japan ovor on-e of the few successful land redistribution projects in modem history 'Ibll Marshall Plan wound up reinforcing the European social welfare state Tho movement for European economic integration which we consist tly supported was intended to create competitors to ourselves NATO was from the start a European initiative and despitethe disproportionam power we'vealways wielded within the alliance it was the Europeans who largely shaped its evolution during the Cold War l'flacqtlW OW h111r11llty We exhibited this openness tome views of others I think for several reuons One was that we often weren't suie what to do ourselves and so n-e-ed-ed all the help we could get But there was also the sense at least in Europe that if we appomed too domineering the Russians would only benefit ftom this Their own arrogance and brutality in Eastern Europe it was clear from the earliest days of the Cold War was a liability for them That made us all the more determined to treat our own allies with respect togivethem reasons for wanting to be within the American sphere of intlucnc e and not to feel that they'd had it forced upon thom We allowed tboir intcreststoshape the disposition of our power In short we listened Since the Cold War ended though it seems to mo thatwe'vo fallen into a cliffenmt habit which is that of instructing This was ono of Woodrow Wilson's less 11-L-0559 OSD 284 13 attractive personal characteristics - perhaps growing out of his previous career as a professor·· and it seems now that in its otherwise quite justifiable rediscovery of Wilson our foreign policy is embracing it too The Clinton administration expected the world to be impressed by its repeated claims of American indispensability even as it failed to define coherently the purposes for which we were indeed indispensable The new Bush administration hasn't done any better its recent humiliation of South Korea for attempting to remove remaining remnants of the Cold War together with its unnecessarily abrupt rejection of the Kyoto Protocol at just the moment the scientific evidence on global warming has become compelling suggest a disregard for the opinions of others that's quite at odds with how we waged -and won-the Cold War These tendencies if 1 may sound instructive myself need correction My third suggestion would be to acknowledge contingency If the history of democratisation during the 20 ' century suggests anything at all it is that this was a contingent not a determined process there was nothing inevitable about it An improbable combination of circumstances allowed what in the long sweep of history will seem like a relatively small push by the Americans-the democratisation of Germany and Japan-to have very big effects No theory of which I am aware could have predicted this sequence of events and that ought to caution us as we assess the prospects for democratisation in the future It would be a great mistake it seems to me to assume that democracy grows automatically out of any one thing To say that it depends solely upon support from the United States ignores the uniqueness of the situation in which that support was indeed critical during the early Cold War To say that it results from economic integration is to ignore the fact that the world was about as integrated at the beginning of the 2rf' century when there were no democracies at all as it is now To say that it grows out of capitalism ignores the role capitalists have played - and not just in Nazi Germany - in supporting authoritarianism To say that it grows out of allowing people the right to determine their own future neglects the fact that some people are determined to deny other people any future at ail does anyone really believe that democracy if fully practiced by all sides in the Balkan crises of the 1990s or by the Israelis and the Palestinians today would fully benefit all sides And to say that because democracy turned out to be the wave of the future during the 20 century doesn't necessarily make it so for the 21• It's also the case that combinations of causes can have contradictory as well as complimentary effects We tend to assume the compliment y of Wilson's great principles economic integration and political self-determination because they mostly were during the Cold War But has not the post-Cold War era already exposed fault lines suggesting that these two tectonic processes are not in fact moving in the same direction7 The backlash against globalization that has surfaced so conspicuously over the past couple of years at places like Seattle Washington Prague and Davos only reflects a basic reality that we should long ago have anticipated it is that people do not always vote in the way that economists think My final suggestion as we consider what we might do to sustain democracy in the face of these contradictions is to remember laaiah Berlin It was my privilege to For the -- for and against this proposition - Niall ferglllm Tlttt Cam Haw U0twy Paw•r In llw Mor#m War 4 l1 20IJO London Allen Lane 211111 pp 309 12 11-L-0559 OSD 285 a • 14 know the great man slightly when I was at Oxford eight years ago and to witness at first hand his congeniality and conversational brilliance his interest in everything and everybody and his emphatic impatience with any effort to look at the world from any single point of view He was more than anyone else I've ever met or read about a tiu philosopher of democracy As befits a man who loved the distinction between foxes and hedgehogs Sir Isaiah taught us many different things but als one big thing and yet he avoided the contradiction this might seem to imply I have in mind his concept of the lncomme '110rabllity of value the idea that while we can and should pursue multiple goods they are not all mutually compatible Some will complement one another some will contradict one another we cannot to the same extent and in all situations have them all The art of politics - certainly of democratic politics - is the art of balancing incommensurate goods of making tough choices of keeping the whole picture and not just part of it in mind of taking an ecological view of our own existence For the word ecology in this sense implies the balance it takes to keep an organism healthy We understand it well enough when it comes to our plants our pets our children and ourselves we know how easily there can be too much of any good thing and how harmful the consequences can be I'm not sure we know that yet though in a political world - to say nothing of an academic world - that so often encourages investments in single causes even if in the name of demo¢ratic principles For this is as Berlin reminds us fundamentally an anti-democratic procedure the search for perfection he writes does seem to me a recipe for bloodshed no better 12 even if it is demanded by the sincerest of idealists the purest of heart This is then democracy's Achilles's heel it's a disconnection of means from ends not all that different from the one at the top of the slippery slope that produced at its bottom the great anti-democratic movements of the century that has just ended It's what ought to haunt us as we think about the century that's now beginning and especially as we try to guess what may lie between us on this celebratory occasion for Yale University and our descendants a hundred years from now upon the next one 12 Tllo Punait of the Ideal in ltmiah Berlin Tho Prapt1r •' ' of 1bttl An A '° ' of BIR ls edited by Henry Hanly and Roger HHllaecr New York F- S-ud Ga- 19911 p 15 11-L-0559 OSD 286 snowflake TO Steve Cambone CC Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 SUBJECT Attached Attached is a paper on Managing The Pentagon from 1989 I have no idea who wrote it but it has some interesting thoughts although somewhat out of date Thanks DHR azn 052901 34 Attach Managing the Pentagon 1 31 89 t t C t U10134 I 01 11-L-0559 OSD 287 7 Date January 31 1989 Subject MANAGING THE PENTAGON INTRODUCTION This memorandum identifies several issues that you should resolve early because they affect the charters of OSD offices and the quality of support for your decision processes Separate sections lay out aspects of the management problems you face stress the importance of strategy development describe the operation of three separate decision processes that you inherit and raise issues for your consideration My recommendations are included where appropriate Without knowing how familiar each of you is with this material I have tried to provide minimal background I would of course be pleased to discuss any of· these matters in more depth at your convenience THE PROBLEM The new Administration has staked a great deal on good management of the Pentagon Yet the country could be shortchanged by the very focus on cutting the budget and reforming weapons procurement that many inside the Administration and out are calling for It all depends on how it ' s done The new Pentagon management team is being called upon to deliver better value for the taxpayer and to restore confidence in the integrity of defense management Yet even this understates the true challenge If the President accepts level or even declining real defense spending the cuts in currently approved forces and programs must be very large This acceptance would be grounded more in domestic political reality than in an admittedly uncertain assessment of the U S world role Thus diving right into budget cutbacks would be like ordering materials for a new house before the architect has drawn the plans A thoroughgoing reassessment of our national security needs and the means to attain them is needed to guide the force restructuring the reformed procurements and the budget cuts The real job of defense management is to match a strategy and the military capabilities needed to carry it out with a defense program made up of forces and weapons that can be provided at budget levels that Congress can be persuaded to -make available 11-L-0559 OSD 288 - 2 Making this match means reassessing objectives evaluating means and searching out more efficient ways of doing business It takes literally hundreds of decisions about policies forces weapons personnel organizations operations and timing To pull it off the Secretary must control the Pentagon agenda The passive management style in vogue recently--setting budget limits for the Services and then reacting to their spending proposals--can't lead to a balance of strategy program and budget The task of matching strategy program and budget is further complicated by two realities of the Pentagon First agreement rarely exists on specific objectives Second all the players will nmalways be on your team including some appointees of the Administration and some senior military officers Yet more than usual the national interest requires clear policy direction and civilian military teamwork at the Pentagon THE PRIMACY OF STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT Why is rethinking defense strategy so important and how should you see that it gets done Stripped to its fundamentals managing the defense program is about preparing for the use of military force That stark realization guides everything else Military force is only one instrument of policy But the credible use of force is-the only constant and effective instrument of order in a fractious world The U S has a special role as global keeper of order Our capacity to play this role far outstrips that of any like-minded country For this role to be credible the U S must be willing to use force in concert with allies and security partners when possible unilaterally when necessary To accord with American values and secure the support of the American people any use of force must be thoughtful and appropriate And that requires instruments--military forces-designed and employed with the ends and circumstances of their potential use in mind This is what a defense strategy means--defining U S interests and objectives thinking through the circumstances that could threaten them to the point of calling upon the use of U S military power devising the military capabilities needed fox each case and deciding the mixof forces and deployments that will best deter hostile acts against U S interests or attain U S security objectives should deterrence fail A defense strategy should fit coherently into an overall national security strategy which means close coordination is needed during its development at the level of the National Security Council and some key 11-L-0559 OSD 289 -3 decisions will have to be made by the President Nonetheless the Secretary of Defense has the managementchallenge of preparing the nation's military capabilities to support the defense strategy While it may be obvious that no force structure and defense budget to go with it can be adequately justified to Congress and the American people unless it derives from a thoughtful and coherent strategy consider your day-to-day management challenge if you were forced to operate without one Along comes a key decision about a new major weapon system pushed hard by the Chief or Secretary of a Service You might say to either of them I'm worried that your system is too costly and won't work as well as advertised The Chief or Secretary could respond We know how to solve all the remaining technical problems The system will have several impressive capabilities The requirement for it was approved years ago Maybe we can get the cost down some but we can't put a price tag on our security Besides the costs are low for the first couple of years What happens next Perhaps your staff can uncover a technical Achilles heel in the design or produce independent cost estimates you'd be willing to stand on Even so an aura of arbitrariness will creep into decisions based primarily on cutting and fitting the defense program with many such pieces to a fixed budget The perception of arbitrary budget-driven decisions will undermine the credibility of defense management which partly explains the problems Secretary Weinberger had when the budget stopped growing and his ambitious program had to be cut back How much better if you were able to say That system won't add very much to the capabilities needed to carry out our strategy Besides there are several other ways to skin that samecat conduct the mission that give us more capability for the money This way you provoke a assessment carried out in terms of national needs rather than Service preferences greatly increasing ability to s'hipe the Pentagon agenda and generate the kind of information needed to support your decisions your Therein lies an important principle of defense management and a key underlying design criterion for the management systems which serve the Secretary of Defense If you are to exercise your authority as required by law control the Pentagon agenda and produce a credible defense program you will have to see to it that issues are framed for decision in terms that put you in the driver's seat This means dealing with defense missions that often cut across Service lines in pursuit of national objectives Then you are managing a national exercise in which each Service is a part But the DoD is not organized in mission terms If decisions get framed in Army or Navy_ or Air Force terms the Service will clearly speak with greater authority than the Secretary in any debate about the merits Obviously dividing budget changes by three to give each Service its share of any increase or cut though frequent practice in the Pentagon abdicates the responsibilities entrusted to the Secretary of Defense To discharge these responsibilities you have 11-L-0559 OSD 290 - 4 to get the bureaucracy to play on the national team not let them call the shots The kind of questions that should dominate the Secretary's agenda flow from the elements of strategy and missions For an illustrative though certainly not exhaustive list see Enclosure 1 While all are good questions this list offers just a few examples of the many questions that have to be formulated and answered in the process of developing a strategy with a matching set of force plans and capabilities Strategy development must come first because efficiency in the defense program depends in the first instance on ensuring that only those forces and weapons are budgeted which fit the strategy and provide needed capabilities But delivering better value for the taxpayer takes more New weapons should actually work in the field and not be goldplated This is discussed in somewhat greater depth below Substantial efficiencies can also be found in different ways of doing business A few examples are listed in Enclosure 2 These macroefficiency issues don't arise from strategy development and won't bubble up from the bureaucracy You will have to create mechanisms to raise and consider such issues either through the ongoing resource allocation decision process or by special task force Decisions will be difficult implementation even harder and most of the savings will come several years in the future Yet attacking these kinds of issues offers the only real hope of lowering the defense budget without cutting needed military capabilities or of getting more capability from any given budget levels THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS In dealing with these questions and the myriad· details of systems and budgets how do the Secretary and Deputy actually manage the Department You get this done through three distinct decision processes that are often confused in public discussion One gives strategic direction to the JCS and the Commands to guide the organization and employment of existing forces often called contingency planning It has a short-term orientation with the focus on preparing to use existing forces if necessary A second provides for future capabilities and is usually referred to as the budget process or the planning programming and budgeting system PPBS It covers up to 5 or 6 fiscal years at a time The third usually called the acquisition process manages the development and procurement of new weapons systems It often must look out 7-10 years sometimes longer Both the Packard Commission's recommendations and the provisions of the Goldwater-Nichols defense reform legislation speak to some aspects of each of these areas These remove any doubt that the Secretary is charged with controlling rationalizing and interrelating these three areas of defense decision making The Congress seems determined to do 11-L-0559 OSD 291 - 5 - more in the future to hold the DoD leadership accountable in all three domains Some aspects of this heightened attention are new Contingency planning--defined broadly to include the assignment of missions and forces to the Commands planning for military operations the preparation of crisis management capabilities and the assurance of sound procedures and mechanisms for the command and control of the military forces - -is a time-honored professional military discipline I t has been largely under the purview of the Joint Chiefs of Staff JCS since the Department of Defense was formed in 1947 A 1958 law moved the Secretary into the chain-of-command under the President and took the JCS out Since then the Unified and Specified Commands whose Commanders-in-Chief are called CINCs report to the Secretary through the JCS now the Chairman of the JCS since Goldwater-Nichols only by the Secxetary's assignment But over the years Secretaries ofDefense have rarely devoted much effort and attention to contingency planning except in the area of command and control of the nuclear forces · '1 What's new is the insistence that the Secretary take this on Political guidance is a key ingredient of strategic direction for the employment of the forces The professional military of a free society expect political guidance even if a few do not welcome it Guidance is needed on such topics as-the role expected of other nations what warning assumptions to use when to plan for mobilization or make do with active forces where it is essential to avoid casualties POWs or collateral damage assumptions about base access and overflight rights in various circumstances how much risk to run of provoking the involvement of other powers the relative priorities of different commitments which cases must be handled simultaneously what geographical constraints will have to be respected These and other elements should be covered in your operational guidance to the JCS and the CINCs as a basis for their development and your review of contingency plans command and control and preparations for crisis management The PPBS was established by Secretary McNamara in the early 19 0s shortly after the Secretary's power over the purse was strengthened by that same 1958 Act The basic idea was to organize into missions terms the Secretary's decisions on the programs of the Services so that alternatives and tradeoffs could be considered on a meaningful basis The process was modified by Secretary Laird and Deputy Secretary Packard in 1969 with the addition of strategy and fiscal guidance from the Secretary to establish direction for set limits on the Services' program proposals at the same time shifting much of the initiative fox program development back to the Services Secretary Brown added a Defense Resources Board chaired by the Deputy Secretary The resulting process remains today the Secretary's principal management mechanism for assessing the needs for military capabilities evaluating the alternative means for achieving them and deciding the content of the 11-L-0559 OSD 292 - 6 - defense program and the budget The PPBS captures all decisions which affect the defense budget and thereby provides the only unifying context fox resource allocation decisions The recent reform efforts have mainly exhorted the Secretary to use the process to its full potential in making strategy forces and budgets match-up 11 The acquisition process received major attention from the Packard Commission and Goldwater-Nichols The function has been reorganized at the Pentagon and more emphasis has been placed on adhering to good management practices in weapons development and procurement streamlining the bureaucracy and clarifying lines of authority and accountability Two years later many observers believe that the intended improvements are barely discernible there is certainly no evidence yet that program outcomes are better Coincidentally concern about the quality of acquisition management has been heightened by disclosures of alleged illegal behavior by somecontractors and a few Service civilian officials The top management process for weapons acquisition directly under the Secretary has not materially changed from that established by Deputy Secretary Packard about 1970 The overall process is intended to ensure that acquisition projects are initiated and conducted to satisfy mission needs rather than generating technical solutions in search of a problem i e succumbing to technology-push A Defense Acquisition Board oversees each individual system reviewing each one at a series of milestones tied to the stages of system development and production At each decision point the systemmanagers are supposed to demonstrate certain standards of technical progress and management practice before being authorized to proceed into the next phase Good management practices such as unambiguous objectives tied to mission needs prototyping and hardware demonstration competition in its various forms - independent cost estimates extensive realistic testing before high-rate production special procedures for critical subsystems e g engines and complex electronics and accountability in contracting are frequently encouraged but not always practiced Because the acquisition decision process is necessarily organized around individual systems even when considering trade-offs with competing systems and operates on a schedule tied to events in that particular system life-cycle it does not easily maintain a broader perspective on strategy and competing demands for resources It is the right forum for ensuring the efficiency and integrity of how we buy defense systems it is not a good forum for deciding what we buy The PPBS fills that latter bill You will have to delineate more clearly within the Department the major responsibilities for how we buy and clarify their relationship to the PPBS At· the same time any efforts you make to stamp out illegal behavior can't be allowed to interfere with the good management practices needed to develop and procure effective weapons at affordable 11-L-0559 OSD 293 -7 prices And the discipline to adhere to those good practices needs to be strengthened Fortunately as you undertake to manage all of this you have lots of help available--from the Chairman the CINCs the Services and from your own staff Unfortunately not all of them will be able all the time to work a given issue from your broader perspective or even be willing to address some issues you will consider important--in some cases because of bureaucrat-ic bias in others due to lack of knowledge ox access Most of the proposals for forces and weapon systems will continue to comefrom the Services It is much hardex to get a Service to adopt a program it didn't invent than it is to refuse their proposals So you will need help in developing guidance to increase and shape the options available from the Services in assessing options on their merits in the proper mission context and in making the tradeoffs necessary to fit within an overall budget constraint One important and recently strengthened source of help is the Chairman of the JCS The Goldwater-Nichols law made the Chairman the principal militaxy advisor to the Secretary and the President instead of the JCS as a committee It also added a Vice Chairman to strengthen the cross-Service ox Joint perspective and chartered the Chairman to advise the Secretary on resource-constrained force plans and on strategy The current Chairman and the new Vice Chairman have already begun to perform parts of their new charter It will be up to you to manage this upgraded resource to exploit its full potential This will take supervision and careful tasking to bring the Chairman fully into deliberations on resource-constrained plans and programs now cooperative the JCS will be in supporting Secretarial management of contingency planning remains untested Overall the experience of the first couple of years with JCS reform suggests that you could get more help from this source than did your predecessors Like your predecessors you will have to depend mostheavily on your own staff and also on the Service Secretaries for the civilian support you need The Service Secretaries can be of great assistance in providing insights into the thinking behind Service proposals offering independent evaluations advancing your interests with their Service providing political advice and implementing your decisions It will be your challenge to keep them on your team since pressures are strong to take on the coloration of their Service For help that consistently adopts your perspective you will have to count on your own staff You can improve the quality of this support by clarifying the roles and responsibilities of certain parts of the OSD selecting well-qualified individuals and insisting that they build up staff competencies in selected areas 11-L-0559 OSD 294 - 6 - DECIDING THE ROLES OF OSD OFFICES The new position of Undersecretary for Acq_uisition USO A is by law the third-ranking off icia 1 in the DoD Recommend cc by the Packard Commission and enacted into law in 1986 this position has overall responsibility for the acquisit ion process The Secretary ill need to make clear that the USO A has complete responsibility and authority over major systems development and procurement with respect to how we buy and that he is one of the key advisors to the Secretary on what we buy He has line responsibility for management of the basic research advanced ·technology and management support portions of RDT E funds so called 6 1 6 2 6 3a and 6 5 monies And the offices responsible for development testing procurement policy logistics and c3 1 J as ell as the Director of Defens·e Research and Engineering DOR E and the DNA also report directly to him Thus the Undersecretary should be delegated responsibility for the quality and integrity of all development and procurement projects fox the policy guidance controlling all other acquisition activities for the defense technology base and for the management of the RDT E funds placed under his care He should control the milestone decisions for major systems subject to fundin'g having been made available through the PPBS and appropriate prior consultation with one of you You will need to clarify and reissue the charter of the USD A I f t One glaring gap in the USO A's authority arises from the Congressional insistence on having the office of operational test and evaluation report to the Secretary and the Congress but not the USD A The OT E function is an integral part of the development process It must be kept independent of the Services that develop the eapons systems but should not be detached from an otherwise integrated acquisition authority You should consider urging Congress to change the law so that OT E works under the-day-to-day supervision of the ·· · USO A with direct access to the Secretary and with independent OT E reports available to Congress The Undersecretary for Policy USD P is technically the fourth ranking official of the OoO In reality because his is a staff office with minimal line authority and because his pay grade is one notch lower his stature relative to the USO A and the Service Secretaries is somewhat less Nonetheless the USO P is the principal staff arm of the Secretary on· political-military operations This office should be assigned the role of helping you manage the contingency planning process The USD P working closely with the JCS and the Commands should develop political guidance for you to issue and should be given authority to review on your behalf all aspects of contingency planning command arrangements and control of the forces You trill have to insist that the JCS and the CINCs provide the USD P adequate access to their plans and data The USD P would also continue responsibilities for the DoD role in arms control negotiations relations with allies and 11-L-0559 OSD 295 - 9 security partners programs of security assistance and arms sales intelligence policy and net assessment You might consider renaming the office--either Under Secretary for Operations or Under Secretary for Political Military Affairs would be more properly descriptive of its function The PPBS can be managed by two offices reporting to the Secretary much as has been the case at times in the past The office of program analysis and evaluation with a broadened charter and appropriately renamed would be responsible for the planning and programming phases the comptroller would manage the budget phase Responsibility for planning future capabilities and analyzing program alternatives should be consolidated in PA E which could then be renamed Assistant Secretary for Planning Programming or Planning Analysis A full resource analysis capability should be reconstituted including responsibility for analyzing manpower and logistics requirements This will allow the macro-efficiency issues to be identified and examined The office should have an unconstrained analytical charter and you will want to ensure it has access to all needed information This office will be the only substantive staff supporting you that can stand entirely clear of operational and line responsibilities Since it has no axe to grind it can adopt and sustain your point of view If it also provides high quality analysis of the issues and polices the analytical quality produced by others it will be invaluable to you as it has'been in some earlier administrations If you plan on a division of responsibilities under which the Secretary concentrates on policy and strategy and the Deputy Secretary on operational management one possible allocation would be for Secretary Tower to supervise the contingency planning process while assigning supervision of the PPBS and the USD A's management of the acquisition process to Deputy Secretary Atwood YOU would then need to work closely together over the planning phase in PPBS so that Secretarial thinking leads strategy development and assures its coordination with contingency_planning This arrangement would also leave Secretary Tower more time for outside duties involving the Congress and the White House and for NSC-level issues such as arms control He would have to make it clear that the USD A reported to Deputy Secretary Atwood In the final analysis managing the Pentagon like any other enterprise comes down to people No amount of organizational clarification or staff work can substitute for intellectual leadership and management discipline from the top The best organization and process can't ensure good outcomes but can make it easier for management to produce good outcomes 11-L-0559 OSD 296 y - 10 - Defense management will not be judged only on whether the program can be cut and fit to a politically feasible budget level or abuses are reduced in the procurement of weapons systems It will matter whether the defense leadership can describe the U S role in the world define how military capabilities contribute to that role and to U S security and explain why the forces and weapons in the budget are an effective and efficient way to provide the needed capabilities I hope this memo makes some small contribution toward that broader end 11-L-0559 OSD 297 ENCLOSURE 1 ILLUSTRATIVE QUESTIONS FOR STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT What should be the future role and shape of the NATO alliance especially if the Soviet threat is reduced Could a stronger European role be specified If conventional arms reductions or NATO force enhancements could relieve somewhat the threat of short-warning attack in Europe what are the implications for the levels deployment and readiness of NATO forces What can be realistically done to counter a possible Soviet invasion of Iran or Turkey What forces or systems would be employed Given the likelihood of such an event how much should the U S program for this eventuality What is the role of and need for forward-deployed U S ground forces in the Pacific Can some reductions be made from historical levels and if so what compensating adjustments in U S or local forces would be prudent -- For what missions do we plan to use the carrier task forces of the Navy Could some be accomplished by modern long-range high accuracy weapons instead With what effect on the required size of the carrier force In what scenarios would the U S use the levels of forcible entry forces--Marines over the beach paratroopers special assault units--currently in our force structure What scenarios can be specified in which current or programmed forces would be inadequate to protect U S interests What operational capabilities are missing How could they be provided What is our base-access plan world-wide What capabilities would hedge against base denial What opportunities could the U S pursue to increase our ability to operate wherever we might need to in the world In each scenario what role do we expect our security partners to play How should their force planning be coordinated with our own Given the air-superiority forces in the Air Force and Navy should the Marine air arm be focused on ground attack and troop transport If good for the Marines should the Air Force give over its close air support mission to the Army 11-L-0559 OSD 298 - 2 - In the face of future threats and changing missions do we need a different Navy one less tied to carriers and blue water operations with more emphasis on submarines and with surface ships designed to operate in circumstances more -like those of the Persian Gulf campaign Does the current widespread deployment of nuclear weapons on Naval ships serve U S long term interests Will our Neither Confirm Nor Deny policy hold up What alternative nuclear weapons deployment patterns should be considered together with or separate from u s -soviet arms control agreements In both the conventional and nuclear realms how can our arms control planning and force improvements be made complementary and mutually reinforcing How does technological change affect strategy Where would advanced capabilities in the hands of adversaries call elements of strategy into question Would projected new capabilities make feasible elements which heretofore were considered too risky or costly or simply impossible What strategic defense capabilities are feasible in the next decade or so Which ones add to stability and security if both sides have them 11-L-0559 OSD 299 - ENCLOSURE 2 ILLUSTRATIVE MACRO-EFFICIENCY ISSUES The taxpayer could be better served if the DoD bureaucracy and the defense contractors were both subjected to pressures to ' consolidate operations and reduce overhead similar to those that much of American business has faced since the 1982 recession A start has been made on closing unneeded bases but more could ' be done especially if the headquarters structures of the Services were scrutinized at the same time Modern technology can multiply the wartime effectiveness of delivered munitions We usually take the benefits in increased capability rather than a smaller force of costly delivery platforms to do the same military job Various ideas have been studied for reconstituting the logistics support for combat forces that would make maintenance and supply more effective in wartime and might well save money in peacetime - Compensation for enlisted personnel could be adjusted to rely somewhat less on the pay tables that apply to all and more on special pays and bonuses for scarce skills with a likely reduction in overall budget costs NATO treats logistics support as a national responsibility each member responsible for support of its own forces Moving to the seemingly sensible concept of coalition logistics would offer greater combat capability or cost savings but lacks the needed political support even for developing a specific plan 11-L-0559 OSD 300 snowflake TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsf•ld DATE May 22 2001 SUBJECT Attachment JR Here's a piece on leadership through the ranks I don't know who sent it but there it is If you think someone else ought to see it send it along to them Thanks DHR azn 052901 36 -· Attach Leadership Through Ranks 5 3 01 I '· · -- j 0 U101' 01 11-L-0559 OSD 301 5 3 01 LEADERSHIP THROUGH THE RANKS The transformational changes necessary in the defense community in the next few years will only be possible if the millions of people in the Defense Department and its many allied and related partners from Congress to contractors provide leadership The purpose of this paper is to suggest a communications vehicle to allow those who have the opportunity to be leaders to get the idea that leadership is part of their job The communications envisioned will be filled less with specific direction and infused more with the larger sense of the necessary direction of needed change While leadership is often properly seen as a role for a few this paper looks for ways to assure that leadership is an activity for many if not all who are involved This is not a question of substitution so much as an issue of selection Some change can come from the execution of a commander's order Some cannot Sometimes leadership invokes a ''Yes Sii Sometimes a How about trying it this way is more in tune with the challenge - The goal of this paper is to offer a new device that advances an appreciation of the need and role for leadership activities beyond command and influence By offering this device - a project that if successful can have considerable impact it is hoped that other devices implemented in other parts of the defense community will have a similar impact Many aspects of the imminent and urgent departmental agenda are likely to involve objectives ill suited for achievement through hierarchical order giving If that sort of leadership worked in these areas the job might have been long since completed Efficiency innovation insight enthusiasm are the sorts of behaviors required by this agenda Understanding the distinction between management and leadership is also required A compelling vision of the future of our defenses is neither the sole property nor the exclusive responsibility of one person - not even the President or the Secretary of Defense Many many people must see roads to change and follow them The Defense Public Affairs functions are involved in exercises of leadership by command to be sure But Public Affairs has an even more compelling assignment to inspire the proper climate for leadership activities of a non·hierarchical nature Leadership through the ranks - the column - The Secretary of Defense is the colleague of millions of Americans in uniform in the families of those in uniform and in the civilian defense ranks 11-L-0559 OSD 302 • Similarly the Secretary must have a collegial relationship with the hundreds of thousands of men and women who provide the hardware and services to our forces as private citizens As we learned on Easter weekend the Secretary and the Department are also the colleague and friend of the many citizens who live and work in proximity to our bases and installations Finally and importantly the Secretary is the colleague of the hundreds of people who are involved in the development of defense policy in the Congress All of these people see the Secretary as a leader What may be needed is a way for him to return the honor The Secretary and his direct team as well as other prominent leaders in the Administration need access to this community of colleagues for purposes other than to command and report They need to converse and confer They need to muse and reflect They need to worry and wonder Occasionally they need to complain More often they need to applaud Imagine if an 800 word essay - a column if you will - were to be delivered every week to each of these millions perhaps tens of millions of colleagues hnagine if each essay conveyed the feeling of collegiality Imagine if each essay conveyed the importance of broad involvement in leadership activities Imagine if each essay was seen by the entire community putting all of the millions on the same page and-and the same level Week after wee every individual in the worldwide American defense community would spend a few minutes thinkjng in sync The delivery mechanisms seem to be in place The column would appear in every base newspaper It might even be offered to private sector newspapers in communities with defense installations just as surely as Congressman Rumsfeld's columns once appeared in the Winnetka Talk The column would be similarly provided to the employees of contractors Members of the Congress and their staffs would receive copies or encouraged to read it in the setting of a home district base paper This is not a column of news nor it is ''The Rumsfeld Report The community of leaders that constitutes the defense community will come to rely on this offering as a mechanism to aid and abet their own leadership Sometimes the author need not be the Secretary The President will be an excellent substitute on occasion as will the Secretaries of State and Treasury Housing and Health and others The Trade Representative should weigh in occasion as well as of course the Chiefs and the service Secretaries 11-L-0559 OSD 303 • But the Secretary will only occasionally yield the page because it is important for the conversations to have continuity and coherence Leaders need that and every reader is a leader Other senior leaders in the Department and the Administration may consider developing comparable venues just as this one follows from the Presidential venue of the Saturday radio address Leadership through the ranks is often difficult When leaders are made prominent their leadership becomes an expectation For others there may often be a sense the pennission must be granted - permission to take risks to try something new to challenge oneself and others The unstated sign-off for every Leadership through the Ranks essay is permission granted While a newspaper column may seem a little old-fashioned the written word is essential to the role to be played by these essays Reading is not hierarchical in the way of watching or even listening Reading can be done at the right time rather than the scheduled time Reading can be reviewed without being rewound And finally reading prompts a universally available mechanism for response and engagement - writing Line extensions for this project into television radio and Internet are logical additions to Leadership through the ranks venues but they should be undertaken carefully The electronic media seem inherently more hierarchical Presenting the same words as the column in a television context may have a very different feel Interactive media will surely play a role at some point Both of these formats ultimately share an important trait with the written word They can be absorbed over the shoulder Many in the audience from spouses to the neighbors to the members of Congress may not immediately perceive themselves to be the intended audience This is not a problem The posture of the outsider may be just a step on the path to leadership If the words are right the opportunities should be clear The ranks of leadership will proliferate Bill Roesing Revised April27 2001 11-L-0559 OSD 304 • Second draft April 24 2001 LEADERSHIP THROUGH THE RANKS sample column Spiraling to progress American weapons systems are falling behind the technological curve New weapons can take ten years to produce The technology upon which those systems are based usually becomes outdated in 18 months This pattern must be changed The solution will come when everyone involved in using the system has the opportunity to help lead the way to the best design Perhaps government is neither as effective nor as efficient as the private sector when it comes to innovation Yet it is not logical to tum all innovation over to contractors no matter how innovative they are - and many of them are enormously creative The simple fact is that when our military is the only customer as is the case with many weapons the risk is in leaving us out of the development process The challenge is to add our contribution at the right time Making time for our input would seem to slow down the delivery of systems but in reality it increases the likelihood of preventing costly and time-consuming errors We will get better systems faster The logic of this thinking is akin to the way housing is developed in virtually every community in America The developer will assess the arket to determine how many people in an area might need what sort of house When a customer comes to look for a house the choices are not arrayed in the form of finished buildings Instead the options are laid out on paper Often one model home will be built It will show the basic layout Touring the model gives the buyer a sense of how well this design will serve the family's needs The model serves as the begbming of the decision-making process Many many choices are yet to be made from colors to finishes from the uses of certain spaces to the placement of shelving The buyer is a full-partner with the builder in making the right decisions for this particular family - Imagine if the process were different Imagine if every house in a new development was finished prior to the arrival of the first buyer The process might seem to be more efficient Everything could be done to the same specification Yet many of the specifications could turn out to be inappropriate The builder would be a candidate for bankruptcy 11-L-0559 OSD 305 •'' · _ This sort of evolutionary system of development will now be utilized in the process of bringing new weapons on line Our planners call the process spiral development Of course guns are not homes and the Defense Department is not exactly like a family looking for a place to live But the truth remains that just as buying a new house without contributing to the way it is finished seems silly so it is a bad idea to complete a new weapons system without the maximum possible contribution in thinking designing and testing by those who will use it With spiral development the delivery of a bare bones initial core capability will come first without all of the bells or whistles This will be followed by a sequence of improvements and add-ons based on feedback from the users - our warfighters in the field So rather than going for the fully developed but hard to change capability straight away spiral development will much more quickly deliver small numbers of basic capabilities to the field This is far more than a procedural improvement This way the people who will be testing the new weapon to determine what works and what doesn't will be the people who are going to be using that weapon This is an insurance policy that our experts with the weapon in question will be well positioned to make a difference Of course it also places responsibility for design with the right people at the right time Speed is as much a product of doing it right as doing it fast By opening up the process of development innovation will increase while mistakes will decrease One promising early candidate for spiral development is the unmanned aerial vehicle global hawk We can provide basic airframes today for service as surveillance platforms while simultaneously experimenting with their potential as future combat vehicles One important aspect of leadership is the ability to point in the right direction When it comes to the development of weapons systems there are no better leaders than the men and women in our ranks who will be using them Spiral development puts these leaders in the front-line of decision-making as weapons evolve so that we will have the best weapons possible when they are needed 11-L-0559 OSD 306 snowflake TO Dov Zakheim CC Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rum sfe ld DATE May 29 2001 Jh SUBJECT I think we need to have some policy soon where we reduce the size of the OSD staff by at least 15% DHR azn 052901 42 11-L-0559 OSD 307 snowflake - TO Steve Cambone cc David Chu Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld ' ' DATE May 29 2001 SUBJECT w C Attachment Attached are some ideas from Harlan Ullman that might be of interest Thanks DHR azn 052901 44 Attach 11-L-0559 OSD 308 MAR- 6-01 TUE l 20 PM - P 1 From The Deak Of Harlan Ullman 1246 2fl' Street ll1rtt West WaaM7gtan D C 20007 202-3334004 212-331-1331 fax 703-824-2194 CNA Please Pass to Cdr Johnson qulckly To Cdr Andy Johnson Re Big Ideas March fl' 200 1 Andy---attached are a two page memo and various slides and bits If you could let me know that they were received and passed on I would be grateful Thanks di· - 1 11-L-0559 OSD 309 MAR- 6-01 TUE l 20 PM P 2 From The Desk Of Harlan Ullman 1245 2fl' Street North West Washington D C 20007 202-333-3004 202-331·7337 fax 703-824-2194 CNA March 6 11 2001 To Don Rumsfald Re Big Ideas Don--- Your office called inquiring about a few big ideas that may not have reached you Hence this correspondence As an interested but not necessarily well-connected observer of defense the three key items that were passed on to you earlier this year do not seem to have been addressed yet at least in 'what is leaking out of the building That of course could be because these views are not shared or considered to be significant or that solutions are already being addressed The crucial items are •people• and the crisis in leadership and service the need for genuine reform in how the department conducts its business and answers to the question transform to what -- First in my view the biggest problem the Department and the nation face re defense is about people---attracting recruiting and retaining both uniforms and civilians who are if not the tst est and the brightest pretty close The iesue here is leadership and seNice rather than simply improving the quality of life Juniors i e • 0-6 or 0-7 and below are increasingly disenchanted with their seniors In part this Is due to the diminution in the understanding of service and in convincing people why service is important and fulfilling And in part it is failing confidence of juniors in the ability of seniors to lead As noted in earlier correspondence in the Navy to pick only one case two years ago a survey of junior officers conducted by reserve admiral Jack Natter revealed that fewer than 10% aspired to command This is a crisis that no one seems to worry about enough to address it and that each of the services faces Second a super-BRAC is not the complete answer Genuine reform is And reform must be of the how the department conducts its entire business starting with the Title X responsibilities to recruit train equip and organize For example when you were first secretary the tooth to tail ratio was about 40-60 Today it is 25·75 and possibly 20-80 To that end attached is a briefing prepared for the Navy and its so-called Revolution in Business Affairs that suggests how Such an undertaking might proceed It was olearty too rich for the Navy's blood Michael Bayer will vouch for the process since he was part of it Finally in the search for the holy grail of transformation the question is 'transform to what In the briefing that CinCJFC gave to the president in Norfolk he said that the military was transforming to become more 'agile and lethal But more agile and lethai to 2 11-L-0559 OSD 310 ' MAR- 6-01 TUE P 3 1 21PM - do what How for example would greater agility and lethality have made a difference in Desert Storm or the 78-day war over Serbia Freddie Franks VII Corps Commander in' Desert Storm proudly noted t t his tanks had a 90% klll i e not hit rate It would be hard to be more lethal and agile than his corps was As you recall from the work on •shock and Awe it has long been my view that in a world that is as uncertain and hectic as the one we face the aim of policy and of military force must be to focus on how to affect influence and indeed to control will perception and attitudes The mechanism offered to affect influence and control was a regime of shock and awe ranging from the sublime and therefore highly positive to complete and entire devastation and destruction However the point is to identify what Is to be achieved through transformation and then putting those ideas and intentions into plain English that is understandable to the private general member _of Congress and informed citizen I am happy to discuss some or all of the above or simply to turn my transmitter off In the meantime the very best wishes and best of luc Attach 3 11-L-0559 OSD 311 MAR- 6-01 TUE l 22 PM P 4 -' - 1158 flgUN 11 lnfraatructure drain 1912·1980 70 J 30 12 a ' es 11 67 18 ff 10 11 2 n Fl9cal year 4 11-L-0559 OSD 312 MAR- 6-01 TUE 1 22 PM P 5 -·· 161 70 eo J ___ IO 40 3 'o 11a83141111 n • • • • • Alolllyeer Nola Alljr IMl _ flom09a9dMCaiupt11- DOD U 1- pp - - -_ IWftc lldldlw - - - • eth measured by strateaie and general-purpaee fbree8 have shrunk from about Ulrof the budpt to lea than twoftftb The trends betwem -ieei h• and tail• are dfvergiq' rapidly in favor or ln utn lcture • Intellirence and commwdcaUcma ftmdin1 baa inCl'8ued in real tennt by more than double • Air and aeallt funding has increased by nearly baltll • Guard and reserve tundlnr has incnNllled by nearly two-thirda · • Resean hand development fundin1 hu increaaed by almost hal£ • Training medical and administration have increa1ed JNU ' ticularly in relation to the reduction of one million acti duty service members siac e 1962 H Lift dearly Colltribut aa to fiehtin power U well 81 parts of other bsdpt 8CCOUJltl but it ii he aiu ot the differential that is sugestiq of the trend 5 11-L-0559 OSD 313 c 1m ca oI a a as a en e £Cc ''C I f CD ca2 a - E Wd 9 d 11-L-0559 OSD 314 ZZ an r to- - i •• t • • · t-· ·· - 'C ' SUMC'78ry · - • In order to Implement a ful and complete RBA four basic and overrl Jng tasks were ldentlfted · __ First a process for integrating assessing and validating all operational i'eadiness training and maintenance requirements must be put in place · - SecOnd the core functions that RID only be perfonned by Sailors and Marines such as pulllng triggers dropping bombs and capturing territory must be defined and less essential tasks assigned to appropriate governme agencies or other services contracted out _ or eliminated - Third the eeth to Tail ratio appropriately defined must be shifted perhaps by as much as $8 billion per year towards· 8eth CT _ µ i __ Finally Quality of life initiatives must address the issue of sustaining the morale and general welfare o our most important resource - our military and civilian people - E--t C I D Pua SBGNltvaa Eyes 9Bly I 2 11-L-0559 OSD 315 r- - 00 ·A Real RBA 0 j f CJ • We start with the law Title 10 and the reaponslbllltles for CT' c- a organizing training and equipping• naval forces for prompt sustained operations Incident to combat •• E-t - 0 I c o I • The first key question Is knowing for what we are organizing training and equipping l 11-L-0559 OSD 316 • · ' · · 1 I • ·' · ' _· 1 en'· · P · • · • •• ARealRBA • ·Currently requirements for organizing training equipping · and operating are rarely assessed and validated In a compreherislve way And Title 10 now directs CJCS to ' develop doctrine for Joint employment and formulate policy for· •joint training adding another Input - For example In tt Je Atlantic Fleet every 18 months a ship undergo ·314 Inspections which seems excessive - And CNO has signed out a memo to LANTFLT and PACFLT to reduce some of those requirements by 25o o • Hence step one must be to collate and validate all of the - II Q C 'J c I co I i • operatlonal training readiness and maintenance · requirements Including all exercises services and special port calls to determine what we are organizing training· and equipping for S ·iKQiAV'1 IJPf Olllt 4 11-L-0559 OSD 317 M - c What Comes Next p • Second and a subset of the tlrst we must -· Identify those tasks and assignments that can gnly be pei'formed by · Sailors and Marines such as pulling triggers dropping bombs and occupying enemy territory - Identify what tasks could be better performed by other services Other government agencies and offteeS - Identify what tasks cou be contracted out - Identify what tasks could ·be eliminated or reduced • For example there ts an inltlatlve under review to MSC-ize an FFG-7 sa i o Lt C'I - • manning it With about a quarter of the nominal crew by minimizing maintenance and watchstand1ng requirements and stiU conduct counter-drug and other non-warf1ghtlng missions i i E- - 8BGNAVZ1IJU6Db- Cl I cc I go l 11-L-0559 OSD 318 0 I • •• What Comes Next · • Third ·must be rane¥Md emphasis on shifting the Teeth to Tan• ration towards Teeth using an arbttrary · ·o1 ectlve of freeing up bout 100 a of the Navy's annual · udget ward that objective - - Senator Ted Stevens recently declared he would implement a nevr BRAC In response to a major DoD headquarters restructuring and downsizing -Why not take him up on It - liidustry through reorganizing and productivity increases is routin freeing up more than 10% of its operating income U 'I - c I • Flnal y our most Important resource - people - must be protected an morale and general weHare sustained through QOL l_nltlatlves - Retirement healthcare and other benefits afe being seriously erpded and retention is suffering 0 P• il' QJAY'1E1m·8111J I Ai t 11-L-0559 OSD 319 - · I O'J I C c tr I - ' en · Taking the Four Tasks I N - Validate operational training equipping maintenance and other ·· requirements including joint ones 11 Identify core I unique I essential tasks Ill Shift Teeth to Tan· ratio IV Enhance -Quality of Ufe · We superimpose - necessary additional sub-Stef S the ExCom Initiatives and a time horizon for completton I lmp entatlon using the near 1-3 months medlu ' 1-12 months and long-term beyond 1 year 7 11-L-0559 OSD 320 hr Bel1'¥ l1 Qmlf ' J 1 ·1· · ·· t ' ts ' • · ' · -·•· • ' · • ·•• • •A •• • r • ' • i 111 · · ·J t jj •· '1 • I • • J · • • I• • f• • • • • - h '·cture· · f · ftt 1· 21 • o r 1'l · · · • Ji 1• o o ' ' • · • • I • • I I r- l •·1 - i •• • • • • • •- - - - - - - - - - ' • • I · · 0 d P1an·a1·Aatlon · · · · i· i an· - ' · · · ii · 1- · ·-------------------------------------------- I --i l • 91 • w· ·· 1 - l f ' - t _ I 'g J A B r 1 fl' · ·-t U U ·er f I' l 7 • -1• ValicJate·operatlonal requirements for omanlzlng training S 'I O -I C c ts1 - r- 1 O IE · - · d eq- lpping ·· · · ·· · IA ' alidate new task · · IB · ··Application · system new · oftechnology ·· IC · · ish accurate comprehensive tr nt cost accounting r w 11 Defl ne core- unique functions · · I · De ne unique nctions new · ltB• Reengineer major staffl» • · · HC Exploit unused infrastnicture· • HD Recruiting 'b'aining assignments ·· · · · UE Altemativesto· ilitarymanning • • • • i llF• Re-focus R D neW task '• ' I • - l t · • SBeNAV'• _em • ExCom recommendation - d Ul i· 11-L-0559 OSD 321 · fX · - --1S _ t ' 1 · ·i vn - · I' ' · ··lliif •· • ·· · r•rflf lo -reeth· ···i· f · · _ ·- · •· ' ·1 ·i· · ' frt •-•f to 1· r ' _f l n H t l - of and definition of tasks I II - 'f· _ I • - ••• 4·· •' J • I • _ • ··- · - j · · · 1 1 - ·tt1e Application of technology I ' I • • I - ff • · · · i o · • Reenganeer stars ··· · ·· · · · n1c··· · ·· · ' · · i · -1 · - · · llto 1ricQrporate COmmerc181 financial practices t t· _ ·· - ·· ·· f · iu1e · · - in8er n 81 • · · • · · l' ' -r r _r· · · - i ·T i · · - It' lllF Incentives for bUsiness refomi 0 •· I • • · ·· avA ·Set OP1 EMPO ment 1ralning and work-up schedules _' new task IVS -Housing reform 1vc ·Appi or t o1 • 191ogy • · IVD Reengin r staffs I organizations IVE ftecruiting training etc · · • c- c i - c ExCom recommendation I co I f I • IV Enhance- Q'-allty e f Ufe · El p 0 0 • 3 11-L-0559 OSD 322 i'• · EJ8' OalJ ' t snowflake TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 IP SUBJECT Who' s'the asset manager for the DoD that manages inventories receivables payables 0 Thanks 0 vJ DHR am 052901 53 - 0 11-L-0559 OSD 323 snowflake TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 l SUBJECT Here is some material From Bill Owens' book Lifting the Fog of War on standing joint task forces which is most helpful How do we get these plowed in this week to the meetings Thanks DHR azn 052901 15 Attach 11-L-0559 OSD 324 --0 0 wwmmomww - 3 1 1mm PW 119mm mm an a was 1083 3111 913le 1 II 3390 30m 3 13 my 3an put 999 m'm We 9 an ill mun mm at m Mint regular of their 5min mpoaition or origin- ainglcen 'ly -purpoaciorougatedhiand a'n'Mndm Wmmn kqmn n e Hammon- th me working intoneofth regional int-mt PJodi - through twinning enabiing on ghting unit to imam and might any coun ional military mm - from gene-ail and admiral dorm to mime and mum man-nan r Wm r-o m uranium Mushmwould - stilhavegmninml mdah'formwi dlindividnalm A identities the nceawoddbe 5 separated and 7 acting arm 5 that day mud and critical hab cspace infomatinn from men-Wen -Lm and mu tomb mils Digitizing on advanced nom- puier Mm networked and bug-range predainn mm war-5m units woukl'b ma am mhm amtawnitd atu madam-ma ham Wanna munbdm mm indignant- lions the eyes and can would be snpmiaedby I ah- mppm uwodd ahipamdn hryaMHmenidmn nubhe Wm man at aitcund onhoud an enlarged and India in trouble span providing hadng xiargeiogiatica snowflake TO Jackie Arends FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 SUBJECT I am told that Cameron Bruemmer f k a Woods has a resume in to get a job I think in the Under Secretary for Policy and Readiness shop Can you dig that out for me Thanks DHR azn 052901 20 Ul0038 01 11-L-0559 OSD 327 TO Paul W olfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 SUBJECT Where in OSD do we have a policy planning staffl J 0 Thanks 0 V1 0 DHR azn 052901 43 U10152 01 11-L-0559 OSD 328 May 29 2001 5 00 PM snowflake TO Powell Moore FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Pat Roberts You might want to draft a letter for me to send to Pat Roberts on the Ellsworth paper he was involved in and worked on He has mentioned it to me twice It was a good piece of work Our people have read it we are certainly taking it into account and I think it would be nice to tell him that Thanks DHR dh 052901-56 11-L-0559 OSD 329 y THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON JUL 17 2001 The Honorable Pat Roberts United States Senate Washington DC 205 10- 1605 Dear Senator Roberts We have discussed the Ellsworth Study a number of times at DoD It is a very good piece of work I do thank you for bringing it to my attention We are certainly taking it into account I understand Secretary Roche had a good exchange with you at a recent hearing Sincerely --· Ul255i 01 11-L-0559 OSD 330 - snowflake May 30 2001 1 32 PM VIA FACSIMILE TO General Charles R Holland U S Air Force Commander-in-Chief U S Special Operations Command CC General Hugh Shelton FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Defense Strategy Review Jll Thanks for your April 25 memo on the defense strategy review paper It was helpful and constructive We are bringing the CINCs together on Saturday as you know I hope you and your associates will be prepared to present your thoughts Regards DHR dh 053001-8 11-L-0559 OSD 331 U10171 01 TO Paul Wolfowitz cc Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 31 2001 1 k SUBJECT We are going to have to get some savings Why don't we just do a cut at OSD of some percent say 10% or something and find out what the current level is and move it down somewhat See me Thanks DHR azn 053101 23 • U10309 01 11-L-0559 OSD 332 - TO Admiral Vernon Clark FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE June 1 2001 P SUBJECT Thanks so much for sending up the strategic surprise paper It certainly gets one's brain going I appreciate it J vJ V' Thank you 'J I ' r DHR azn 060101 02 u c a ·- u10 10 101 11-L-0559 OSD 333 snowflake - TO Gen Henry Shelton FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE June 9 2001 fl SUBJECT Thanks for your report on your visits to Jordan along to Colin and Condi anq Egypt It is helpful I have passed it Regards - DHR azn 060901 03 U10612 01 11-L-0559 OSD 334 snowflake - J T Steve Cambone Lisa Bronson Fl OM Donald Rumsfeld DATE June 9 2001 Y RE Find out what the meeting that Ivanov mentioned that he was invited to in Naples and said he would accept He said that during the Ministerial meeting in Brussels Thanks DHR am 060901 11 Ul0610 01 11-L-0559 OSD 335 snowflake TO Lisa Bronson FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE June 9 2001 9 Make sure you send Tom Miller anything I said about Bosnia in the various ministerials Thanks DHR azn 060901 16 - Ul0609 01 11-L-0559 OSD 336 TO Paul Wolfowitz cc Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE June9 2001 We want to make sure we have money in the '02 budget for military training w l l J DHR azn 060901 17 J Ul O8 27 I 01 11-L-0559 OSD 337 snowflake June 11 2001 12 10 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld I SUBJECT Testimony I think we ought to mention IMET in my testimony everywhere we go And when we talk to people we ought to keep that front and center I need the details We need to get enough money into it and we need to get permission to go into countries we are not currently able to go into -- - It is an important program and we need to push it Thanks 0 DHR dh 061101-15 11-L-0559 OSD 338 U18047 01 snowflake June 13 2001 9 46 AM TO Gordon England FROM Donald Rumsfeld J SUBJECT Tunisia I am told that the Air Force uses Tunisia for a target range Could we use that instead ofVieques DHR dh 061301-23 11-L-0559 OSD 339 June 13 2001 1 44 PM TO Paul Wolfowitz CC Honorable Colin Powell Honorable Condoleezza Rice FROM Donald Rumsfeld A -t-' C' l ll- ' rC SUBJECT Biological Sanctions I am worried about the biological sanctions regime Apparently is it still rattling around in our bureaucracies It is a bad idea We need to stop it once and for all Please let me know what the status is and what I can do to help Thanks DHR dh 061301-S U1087l 01 11-L-0559 OSD 340 - snowflake June 15 2001 10 12 AM TO Pete Aldridge FROM Donald Rumsfel SUBJECT Stealth Do you have anYthing on this article I have circled on stealth Attach 6115101 SIRO Press Review DHR dh 061501-2 11-L-0559 OSD 341 • SIRO PRESS REVIEW FRIDAY 15 JUNE 2001 UNCLASSIFIED HIGHLIGHTS 1 MIDDLE EAST A Palestinian fired from close range at an Israeli van in the West Bank on Thursday killing an Israeli army intelligence officer jeopardizing a new U S -mediated cease- fire agreement The shooting along a major thoroughfare took place during a schedule meeting between the Palestinian and the Israeli officer a Palestinian security official in the Gaza Strip said on condition of anonymity A soldier in the car then shot and killed the Palestinian the Israeli military said A soldier was wounded in the attack Later that day Palestinians fired several mortar shells at the Jewish settlement of Morag in the Gaza Strip the military said but no one was hurt Israel ordered its army to start easing restrictions on the Palestinians following a security meeting on 13 June in Tel Aviv At the Netzarim junction a major flash point in the Gaza Strip Israeli tanks pulled back about a 100 yards on Thursday then approached again part-way Stone-throwing Palestinian youths pelted Israeli military jeeps Soldiers responded with stun grenades and tear gas No injuries were reported Major General Giora Eiland Israeli Chief of Military Operations said soldiers would begin to lift restrictions by mid-afternoon Friday and Israeli forces would redeploy The plan calls for Israel to pull it forces and heavy weapons back to points they held before the hostilities erupted Eiland said the timetable could be accelerated if the Palestinians work to prevent attacks -AP 14 JUN 01- 2 BALKANS Macedonia asked NATO on Thursday to be ready to help it disarm ethnic Albanian rebels if the guerrillas eventually agree to peace terms now on offer Macedonian authorities have also extended a four-day cease-fire Although ruling out Western intervention NATO Chief George Robertson told a news conference that he will·be taking the request back to NATO headquarters •to see what we can do Robertson supports Macedonian President Trajkovski's peace plan that provides for a system of disarmament and decommissioning The guerrillas meanwhile outlined for the first time their demands for ending the insurgency Wary of the Macedonian government the guerrillas also want the western alliance to get involved asking that NATO troops be deployed throughout the country and demanding an amnesty for their fighters and wide-ranging reforms to improve the status of Albanians Meanwhile Britain said on Thursday it had offered to send training teams to help the Macedonian army but according to the Ministry of Defense the Macedonians had yet to make a direct request for help -REUTERS 14 JUN 01C A p s_ u L E§ JL----------------- A six-person rtin is en route to Hainan Island to begin dismantling and shipping h t damaged EP- 3 Navy spy plane U S and Chinese officials said Thursda -AP I 14 JUN 01- 2 U s STEALTH China Russia and several European and u s coq anies are working on a new radar system that threatens to render the stealth B-2 bomber fleet obsolete by making the radar- evading planes more detectable ABC's World News Tonight reported on Thursday -REUTERS 14 JUN 01- ·- RUSSIA OSCE According to Reuters the SS-nation Organization for Se and Cooperation in Europe has agreed to pay the Russian Mini of Justice or rotection squad for its two-or-threemonitoring team that is ret bn after ng in December 1998 -REUTERS 14 JUN 01- 11-L-0559 OSD 342 - STATEMENT United States Air Force SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE PUBLIC AFFAIRS 1690 Air Force Pentagon Washington DC 20330-1690 703 695-0640 June 14 2001 USAF ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE COHERENT LOCATION SYSTEMS The Department of Defense remains interested in any and all advanced detection techniques to support US military operations around the world The US Air Force has analyzed the capabilities of much talked about passive coherent location systems PCLS to evaluate the practical limitations as well as advantages of passive systems These air defense 'radars' use TV radio or cell phone transmitters combined with sensitive receivers to track aircraft Some have characterized them as counter-stealth systems A recently published article in the London Daily Times as well as interviews with Lockheed Martin the designer of the Silent Sentry passive tracking system suggest a continuing misunderstanding of the practical applications of such an air defense asset - The Air Force participated in testing of Lockheed Martin's Silent Sentry system at various locations on the east coast using commercial broadcast TV and radio transmitters to assess its ability to develop tracks on military and commercial aircraft As part of these tests an instrumented aircraft with highly precise differential GPS onboard was flown against the PCLS system This aircraft position data was then compared to Silent Sentry tracks The Air Force used this data to validate a model of the PCLS system which accurately matched its true performance This model was then used to compare PCLS in an air defense role to traditional long-range early warning radars The testing and models show the PCLS system has significantly less detection range and comparable tracking accuracy to commercially available and widely deployed early warning radars During testing Silent Sentry created more false tracks than other typical air defense radars The testing did not include jamming or other techniques that could potentially degrade detection performance during military engagements The US Air Force's early involvement and independent analysis of PCLS successfully demonstrated some limited performance against military and commercial air vehicles As a result of demonstrated performance the Air Force currently has no plans to pursue further development of the Silent Sentry system and does not consider PCLS technology counter stealth -30- 11-L-0559 OSD 343 snowflake June 18 2001 9 13 AM TO Under Secretaries Service Secretaries FROM Donald Rumsfeld l' SUBJECT Gordon Moore Attached is an article on Gordon Moore Gordon was a member of the Gilead board which I chaired and is a good friend It is worth considering the implications of this for our business Attach Newspaper article Moore's Law Sets the Pace of Progress DHR dh 061801-3 - U11083 01 11-L-0559 OSD 344 31 3 7 yaw A n rise in 1nformatlon technology- minus missed the related productivity and 3 eco- PC In 1990 11915116 not foresee the manic growth 1n the 19305 to the internet 1 validity of Wilt law rst 1L 1 2- 1 5411 11 41 11 511 int-131W was 1 • ' snowflake ' JU -02-2001 14 40 P J•ne 22 2001 6 27 PM TO Dov Zalchcim cc P a u 1 Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfcld » SUBJECT Empty Bases One of the thing$ that came up today in the lludgd was the fact daat M have these empty bases and yet we are renting a lot of space downtown for hcadquartQS Why don't we move some of 1blese Kt Yitiea out of the expensive leases and put them into the bases tbafare 1111dautilized Thanks DHR db 062201-3 11-L-0559 OSD 347 June 22 2001 6 00 PM Via Cables TO Admiral Dennis Blair FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Cable on Japan 49 The cable you sent on Japan was most helpful I used it extensively and appreciate your thoughtfulness DHR dh 062201-25 Ul 1357 101 11-L-0559 OSD 348 TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE June 23 2001 SUBJECT Let me know what happened in your conversation with Senator Collins 0 w Thanks DHR azn 062301 07 Ul1343 01 11-L-0559 OSD 349 snowflake June 25 2001 2 30 PM TO Larry Di Rita Steve Cambone VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfel SUBJECT Events I would like to keep a list of the events since I came in-just with a reference and a date so I can remember them It would be events like the EP-3 the submarine surfacing under the Japanese fishing boat Macedonia a Kosovo landmine blowing off a soldier's foot today the bombing of Iraq and the like Please do a draft of it and let me take a look at it Thanks DHR dh 062501-27 11-L-0559 OSD 350 U11 72i I 01 snowflake June 25 2002 7 31 AM TO Bill Winkenwerder FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Modernization I just took a look at the memo Newt Gingrich sent you on March 27 It sounds to me like he is on the mark - Please know that I am anxious to have you make progress on modernization Newt thinks you are going to have to insist on a modern contract proposal if we are going to make any real headway Do let Paul or me know what we can do to help and please keep us posted Thanks Attach 03 27 02 Gingrich e-mail to SccDef DHR dh 062 SOl-5 Please respond by __O_Y_ _1 J_ __ J_· i T2 _ - _ · __ - -- 11-L-0559 OSD 351 Page 1 of 2 CL a tuft 4'0 a my ass I FrolTI Thirdme aolccm Niles-0 mm Sent Wednesda March 2002 4 38 PM I To penmgonmil JUN a 4 2003 CC Herbitstaaotmm JamesPJhomWosdpentagnm-nll Subject for socdef depsecdef to secdef depsecdef from Newt 3f26f2002 attached is a memo I just sent nkenwerdar and Guam on the work they are doing to modernize healthcare for DOD They are making real progress but the next phase of getting the bureaucracy to write the contract proposals is realty dif cult and encouraging winkenwerder to really insist on a modern contract proposal couldbe abig step toward having better healthcare whie saving up to $22 billion over the ext ve years Winkenwerder is doing really well but i think it would help if he knew he had support from secdef and depsecdef to continue moving to modernization newt to Bill Winkenwerder and Lois Guam It sounds like you are making real progress on thinking through a 21 st century system of healthcare for DOD I am a little concerned about several steps that could make it more dif cult to achieve the increase in quality and savings in money 1 the bureaucracy historically developed a very different type of contracting than the model required for high quality advanced technology healthcare It is really important to ensure that the actual proposal writers spend time teaming the principles and themetrics of this more modem system They should not be trying to marginally improve the traditional system which is what they are familiar with but rather should start from the requirements of the new more modern contracting system and then design it anew That may require seem training or some oversight In its absence I will be very surprised if they do not gradually and despite themselves revert to writing large sections in the old pattern 2 it would probably help to hire an outside consultant who is an expert in how modern health contracts are written to help the senior civil service learn the new model to be available to brief the news media from an objective standpoint on why the new model will deliver better quality care than the old model and to be able to meet with congressional staff and members of congress to explain the new system and the fact that it is based on the developments in the priavte sectopr which provide better services at lower cost Finally Ithink Torte Clarke and Powell Moore need to be apprised at some point of these exciting new developments because some of the current contract holders are almost certainly going to try to ght any signi cant modernization which would expose them to new competitors and new requirements It is important to design the entire process and the way it will be explained to the news media and the legislative 30312002 Page 2 of2 branch to ensure that the focus is always on better quality care and mroe modern systems for the military families and retirees Newt 3 2812002 11-L-0559 OSD 353 I· snowflake ·e ll7 ' TO FROM Donald Rumsfeld 7 20AM j 1 -'1 11 SUBJECT Space Here is an article from January 19 1977 Take a look at the xt to the last paragraph which is on space Attach 1 19177 Washington Post article Rumsfeld Urges Steady Rises in Arms Spending - - S DHR dh 062601-3 Ul2617 02 11-L-0559 OSD 354 s ClUUVI ' a grees above zero recorded M morning at National Airport The freezing temperatures af rich and poor suburban and city dwellers with chi Jing imp ity In Bethesda workmen yest See COLD Al4 Col 2 1 t 1 BJ Larn Morris-The Waahtnnon Post Coast Guard vessel leads ships freed from ice 'esterday into Baltimore Harbor nsJ ovially £1 '1U 1 u111pru1 u LV llll ' February' Visit Eyed Rumsfel d Urges Steady Rises in Vance Plar I've never been to anything like this before he said I expect it'll really be something to talk about for a By Don Oberdorfer while Wuhl J tcton Poa Staff Writer c By George C Wils on Hundreds milled around the Great Incoming Secretary of State Washington Post Staff Writ er Hall of the Commerce Department R Vance plans a trip· to the l i seeking to pick up their inaugural Defense Secretary Donald H RumsEast next month as the first st party and parade tickets The phone f eld delivering the Pentagon's annual Carter administration efforts to rang there mcessantly One man from posture statement made the outgoing Georgia said loudl that Chip Carter about new Arab-Israeli peace ne administration's case yesterday for • tions informed sources said y the President-elect s son had person ally assured him there would be a keeping military spending high for' day third party ticket waiting for him least the next five years _ The ance trip Egypt Syri there He'd been' there for two hours He warned that unless a new block- udi Arabia Jordan and Israel is and no one could find it ICBM strategic bombers and a buster to•lead to invitations for the le If Georgians were running this opfleet of warships were built the Soof those countries to visit Washii eration this wouldn't be such a mess 1 viet Union would get so far ahead mil· this spring the sources said Tht he sniffed ' itarily that the United States would stage will be set fpr initiatives la Another roup from Rochester lose influence around the world toward major p negotiatiom N Y got their tickets in five minute summer · President-elect Jimmy Carter and ith no problems and e·preparing President-elect Jimmy' Carter his Defense Secretary Harold Brown or an active stay in Washington in an interview last month th thus will be up against a Pen$agQ See DAY Al2 Col 4 hoped to meet Israeli and Arab 'brief of353 pages if they try to down-' ers before deciding on U S effo1 play the Sovietrtbreat and make cu arrange Middle East pelce talks in he Pentago l bu get as promised fact that Vance expects to be I dunng the pres1dent1al campaign 'In contrast to the bu 'ing only what we need guidance laia town in l961 when Brown started his firJt tour at the Pentagon Rumsfeld argued I yesterday that the United States efDemonstrations and s c a t · fort must be as serious as steady and tered violence broke out in as sustained as that of tlie Soviet UnEgypt's two largest cities yesion terday as thousands of workers He projected Pentagon budgets goand students protested governing from $123 1 billion in the next By Marjorie Hyer ment-ordered price increases 1978 to $166 8 billion in Wa1111nsto1 1 Post siatt Writer fiscal year for food and other staples 1882 Although the Uni ed States nd -- A prestig ious joint commissio Price increases were ordered the Soviet Union have roagli equlva· Roman Catholibs and Anglicans Monday as '· Ae debt-ridden le_ncy oday in strategi J ' ums· f8 CQ end• tqat the two chur Egyptian RP ve nt ·reguced feld al that mu$ Ol r- 1 'be rebe ·Ul11 '1 'the supreme au· a 24 year-elti · s•dy pNgi fm quire 1n the future to · t i the · itl o f t h_e · Pope · The moves made at e balance ·· · J e i · pjl'Qposal to end urgmg of inter iiational finan·The departing Defense $e elary · 1 'd ti Jllt ii the cial supporters '9t-Egypt also firmly embraced tJie - at of dw eq at is certain to i or J on cige AlB his impiediate predecessor janies R ·voke er among Anglica Schlesmger ·by arguing in th posture was de 'by he Anglican· Re ri-0 statement that the United States must Catholic International Commissio Indian Prime Minister Indira · prepare to fight a l'J mited nuclear war a document released yesterda Gandhi announced that parlias well as deter an all-out one London 1 he 21 scholars compri amentary elections twice deRumsfeld said Soviet leaders do not t e commiss10n h v een stud layed will be held in March share the American view 'that nuclear smce 1968 the poss1b1ht1e o hea Story on Page A20 war would be so mutually destructive the four-century-old eccles1a tl al The report of tim comm1ss1on ' r SPP nF FENSE Af Col I chaired by archte· hoos from • l Arms Spending at r Egyptians Rebel At Higher Prices Unitv Unde For Catholic 11-L-0559 OSD 355 • A Arms Spending Rises Urged that the President would have at least the option· 1ct respond in a deliberate and contrQJlt ci fashion Critics have long argued that limited nuclear war fs illusory because neither side woµld restrain itself once the first nuqleat weapon was fired At the other end of the nuclear war spectrum umsfeld said that destroying Soviet 'cities in retaltaUon for an attack on the Vnited States might not be enough An impartant 'objective of the assured retaliation mission he said abould be to retard BtlDUlcantly U S •• SOVIET MILITARY J'OBCES the ability of the U S S R to recover from nucle crn e and regain ICBMs the· status of 20th· century military and industrial power more rapidly · tlian 'the United States 1bll is a 'new goal for retaliation that should ot have been set Herbert Jr fOrllJfr CIA deputy clirec 1 or raid at Amii Contzol AllOcla· Uon lu eon meetlul called yesterday to ille11 the posture statement · Be saio tl e •Ford administration 11 overreactU S v s s R ing to the Soviet military buildup and 1 054 1 450 · p0or-mouthing U S strength WARHEADS Id making the case for building a new family of and maintaining armed forces numbering 2 1 million people in eeacetime weapons Rumafeld said 'Our nation simply cannot llllow Soviet capabilities to continue expanding and U S capabilities to retrench-as dley have over t11ce past decade-without inviting an imt 41ance and ultimately a major crisis v s Not only must the United States ad8 500 vance into a pew generation of super weapons for nuclear war the secretary SUBMARINE Missiles said but must continue to improve the c Onve tlonal forces that are the best Insurance qi1tllt the nee to use nuclear Weapons ' Because Soviet ocean-spanning · m11a11es re getting ipore •C8Uf te aJl tbe time Rwmteld said U S la¥14·bued Minuteman ICBM a are beQ91nin increuinaly vulnerable to a surprise' ·attack Therefore lie argued it is time to qeed up tlle develogment of the U 'blockbuster ICBM which c0uld be moved from DEFENSE Fro Al that actually waging one would be un· tllinkable e passage illustrative of the tough rhetoric he chose for his fare well statement on national defense Rumsfeld said the Buulana must be accepted for what they are not fer what we want them to be Their ac' tions indicate that they take nuclear war seriously The Umted States must do no less In that context Rumafeld 181d the United States must deploy nuclear weapons so controlled and tarlt ted a n 'aM· place ta place around a missile field making it harder to target and hit Deploying the MX Rumsfeld said might serve as an incentive to the Soviets to slow their momentum in deploying new lCBM a and seek mutual reductions in strategic offensive force levels RuJDlfeld ii recommending to Carter that $2 million be spent on the MX in the' next fiscal year so Jt could be deployed in the mid· 19808 The B-1 bomber is also needed to maintain strategic equlvala nce · Rumafeld said and is the most cost · effective alternative for carrying out the bomber force mission Carter said during the political camI aign that putting the B-1 into proauction would be wasteful Brown 'when he was director of Pentagon re•earch started tbe studies that led to the B-1 after the B-70 bomber pro gram was canceled In a decision that will be hotly contested in Congi ess Rumafeld saia he had scrapped the plan to build a fourth Nimitz class aircraft carrier costinl about fa billion because a new National Security Council study had concluded that the better course was building more but cheaper carriers Instead the plan Carter will inherit calls for starting a new class of smaller carriers that would be used by aircraft that could take off and land on a short stretch of deck Rumsleld also said outer space could become a new l attleiround and recommended a number of programs to pro tec t American communications and reconnaissance satellites Stating ''llo evidence is available that the Soviet leadership intend to launch a direct military attack on the West in the immediate future RUJlllfeld wd the darker face presented by the Soviet Union requires U S defense budgets of these amounts in tlie future Fiscal 19'78 $123 1 billion - Fiscal 11179 $135 4 billion Fiscal 1980 $1415 8 billion Fllcal 1981 $1158 7 billion FilCll 1982 $168 8 billion' CIA Direc Of the Se 'JJ By· Yul Official l reject the about Sovie ton said ye mony fron Agency Dire However mate bases area said f Ill ' who st the current i Claims ti Uona altere viet strate gi ranted Sen said followi ·Senators Nearer Et cs Code-and Pay would then be subject to change by the full Senate Thf need for a c Ode of ethics was cited ·b y a 'J ntsidentlal commlision that rec epUy recommended substan· tial paireue1 for top-level overn· ment off iall including a raise for Con1re1a to $Nl om memb N M sai4 ihE recomm d icht an would pass it on to Congress Jt would become effec· -d a iIJ r if opposing _the Domenic1 code of etl11o are being str '4' 800 Pres t Ford ' aid he su ' the U S 2 1 MILLION ATO 11-L-0559 OSD 356 adoption of wouldsuppo the first Um Congress th1 boost As soon as adopted Se1 D-Afa Wel'E nowflake June28 2001 ll S AM 7 TO FROM - - Gordon England c Donald Rums1e Id • • A ' SUBJECT Alternative to Vieques Is that South Texas site going to be appropriate for replacing Vieq DHR dh 062801-4 11-L-0559 OSD 357 l snow ake TO Dr Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld 3 Newt Gingrich QDR Thoughts You have read Newt Gingrich s e-mail to We uly 5 2001 10 26 AM on QDR I think he has some spectacular thoughts in there How do we get it done 070501-6 Ulzioz 01 10 7 rang ray 1 01 4 We cw osc From Thirdwavezmotcom Sent Thursda Jme28 2001 1 15 To oed wrrtagon rnil Subject Notes on QDR thinking Arlene would you share this with the secretary and Paul Ed Lany and Steve thank you newt Thank you for letting me read the QDR guidance As I reviewed it the following observations seemed appropriate 1 the should be expanded to include all ca abilities ha 1 micture of weapons of mass date an terronst organize ions is going to make it increasingly dif cult to distinguish the military s intelligence needs and the other requirements for human intelligence This may require a law change and sme coordination between SecDef and DCI but in the long run we need a single overview of intelligence as part of the QDR 2 we need a brie ng which could introduce a citizen business leader reporter or member of congress to the assumptions which led to the guidance The guidance has a lot of assumptions behind it You are assuming changes in reality technology nature of threat patterns of con ict which i agree with but an introduction to the 21st century world which creates the need for a 21 st century is necessary Most people do not spend time thinking about V these things and if you jump into change without context it is much harder for them to understand what is driving you This is the brie ng I would consider to be the equivelant of the Huges brie ng and it is precedent to Vl the details of the planning guidance 3 The guidance understates the centrality of the most dangerous asymelric w threat terrorists with using container devices or other unconventional delivery systems This is what drives both the need for much greater humint and the need for 3 Homeland Security Agency to minimize the damage if such an attack oours which I believe mathematically it almost certainly will eventually 4 Basic science should be listed as a separate component of national 1 security We are entering a period of enormous change in fundamental science ang we riseFed to re-emphasize its role and reinforce our investment both at DOD an at 5 Use WASTE instead of ef ciency when describing certain changes y Ef ciency is a positive but often undervalued achievement Waste is an indefensible negative You want your opponents defending waste in the Pentagon more than you want to be the advocate of ef ciency This is an important language difference 6 Page 14 you should make the importance of helping Colombia and drug-endangered democracies explicit as a goal we should plan for We continue to under invest both manpower and technology in helping third world countries with low grade but potentially devastating insurgencies With all our technology we should be more hel to Colombia as well as the Philipplnes etc 7 It may not be our current national strategy but I think you should mention the need to develop some capability to help Africa Aids will turn out to have a huge security component Places where people get chopped to death are bad for public heatth services The Sudan is gradually crowding its way on to 6128 2001 rage ' the agenda We need some recognition that we need a systematiccapabiltily to help sub-Saharan Africa I personally favor a CINC for the region it is absurd to deal with it indirectly from Europe and the Central Command 8 page 9 one of our national goals should be to avoid a weapon of mass destruction event or at worst to respond effectively anfd minimize loss of life and collateral damage t 9 one of our goals should be nonviolent suppressve tools for crowd control if the Israelis could technologically defeat stone throwing with foam or plastic or some other device they would be in much better shape The rising violence of the demonstrations at international meetings also calls for some kind of technological response The goal should be to make the demonstraters helpless and ideally also make them look sily and ineffective Since we are entering a world of very high standards for using violence we need new non violent systems of suppression and coercion I know these have been talked about for years but they seem to avoid being developed 10 On page 19 you mention suborbital delivery systems Bill Brunner at 697-1802 has been developing a brief on some new approaches to US based suborbital delivery at low development cost that are worth your seeing He is a former intern in the Speaker's Office and a very bright Air Force off1Cer Thanks for letting me share these ideas Newt 6 28 2001 11-L-0559 OSD 360 V L or L July S 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Arms Control Process Procedure 10 30 AM 1 On the subject of the draft Arms Control Process procedure - I'm comfortable with all of that except that I want Paul or me to sign off on anyone who is going to represent the Department of Defense in any one of these activities Just being told about it is not enough Cc Dr Cambone DHR cd 070501-8 u1210J 101 11-L-0559 OSD 361 snowflake Zoo' • rnL - c irn 1' · · Vlj I I' I July 5 2001 2 05 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeldl SUBJECT Travel talks I ought to give some thought to doing some talks at military bases when I go I don't want to do it in a way that a lot of people have to stand around a long time to hear me But at the end of an event if people are gathered in a hall or someplace I could say a few words of thank you to them Let's talk about it each time before you set up anything DHR cd 070501-17 11-L-0559 OSD 362 U12044 ·101 snowflake July S 2001 2 33 PM TO - Dr Cambone Vf FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT List of Nuclear Needs O' - We probably ought to get a list of all the nuclear needs and weigh them against other things We've got to look at that modernization of the nuclear force DHR cd 070501-22 U12003 01 11-L-0559 OSD 363 snowflake July S 2001 2 45 PM TO Admiral Holcomb FROM Donald Rumsfeld O SUBJECT NRO Possibility Let's think about Tom Moorman for NRO DHR cd 070501-25 Ut1996 Ot 11-L-0559 OSD 364 snowflake July 5 2001 3 00 PM TO Admiral Holcomb FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT NIMA 0 You may want to talk to Eberhart about who he thinks would be good for NIMA DHR cd 070501-27 1c - Ull997 01 11-L-0559 OSD 365 snowflake July S 2001 3 26 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT List of Reports 3 l Let's get that list of all those reports up to this fellow Snyder fast DHR cd 070501-33 11-L-0559 OSD 366 U12030 101 ·-· i'IQ 62 '7- PP 1 - - • • j'u_ 2 2001 - - 2 46PM Unless you are plruming 1o start it it's difticult 1o fcx die DCXt war This 1a espeoially so at a t itJJe wtm geopo- liticll aJli•nces laid militaiy mcbno1o ii ingnip 'BY Sectet ry of l e Donald Rmri feld is teyixig to reassess U S militmy l6eda llOW that tho Cold War is over leave 1he South ltoreans tbt mtemaJJ tbe ra uJr the dumb Saudis 1b t 'raiwlncse and the bomb and the smart pilot Iaraelia WOJJderina 'Wi1o will But c haqe doet come get the lhort end ol the Stick attacks a wi ballistic Awl we'll Eive iM bad mi sail• a r e now a sr-U C gu ideas Saddant Hnasein to tbtei Udited States than and Khn Jong Il IUaY be m sty the kinds of forces we exevil mean 81ld rotten biit pcetod to meet on the centr l lhey're not stup i d If tto ible Gennau plain Rumsfeld 1s starllJ 110tt1 0place else on the right to reorient our military to planet they may tbi ok they defend against them $uck KtJlly is national ljf'air r have a free shot Consider tbe position of a wrr'rer or the POJt-Gazette anti preaident who baa at bis comJ_ · med only a one-war tOrce The B a_ o Tolt QU Oni o Kagan said War is threatened and bi mio roohip is here He took a lot of flak for it ftom both ' Oe moc rats and lleoubll cans in hellrfn8' in · Some of the tlak is deserved Althoush it fs vital tJat anTT11 1Whote Dot IQ he depluy senior 'u l I ulB Wa petjodi- bis force Ifhe doe 1 he leaves cally and carefully rethiak every other iqion oi'lhe worlcl wlult it is the U S mili1aty can open to qgr essioD I be does and C8llnOt do md ahould ot not he cmmot deter the a ehould not do it isn't such a greasar good idea to couduet too nmOh While I 1hiDk kumsfeld of this discnssioo in public would be mddng a serious _1'Mr11 been many mistab if ho publicly abatt· stones mmcatmi Rmmfeld dolls die - two Wll atratcgy plall$ to recollJmlud that the wbAt be 11 dom 11 mostly UDitcd Sta1es tbmlally aban- right Ile sbou1d be COJll dOh itll stated cOSDWiblownt to n nded for his bold thf olrinf 1D1libny fntr H br Jo aa4 iu Jciwrvcs m oc sup and 81roQ8 enough to pottod in tbs bard times that wage najot theater are sw c to come as those who simultane0118ly have YeATilld in old al· uialysts have lianccs old ideas old techdlou sht for years a CUnton-era nologfes llDd old patmilitaty crippled by budget terns hlmmer him iTom all dicuts and pC cekeeping mis- t sicms in thti BaJlama im't Mili services lll'e DI _ --•· f t -·tl _ 0 two Qllalm Y OQDS ••• nv '-' w r-size c · li mltane- alt and admitels evelop ously Kagan a pro- strong aU acbmmm to the co1 11 m501' at tJ ie U S bat orpnizationa RlU1 weapon ConPs - Okma wa where they m a constmr hritant to U S Japuo se relations There arc and air foroe commands flllcJ 36 000 1 rQoi a in Smr 11 Korea The best realistic contrib 1- don to aood U S relations __ Japmimd Soutb K orca as n u with Chma would be neaotiatiOJll tQ rediwe and l Ve trt0-ally withdraw thQSe troop dep loymenm - the oxact opjoaU of carreqt Bush admiDi5tration policy If the Uuited Sta1o6 doDR not m ove in tb4t o u its own initiative it could e'Yetl tUally ftnd itself otdered l' ntemational Herald Tnbu oe July 2 2001 19 What's atioule For Seeing C1dnl Al Enemy1 By William J o t AngelM Times S 'Ddicate The 6dmi uiltratioD seexns oonv mecd 1hat tb«e ill no political solution to 'lhe l orc or Taiwan problems Yet 100Der -1 or solution ne out pARIS-Why is the qow or later thme ha to be pgliti· cal 1oluti0l'IS Neither North Bush ·admfni tration · to go to 'Wlf With Ch IC area QO China bu the mill on may seem a proVOClt mea ns for any other kind o1 • _ 1 _ ti t 1 1at 141 w1111t _ we ad• - ll u to be aomg Ind it iJ unp t it exP1 '1n ttself Smee Jammy the tazy estimation$ and for 811 policy speculations of the vtci1 president awl the se ry of e and their prui C ui'r ila 4l111 t0 mvade Taiwan are bluft' the attempt would fail even it the United States did not imerveJ1e and 1he c omequences would devastate China economically The American and South Korean coufron 1atiou with ilq ovcr- c advisers ha 9 been con- isbcd North a is m mtently frmlle d m temJs of momalou lepcy of the Koevent l 111 OOJlfliet if not war with Chim Tho 8Upp0Sed COU rean War Norfh Korea hu clusioue of the Pentagon's 8tft clevetly and extopc review as leaked to die ploited the mtc of press eJcmaiut u ot tension witti South Korea but it bas abso notbiDg to t the main effort from pin from a wv as a witHiold-oopa strategy tlllld to be slow to recogoiu Europe to A la Forces end China's foreigri policy tor tbiDk win-hold-oops is obsolescence The history of weapons are to be ed or day is cnrtirely pmtictable It I about rlaht md dial' the warfare ba$ too often been a tee to pro1ect power It rP11iOmbl1 pOliey lmJ Ua uf Amcrir an pe lo awfll- 11ittrxy of coldlan AoW t 11dy anros elf- nmnhrnr7 ·s n ing m peacetimo to soend the killed bcCIUlt tar ttr1 1tli1n't iJ ''m llteo as 111 enmn11•• •• 11 • ' 1• _ t - - -VII _yzwc' 1 'llfmaiti0wgy All emy it will one A uevc r been a global power or fotccs req to keep the tbisl which led to se comequence is to 'un· thought of itself as one like two-war promise But l'm not sxve -oomtlm s1auahter m demdn the eXi u s 081· the _Buropeau p-ea t powers or sure it does micll aaod for the World Wu l _ ablmdan1ly e s _ · · P • tbe UxdtCd Statl s It 1-s always ewperon sailor Jdcs formally evident iD the two yem of tion m the Far East as an ally ccmaickted itself the unique to acknowledge the CiDlllerot the Amert War but of Japan aod Soud i KoJ Ca Middle I ingdom c ulturally lsn'tweating much nobody -- incliutitg us paid Net want a - ext superior to ovcryonc else Ur· by bubatim If formally abandon attcnriuo _ h ach -'BdeiJmgk'b rounded the two-wv commitaimt Ca'IJQ On is tust1fied New wow rls 8lng netghbm s the latter expected we're t make friends technologies tuel ' have been drawn Nei1her liet'l5 any reason to defer to Cbi sc pnmacy erv - · nd tri· tential impl mnted in the way au don f'or such a war Yet the course pay 1n bute etc bnt never connd O'WI _ a idc o•ve po the timetable the visical Ri155 the adminis1ratt0Jl is following sidered equals or legitimate ria y asWlyam cbiDk fomaw ·Itrelation uld - th b vals thi i most likely fUture rcgjon l In the 19208 Guilio Dou c ie 5 • 00 m 8 1 i U' It has no military forca wars imn which we tnight be hot aJld Billy Mitche1l pre- sis m alliance mlaUo aud an capable of projection beyond drawn would bl a l o dieted fl1tme V8Q 'MJUlcf be entual c mcl to Amcr ican hue it11 ft'trntien It 1lao a llll' awy rean Wu a second war a tff lt'l'lnDinlc tRJ - L r tr it • nJ h IQ llOW a us th$ t one could call Jnesistt blc - i - __ z u hH - • - war W1U1 U1iDa over TatWllD or planes But it until the another Arab-Israeli war Kosovo WBl' tfuit this If ' tormally a'btmdon happened It would be unpxuthe two-w r straT CSY -we'll dent to DJOtbbaI1 too soon the in defense P ablc of ofAir Poree command au d two fewie and overall an expenlarge uaval bL Se$ in sive liiability Wllcas s Japau plus 20 000 Mann ea on is so UD wlie as to invade Army ooips commAJld stf i· page 20 of24 11-L-0559 OSD 367 - JUL 2 2681 2 02PM and effort the Pentagon 111'Cllds Qroviding Congress widi iJ1 fomia tioJi and analysis KuoWD as the Freedom to Manage Act the iuitiative would reduce tbe 11umbel of Corl£TC8aionally manda d reports iruoosed on the Pentagon each 'llU and reduce the 8IIIO lmt of time Rumsfeld and his ST aft spe4d Ol1 Capitol Hilt Other changes iii the relationship betwHD lawmakers and the Pmtason are expected to emtirge at the idea takes shape ll'eu ofticlals and eone ressiollal aidea say Rumsreld described the initiative during June 23 tmti· many before the House Anmd N0 626 prohibitions and l'epcW stuff aerces is out of date or JUSt crazy one congressional aide told Defense News June 27 While it might be feasible to cut down the amount ofpaperwork the Pentagon must produce c onpcumnal aides and even one Pentagon official bad little sympathy for the secretary's duties on ritol Hill The secretary·s primmy job is solliilg ' ht deputmem's initiatives and objectives to the Congresa where tlm clulckl are wJitteD a Pentagon official told Defense News That requires a good deal of personal involvement in the relationService1 Committee ship because there is a balaMe If we could fashion some that has to be struck way to came T O an ag reemem One aide with the Co osrc11 on a Free- bristled at the notion of lorn to Mrmagc Act an abil- chaqet ht the way the Pentaity to give us a crack at tryina gon P 1 1i£ipates in the hearings to nm t h e place Rumifefd and process 11 said This would involve Ttt many dim£miam the '' ft comb that are conpe111ioul procel S has imthat everybody J' l'liwil aU - uJ ulull pu -1 ai u1 ia un llPU I Di that need to be clolllld and not fense Department in terms of money and privatlzfDg how it g JC I about its business iiml'i 1hiues 1bnt Ollld be b6t- 11ml it's debatable as to I whether or not there is excess ter run in the private sector think we could save some real money This is a new concept it is not formalized to the point of organization said Lt Col Willette Carter a spokeswoman fut Rumsfeld The mitiative is 11 to addteM the ovetWbclming DUJDber of congressionally mandated reports the Pentagon must proauce 1 111 1 ually and examine how much time R mmfc1d and i tlw U - Jn M J l ' J with lawmaktts on Capitol ill she said l uriq the June 21 testi·m ony Roi Vic Snyder D Ait for a list of the 905 reports that the Defeme Department and the mill· tary have to make to tho OmgreH he said If you could ptovide that for us maybe we could help clean up scmm of that Carter said Rumsfeld will ovide the list as soon as pos- ama - there the aide said The idea of combimDJ hearings between authorittti IJJ and ai ProPriatiODS committees to rodUco -the amount of time Rumsfeld and his staff spend teatifYiDi on Capitol Bill is not pOpular with congressional staff I could see some cases in which it would make sense to hold a si agle beJXin or briefiJlg oo a eial topic the aide l u1J O f ao Haw• J _ 6 But until the C 0113tess in itsi almighty wisdom decides not to have separate aulhorlzing ud aprror riations committees we wtl hold hearings and contiDUe to do our job tht aide added If they provi some concrete sense of what the benefit would be for the coun- Uy they might at least _get a beariDg out of it said Jon EtbcrtoD vice ptesidmit of the Aerospace Industries Associable tion an aerospace defense For a minimal starter they trade group here uld assign a Congressional Research Service staff member1 and probably a Democrat U S News World Report ano Republican Staff member July SJ 2001 eaoh to go through all these 6 Washington Wbf n reponing requirements and By Paul Bedard P 5 a former executive at El MOD Energy es will step aside from decisions on an y spl Cjjic contrac1s t h at would cause a conflict of interest Capt Amy Hannah said However White fs oing to ex tt 1te the Army's pnvatization program vigorously We'Ie assured that their ab- Hannah said sence made llO difference White tent a letter 'MterGet the Ritalin day on the matter to Sc m John A tte o ti tlc it disorder MOCatn R-Ariz and Jean seems to be in the D-Mo in response Bush cabinet Aides to-at least to their rcqu est that he remove two-Attom ev General Jolm himlelf from any involvement Ashcroft and De imse Secre- with the base utility iMUe for at tary Donald Rumsfcld-W8 llt to least a ye11r get their bo• Ses o n Ritalin They said he should • Ashcroft first Associates say that step to avoid the appearhe' s aloof At one recent meet- ance of a ec Idlict of interest in he flipped open his nail even after selling his 8m'On chpper We also pP'feQ to dis stock cuss odly one topic at meetR o y T e m p I e Camah1111's ings R umafc d11 ftO ty Dw d a i o f uf 11u a 11 W the 11cmatm'11 a top- bmss meeting he wlda- office while pleased White pcrcd unrelated uoteei into a re- till remove himstilf from En-corder c decisions will Stus and Sttipea seek more information about Tup Bush · Offtcia s are lbe tnvolvemem be lllilJ have ques1iOIUug a plan by the Pen- in base utility issues We believe the queST ioit tagon's PR departmCnt to buy out the private Stars and that ill not m twn9d ill the 1 t Stripes so PeoPle will Sb p get- ter is how extensive a role he ting it confused wi1h the mili· be he can play in the pritaiy's Stars Stripes Insiders vatizati on e with regards tell us tbat the offer is Sl mil- to utilities wi1hout creating the lion That's a lot of tax dollars appcannce of a conflict we could 181 for something TelllQ e said else gripes a Bush aide Gamahan a n d McCain asked White to remove himself om the utility illhll m re San Diego Union-Tn1 wle sponse to a June 19 story by JUJle 30 2001 The Associated Press about • White's connections to Enron 7 Army Bon Not Entirely Until this year Wbiu Stepping Aside In Base Utu- served as vice cb Umm of EuOu tto u e CAM Jo lU U m7ray 1irviW11 'Whllc lit S•Cl'dtfl y '11 W worketl for Bmon he played m active role Bnro11 in pushing for base utility con -- ' - - A tracts B y 4AACll Wll 'l SSOCITh AD d t ated Press e tU reporte Wll U WASHINGTON _ _ Amly secr etary 'Yhite has • · h been preuoui to shift control new r · w 0 s e of more military base uti1i tiN former employer IS pu s u mg into private hands a business c ntracts to run base ut1ht1es Bmon canrinoet to pursue w 11l not complete Y remove To save money the Pmih1mself dec1s1ws that raaon in December 1998 orcould benefit the energy cmn- dered the A%D1Y and other pany lmmcbes of the armed forces t o Amy Secretary T omas lUre energy companies to run Whit will remove himself the electnc natural-gas and from 1 1volvement in contracts other utilities on military specific to Bmon but not the bases White said this month that broader pohc that all_ow comtpam s 1 1 i n the program should be moving wava -- o wm • faster He noted that the d J l r agreements to run base Army's Fort Hamilton in New ut1ht1es au Army spokes- York is the only A tmy baae to woman said yesterday Promises promises Last week's U S mission to chaotic Macedonia to evacuate Albinian rebels was supposed to be a team effort But Ftau ee didn't make Sood on its promise to tend help and Italian evacuation buses were sent but never arrived i E 11•1J1t 11-L-0559 OSD 368 Q of1t1 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE CORRESPONDENCE ACTION REPORT This form must be completed and forwarded to the Correspondence Control Action Agency Division CCD WH Room 3A948 Suspense Desk 703 697-9287 FAX Number Suspense Date 703 695-1219 Email suspense_deskOosctpentagon mll 07 16 2001 1 ACTION TAKEN Check one j a b c ACTION HAS BEEN COMPLETED REQUEST EXTENSION OF SUSPENSE DATE TO I u i- f IY 8 e 1 0 w d f dJ INTERIM REPLY HAS BEEN SENT EXTEND SUSPENSE TO 1 REQUEST CANCELATION Justify below · REQUEST TRANSFER TO p C Justify below include POC Name Phone# f REQUEST DOWNGRADED TO c-1 2 JUSTIFICATION Reviewed by-Frank Lane Dep Dir Analysis Investment and determined that General CounsettOold e appropriately handle Nicole Bayert GC's ofc accepted Please transfer accordingly _ t1 _ I 8 ' '·t·G r nrn r · 2 '-------·- -· Created By Linda K Campbell on 07 10 2001 for Control Number 4243-2001AT OSD Number U12043--01 3 REPORTING AGNECY a ACTION AGENCY e APPROVING AUTHORITY b NAME OF ACTION OFFICER Signature c TELEPHONE NO 5 ACTION TAKEN For EXSEC Correspondense Control Division Use Only Date Signed a EXT 0 I Id DATE b 0 Disapproved C Approved 0 Disapproved c DWNGRD App 'OVed 0 Disapproved proved 0 Disapproved 07 10 2001 4 CCD CONTROL # Approved d TRAr 15 S re I Transfer request Action Real Doc Type O DeleteMe FB1 BFAFD766BF71885256A85005EFA4D DoclD 11-L-0559 OSD 369 Date Signed sc c snowflake ' July 6 2001 10 30 AM TO Dr Cambone FROM Donald SUBJECT Dr Kissinger Article Rumsf d Here are some thoughts for the negotiations DHR cd 070601-7 U12008 01 11-L-0559 OSD 370 collect information that could tional allies and a definition of be useful to illegal_Iraqi_ weap-- the national interest that stops ons pro arns short of universal interventionKh1dhir Hamza a high- ism while utterly rejecting iso - ranking defector from Iraq's lationism This has been mter mclear Program described in preted by some as a move toa recent book Saddam's ward the center hence the in om er how Iraqis in ternal pressures from the the United States combed party's right insisting on through American research the verities oftne campaigning centers and libraries for tech- period nical information not available By contrast the majority of in Iraq European governments the presiaent encountered on his European trip are center-left As these European governWashington Post ments have also moved albeit July 5 2001 from the opposite pole toward Pg 13 the center and market-oriented 24 Giving Europe's Leaders policies in domestic affairs Something To Think About they are under pressure from BY Henry Kissinger their left wings to maintain I Cannot recall when a familiar leftist principles at president left on a foreign trip least in foreign policy These amid SU h a cacophony of low include opposition to any expectations as that which pre- modification in the established ceded President Bush's Euro- nuclear equations except to P ap tour Yet its result is reduce them suspicion of likely to tnadt a turning point American military expendiin the Allied debate on such tures and purposes the erosion key iss ues as missile defense of European security budgets thCeDVD'onmem and America's and emphasis on the so-called relations with Vladimir Putin's soft issues such as the enviRussia ronment The formative political The level of expectations for the riP was defined by a experience of the European White Hause briefer as an ef- leaders was in the antifort to diaabUsc Europe's lead- Vietnam protests of the 1970s ers of the image of the presi- and the anti-missile demonstradent a shallow urogant tions of the 1980s that of the gun-to Texan buffoon American administration in aradOXlCally these alleged the Reagan-era rejection of European perceptions enabled those attitudes Clashing pertl e nedi·w Pl'csident to emphasize ceptions were therefore mevihis •tinctive qualities Since table q9 pne ted the traditional As it turned out the carimpJomatic style Bush was free cature of the American presi lge bis instinct of get- dent in the European media g dll' ly to the point This and by some European leaders 1n tum brought out the troth facilitated a positive outcome that on the core disputes of the of the presidential tip For Atlarific disagreements -- mis- with the president holdmg fast sile defense and the environ- to his fundamental views on ment - Europe and America missile defense but inviting were diVided not by the per- consultation on their applicason l%' of the new ores cnt tion the European leaders but by differences in pohtical were obliged either to initiate a philosophy Jhilosophical challenge -- risklbe new president's intel- mg the entire relationship -- or lectual convicticons were to accept the principle while shaped b y t h e conservative retaining the option-of modifyside of the American political ing its application President spectnml and he was elected Bush faced a comparable chalby Using its principles In lenge with respect to European fQre1gn Policy this translated attitudes toward the environ - into a ftnn commitment to the ment and made a comparable nation's security - - of which adaptation The outcome was missile defense bas emerged as to preserve the option of what a central focus -- the nurturing each side considered essential of established links with tradi- while setting the stage for con- 1 sultation to define its implementation On missile defense European leaders face contradictory domestic pressures to oppose it as either unworkable or as working so well as to destroy the strategic balance and in any event as being too expensive They now realize that the Bush administration while prepared to consult in great detail will not equate consultation with a veto No president can take the responsibility in a world of proliferating nuclear and missile technology for leaving the American peo Jle vulnerable to attacks for which a demonstrated and growing capacity exists-· not when he has available an emerging technology that shows promise in protecting against at least the lower end of these dangers Thus the real choice of Allied leaders was between a national American missile defense and one that includes Allied tenitories Future consultation will have to focus on such issues as appropriate technologx levels compatible with stability and the form for expressing any agreementreachea Similarly there arc no adthe Bush vacates in administration or in Congress for ratifying the Kyoto protocol - even among those who thought the Bush administration's rejection of it was too peremptory and undertaken with too little regard for the sensitivities of our allies The president's posture in Europe conveyed an American wilhngness to consider some joint responses to the issue of global warming But it could not be based on the Kyoto protocol which the U S Senate has indicated by a vote of 95 to nothing it would never ratify and which only on JB i ean government has ra · · y the successful meeting between Putin and Bush which made clear that Russia is receptive to a substantive dialogue including on the subject of missile defense has helped transform the atmosphere All this should tum the transatlantic debate toward concrete issues rather than preconceptions driven by domestic politics Still the new atmosphere leaves a range of is- sues to be resolved For example against what specific danger is the proposed missile defense to be directed In my view the emphasis on socalled rogue states is a mistake It confuses the issue by an abstract exercise of dividing the world between counties defined as evil and other nuclear countries including Russia somehow defined as irrelevant to the nuclear threat Such an exercise would involve us in a never-never land of kaleidoscopic changes in definition A serious defense system must seek to provide protection against attacks from any direction the meaningful subject of the debate should be the scope of the threat against which protection is sought rather than its origin As for the dangers of triggering an arms race no foreseeable missile defense can afford protection against an allout Russian attack Thus of all the nuclear weapons states Russia is the least affected by a missile defense system - even if its capacity for lower-level blackmail will be reduced Missile defense is unlikely to spur an arms race with Russia - though it may alter the composition of Russia's missile forces The comdly most affected by an American missile defense program is China Even a modest American anti-missile program will have an imJDedi ate impact on the small Chinese strike force Though I reject the proposition that China is an inevitable strategic adversary an increase in the Chinese strategic program is to be expected -- probably in any event Once a dialogue with China develops its limits might become an important subject As for the so-called rogue states they are already at the limit of their capabilities independent of an American or Allied missile defense The issue of preventing an arms race am be addressed most immediately by the significant reduction of strategic offensive arsenals Some administration sources have spoken of a reduction to 1 0001 500 warheads - a cut of more than SO percent from START II levels A significant reduction -can be undertaken page 16 of20 11-L-0559 OSD 371 •I unilaterally if necessary and is largely independent of the level of missile defense since none foreseeable could defeat attack of such magnitude Jnce a decision has been reached on technology the level of protection and against what scale of attack attention must be paid to the international framework for imP lementation whether as umlateral American decisions agreements with NATO allies or agreements bilateral or multilateral with other nuclear powers Unilateral American decisions should be a last resort the most powerful nuclear country should not adopt unilateralism lllltil the possibilities of agreement have been fully explored And our NA ro allies should be given every opportunity to participate in a common program It is clearly impossible to create the technology for the necessary missile defense tinder the existing ABM treaty Whether the treaty can be amended to make it compatible with the requirements of missile defense deserves consideration though care must be en lest amendment talks become a means to posq ione deployment into the mdefinite fu ture or create by implication a Russian veto over the ultimate deployment Within these limits the building of missile defense should proceed side by side with explorations of what international agreement can embody a new global strategic design But this should be freed to the greatest extent possible from the nit-picking detail that blighted previous arms control negotiations The preconditions for such a dialogue were created in the Bush-Putin meeting A comparable pragmatism governed Bush's approach to the environment But having made the point that the Kyoto protocol as it stands is unacceptable room must be left for common action on global warming by the states that most contribute to dangerous emissions The issue has be come politicized especially in Europe where it is being used to play up to the green constituencies Science not emotions should guide the appro- New York Times July S 2001 25 Stalemate Over Iraq Faced with intractable Russian opposition Washington has sensibly postponed its efforts to reconfigure sanctions against Iraq till a later date and accepted an extension of existing arrangements for five more months That gives the Bush administration time to work out a satisfactory compromise with Moscow Iraq policy should be high on the list of subjects President Bush discusses when he mtets again with Presidtnt Vladimir Putin of Russia later this month For many weeks America and Britain have sought support for a new United Nations Security Council resolution that would ease restrictions on Baghdad's imports of consumer goods while tightening enforcement of the ban on Iraqi imports 'of weapons and their components Those changes are important and not just as an answer to humanitarian complaints about unnecessary economic privations imposed on Iraqi civilians Iraq has become increasingly successful at selling smuggled oil through Turkey and Jordan That has allowed Saddam Hussein to evade the U N financial controls that are supposed to prevent him from using oil revenues to purchase arms With no U N weapons inspectors in Iraq for the past two and a half years there is a growing danger that Iraq is secretly rebuilding its biological chemical and nuclear arms programs The new Security Council resolution proposed by London and backed by Washington would make that harder It would tighten border controls against illegal arms imports and by broadening the range of goods available to Iraqi civilians make it politically easier for neighboring countries to crack down on Iraqi oil smuggling For those reasons Mr Hussein strongly The writer a former secretary opposes the new resolution Inof state is president of Kissstead he demands early steps to terminate sanctions and reinger Associates an internamove international financial tional consulting firm controls Russia is siding with Iraq as it frequently has in the past Just a month ago Moscow cast a preliminary U N vote in priate response Why not fonn two study groups with short deadlines an American group to relate environmental concerns to economic growth and an Atlantic group to decide what programs are able to achieve a genuine amelioration that can in fact be implemented The dialogue between presidents Bush and Putin has done much to remove from the Allied agenda the contention over how to deal with Russia Until the meeting in Slovenia too many European leaders saw their roles as mediators and facilitators of a RussoAmerican dialogue The encounter of the two presidents has made evident that such a role is urmecessary -·even if some exuberant American statements concluding the conference and afterward overshot the mark Instead the NATO allies need to ask themselves whether to conduct their relationship with Russia competitively or as a common project This is all the more important because the fundameiltal challenge of Putin•s Russia will not be missile defense but rather how to encourage the emerging Russia into the global and European system and how to discourage it from returning to the historic Russi an policy of absorbing neighbors or turning them into• satellites In this process the future genuine independence of such countries as Georgia Azerbaijan and above all Ukraine is crucial Russia must be brought to undtrstand that its actions to date in thest countries give rise to serious concern A good start toward a new approach to all these issues was made by the president's trip - especially in his seminal speech in Warsaw which raised the challenge of the expansion of NATO including the Baltic states The agenda is clear giving it meaning is the next task 11-L-0559 OSD 372 favor of the concepts being promoted by Washington and London But then it fell into line with Baghdad France and China two other countries that have sometimes leaned toward Iraq in tht Security Council this time seemed ready to support the British and American approach as did every other Council member except Russia Moscow has now isolated itself almost completely It alone is responsible for delaY ing early relief to Iraqi civilians That is not a very promising way for Russia to advance Mr Putin•s goal of rebuilding Moscow's diplomatic influence in the Arab-world and at the U N Mr Hussein suffered an embarrassment of his own Tuesday when it became known that at least one senior Iraqi diplomat at the U N was seeking asylum in the United States As Mr Bush and Mr Putin wisely recognized when they met last month constructive relations between Russia and America can lel'VC both countries Of tht many issues now dividing the two sanctions on Iraq should be one of the easier ones to resolve Thwarting Saddam Hussein's efforts to build unconventional weapons would enhance the security of both the United States and Russia Wall Street Journal JulyS 2001 26 Smarting Over Iraq The Russian dtlegation to the U N Security Council this week torpedoed an Anglo-American plan to replace the current sanctions regime on Iraq with so-called smart sanctions which target a relatively small set of proscn'bed military and dual-use gOods Moscow's motives art at bottom venal It is doing Baghdad's bidding to collect on Sovietera debts sec ure lucrative oil contracts and rebuild a former client state hungry for Russian weapons Yet this is one me for which London and Washington may one day have cause to be grateful To wit it may at last force Britain and the U S to stop exploring variations of an obviously failed approach and page 17 of20 snowflake July 5 2001 2 10 PM TO Dr Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld X SUBJECT Demonstration Options Let's talk about a demonstration nuclear option a conventional ICBM pre emption options and more nuanced options DHR cd 070501-18 - Ul2009 01 11-L-0559 OSD 373 snowflake July6 2001 TO Admiral Holcomb FROM Donald Rumsfeld 11 10 AM 1' SUBJECT Ellis and Handy I think we can go ahead with Ellis and Handy DHR cd 070601-14 -0 U11986 11-L-0559 OSD 374 01 snowflake July 9 2001 8 52 AM TO Marc Thiessen FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Stevenson Speech You might want to read this speech by Adlai Stevenson He spoke to my senior class at Princeton It has some terrific language in it as well as· some useful thought I was clearly one of the better speeches I have ever heard in my life - Attach 3 22 54 Stevenson speech It f--'r'n Thanks nl· ' - -et ir DHR dh 070901-12 Ul2133 01 11-L-0559 OSD 375 - N N z 0 V' 'I ° G b -ij t l J · zLU LU t- V' LU _J 0 '· 11-L-0559 OSD 376 s 'I ' f 1 c' ' 5 AJJ t'I AJ ai _ SteveMon '22 An address by the Hon Adlai E Stevenson '22 to the Princeton Cl11$$ of 1 '54 March 22 1954 upon the occasion of the Senior ClllSS Banquei I I have a number of preliminary things I should like to say In the first place I am informed that this senior class banquet is ·being held at the expense of your accumulated reserves This is a very perilous thing that you are doing by inviting me here because certainly within a few hours the Republicans will ask for equivalent time I was delighted to witness a moment ago your emphatic approval of my program for Princeton some thirty-two years ago-unlimited cuts noncompulsory Chapel and student firing of the Dean I have always considered almost from infancy that it was wise in politics to have-shall we say-a popular program The trouble is that when I went into politics it appears that I changed my views I wonder President Dodds if you would like to be excused now Leave me alone with these young gentlemen It is really a very inhibiting circumstance to find myself sitting at the wrong side of the President of Princeton my old and esteemed friend I have heard him speak many times I have always found what I have heard both enli9htening and profitable I am afraid there will be no reciprocity tonight Ive been at a loss as to what to say to you and having just read over what il have prepared rather hastily I have concluded that I have resolved my uncertainty by saying nothing This will take me approximately forty minutes Some one asked me today when I was walking about the campus why I was here in view of the fact that I had declined or been unable to come on numerous previous occasions when the University or groups were good enough to invite me I explained that I had come p is time only because I had wanted to come arid that i need not have an excuse to come I think it was perhaps an unwise and intemperate thing to do and had I continued in my earlier resolve would be better off There are too many ple hereabouts who know me too well I was thinking on the way over here about the unwisdom of speaking sometimes and the wisdom of restraining oneself You will perhaps recall am mr• Cmri lleRa i Qodds tlo ' the wonderful remark of Disraeli when a callow young member of the House of Commons came to him-the leader of his party-and said Now Mr Prime Minister I've just come to the House do you think it would be well if I particiJ ated actively in debate And the Prime Minister looked at him appralSingly for a moment and said No I think it would be better if you did not I think it would be better if the House wondered why you didn't speak rather than why you did I daresay it will be under those circumstances that I shall leave here this evening In all events 1 am deeply grateful for your invitation and for the opportunity which you have afforded me not only to come back to this place I love so well but to impose on your time and your patience There is another one which you will remember Harold President Coolidge • 11-L-0559 OSD 377 I I said It is sometimes better to keep still and be thought a fool than it is to speak and remove all doubt I feel as though I were opening the hunting season on college ICDion From now until mid-June college senion are fair game for all of us up lifters viewers with alarm Chautauqua-style orators even for occasional unemployed politicians From now until mid-June college seniors are to be repeatedly reminded how fortunate ·they are and what they should do with their hard-won educational disciplines they are to be warned repeatedly that the old order is changing that the sky is overcast visibility low and they are to be urged and goaded and implored to accept the cha Ienge to remake the future Thirty-two years ago- and I might say quite a number of pounds and a good many inches around the waist ago -when I graduated I believe I listened to these same challenges flung down by orators whose names I have completely forgotten Now it is my turn to be forgotten In doing my homework this morning on this evenings oration II not only let my mind nm back to the state of the world 32 years ago when I graduated from Princeton but I also glanced at the Nassau Herald of 1922 in the hope that I· could find something about myself that would impress you Well I must say in the long corridor of retrospect I don't look as important as I thought I was I discovered that when my senior class voted to bestow the sobriquet -of biggest Politician upon one of its members I received only eight votes-but wfien it voted on thinks he is biggest politician I won second place and that was due to a conspiracy among my roommates For the title of most likely to succeed I received the impressive total of two votes- I don't know yet who the other fellow was Thirty-two ycan ago my classmates and I graduated into a world that was quite different from the one you enter-in 1954 ·Before settling down to the business of trying to earn a living I did some more travelling It was a happier more hopeful world than the one I saw on a recent journey around the globe A terrible war to make the world safe for danoc racy had just ended victoriously A noble concept the League of Nations had emerged from the chaotic aftermath of that elemental stru le It was the twilight of kings the dawn of world-wide democracy Optinnll' '1 was boundless and people proclaimed that we were on the threshold of the new era of universal and perpetual peace and prosperity It didn't turn out that way It wasn't a threshold after all A bitter young man an author soon wrote ••J was always embarrassed the words 'sacred ' 'glorious ' and 'sacrifice' and the expression 'in vain We heard them sometimes standing in the rain almost out of earshot so that only the shouted words came through and had read them and proclamations that were slapped up by billp0stcn over othe _prodamatiom and I had seen nothing 'sacred' and the things that were 'glorious li'ad no glory and the 'sacrifices' were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it But I don't need to tell you a generation that was born and nurtured in the depths of d prcuion and came to consciousness in war and to maturity in the confinion of world revolution-I don't need to tell you that your elders have made IODlething uf a mess of thingl Things didn't turn out as we had thought they would in 1922 and somehow the hope and l ' br 11-L-0559 OSD 378 the easy confidence we felt dissolved as more and more the articulate and vocal among us doubted their beliefs and believed their doubts _ Nor do I need to enumerate for you in sepulchral tones the problems that you face You know them only too well Perhaps you can solve them l would not presume to tell you how to do it This University has given you the tools with which to 'try Moreover even if I would guide you I could not What a man knows at fifty that he did not know at twenty is for the most part incommunicable The laws the aphorisms the general- 'izations the universal truths the parables and the old saws-all of the observations about life which can be communicated handily in ready verbal packages-are as well known to a man at twenty who has been attentive as to a man at fifty He has been told them all he has read them all and he has probably iepeatcd them all before he graduates from college but he has not lived them all What he knows at fifty that he did not know at twenty boils down to something like this The knowledge he has acquired with age is not thu knowledge of formulas or forms of words but of people places actionsa knowledge not gained by words but by touch sight sound victories failures sleeplessness devotion love-the human experiences and emotions of this earth and of oneself and other men and perliaps too a little faith and a little reverence for 'things you cannot see Nonetheless I would speak to you not of the past when my generation held its hopes so high-a time when even I received two votes as the most likely to succeed-but rather I would speak to you of the future of your future And if I cannot advise you on how to solve the momentous problems of your future perhaps I can venture to suggest some duties and if you please some rules of conduct that it seems to me devolve upon the educated man because that is what you are about to be I would speak to you briefly then about the educated man and his government and about the educated man and his university _ The pC litical organization that goes by the name of the United States ' of America consists of no fewer than 155 000 governing units school boards conservation districts municipalities states the nation etc It is operated by some one million elected officials ranging from mosquito district trustee to· President and by some six million full-time em J JOyees Our government is so large and so complicated that few understand it well and others barely understand it at all Yet we must try to undentand it and to make it function better · For the power for good or evil of this American political organization is virtually beyond measurement The decisions which it makes the uses to which it devotes its immense resources the leadership which it provides on moral as well as material questions all appear likely to determine the fate of the modem world All this is to say that your power is virtually beyond measurement For it is to you to your enlightened attention that American government must look for the sources of its power You dare not if I may say so withhold your attention For if you do if those young Americans who have the advantage of education perspective and self-discipline do not _participate to the fullest extent of their ability America will stumble and if America stumbles the world falls I b Il' You know that our record as citizens in recent cars has been something less than perfect Too often our citizens have ignored their duty to their government Too often they have not even bothered to vote But this is not all Participating in government in a democracy does not mean merely casting a ballot on election day It means much more than that It means an attitude a moral view and a willingness to assume a day-to-day responsibility for the good conduct of your government How many times have you heard the good citizen demand for example that the gambling laws be enforced without fear or favor-except of course for the slot machines in his own country club How manv ftOOd citizens do you know who constantly deplore waste inefficiency and corruption in government and who also go out and ring doorbells for candidates th y believe in Not very many Far more say politics is dirty -and that ii about their on y e test about the quali of rnmcnt and far more use the word · ­ ciari as a term-of approbnum disrespect and dishonor-and this in the land of Washington 1elfenon and Lincoln How manl rcsqeaable citizens do you ltnow who protest loudly about lawlessness and venality but don't hesitate to 6x a traffic ticket And then there are the UlllaUpulous for whom anything goes if it is within the letter of the law or at least not too far outside the numerous kind for whom legality and morality are synonyms 'The Fix' has become endemic in our political life I would remind you of an axiom of political science People get the kind of government they deserve Your public servants serve you right Our American government may be defined perhaps as the government that really cares about the people Just so our government demands it depends upon the care and t 8 Cvobon of the P- eoe_le 'Now it is sadly true that there are corrupt officials that don't get caught if not as many perhaps u the cynical suspect It is also true that there are at every level of our government able patient patriotic devoted public servants-yes and Army officers too-but all too often their reward iJ ingratitude contumely and lately even investigation In years gone by we required only of our career servants upon whom the successful operation of this huge mechanism of government depends that they serve at a financial sacrifice and that they serve with little glory or public recognition Iocreasiugly it appcan we also require them to run na ol bc ag randed as 'iubvcrsive ' 'undesirable ' as 'security rilks 'pt becomes i ncrcasingly hard to attract men to govcmmcnt and no wonder Thoughtful men do not enjoy livmg in an atmosphere of cOllltant guerilla warfare and to defend them there against abuse and the ugly inclination we as h man beings have to believe the worst I would suggest that it is not enough merely to vote but that we all of us have the further obligation to think and to maintain steadfastly the rights of all men to think freely It is always true that when the citizens of a democracy become apathetic a powl' r vacuum is created and coi rupt men or incompetents worse rush in to fill it But today our situation is even more dangerous than thaL In ordinary times the corrupt or the incompetent can be sulfercd for a while and then ejected But these are no ordinary times The world'• fate now hangs upon hOw well or how ill we in America conduct our affairs And if a ·md man i 'lTUstee 1 f a -sani1ary district or if an able ma11t I j I F ml suspi ci011- You who have spent four years on this campus know better than most people that your greatest satisfactions your greatest rewards resulted from the free interplay of ideas You know that your most penetrating insights resulted from the exchange and the interchange and dash of ideas And I would remind you that just as a great university cannot operate in any b Jt an atmosphere of intellectual freedom neither can a eat govemmentl It is the function of the democ ra tic form of government o nurture freedom No less does the democratic form of government reuirc freedom as the condition in which it can function at all ·I would suggest to you then that it is the duty of an educated man n America today to work actively to put good men into public oftice- -J ' l 11-L-0559 OSD 379 in Washin on is left to shift for himself in the face of unjustified attack then our government is diminished by that much-and even more because others will lose heart from his example So 'OU as educated privilegecll le have a broad responsibility ta protect and improve what you have inherited and what you would die to preserve-the concept of government by consent of the governed as the only tolerable way of life We in our country have indeed placed all of our faith we have pla' all of our hope upon the education the intelligence and the undentanding of our people We have said that ours is a government conducted byl its citizens and from this it follows that the iwverrunent wiU b b tter coodUGted if its citizens are educated It's as simi le as that We believe that the people will find their way to the right soluttons given sufficient information We believe with Lincoln Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people although I must confess to having entertained certain private fleeting doubts upon occaiion We have bet all our chips if you please on the intellectual improvement of our people This is a magnificent gamble-but it is a gamble for it raises the question whether we have reached the awesome pinnacle of world power we now occupy too soon before we have sufficiently elevated our national mind to lead the world wisely Only the educated man entertains doubts and doubt is the beginning of wisdom but daubt is not wisdom's fulfillment and in a time of crisis the man who doubts may fall prey to the strong dumb bmte-to the man on horseback There is in the moiling masses of Asia a tremendous power patentially the greatest power on earth and today· our enemies conspire to gain the mastery of this power They have at their disposal as we all know a powerful weapon for communism is a perversion of the dream of justice And while we see its leading attribute as the perversion the illiterate the toiling masses still have their eyes fixed on the dream We too have a powerful weapon truth and we gain our strength from our thoughtful citizenry which seeks and holds the truth with both its heart and its mind The question is however whether we have come to decisive res ronsibility too early before we were ready before we had marured sufficiently No man can'say with certainty Personally I am optimistic and confident but this question will not be answered tomorrow it will be answered in y r lifetime and it will be answered in large part by you the privileged American If I have made your tasks and your responsibilities sound formidable which indeed they are may I also remind you that this is what makes the 1 11 @ t ' 3 n prospect of your careers so exciting There is a wonderful passage in Erner son -and happily I couldn't lay my hands on it-I'll spare you from it J hope sometime you will read that essay It says the time to live is not when everything is serene but when all is tumult-when the old admits being compared with the new This is the time of early morning when it fresh and exciting I think this is your generation I cannot be sure is the order of life and ditliculties its meat You live in a time of hiltonc change and of infinite difficulty But do not let the difliculties istract you Face the problems of you time you must deal with them ou must But do not allow the alarms and excursions and partisanship of our political scene to distract you do not let even the awful problems of the atomic age claim all your attention Dare rather to live your lives fully boldly dare to study and to learn to cultivate the mind and the spirit even though it isn't fashionable in your community For though our people become prosperous as never before and though our foreign policy triumphs thelC things are but instruments of the pmper purpose the hi r 2urpose of Western man-the cultivation of the mind and of the spmt · It would be presumptuous and out of character for me to lecture you about your spit-it That I must leave to the wiser and to better men But perha-es you'll forg ive me if I draw on my own haphazard desultory experience- ei have not always been an unemployed politician you know - to say a word about intelligence and experience as attributes of the itoOd judgment you will need-die good sense if you please Don't be afraid to learn to read to studY to work to try to know because at the very best you can know very little And don't above all thinas-anli I 1a SUit 'Jesidcnt fhxhts Witt with me-be afraid to thin for yourself Nothing has been in my ent more disheartening about the contemporary scene the last several years in America than the growth of the Popularity of unreason-Of anti-intellectualism One thinks of those chantmg screamiiw crowds that over 1 n 9J ices in Germany-and not IO long ago The confomusu-unreason and anti-intellectualism-abominate thought Thinking implies disagreement and diaagreement implies nonconformity and non-conformity implies heresy and heray implies clialqval So obviousJv thinkiqv must be 1topped This is the routine But I say to you that bawling is not a substitute' l or thinking and that reason is not subversion but the salvation of freedom And don't be afraid of unpopular positions of driving UJ StreaDl All progress has resulted from people who took unpopular positrons All change is the result of a change in the contemporary state of mind Do you remember-and here again ii shall tap a resourceless memory-some words of Materlinck who was writing about the Spanish Inquisition and said that in those times to the conservative they should not kill so many and to the radical they should not kill any Don't be afraid of being out of tune with your environment and above all pray God that you are not afraid to live to live hard and fast To my way of thinking it is not the years in _your life but the life in your year that count in the long run You'll have more fun you'll do more and you'll get more you'll give more satisfaction the more you know the more you have worked and the more you have lived For yours is a great adventure at a stirring time in the annals of men j 11-L-0559 OSD 380 You have a better chance than many people to give a lot and therefore to take a lot of life If we can't look to people like you for this leadership for good judgment for wise directions for ourselves and for the convictions of our society then where can we look For here at Princeto7 which for more than two centuries has transmitted from one generation to the next the riches of Western civilization you have gotten some grasp of the basic frinciplcs on which our culture is founded-the concept of the supremacy o the individual the worth of a human being and the necessity for a climate of freedom in which these values may fmd means of expression And before you depart from this campus that you and I have known and loved stay a moment mi young friends and think a bit inquirethese halls this campus our university what do they mean university' U a proud a noble and ancient word Around it cluster all of the values and the traditions which civilized people have for centuries prized most highly The idea which underlies this University-any university-is greater than any of its physical manifestations its classrooms its laboratories its clubs its athletic plant even the particular groups of faculty and students who make up its human element as of any given time What is this idea It 'is that the highest condition of man in this mysterious universe is the freedom of the spirit And it is only truth that can set the spirit free The function of a university is then the search for truth and its communication to succeeding generations Only as that function is performed steadfastly conscientiously and without interference does the university realize its underlying purpose Only so does the university keep faith with the great humanist tradition of which it is a part Only so does it merit the honorable name that it bears When you depart think occasionally upon your university's inherent ideas and purposes as its outward trappings recede Don't forget that Princeton is a university as well as yoaf University and that it has obliga tions to the whole of mankind not just to you-obligations which it can neither ignore nor shirk and which cannot consistently with its honorable name and its place in the community of scholarship be sacrificed to passing passions and prejudices As members of the alumni family I trust you will be alert to its needs they are imperative and you can meet them if you will as many of your predecessors are today but keep I beg you always in the forefront of your mind the realization that the single greatest need of any university as of any seeker after the truth is not just the money not expensive libraries and laboratories but this freedom this thing that seems so inchoate to you now freedom to do its work to sue its inquiries to conduct its discussion to extend the limits of learning The right to the serene pursuit of truth did not descend like manna from heaven it was won by hard fighting and the fight goes on and ' 1 to the end of time-even as the struggle between good and evil See to it then that no one for whatever reason or in the service of whatever interest diverts this University from its classic objective As its graduates as individuals who have made in it an investment of the golden iITetrievable ycan of your lives you cannot I suggest do less And carry away with you some of the wise serenity of the timeless courage the unhurried objectivity which is the atmosphere of Princeton and which represents the f collective imprint of its founders students and teachers who have gone before you The university in America is the archive of the Western mind it is the keeper of Western culture and the foundation of Western culture is freedom Princeton or any other university great or small has the obligation of transmitting from one generation to the next that heritage The faculty and administrators of a university can do that only if they are free I think we believe with Gladstone that it is liberty alone that fits men for liberty I came here last night in darkness after not having been here for some four or 'five years I came with an old friend and an old classmate We drove a little through the campus after dusk It was soft the air fresh the beginning of spring thought of some words that I read here long ago written by an Eng1ish poet Alfred Noyes who stayed on the Princeton campus for a few years They went something like this if I am not mistaken Now lamp-lit gardens in the blue dusk shine Through dog-wood red and white And round the gray_guadrangles line by line The windows fill with light Where Princeton calls to Magdalen tower to tower Twin lanthorns of the law And those cream-white magnolia boughs embower The halls of old Nassau Sentimental Yes Nostal c childish Perhaps Yet lovely beautiful true Your days are short here this is the last of your springs And now in the serenity and quiet of this lovely place touch the depths of truth feel the hem You willgo away with old good friends Don't forget when you leave why you came I t i t 11-L-0559 OSD 381 s snowflake July 11 2001 5 47 PM TO Secretary Gordon England FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Navy Training At some point it seems to me that rather than look for something to replace Vieques what we really need to do is to get down to some facts • Precisely what does the Navy actually think it needs to train Precisely what kind of training has the Navy actually been getting at Vieques in recent years • Precisely what type of training has the Navy been getting on the West coast Are there other ways to achieve the training that is actually necessary such as at sea against sleds electronics etc When all of that is nailed down we should go looking for alternatives If we do it any other way as we seem to have been doing I suspect we will never find Utopia When you have the answers to these questions please brief me Thanks DHR dh 071101-14 U12619 02 11-L-0559 OSD 382 July 12 2001 11 22 AM TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT NSC and Cabinet Meetings You ought to tell Steve Hadley that someday in a press conference the President is going to be asked how many NSC meetings he has had and how many cabinet meetings he has had It could be embarrassing DHR dh 071201-21 Ul26 0 02 11-L-0559 OSD 383 snowflake July 16 2001 3 58 PM TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald SUBJECT Restrictions on Hiring Rumsfeld Why don't you draft a letter for me to send to Senator Byrd explaining this business about not being able to hire CPAs Maybe he will take an interest in getting the legislation changed Please draft it up Thanks DHR dh 071601-42 11-L-0559 OSD 384 snowflake - July 17 2001 8 04 AM SUBJECT Goals The four things I would like to accomplish before I leave DoD I Move missile defenses forward to defend our people and forces 2 Move $10 to $20 billion of waste into weapons and improve the efficiency of how the Department deals with itself the Congress and contractors 3 Through transformation prepare the U S for the asymmetrical threats of the future-terrorism homeland defense cruise and ballistic missile defense and cyber-attacks 4 Improve intelligence DHR dh 071601-60 c - U12630 02 11-L-0559 OSD 385 snowflake July 18 2001 8 23 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld Un SUBJECT Security Clearances The idea of changing the security clearance update from five years to six years would change the backlog enormously Other possible ideas would be to review the questions they are asking and to not require them to go back to the beginning-just go back to the last update - Why don't we get some people thinking about that Thanks j DHR dh 071801-S M t - '2J - c r ii - - - ' Lf f A'L 4 -U12676 01 11-L-0559 OSD 386 TO Doug Feith cc General Shelton FROM Donald Rumsfeld · 05 5 DATE 8 July 21 2001 SUBJECT Maritime Meeting There was a meeting set up that was part of the mil-to-mil relationship between the U S and China It was a maritime meeting There was a time when we thought we would use it to discuss the EP-3 incident It was supposed to meet in San Francisco some time back and to my knowledge it has never met We ought to find out what the status is and think through how we want to handle it Thanks DHR azn 072101 010 2J ' ' c Ul 39 32 01 11-L-0559 OSD 387 I l H' - I - I 1-- I TO ExecSec FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Op-ed by Cal Thomas - ·s- - July 23 2001 9 23 AM Please include this op-ed regarding the problem of waste in government spending in the read-ahead for my meeting with Cal Thomas later this week 7 26 Thanks Attach 7 22101 op-ed by Cal Thomas Washington Times Surplus Shrinkage - DHR dh 072301-19 11-L-0559 OSD 388 'r 2 r I A a gun n-A Vs i-I' I'n 114 2-1 y- I WET In m e i c-hr f nhf 3 Sign I SaraCharli Coon is an eMr y Dolic Y analyst at the Heritage Founilatioii l 'Jr lobbyists grease the palms ofpoliti cians with contributions · Stories of lost money at the Education Department have been 'widely reported At the· Labor Department the Employment and Training Administration· ETA had been receiving as recently as two ye ago about $9 billion a more than threeJburths of total discretionary ° Depart- rear ment funds But when asked to account for the ETA grants the agency said the information was not available in a single volume or in detail In addition the department said producing the data on a fiscal year basis was too time-consuming cumbersome and difficult Government never believes it 'spends too much only that the workersare taxed toOlid andtbat taxpayers are greedy if - rant some of their money back With such irresponsible spending 'taxpayers should keep more fJf their money and government should gel less Cal Thomas is a natimOU1 qn dicatedcolumnist - - r M Na1iNG I making him one of the few peoQle ever to have been chosen for the same bench by presidents of different political parties More was said in praise of the three nominees than questions were asked of them by the few senators --t--L-o t- ' -•· - • • 11-L-0559 OSD 392 Justice Antonin Scalia Justice Scalia disdains resorting to legislative history because doing so ncourages jua_ges to exp d thetr p0wer and effectively wnte new laws He insists more strongly than any judge anywhere on a tm- - ' ' lllla '--J f _ e c c_ l J 2 -S q C I 1 Q- 0 ·1'1-' As of July 24 2001 ll OOa m READ AHEAD FOR SECRETARY RUMSFELD CAL THOMAS INTERVIEW LA TIMES SYNDICATE SECDEF HASS FROM T e 703-697-9143 JUL OOl o L Time Location July 26 1 00- I 30 p m SecDef Office Background You have a session scheduled with Cal Thomas an LA Times syndicated columnist Thomas is a self-proclaimed conservative he strongly advocates missile defense a forceful U S foreign policy on China and generally supports Administration initiatives He does not however allow his political views to color his take on waste and misuse of tax dollars including DoD or of the churches' collective ability to administer the Administration's faith-based initiative - _ Objectives • Advance Freedom to Manage • Reinforce Administration's position on missile defense • Maintain consistency on Administration's approach to China Likely topics of discussion Missile defense budget needs and Congressional opposition to both Asia Pacific focus strategy shift from Europe QDR Transformation Freedom to Manage and China Attachments Biography selected quotes and recent editorials including 22 July ed on the surplus and government waste Prepared by Maj Jay Steuck OASD PA 703-697-7385 11-L-0559 OSD 393 E 1ne LOS Ailge1es 11mes ynmcme - 1 ai 1nomas -'I •1 _ __ '·I 1''J I 1 Jf i t oe n9cles times S YND I CAT E We represent more than 140 writers artists publications and online services selling to customers in more than 100 countries Cal Thomas Pc1 1tJu11 unu oc1al Commentary Award-winning commentator Cal Thomas tc1·1 a the forefront or conservative values in America A persuasive spokesman for traditional views he is articulate thoughtful and quick to spot hypocrisy from the right or the left Whatever his topic -- abortion religious rights the family welfare reform a balanced federal budget crime censorship or school choice -- Thomas presents crystal-clear arguments He draws on an extensive 1ournalist1c background that Includes assoc1at1on with NBC PBS CNBC Fox News and during his Army service the rmed Forces Radio and Telev1s1on You can e-mail him at jctlatsyn@aol com Rf '' e' ntat1ves of publishers or Web sites may receive samples and 1nform8t1on by calling 1-800-LATIMES ext 77987 or e-mailing latsinfo@lats com r1irrh i ' 1110 Who we are I What we do I Where we are I How we work Stuff to buy I Stuff to do I Talk to us I LATS Home I of I 11-L-0559 OSD 394 06 111200110 36 AM As of July 24 INFORMATION MEMORANDUM - Selected Cal Thomas quotes Spending is up Surplus is down -- July 20 NOTE As requested for inclusion this is the op-ed that ran in the July 22 edition of the Wash Times Why is the government's surplus not as large as originally forecast Democrats say it's because of President Bush's 'obscenely large' actually paltry tax cut and his commitment to a missile defense system Republicans say it's because Democrats spend too much The Republicans are right about spending but wrong in accusing the Democrats of being the only guilty party Republicans know how to spend as well as Democrats Their problem is hypocrisy because the GOP is supposed to be the party of fiscal restraint and smaller government Report nails Washington's wasteful ways - June 20 In the middle of dueling comments this month between President Bush and House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt about whether the new tax cut is a boon to the economy or a sop to the rich that will return us to deficit spending came the baritone voice of Republican Sen Fred Thompson of Tennessee Thompson delivered a twovolume report compiled by the Senate Government Affairs Committee which Thompson chaired There's pervasive and continuous mismanagement waste fraud and duplication in much of the federal government that the average American would find shocking The real threat to government financial stability and its ability to meet its obligations is not the tax cut but government's failure to be competent and honest with the money taxpayers fork over Former Vice President Al Gore was supposed to have reinvented government It appears he reinforced its worst habits Missile defense sensible -- May 4 It always has been a mystery as to why the left so viscerally opposes a missile defense system When Ronald Reagan first proposed such a plan the left mocked it as Star Wars a fantastical delusion about as realistic as the George Lucas movie of the same name On Tuesday President Bush laid out a philosophical and geopolitical rationale for a missile defense system that was even better than Mr Reagan's Mr Bush rightly called for moving beyond the constraints of the 30-year-old ABM Treaty He said clinging to it enshrines the past 11-L-0559 OSD 395 l'V Ui - 1to1' 'V UU al UlUUla ' l 11 Ly llWnn iil• l lJl l ll l U 1 • '4 _ aaM J _ l 'T ' '' _ _ __ Source All Sources News Major Newspapers f Terms cal thomas and date geg 01 24 2001 Edit Search Focus column The Denver Post July 20 2001 Friday Copyright 2001 The Denver Post Corporation The Denver Post July 20 2001 Friday 2D EDITION SECTION DENVER THE WEST Pg B-07 LENGTH 798 words HEADLINE Spending is up surplus is down BYLINE Cal Thomas BODY Why is the government's surplus not as large as originally forecast Democrats say it's because of President Bush's 'obscenely large' actually paltry tax cut and his commitment to a missile defense system Republicans say it's because Democrats spend too much The Republicans are right about spending but wrong in accusing the Democrats of being the only guilty party Republicans know how to spend as well as Democrats Their problem is hypocrisy because the GOP is supposed to be the party of fiscal restraint and smaller government Examples are numerous but perhaps the most ludicrous of all is an expenditure unearthed by the CATO Institute The Fair Taxes for All Coalition which has opposed the administration's tax cut has received $ 618 million in taxpayer money to help with its campaign What is more preposterous than subsidizing an advocacy group that opposes giving taxpayers their money back Do you like paying $ 150 million to have professional athletes mentor our youth Rep Tom Osborne R-Neb sponsored the funding amendment to the education bill for the program It's apparently patterned after TeamMates a Nebraska mentoring program Osborne founded using $ 1 million in tax money Columnist Debbie Schlussel writes on WorldNetDaily com that Osborne who once coached the University of Nebraska football team used players to mentor at-risk youth Trouble is notes Schlussel Osborne 'allowed criminal after criminal to play on his team - rarely disciplining them and constantly coming to their defense - in his win-at-all-costs mentality ' Osborne's players included sex offenders women batterers and other assorted thugs Should our tax money pay for another such program From the outrageous to the ridiculous Two years ago $ 14 000 of our money went to convert a charcoal grill to natural gas at the U S Air Force Academy Did it not occur to anyone that a few hundred bucks would have bought a gas grill at the local hardware store Another $ 40 000 was designated to move a bathroom wall in the Commandant of Cadets residence so an adjoining bedroom interior could be widened by one foot The money came from an account that's supposed to support troop readiness according to the Air Force Auditin Agency We're spending $ 150 million to relieve apple growers who reported loss of markets for their I of2 7 24101 5 24 AM 11-L-0559 OSD 396 tULU -11aKesuns-Lat momas nnp 11WWW ICXlli CUDJ n liCllI'Cllll'CU1C VC f • • CX _111 U- tUUCIL ilUCU 1 l tCU I l t• lil t J i IC lUU 2000 crop Another$ 5 million went to the Lincoln Library in Illinois as did $ 2 million for something called the Vulcan Monument According to Citizens Against Government Waste Sen John McCain R-Ariz tried to kill funding for the Vulcan Monument but got only 10 votes Members of Congress love their pork and are equal opportunity spending pigs Here are some more spending proposals for 2002 $ 5 773 000 for wood utilization research $ 1 million for Satsuma orange research $ 499 000 for swine waste management research and $ 198 000 for tropical aquaculture The sugar industry receives billions of dollars more in price supports than its sugar is worth according to the General Accounting Office As Mike Thomas wrote in the Orlando Sentinel 'Sugar growers grow all the sugar they can They plow every acre possible in the Everglades and pipe the dirty water onto public land Last year because of the federal program the government had to buy $430 million of sugar Maybe the feds can sprinkle it on the cheese they give out Until then we pay $ 1 4 million a month to store it ' Stuff like this continues because lobbyists grease the palms of politicians with contributions Stories of lost money at the Department of Education have been widely reported At the Labor Department the Employment and Training Administration had been receiving as recently as two years ago about $ 9 billion a year more than three-fourths of total discretionary Labor Department funds But when asked to account for the ETA grants the agency said the information was not available in a 'single volume' or 'in detail ' In addition the department said producing the data on a fiscal year basis was too time consuming cumbersome and difficult Government never believes it spends too much only that the workers are taxed too little and that taxpayers are greedy if they want some of their money back With such irresponsible spending taxpayers should keep more of their money and government should get less Cal Thomas is a former NBC News reporter and a former vice president of Moral Majority He is the author of nine books including 'Blinded by Might Can the Religious Right Save America ' LOAD-DATE July 20 2001 Source Terms Focus View· Date Time 0 All Sources News Major Newspapers cal thomas and date geg 01 24 2001 Edit Search column Full Tuesday July 24 2001 - 7 20 AM EDT About Lex1sNexis I Terms and Conditions Cooyright @ 2001 LexlsNexls a division of Reed Elsevier Inc All rights reserved 2 of2 11-L-0559 OSD 397 7124101 5 24 AM tULU ' 'i -1 us Kesmts - Lal momas 0 Source All Sources News Major Newspapers Terms cal thomas and date geg 01 24 2001 Edit Search Focus column Milwaukee Journal Sentinel June 20 2001 Wednesday Copyright 2001 Journal Sentinel Inc Milwaukee Journal Sentinel June 20 2001 Wednesday FINAL EDITION SECTION NEWS Pg 13A LENGTH 778 words HEADLINE Report nails Washington's wasteful ways BYLINE CAL THOMAS Los Angeles Times BODY In the middle of dueling comments this month between President Bush and House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt about whether the new tax cut is a boon to the economy Bush or a sop to the rich that will return us to deficit spending huge debt and the end of civil society Gephardt came the baritone voice of Republican Sen Fred Thompson of Tennessee Thompson delivered to Office of Management and Budget Director Mitch Daniels a twovolume report compiled by the Senate Government Affairs Committee which Thompson chaired until Democrats took over the Senate leadership The report details waste and fraud in government costing billions of dollars Across the board government is being undermined Thompson said at a Capitol Hill news conference There's pervasive and continuous mismanagement waste fraud and duplication in much of the federal government that the average American would find shocking The real threat to government financial stability and its ability to meet its obligations is not the tax cut but government's failure to be competent and honest with the money taxpayers fork over Former Vice President Al Gore was supposed to have 'Ire-invented government It appears he reinforced its worst habits The recent problems with the FBI not knowing where some of its records were in the Timothy McVeigh case and the U S Postal Service claim of a huge surplus -- only to reverse itself and discover it is operating under a huge deficit and needs still another rate increase -- are two examples Thompson cited four problem areas he called endemic to government The first is work force management The report blames staff reductions in the Clinton-Gore administration which it says actually detracted from the capacity of agencies to carry out essential functions and made them more vulnerable to fraud waste and mismanagement Thompson says government is losing too many good people and not attracting enough new ones at least in part because of the difficulties in getting people confirmed and the massive paperwork and intrusive background investigations required of high-level nominees The second problem mentioned by Thompson is financial mismanagement throughout government The government can't pass an audit it can't balance its books and the same can be said for just about every component and department of government he said We don't know how much money we have we don't know how much money we spend and we don't know how much various programs cost I of2 11-L-0559 OSD 398 7124 01 5 28 AM r UL u ci - 1 111 Kesuns - Llll momas An astounding $20 billion in overpayments are identified in the report Thompson says that's just the tip of the iceberg Medicare alone has paid $20 million to people who are dead the payments began after they died The GAO has placed four different areas on the high risk financial mismanagement list Among them are the Defense Department which Thompson called the poster child for financial mismanagement and has been for years and years We've seen $1 trillion in accounting entries that were not supported by the proper documentation he said Thompson cited $41 million spent on an ammunition tracking system that was abandoned after eight years because the ammunition could not be properly tracked Good for President Bush for refusing to pump new money into the Pentagon until it has accounted for what has already been spent The third area named by Thompson for improvement is information technology management We spend $40 billion a year for it he said but we can't manage major computer projects The fourth is overlap and duplication Thompson says while this has been studied before the committee report pulls it together in a way that is more comprehensive Seven different federal agencies administer 40 different job-training programs there are 50 different programs for the homeless 100 different programs serve at-risk or delinquent youth 17 departments and agencies operate 515 research and development laboratories And there's much more The problem notes Thompson is that once a program is created you're never going to get rid of it Every federal agency should be required to come before Congress in each budget cycle and justify the money it receives and spends No program should be regarded as permanent The Results Act a law designed to improve the performance of various government programs and make them more accountable to the public is supposed to help in this process but as Thompson noted it will work only if the president and Congress live up to its requirements Cal Thomas' column is syndicated by Tribune Media Services LOAD-DATE June 20 2001 Source 0 All Sources News Major Newspapers Terms cal thomas and date geg 01 24 2001 Edit Search Focus column View Full Date Time Tuesday July 24 2001 - 7 24 AM EDT About Lex1sNexis I Terms and Conditions Copyright© 2001 LexisNexis a division of Reed Elsevier Inc All rights reserved 2 of2 11-L-0559 OSD 399 7124 01 5 28 AM t an u - 11-' Kt Ull - 1 a1 1 num 0 Source All Sources News Major Newspapers Terms cal thomas and date geq 01 24 2001 Edit Search THE DALLAS MORNING NEWS May 4 2001 Copyright 2001 The Dallas Morning News The Dallas Morning News May 4 2001 Friday THIRD EDITION SECTION VIEWPOINTS Pg 31A CAL THOMAS LENGTH 628 words HEADLINE Missile defense sensible BYLINE Cal Thomas BODY It always has been a mystery as to why the left so viscerally opposes a missile defense system When Ronald Reagan first proposed such a plan the left mocked it as Star Wars a fantastical delusion about as realistic as the George Lucas movie of the same name On Tuesday President Bush laid out a philosophical and geopolitical rationale for a missile defense system that was even better than Mr Reagan's In a speech at the National Defense University in Washington Mr Bush noted that the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty which implied that the survival of the Soviet Union and United States was best assured by leaving both countries defenseless to each other's nuclear missiles no longer is valid Such a policy ratified the philosophy of the nuclear age that mutual assured destruction was the best deterrent to nuclear war Everything has changed since 1972 The Soviet Union is no more and the threat of nuclear attack has shifted from one nation to several smaller nations Any one of those countries might use the threat of a nuclear attack on an American city to deter U S intervention against an assault on its allies Mr Bush rightly called for moving beyond the constraints of the 30-year-old ABM Treaty He said clinging to it enshrines the past When Mr Reagan proposed a missile defense system the central question was whether the technology existed to make it a reality Several tests have produced mixed results Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld says he is persuaded that the technology now exists or soon will be developed Why shouldn't he be believed Some people thought it fantastic when John F Kennedy pledged in the early 1960s to land Americans on the moon by the end of the decade The goal was met 17 months early We had faith in our skills then Have we now lost that faith During the Cold War those opposed to missile defense believed that such a system - even research into its feasibility - could increase the likelihood of war That is a silly argument something like believing your chances of being burglarized are increased if you put a sign on the door that your home is protected by either an alarm system or a gun As for the attitude of other nations there is no reason for them to oppose an American missile defense system unless they intend to attack the United States America's enemies are spreading nuclear chemical and biological technologies to rogue states and terrorist groups around the world Those are people who care nothing about their own citizens much less inhabitants of other nations Some' believe they have a religious mandate I of2 11-L-0559 OSD 400 7 24 018 50 AM · to kill infidels Others worship their politics Why shouldn't we use all of the expertise at our disposal to do what is necessary to preserve protect and defend the United States and our interests abroad Mr Bush threw a large bone to the left when he coupled his proposal with the possibility of further reductions in our nuclear weapons stockpile We can and will change the size the composition the character of our nuclear forces in a way that reflects the reality that the Cold War is over We won't need as many nuclear weapons if we have a system in place to shoot down any missiles that might be launched toward American territory An enemy will think more than twice about attacking the United States if he knows that his attack will be repelled and that he will be left vulnerable to a counterattack Although the president pledges to be in regular consultation with our allies and Congress his proposal to build a missile defense system puts America and American interests first which is where the country and those interests ought to be Cal Thomas' column is distributed by Tribune Media Services LOAD-DATE May 5 2001 0 Source All Sources News Major Newspapers Terms cal thomas and date geq 01 2412001 Edit Search View Full Date Time Tuesday July 24 2001 -10 47 AM EDT About LexisNex1s I Terms and Conditions Coovriaht © 2001 LexisNexis a division of Reed Elsevier Inc All rights reserved 2 of2 11-L-0559 OSD 401 7124 01 8 50 AM ·- j -- '' · As of July 25 2001 9 00 a m 7 ADDENDUM T Q THE READ AHEAD FOR SECRETARY R AS CAL THOMAS INTERVIEW LA TIMES SYNDICATE f FROM Te e e1°ke 703-697-9143 JUL 2 6 20 Time Location July 26 1 00-1 30 p m SecDef Office After reading the Wash Times coverage of your session with them yesterday Mr Thomas e-mailed us specifically requesting that you look into the issues of homosexuals in the military and women in combat He intends to ask you about those topics at tomorrow's interview Reccommendation Maintain your current practice of not commenting with any substance on these issues Your handling of them at the Wash Times session was appropriate it confines debate to the matters at hand and avoids adding extraneous issues Attachment Cal Thomas e-mail Prepared by Maj Jay Steuck OASD PA 703-697-7385 11-L-0559 OSD 402 Sffr Jr Page I ot I Steuck Jay Maj OASD-PA - _ From JCTLATSYN@aol com Sent Wednesday July 25 2001 7 30 AM To Jay Steuck@osd mil Subject Re Secretary of Defense interview July Dear Major Steuck - I read the Secretary's interview in today's Washington Times One thing I noticed is that he said he had no time to look into the socialization my word of the military regarding women in combat and the gays in the military controversy Would you kindly ask him if he has a moment to look into it before I see him on Thursday It is one of the questions I had that many people are conciarned about and I would appreciate a more detailed answer Thanks Cal Thomas P O Box 20809 Alexandria Va 22320- 1809 7125101 11-L-0559 OSD 403 July 23 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz Doug Feith Steve Cambone Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld 1 25 PM SUBJECT Missile Defense Here is a good article by General McCaffrey on missile defense Attach July 2001 Armed Forces Journal International article by Barry R McCaffrey Challenges to US National Security The Imperative of Ballistic Missile Defense DHR dh 072301-36 U12781 01 11-L-0559 OSD 404 Challt nges To US Na 11r• s sec Security JDl i 0 1 The Imperative Of Ballistic Missile Defense· T he United States is now fully engaged in an increasingly hea_ted debate over the wisdom and feas1b1hty of developing and deploying a Missile Defense MD against deliberate or accidental attacks with weapons of mass destruction WMD Whether such attacks are targeted at regional US allies forward-deployed US forces or directly against the US mainland the threat is real and demands action The importance of the ultimate Missile Defense decision could rank with the transatlantic consensus reached following World War II on the Soviet Cold War threat to the West Our final conclusion must be based on careful judgment and the absence of partisan warfare Strategists legislators and defense intellectuals have struggled during the past 1S years with the issues of deterring nuclear warfare and developing global treaties to slow or halt WMD proliferation and the transfer of fissile material missile technology and weapons design data We should be enormously proud of our patient and incremental work to defuse the potential global disaster that menaced us at the height of the Cold War when both superpowers were poised on hair-trigger alert to unleash an exchange of 24 000 total nuclear weapons All of us who lived through this long night of looming Armageddon ought to vow that we will never again tolerate a deterrence strategy based on such insane levels of mutual danger But nuclear deterrence also helped keep the peace with less resource expenditure for massive standing armies and despite the seeming madness of a strategy based on mutually assured destruction the bi-polar balance of power created an arguably more stable and predictable world than the one we live in today With the end of the Cold War the twin pillars of Mutual Assured Destruction MAD and the 1972 ABM Treaty no longer provide the assurance to our allies our armed forces and our 281-million people that we will not be at risk of political-military blackmail and the threat of a first strike by an international rogue state with missiles tipped with chemicals biological agents or nuclear warheads The North Koreans tested a 1 300-kilomctcr missile in 1993 On 31August1998 they successfully achieved third-stage separation 6 of a Taepo Dong-I mi ssile In the coming decade they may successfully develop the Taepo Dong-2 which will be four times the size of its predecessor and capable of hitting the US with a nuclear warhead Without question the Iraqis also now have a theater missile capability and could possibly create a small ICBM force in the coming 10 to 1S years In September 2000 Iran successfully tested the Shahab 3 solid-fuel missile with a range far in excess of the Israeli frontiers Of supreme concern to Europe Libya has now received the first of This ts thejirst 91 periodic commentaries entitled Challenges To US National Security by retired fouNtar Army General B_arry McCajfrey His essays In our Journal will bring to bear on current national security issues the experiences be gained during 36 years of publtc service as a military ojftcer and Admtntstratton Cabinet officer McCa ffrey's extensive combat service included the award of three Purple Heart medals for wounds received in action as well as twice being awarded the Army Distinguished Service Cross-the nation's second-highest award for valor He served in senior joint mtltta y assignments at NATO HQ the JCS and as CtnC US Southern Command and as the strategic planner for the Army Staff He was awarded the State Department's Superior Honor Award for tbe SXART II Treaty negotiations while serving as General Coltn Powell's assistant Hts poltttcaZ mtlttary experience included extensive work on issues In the Balkans the Middle East the Americas the Pacific Rim Europe and the FSU states McCajfrey now serves as the Oltn Distinguished Professor of National Security Studies in the Department of Social Sciences at West Potnt He previously served nearly pve years as tbe White House Director of National Drug Control Poltcy dealtng wttb tbe global problems of addiction violence and corruption Editor's Note SO North Korean No Dong missiles Libya should have little difficulty in creating a rudimentary nerve agent or biological bomblet capability in the coming decade The missile-threat picture in the coming decades must also take into account the Armed Forces Journal INl1 JINATIONAL I July 2001 11-L-0559 OSD 405 Increasing poverty and security incompetence of an unraveling Russian nation sitting on enough fissile material for 60 000 to 80 000 weapons The UN International Atomic Energy Agency estimates that the decades of Cold War confrontation left a global legacy of more than three-million kilograms of fissile material Fortunately there is something we can do to protect our allies deployed US military forces and America in the coming decade The United States must provide the leadership for a diplomatic and military coalition of international partners primarily based on NATO Japan Korea and the friendly Persian Gulf oil states to produce an effective multi-layered Missile Defense capability to protect against these threats and changing international politics There is no question that within IS years a US-EuropeanRussian-Japanese science-engineering coalition will have the required technology to create a multi-layered Missile Defense MD and an integrated sea-based Theater Ballistic Missile Defense fBMD The purpose of such a coordinated effort would be the deterrence of rogue states from creating funding and deploying an ICBM or theater missile WMD warhead tlµ'c at The key to successful deterrence of this threat will be the existence of both a substantial US retaliation and first-strike preemptive capability as well as a layered Missile Defense system with a very high probability of destroying a missile attack by a rogue actor or knocking down an accidentally launched missile A sea-based boost-phase missile defense system with a limited protective umbrella would not threaten the second-strike retaliatory capability of a country with the physical size of China or Russia We cannot accept open skies and pieces of paper as our sole safe- •JWN• o ot ' ' ° ' _ edge tbat UH Cbl a• seem to _ new •• rlly f OfUJtllll to rq _ tbe 1972 ABM l'H#ly tbat °longer Jn'ON '8 -' '- lb• U•llMI SllllU or 11ltwuly --'- of llHtlr l h fortrNr SOflln Union guards against accidental launch or rogue state threat of attack Deterrence will not be successful if Missile Defense is the sole new initiative We also need to create a new security concept to replace the 1972 ABM Treaty that no longer protects either the United States or the for mer Soviet Union Russia could be expected to accept a negotiated security arrangement that will provide it with both the political recognition'that country needs as well as substantial Nuiui Lugar funding to reduce from the 1996 START II weapons · levels of 3 000 to 3 500 wadleads to a much lower threat posture 9f 1 500 war- · heads or less Russia and the US must also' cooperatively examine the protocols required to take national nuclear forces off hair-trigger alert and build a 72-hour delay in the possible nuclear re_sponse capability - IJ HINAI• D tn·rnu • wlll #01 h nu Ha•Jid if MlaalkD•fanHI# tbr iloi fH#I l•lNative W• also _ to ·• Across the political spe tru we are seei g growing indications of support'for this vi-· tally needed measure President Bush Senator Daschle Senator Lugar former Senator Nunn and others have signaled a willingness to consider this dramatic move for nuclear deescalation The time to act on this concept is now Moscow's leaders should be soundly assured by their own intelligence analysis that no likely US Missile Defense Strategy in the coming 20 years could possibly protect the US from a Russian response from mobile land-based and submarine-launched nuclear firing units Furthermore revisions to the J M tr eaty are • uired to allqw e Missile Defense sci n­ tific creative process to seriously begin un der current provisions our US scientific- en gineering community is prohibited from dOing any real analysis and testing of sea- based airborne or space-based systems Such treaty revisions ideally should be legitimized by respectful consultations first with our NATO allies and then with the Russians If these consultations fail we must be prepared to walk away from the treaty unilaterally and design a new deter· · rence concept for debate that better reflects the realities of a post-Cold War world There are obviously mapy perils as we move to rapidly create a new concept of' US and NATO nuclear deterrence sc tjt to replace the outmoded MAD c es- - · 1 of the Cold War period Whether the us- produces a Missile Defense or not we must acknowledge that the Chinese seem to WIHIMr llH US a Mlull• W o• a _ Tin •oHnffjil lo I Of Mu•li •u th-- dlplo#Ullk and •-rlly -nffllltl nu NtJ•ln KH' polllk __111 static ZO-ICBM fore J •dlJ JHtl wllb 3-nuig1110n _r _ wisdom 7 VS W U · - •llllJ f•I -lltJCllw -1 01MUona wllb lb have already embarked on a massive expansion of their current static 20 ICBM force equipped with 3-mcgaton warheads We should not be surprised to see a ten-fold Increase in the Chinese ICBM nuclear mis- sile threat to include a new class of ballistic missile submarines with multiple warheads-as well as DF31 and DF41 mobile solid-fuel rockets that the US could not target for either a first or second strike Many of these arguments against Missile Defense are not logically persuasive but they do mask an understandable fear of the arms-control consequences of creating a new Grand Bargain Nonetheless within a decade the US can-without questionbuild a serious layered Missile Defense system made up of Ground-Based Intercept sites in Alaska and North Dakota supplemented by achievable modifications to our 27 sea-based Aegis guided missile cruisers and our total of 57 planned Aegis guided missile destroyers Within a generation revolutionary technologies can be fielded such as space-based laser systems or an Air Force flying platform with a boost-phase airborne laser t t1f'rlMI Of course the loss of US secret nuclear · weapons data to China through espionage as well as the commercial sale·of US missile technology during the past eight years has exacerbated the problem This has created a tough situation Tue Chinese expansion of their nuclear attack capability appears to be already under way preceding any possible stimulus of US Missile Defense Clearly the Chinese need to be engaged by V S • diplomatic and militacy leadership fo nrlti-· gate' this ongoirig expansion of the Chinese nuclear threat Similarly we will need sustained and candid diplomacy with India and Pakistan to avoid a secondary response in South Asia to the expected Chinese nu c 1ear Wlldighti Qg enhancements • · ' There will be great security uncertainties on the part of our allies as the US moves ahead with Missile Defense however this is a course of action we simply cannot avoid unless we are willing to leave the-American people at risk Of possibly s'U fc ™11 o of casualties sometime dl ting tfie coming o de ades ·rhc scicndftc velopment of Missile Defense and 'the associated diplo- matic and security concepts will require great' polltical·milltary wisdom by the US as will as skillful colle tivc negotiations with the' tiiteniationai community The Rumsfeld Commission's Juli 1998 Report points the way We also must caretUlly consider the counter-arguments such as those posed by the Nunn-Turner NudearTbreat Mtiative · '• The technological luddltes among us believe that the required technology to achieve a successful US Missile Defense and Theater Ballistic Missile Defense is not achievable Others argue that we would stupidly bankrupt ourselves in the process of achieving this initial capability to counter threats such as those posed by Iraq Libya and North Korea But the massive savings achieved in r ducing the us nuclear force down'to 1 500 pom will in large-part mltigite the cost of an 'dfeetive Missile Defense Armed forces Journal INil RNA110NAL I July 2001 11-L-0559 OSD 406 _ o_I COllHllNnlly All change both good and bad is resisted with equal intensity In the end the Russians will not be our enemy again They cannot afford it and we must not allow it But we cannot in good conscience fail to confront a growing vulnerability with an effective US ballistic missile defense It is no exaggeration to suggest that we may face the prospect of millions killed and maimed sometime in'future years if we do not begin to act effectively-and soon Turning to history we recall the frightened allied political leaders in 1941 who pointed with alarm to the enormous vulnerability of the heavily defended British Fortress of Singapore to Japanese army ground attack from the Malaysian peninsula Lt Gen Arthur Percival the British•jolnt command er refused to seriously consider this fatal weakness to his sea-oriented strategy stating I believe that defenses of the sort that you want to throw up are bad for the morale of troops and civilians AU through the recorded history of warfare each advance of military offensive capability has required the creation of a credible defense-or it invited the one· sided slaughter of the vulnerable US Missile Defense and Theater Ballistic Missile Defense are now scientifically possible To develop the needed technology the nation must summon the political will through reasoned political debate Internationally there remains a clear challenge for the United States and NATO to use new initiatives in diplomacy and cooperative security to halt the inexorable slide of the global community into ever-greater risk of destruction The time to act is now • 7 snowflake July 23 2001 TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld 8 33 AM 0 - SUBJECT Project Here are the materials the head of GAO left Let's get working on the project Thanks Attach GAO Publication Major Management Challenges and Program Risks DHR dh 072301-g -0 U12784 01 11-L-0559 OSD 407 United States General Accounting Oft ice GAO Perfonnance and Accountability Series January 2001 Major Managenient Challenges and Prograni Risks Department of Defense c ' fc v i it ' ·'···· GAO GA0-01-244 11-L-0559 OSD 408 ···· - DOD BUSINESS PROCESS TRANSFORMATION -A WAY FORWARD May 14 2001 DRAFT I CURRENT CHALLENGES · ···· • • II H0 W DID WE GET WHERE WE ARE • • • • • • III There is substantial waste inefficiency and ineffectiveness in DOD's current busineM Jlt t processes DOD has six of twenty-one agency specific high risk areas i e systems modernization financial management infrastructure management inventory management weapons systems acquisition contract management The two government-wide high risk areas also apply to DOD i e human capital strategy computer security These weaknesses can put DOD's mission performance at risk DOD is the primary obstacle to a clean opinion on the consolidated financial statements of the U S government There is a significant imbalance between DOD's wants versus related needs and overall affordability given the long range budget pressures resulting from known demographic trends and escalating health care costs DOD's cultures and approaches are resistant to change hierarchical process-oriented stovepiped and internally focused service vs service services vs SecDef civilian vs uniformed too many layers components and too many players systems self interest vs collective best interest ownership- vs stewardship Inadequate emphasis on budget execution inappropriate success measures and lack of accountability - get money spend money hit milestones vs get results that are costlbeneflcial the I have a dream mentality in connection with weapons systems current acquisition processes result in DOD getting some of what they want but not enough of what they need Lack of sustained attention from the very top i e turnover time background and interest Lack of clear institutional lines of responsibility and accountability i e who's in charge and what are the consequences for not following their lead Lack of incentives and consequences i e people and financial resources Failure to pursue DOD-wide business process enterprise solutions and shared service concepts Limited Congressional and Executive Branch oversight KEY REFORM ELEMENTS The keys to business process reform are • Address DOD management challenges in an interrelated manner-to achieve an integrated enterprise-wide solution • Secretary of Defense must provide visible leadership and be committed to reform • Establish clear lines of responsibility authority and accountability that are tied to the Secretary • Give accountable officials decision making authority and funding control for business transformation and related projects • Maximize the use of best practices • Put results oriented performance measures incentives penalties and accountability mechanisms in place • Have periodic internal and external reporting and oversight 11-L-0559 OSD 409 DOD BUSINESS PROCESS TRANSFORMATION - A WAY FORWARD May 14 2001 DRAFT Iv ONE POTENTIAL OPTION FOR ADDRESSING THESE CHALLENGES • V A variety of options could be used to address the problems This potential option sets forth a management structure and associated processes for achieving business process transformation at DOD It addresses the key reform elements including the need for more top level attention within DOD maximizing the use of best practices providing top-level control over resource and development activities focusing on achieving results increasing incentives and accountability and enhancing oversight by the executive and legislative branches Major features of the option are Add a new Deputy Secretary of Defense for who would focus on business process transformation The Deputy would have a term appointment of at least 5-7 years and the potential for re-appointment • Form a high level DOD Transformation Council or Board headed by the new Deputy and comprised of top level stakeholders from within DOD e g CFO CIO CHCO CAO CLO Services and advisors from outside of DOD e g OMB and Treasury • The council or board should have a broad charter to achieve business transformation in an integrated fashion The council or board should have resource allocation authority over business process and associated business information system change decisions to include • Limiting further investment in existing legacy business information systems • Developing a DOD-wide set of integrated enterprise architectures to guide and constrain business system enhancements • Ensuring business system investments are not approved unless they are compliant with relevant architectures or otherwise approved for a waiver and • Identify opportunities for introducing commercial best practices particularly with respect to DOD's weapon system acquisition process including assuring that key weapon system acquisition decision points milestones are supported by adequate information • In the short term minimizing the resources spent on the annual financial audits to the level necessary to determine the auditability of the statements and shifting audit resources to identifying and correcting underlying financial management problems that are hindering the preparation of accurate financial statements and other management information • Establish a unified investment account for all proposed business process and business information system resource investments • Provide periodic reporting to the Executive Branch and the Congress with periodic validation of reported information DESIRED RESULT • • • • • • • • • Billions of dollars will eventually be freed up for defense priorities through eliminating waste and inefficiency in existing business processes Tie resource allocations to corporate level decision making Mission risk is reduced i e better business support processes and accountability More informed basis for weapon system acquisition decisions Elimination of the primary obstacle to a clean opinion on the consolidated financial statements of the U S government Enhanced budget integrity and execution information Enhanced implementation of management reform legislation e g CFO GPRA and Clinger-Cohen Enhanced public image and confidence in DOD stewardship of resources and assets Developing a financial management information systems initiative that could serve as a model for an integrated government-wide financial system 2 11-L-0559 OSD 410 snowflake July25 2001 rv 6 37 AM TO Gordon England FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Replacement for Vieques I CJ Here is an article on Guantanamo Bay as a replacement for Vieques What do you think Attach July 2001 Marine Corps Gazette Guantanamo Bay The Replacement forVieques DHR dh 072501-1 -c U12646 02 11-L-0559 OSD 411 Guantanamo Bay The Replacement for Vieques JUL 2s 2001 by Capt Ivan I Monclova There is a viable alternative to realistic live fire training for east coast MEUs and supporting naval forces • I S ince the bombing accident in Vieques that led to the death of some of the support personnel there training for both the Navy and the Marine Corps has suffered The ind· dent served as a flash point so that the locals could demand that the Vieques impact and training areas be returned and for training to cease Everyone is familiar with the long hiatus of training after the bombing incident and the events that led to the partial reopening of the ranges However we are still conducting only limited training especially where naval gunfire and the use of live ordnance is concerned The United States spent $90 million for the continued lease of the ranges in Vieques Despite the millions spent the future of this facility is still in jeopardy as the strong public senti· ment in Puerto Rico against our use of the island continues There has been a search for a new training ground that has spanned from the east coast to Scotland However the solution is simple and not far away from Puerto Rico-Guantanamo Bay Gitmo Cuba Gitmo is capable of replacing all training functions that Vieques provides and more I have conducted training in Vieques where I had the opportunity to conduct light armored vehicle lAV gunnery mortar air and naval gunfire Additionally we conducted amphibious landings and tactical operations ashore I have spent the last 2 years in Gitmo as a company commander and am intimately famil iar with the ranges and facilities aboard the base There is no doubt that Gitmo not only offers more live fire training opportunities than Vieques but also tactical training The current air officer at Guantanamo Bay Capt Caleb Jones has led the vanguard on researching and pushing the Navy to recognize the value of Gitmo I believe that the Navy and Marine Corps should immediately abandon Vieques move all training to Gitmo and save the taxpayers millions in wast· ed dollars The result would be poten· tia11y the finest amphibious training facility the world has ever seen Gitmo was the center for naval training for years and the Atlantic Fleet used to use its neighboring waters for wargames and naval gun· fire When not training they were able to use the shelter of one of the best deep-water ports in the world For more than 40 years both tenant and visiting tactical aviation TacAir artillery naval gun fire and infantry units utilized the base The training center was moved from Guantanamo to Puerto Rico in the 1980s in an effort to consolidate commands and facilities so as to save money Guantanamo Bay is now a minimally maintained installation in an attempt to lower overall operating costs for the Navy It has several ranges but the largest is Hicacal Range which remains very active with weekly use by mortars heavy machineguns Mkl9s and small arms from the Marine Corps security 1 ' i l J i J j - '· Figure 1 Left Outline of the portion of impact area that contains air targets Right Vieques impact area overlaid on Hlcacal air target area Manne Corps Gazettef t July2001 40 11-L-0559 OSD 412 J force unit stationed onboard the base positions on Gitmo that fire into the mortars and artillery Soon naval gunThe last air and 155mm artillery were Hicacal impact area Artillery can be fire could be combined with this The fired back in 1994 The ranges in landed emplaced fired displaced other airfield is inactive and cannot Gitmo are still active and ready to and more The artillery safety box support fixed-wing aviation however for Gun Position #l GP #l and a accept TacAir artillery mortars lAV it presents unique training opportunicomparison with Vieques' impact and tank gunnery right now A special ties These include airfield seizure area is shown in Figure 3 operations capable Marine expediraids and a noncombant evacuation tionary unit or MEU SOC could operation NEO site This can all be Air Facilities deploy today for Gitmo and conduct incorporated into a robust ground Gitmo possesses two airfields one live fire from every organic weapons maneuver package active and one inactive The active airsystem they possess with perhaps the Ground Training field at 8 000 feet is capable of hanexception of TOW missiles This is dling most military aircraft There due to the large surface danger zone of There are numerous surface-fired weapons ranges for mortars greexists a tower facilities hangars fuel the TOW' s rear blast area not the ammunition storage bunkers crash nades tanks LAVs 50 caliber maximum range of the weapon Every machineguns and small arms There crew etc Use of live ordnance is aviation platform the Marine Corps is even a fully operational known disauthorized in Hicacal unlike Vieques and Navy possesses can conduct live tance rifle range A plafire strafing and bombing toon of tanks M60s was on Hicaca1 Range Reonce a permanent part of cently a 5-inch 54 and 5the barracks and conductinch 62 naval surface fire ed gunnery upon the support feasibility study Hicacal Range on a reguwas approved by the lar basis A military operaCenter for Naval Analysis tions on urbanized terrain CNA for Hicacal Range MOU ' facility in the The Vieques impact form of abandoned housarea is 8 square miles ing areas and barracks Hicacal encompasses 2 5 exists that would require a square miles Figure 1 minimum amount of efshows a to-scale comparifort to make into a trainson of Hicacal impact area ing facility There is an with the Vieques impact unused airfield for airfield area superimposed The seizures NEOs forward Hicaca1 impact area is arming and refueling about equivalent to the N points FARPs and other • G-10 impact area in • • II • Figure z MEU SOC training misCamp Lejeune Fragmentation impact area ranges and artillery gun positions sions The residents of Figure 2 is an overall Gitmo all active duty or map o f Guantanamo civilians who support base Bay and shows some of operations are expected the existing facilities to be ready to be evacuatand ranges upon the ed on a moment's notice base A discussion of and are used to conduct some of the more regular evacuation drills salient opportunities is Each time a MEU SOC next which focuses on unit arrived a simulated artillery air ground NEO could be executed naval gunfire and maraccomplishing two training itime prepositioning goals sinrultaneously Prison force MPF training camps line the coast and there are several others far illery ther inland for realistic Until May 1996 a bat· Figure J raid rescue and inextremis ery six guns of Ml98 GP # 1 safety box located within solid line at Hlcacal with comparison to hostage rescue training l55mm howitzers was Vleques impact area outlined within dotted line GPs #2 and 3 are Camps were abandoned in very similar tationed with the 1997 Amphibious training Marine barracks Up to will not be diluted on Gitmo since there There are strafing targets and vehicle 1994 10th Marines sent a detachare beaches that support LCM LCU arms hulks to fire upon Combined nent to Gitmo to shoot the barracks' LCAC rigid raiding craft combat rub training is possible with marking and attery annually or semiannually ber reconnaissance craft landings Since suppression of targets allowed by both rhere are several prepared artillery 41 Manne CorpsGauue'Cl july200 1 11-L-0559 OSD 413 the Hicacal impact area is equivalent in size to G-10 impact area at Camp Lejeune east coast Marines will have a comfortable feel for what can be accomplished with such an area Finally there are other portions of the base that provide ample room for maneuver areas for tactical exercises environmental impacts etc do not need to be conduct ed to transform Gitmo intc the ultimate training faciJi ty-everything already exisu there Every range is a certi· fied active range ready for use right now Only naval gunfire on Hicacal needs tc be ironed out but is feasible Instead of spending $90 mil· lion on Vieques let's aban Naval Gunfire Gitmo enjoys a deepdon it and be done with the political troubles there water port capable of holding any ship in the Navy's The final issue is one o1 inventory and has the facili- McCalla Field unused for airfield selzure NEO rald fARP political concern Many ties available to refuel and might think that such a comparison to the high standard of livsustain them Naval gunfire was conramp up in military training might ducted on Gitmo in the past but ing and liberty offered to our servicehave a negative impact with Cuba The fact is that we have used this fired only at towed targets out to sea members who support training there However now that approval from base in the past to conduct all of The sunk costs have been enormous the CNA for naval surface fires has the training that has been proposed and the thought of abandoning trainbeen received the Hicacal Range ing there appears like an admission of without overly concerning the defeat However training in Puerto with some additional work and estabCubans It would be a resumption lishing procedures could handle of training to a level that once exist· Rico is becoming untenable and not naval gunfire Naval units will have worth the cost There is a requirement ed Politically it would ease tensions with Puerto Rico and we the ability to conduct tactical trainfor both the Navy and Marine Corps to ing at sea within the huge warning could return their island to them fully train their personnel prior to area that is already in existence Just imagine if half of the $90 mildeploying them into harm's way and that training is available W- 1001 The potential for amlion spent on appeasing the Puerto phibious and carrier battle Ricans on Vieques was put toward upgrading Gitmo's groups to conduct training is obvious existing facilities and creating new ones The Marine Support Facilities Corps must seize the moment and make the move The base is operational with a fully functional hosquickly Within months not years an amphibious trainpital and large bivouac areas that already have ing center like none we have head and shower facilities had in decades if ever could be fully operational The ammunition supply East coast MEU SOC depoint is very large and ployments and carrier battle naval air and ground ordgroups can then go into nance can all be stored in harm's way fully trained and the ammo bunkers The ready to execute the myriad port is operational with of missions they are expectheavy cranes fuel moor- Unused housing areas for MOUT training also abandoned bared to accomplish ings water etc MPF could rodts for same purpose use the port as well There Guantanamo Bay offers a unique are large warehouse facilities and opportunity that should be used It apron space on which to place the rolling stock of an MPF ship espesupports every kind of training that the Marine Corps and the Navy once ially the abandoned airfield Capt Monclova recently graduated from conducted at Vieques and has the Amphibious Warfare School A-W S where this potential for far more There are over article won first place in the A -W S Conclusion Professional iting Award requirement He 300 days of sun each year providing Puerto Rico is a beautiful country is currently serving at Officer Candidates year-around training in the same way hat once supported some of the trainSchool and will join 2d Light Armored that Vieques once did Live fire comng that tested the Marine Corps' fledgReconnaissance Battalion at Camp Lefeune bined arms and unique training faciling amphibious doctrine Its training this fall ities are ready for use Huge amounts 'acilities are excellent and the facilities of money studies range certifications here are world class There can be no MmimCmpsGazettetlJuly200l 42 11-L-0559 OSD 414 snowflake July 25 2001 10 17 AM TO Tom White FROM Donald Rumsfeld J L yl' SUBJECT Joint Training I met with Washington Times journalists yesterday and they tell me that discipline is down in the Army ever since they started having joint training with women Do you know anything about that Thank DHR dh onsot-23 U12643 11-L-0559 OSD 415 02 snowflake July 26 200112 28 PM TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT OSD Manning Please get me a piece of paper that shows me how many people work in each one of the OSD activities I was told today there are 1 200 people in the OSD Inspector General's office I need a piece of paper that shows it across the board If you are the wrong person ask David Chu to get it He may be the right one Thanks DHR dh 072601-19 11-L-0559 OSD 416 snowflake July 26 2001 3 28 PM SUBJECT Staff Meetings At the next staff meeting I want to ask everyone to bring me ideas they have for improving their organization so that others can hear about them For example Tom White is going down to three layers between himself the action officer and the Secretariat He is merging a lot of offices He is going from a total staff of 3 000 to 500 with no one-on-ones DHR dh 072601-28 U12650 11-L-0559 OSD 417 02 snowflake July 26 2001 3 36 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld x SUBJECT Staff Consolidation Please get a study done as to how we could do something with the Joint Staff I don't see why they should have separate Public Affairs General Counsel and Policy shops We have that at OSD Get me a breakdown of how Joint Staff is organized so we can be thinking about what we might want to do Thanks DHR dh 072601-2 0 U12647 02 11-L-0559 OSD 418 snowflake - July 26 2001 4 37 PM SUBJECT JROC JROC is not doing the job There is no budget line for integration We need to review programs The real issue is What are you trying to do What are you trying to accomplish The system doesn't even answer that question or even pose it DHR dh 072601-35 U12648 02 11-L-0559 OSD 419 -c - snowflake July27 2001 TO Larry Di Rita CC David Chu Jim Haynes FROM Donald Rumsfeld 12 18 PM SUBJECT Reimbursable Rate I want to change our reimbursable rate for detailees so it incorporates all costs including lifetime healthcare We are getting destroyed We have to get a good figure and then we have to figure out how to get it implemented DHR db 072701-8 U12651 02 11-L-0559 OSD 420 snowflake July 30 2001 9 48 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Treaties · 1 need a briefing on what all these treaties are-IMF CBTB etc -all the ones I am going to be talking to Ivanov about 1need a paragraph or a single page basically stating what each treaty does and what the principal provisions are that affect us and affect them-but not a lot of detail Thanks DHR dh 073001-1 Lu 0 c - Ul 3266 01 11-L-0559 OSD 421 snowflake July30 2001 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 10 02 AM SUBJECT Senator Graham I want to have a meeting with Bob Graham on the subject of missile defense and deterrence Please see if he can come down here for breakfast some morning-just Wolfowitz Graham Cambone me Allow 1Y2 hours If he wants to bring another Senator along he could suggest who it might be He is interested in a lot of subjects and he wants to know that people are thinking about these subjects He is interested in small nucs disproportionate power having only 16 minutes to make a decision and how it looks from the standpoint of a President Thanks DHR clh 073001-3 U12656 02 11-L-0559 OSD 422 snowflake July 31 2001 7 21 AM TO Peter Rodman Rumsfeld--y FROM Donald SUBJECT Statement of Principles In the meeting you will recall that the Defense Minister of Austral a said he was hoping to have some sort of a statement of principles in September concerning the Navy We better think through what that is going to be between now and then Thanks DHR dh 073101-1 11-L-0559 OSD 423 Uf4527 01 July 31 2001 8 27 AM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Oil We ought to have on our radar screen the subject of oil-Venezuela the Caucauses Indonesia-anywhere we think it may exist and how it fits into our strategies Thanks DHR dh 073101-16 0 _ U1 665 11-L-0559 OSD 424 02 July 31 2001 8 30 AM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld V SUBJECT Congressional Restrictions We ought to look at the various Congressional restrictions that exist around the world-like on Indonesia Azerbaijan and so forth-and think through which ones if any we want to try to get Congress to moderate or change in some way Thanks DHR dh 073101-17 - -U12666 02 11-L-0559 OSD 425 • snowflake July 31 2001 TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld 10 24 AM SUBJECT Baseline How do you do an across-the-board cut if you don't have a good baseline Ifwe can't figure out where our detailees are how do we know how many actual employees we have in the various entities that would be cut back DBR dh 073101-22 -f J J t-e ll _ n -'cA k 1 fil J r 4o ·A· vi o k n r 1 11-L-0559 OSD 426 ' j ' - snowflake July 31 2001 3 24 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Legislation Please find out who can figure out what kind of legislative changes we might want to make with respect to military construction and let's get it fashioned a0 Thanks C7 Attach Ul2043 01 SecDef memo to Di Rita dtd 7 5 01 DHR dh 073101-45 - Ul2662 02 11-L-0559 OSD 427 snowflake July 31 2001 3 34 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Reductions I just noticed that the total SecDef office is civilian 27 military 29 for a total of 56 Why don't we get it down so it is roughly equal military and civilian and reduce the number down to at least 40-45 Why don't you come back with a proposal as to how you propose to do that Thanks DHR dh 073101-48 U12661 02 11-L-0559 OSD 428 August 1 2001 9 01 AM J tt- OC' jJ °i T 0 Doug Feith CC Paul Wolfowitz Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Lisa at the NSC There is a woman named Lisa on the NSC staff who works on consequence management I heard her brief when I was on the Gilmore Commission looking at homeland defense She is impressive We ought to take a look and see if we want to bring her over to the Pentagon Thanks DHR dh 080101-5 - Ul4221 Ot 11-L-0559 OSD 429 snowflake August 1 2001 9 43 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Congressional Relations I have to keep doing Congressional relations I have to have a breakfast a lunch or a 5 00 p m event with members of Congress several times a week or I have to go up on the Hill and meet with different groups like the Illinois delegation or whatever 0 'J J We are not doing as much as we should Thanks DHR dh 080101-14 - U12673 02 11-L-0559 OSD 430 snowflake TO Steve Cambone J D Crouch cc Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE August 3 2001 SUBJECT z c v ' 6' v l- Article from The Atlantic Monthly J Here's an interesting article that says Russia is finished Thanks DHR azn 080301 01 Attach Russia is Finished The Atlantic Monthly May 2001 by Jeffrey Tayler Ul3551 01 11-L-0559 OSD 431 I 1 nt 1-uianul j lYtay c uu 1 I KWiSta 1s r IIUsnt u I 1ay1t r _ _ - CUdi here for dw cuncnt ·· _ _ Home Current Issue Archive Forum Site Guide Feedback Search Subscribe Renew Gift Subscription Subscriber Help Browse Books Critics Fiction Food Foreign Affairs Language Poetry Pages Politics Society Science Technology Travel Pursuits Get TransAtlantic our free e-mail newsletter Contents I May 2001 In This Issue Contributors More on foreign affairs from The Atlantic Monthly From the archives Where Europe Vanishes November 2000 The story of the Republic of Georgia illustrates that the peoples of the Caucasus may prove as incapable of selfrule as they were resistant to rule by outsiders By Robert D Kaplan The Future Did Not Work March 2000 The fall of the Soviet Union has stimulated an abundance of postmortems on communism and its place in the twentieth century By J Arch Getty ARTS fr ENTERTAINMENT PREVIEW i@ y ' l V L Cilek here to SUBSGllBE- ' 1 · d _- 111I · • 0 · ' - · No Rlsk _ _ _ ___ lit L i1S21 IL t J Qffil ' L I I I™ Ilill SUBSCRIBE IO THE ATLANTIC The Atlantic Monthly I May 2001 Russia Is Finished The unstoppable descent of a once great power into social catastrophe and strategic irrelevance BY JEFFREY TAYLER D uring the Cold War years I perceived Russia through a Cold War prism-as a land of vast frozen twilight realms of steppe and forest where a drama was being acted out that involved players of satanic evil or saintly good and doctrines that promised either mankind's salvation or its ruin I developed a passion for the country a passion that derived in part from a weighty postulate that what happened there concerned not only Russians but the rest of the world In its Soviet incarnation Russia had nuclear weapons and a powerful military a threatening and subversive ideology a tendency to invade its neighbors or meddle in their affairs and the might to wreak havoc on other continents Russians I came to know spoke of the future of their country as if it would be the fate of humanity and I agreed with them Intrigued by this drama I set From Atlantic Unbound out in 1993 after the Cold War Interviews Russia's Other had ended to cross Russia World March 10 1999 Jeffrey Tayler talks about his new journeying more than 8 000 miles book Siberian Dawn which tells from Magadan a former gulag the story of his 8 000-mlle odyssey through lands rarely settlement on the Sea of Okhotsk visited to Europe I wrote a book about the trip I made Moscow my home I married a Russian My life-as much as it can be given that I carry an American passport-is Russian But having devoted half my life to this country and having lived through most of its transition I have arrived at a conclusion at odds with what I thought before Internal contradictions in Russia's http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-p 1 htm 11-L-0559 OSD 432 7 31 2001 1m Auanm 1iviay L uu1 I Kussia 1s r1msm u I 1ayH r Dead Souls January 1999 A prominent demographer warns that the spread of tuberculosis and AIDS in Russia will soon make Western hand-wringing over the pace of Russian economic reform seem quaint By Murray Feshbach Was Democracy Just a Moment December 1997 The global triumph of democracy was to be the glorious climax of the American Century But democracy may not be the system that will best serve the world-or even the one that will prevail in places that now consider themselves bastions of freedom By Robert D Kaplan Thin Walls Bad Neighbors November 1997 In the new Russia making yourself at home is still no easy task By Jeffrey Tayler From Atlantic Unbound Executive Decision ls It Time to Confront Russia January 26 2000 Now is the time for you to decide what our policy on Chechnya and the new Russian government should be An interactive poll By Jack Beatty Atlantic Abroad The Moscow Rave December 24 1997 Bars parties and prostitution-a look at the nightlife in contemporary Moscow By Jeffrey Tayler Elsewhere on the Web Links to related material on other Web sites Background Notes Russia May 2000 The U S State Department's profile of Russia an ragt L u1 thousand-year history have destined it to shrink demographically weaken economically and possibly disintegrate territorially The drama is coming to a close and within a few decades Russia will concern the rest of the world no more than any Third World country with abundant resources an impoverished people and a corrupt government In short as a Great Power Russia is finished Why this should be so will become apparent during a look back at the past decade and how its events stemmed from Russia's Eastern Orthodox civilization and a decimating isolating longago invasion whose consequences determine the relation between citizen and state to this day OCTOBER 1993 D espite the grave images the media show us the full extent of Russia's weakness is not apparent to most visitors at first Trains run on time Stores open on schedule The obvious poverty of shantytowns and slums is rare Though rising sharply street crime is still less common than in major cities of the West At times gruff in public Russians privately maintain a superb civility and dignity and their oriental tradition of hospitality toward strangers puts Westerners to shame Customs now regarded as quaint or sexist in the West-such as a man's opening doors for a woman and paying for his date's meals-are the rule and only the indigent dress shabbily Standards of education especially in math and science exceed those of all but a few Western countries the average Russian high schooler may have a grasp of U S or European history that would humiliate an American college student The remnants of the Soviet welfare state ensure that few starve the apartments the Soviet government gave to its citizens make Russia a country of homeowners to a great extent During the spring and summer months Russians take to the streets to enjoy the clement weather in the endless magenta-hued dusks of May and June the well-lit central avenues of Moscow and St Petersburg resemble fashion runways with poised long-legged beauties strolling arm in arm with their dates On street comers or in pedestrian underpasses during the winter months buskers play the balalaika sing Kalinka and chant Eastern Orthodox hymns In sum few visitors find cause for despair and Armageddon appears well at bay Reform and prosperity it would seem are a hair's breadth http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-p l htm 11-L-0559 OSD 433 7 31 2001 oveNiew of Russia's history geography demographics government and relations with the United States Russian History A comprehensive index of links to timelines archives discussion groups and profiles of historical figures Posted by the Russian Studies Program at Bucknell University away and those who would deny this are shortsighted pessimists I too thought this way when I arrived in Moscow In 1993 I was an optimist How could one not be after six years of perestroika the defeat of the Communist coup-plotters in 1991 and the innumerable positive assessments by prominent Westerners from Presidents to journalists to economists and investors The image of Boris Yeltsin mounting a tank in front of the Supreme Soviet during the attempted coup and announcing in his kingly baritone that Russia would remain free of tyranny retained perfect clarity in my mind's eye Moreover in 1993 Yeltsin had just prevailed in a national referendum that granted him a mandate to continue his free-market and democratization reforms History in Russia was beginning anew What needed to be changed would be changed problems that needed solving were going to be solved One warm afternoon in early October of 1993 I was strolling through the IGtai-Gorod neighborhood of central Moscow with a young woman by the name of Lena An accountant Lena had cropped flaxen hair and hazel eyes that radiated purpose she was well spoken and curious We talked about Pushkin's poetry about the Michael Jackson concert that had just taken place in Moscow about which designers were chic in the West about how she liked to spend her days off at her parents' dacha But when our conversation turned to Russia a hardness invaded her eyes I took the position that Yeltsin would keep the country on the reformist path she countered with declarations that nothing good will ever come of Russia that the truth about what was going on here would never be known that one who thought otherwise was naive and that Russians were above all an unpredictable people given to wild swings and dangerous extremes lacking the patience and adherence to principle that democracy demanded She scoffed at forecasts of prosperity and laughed at Westerners with their belief in progress the rule of law and the goodness of men I answered that this would all change and we argued But it was a beautiful day the poplars stood red and gold in the fresh autumn air and we soon dropped the subject Suddenly we realized that we were almost alone on the streets although it was a weekend afternoon Only the distant sound of sirens broke the silence That evening I arrived home and turned on the television to scenes of mayhem and carnage in central Moscow A couple of weeks earlier Yeltsin had ordered the Supreme Soviet which opposed him to disband The deputies had refused they had proclaimed a new government and appointed their own President They had locked themselves inside the Soviet soldiers http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-p 1 htm 11-L-0559 OSD 434 7 31 2001 i 11c fiUC tlll1'-' 11vu1y vv l I 1' U s rn t i s r 11u si1cu I i uy ic1 rugc ' t v1 7 and demonstrators had surrounded it and a standoff had ensued While Lena and I were out strolling some of the demonstrators had broken through the line of soldiers and set off on a rampage through town shooting their way to the main television station which they attempted without success to take by force The next morning Yeltsin ordered tanks into the streets and I watched from the bank of the Moscow River as they blasted the whitemarble citadel of the Supreme Soviet into a flaming blackened shell as snipers fired on passersby from rooftops as crowds ran screaming along the embankment The deputies surrendered that evening but for the next two weeks the Kremlin imposed a curfew From the moment the nightly curfew began cries to halt bursts of gunfire and screams would echo outside my apartment and last until dawn My neighbors and I assumed that the shooting and screaming had something to do with Ministry of Internal Affairs troops apprehending curfew violators or hunting down the Chechen guerrillas whom it was said the Chechen speaker of the Supreme Soviet had installed in Moscow but we never learned exactly what was going on There were rumors and more rumors the media were biased in Yeltsin's favor and could not be fully trusted During the day troops rounded up Chechen and Azerbaijani street traders often beating them seizing their goods and money and bulldozing their kiosks before expelling them from Moscow This they did with the approval of the mobs that gathered to watch many saw the dark-skinned Caucasians as outsiders who stirred up trouble or as mafiozy Reformer or no Yeltsin had the guns and he used them As under the czars and Stalin so under Yeltsin-might would prevail in Russia dialogue would be drowned out in the rattle of gunfire and blasts of artillery violence would be used by the state against those who opposed reforms that were at least ostensibly for the good of the country But there was something new this time the violence received accolades from Western politicians whom most Russians had until then viewed as honorable and above the tumult of Russian politics Because the West supported the bombardment and sided so openly with Yeltsin afterward many saw the West as colluding with Yeltsin to weaken Russia From then on Russians began deriding Yeltsin as the stavlennik protege or marionetka puppet of the West Russians' view of their country as Lena had expressed it to me was imbued with pessimism which turned out to be justified fatalism and an awareness of irreconcilable traits and historical contradictions If reform depended on democracy and democracy required dialogue and trust what did it mean that when faced with one of his first major crises Yeltsin started shooting at his adversaries In short what had really changed http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-p 1 htm 11-L-0559 OSD 435 7 31 2001 1111 rtw111u 11vu1y 4 VV 1 I I U sia 1 r uu ucu I 1ay11 1 ragt Ju 1 ' I THE RULE OF LAWLESSNESS T he leaders of the October 1993 uprising were charged with inciting mass disorder imprisoned given amnesty in early 1994 and released sufficiently chastised that most have not since participated in national politics With his survival at stake Yeltsin proposed a constitution that would grant him czar- like powers A referendum was held and the constitution passed into law Liberal Russians and I viewed the constitution with some alarm Did Russia really need a new czar Wasn't an overly powerful executive branch of government what had always plagued Russia But then Yeltsin had staked his career on defeating the Communists who appeared to pose the greatest threat to reform so we gave him the benefit of the doubt In 1994 in order to stay in Moscow I took a job as the comanager of a Russian-American company that provided physicalprotection services to Western businesses opening up in Russia My partner was Russian a former deputy chief of the Moscow militia If in politics some sort of order had been restored in other areas of national life specifically business and the economy a war was being waged-a war that more than the uprising of 1993 would poison Russia and pervert its course and of which I would acquire personal nerve-shattering knowledge One September evening in 1994 I was driving home from work across central Moscow The sky was a soup of gray drizzle and black cloud Traffic was light cars drifted past me or I passed them in a swooshing slush of rain and flying mud I turned off the Garden Ring Road onto Vtoraya Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street and pulled up to a traffic light It was red I waited About halfWay up the next block a man entered a Mercedes parked at the curb A few seconds later an explosion tore the car apart and blew out the windows in the surrounding buildings and the shock wave hurled pedestrians to the ground A column of flame erupted from the vehicle glass and scraps of metal tinkled and clanked as they fell to the ground I jumped out of my car to look and then a second lesser explosion-the Mercedes's gas tank-scattered shreds of metal within a twenty-yard radius A couple of minutes later a militia car arrived but the officers did little more than gawk at the burning vehicle By the time a fire engine had pulled up black smoke overhung the street and the flames shooting from the wreckage reached into the branches of a tree above The firemen brought out a hose and managed to extinguish the blaze with a torrent of white foam which spread over the street like dirty snow Steam resembling winter fog arose from the burnt car The blaze out the firemen threw aside http www theatlantic com issues 200 I 05 tayler-p I htm 11-L-0559 OSD 436 7 31 2001 I Ht J- lli lllll 11v1ay vv 1 f 1' u s sia i s r 11u si1t u I i ay it 1 their hose and pried open the door with a crowbar The inside of the vehicle was a skeleton of charred twisted metal A few chunks of singed flesh were all that remained of the man inside The radio first reported this as the murder of a prominent actor then reports said a banker It turned out to be the contract killing of a mafiya boss whose alias was Sylvester A great gangland war was on in From the archives Russia and I again heard gunfire Hoods Against in the night around my apartment Democrats December 1998 In Bulgaria the distinction between Bankers businessmen and the state and organized crime is innocent bystanders were being clear-for now By Robert D Kaplan murdered in shootouts contract hits and car and apartment The Wild East June 1994 Organized crime has Russia even bombings-sometimes at the rate more firmly in its grip than has of several a day in Moscow alone been reported By Seymour M Hersh Competing territorial criminal gangs many of which operate under the protection of police and state officials were establishing their turf taking over businesses across Russia eliminating those who resisted Government security services so powerful under the Soviets now found themselves outgunned they were also vulnerable to corruption because most officers and soldiers earned less than $150 a month There was nothing subtle hidden or surreptitious about the majiya Mafiozy often drove armored Mercedes and BMWs equipped with sirens and flashing lights and used them to force other cars to the side of the road to avoid traffic jams they turned onto the sidewalk honked and shot ahead sending pedestrians diving out of the way They gathered at nightclubs where the cover charges alone could exceed $400 they ordered cognac at $200 a shot and hookers at $1 000 a session they dressed in Versace and Hugo Boss suits they maintained diamond-clad concubines of mesmerizing icy beauty Outside Moscow they built grand dachas for themselves their wives and their mistresses they vacationed on the Riviera and in the Swiss Alps In a laud where honesty was a fault and the good were always the losers always the poor majiozy became role models for many of the young who in at least one survey named contract killer and hard-currency prostitute as the professions to which they most aspired Money and guns made kings-understandably in view of both Russia's poverty and the revulsion the young felt for the Soviet dogma of self-abnegation for the sake of a bright future which never came A free and fair market was an abstract concept driving a $200 000 armored Mercedes 600 that could survive a bomb explosion under its chassis was fun http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-pl htm 11-L-0559 OSD 437 7 31 2001 111c n w111u ' 11viay vv i j 1' U Ma 1 r u11M1cu I 1ay1c1 The majiozy were richer cleverer more lavish and more aggressive than the expatriate businessmen arriving in Moscow lured by Western journalists' portrayal of Russia as the Wild East -a tantalizing but deceptive catchphrase that implied frontierlike opportunity for all in a munificent wilderness When the expatriates discovered that the odds had been stacked against them they came to our security firm for protection they were frightened insomniac at times trembling and always stunned Where was the reforming Russia that would let them get rich while preaching the gospel of the free market to reverent native subordinates The Byzantine nature of Russia's legal environment provides organized crime with an entree into businesses by making violations of the law-matters for blackmail-inevitable and by leaving entrepreneurs at the mercy of corrupt bureaucrats and state agencies It is impossible to operate a business successfully in Russia and also observe all the laws because there are too many contradictory laws The approximately twenty different levies on the books would tax a company as much as 105 percent if they were paid businesses must evade taxes to at least some extent or go bankrupt Most enterprises maintain a secret chornaya kassa a black accounting book that accurately shows profits and losses but submit to auditors from the Tax Inspectorate the belaya bukhgalteriya white accounts -false records of low profits and high expenses The auditors themselves are barely getting by they work for a commission a percentage of the taxes they collect and may be receptive to bribes gifts rented women and so on State agencies other than the Tax Inspectorate suffocate businesses and add to the mess Registration re-registration and certification with municipal departments cost enterprises hundreds of employee hours Bureaucrats may expedite paperwork for bribes Unbribed they may forget or misplace one's papers deny requests delay decisions fail to show up for meetings or send one back to a lower-level bureaucrat for this or that document or stamp or signature Fire sanitary and labor inspectors make frequent and unexpected calls on businesses If something is not in order or the inspectors are not adequately bribed or ieted they may order the company closed seize assets or arrange for arrests Legal redress most often fails the government rarely loses in court against the accused and judges are known to be on the take Enter the mafiya It has been estimated that 80 percent of Russian businesses pay dan' tribute or protection money to a krysha roof or racket but the real number is probably higher one may assume that any business operating openly has a krysha http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-pl htm 11-L-0559 OSD 438 7 31 2001 1 ui r-1 uauu ' I 1nay _ vv i I n u 1a 1 i uu ui u I 1ay 1i 1 ri 1gt 0 Vl Entrepreneurs providing clandestine services are less likely to run into trouble Majiozy approach businesses directly visiting in groups of three or four one of them speaks in a friendly manner warning directors that they must pay dan '-IS to 20 percent of their company's gross earnings-r suffer violence at the hands of unnamed gangs If the majiozy operate under the guise of a security agency they may insist that the director sign a contract-a ruse that has deceived some businesses into relinquishing control of their bank accounts Once a business has acquired a krysha it must resist the advances of rival gangs or risk falling prey to razborki-a settling of scores over territory If businesses refuse to pay which is rare now the thugs mount an escalating campaign of pressure starting with verbal threats moving on to beating and kidnapping and ending with wellplaced bullets or the torture of loved ones or a bomb placed by the door of the businessman's apartment If businessmen attempt to conceal revenues from the krysha victimizing them they may be exposed by moles the maflya has placed within their companies Often in return for payment accountants or secretaries provide the mob with information about their employers' violations of tax laws In any case a businessman may simply be unable to cope with the mobsters' demands which can increase at any time in addition to regular dan ' thugs may demand gifts in the form of SUVs rented women or bags of cash However the maflya can play a useful role in business development if competitors with lower prices or better goods appear on the scene fires theft murder and other bedlam can be arranged In most countries organized crime affects principally illegal trade narcotics prostitution gambling but in Russia the mob can take over any business-not only because most businesses have to break the law to stay afloat and thus leave themselves vulnerable to extortion but also because so much economic activity takes place in untraceable cash Although Russian law requires that a business open a bank account Russian banks are notoriously unreliable-failing frequently closing unexpectedly disappearing with their depositors' money or charging high fees for irregular services A business may thus be forced to conduct most of its transactions in cash Other Russian financial institutions have proved no more reliable investment houses have turned out to be pyramid schemes and millions of private investors have lost their life savings when the schemes collapsed A country with a $340 billion economy and no reliable banking system or financial sector makes a poor investment to say the least and capital flight has become a necessity for many businesses It is estimated that for most of the nine years since http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-pl htm 11-L-0559 OSD 439 7 3112001 7 1111 J- lli l Ulll I Vli l Y k VV l 11' U1 Mi t 1 r iu1M11 u I 1i l Y11 1 ragt '1 u1 the fall of the Soviet Union some $2 billion a month has fled the country for banks in the Caribbean Switzerland and elsewhere Aid from international lending agencies totaled $66 billion through 1998 in the mid-I 990s roughly $10 billion a year in aid poured into Russia while at least double that flowed out Faced with such danger disarray corruption and deceit most of which is well publicized by the Russian media news shows frequently amount to chronicles of bribery death and dismemberment Russians have stopped feeling outrage and have resigned themselves The murder of an entrepreneur as a result of his business activity to quote a phrase beloved by militia press centers arouses no surprise only a shrug The excesses of mobsters on a Moscow street provoke no indignation only envy It is accepted that the chaos and contradictory laws benefit those in power-that the state has abandoned its people to the thugs because it is in league with them In any case those in power be they mafiozy or the government have the guns thoughts of overt resistance are rare Continued 1121314 What do you think Discuss this article in Post Riposte E SAVE THIS ES EMA LTH S Et2i PBINT THIS Copyright © 2001 by The Atlantic Monthly Group All rights reserved The Atlantic Monthly May 2001 Russia Is Finished - 01 05 Volume 287 No 5 page 35-52 Home I Current Issue I Archive I Forum I Site Guide I Feedback I Subscribe I Search Olck here for Iha current ARTS - ENTERTAJNMENT PREVIEW http www theatlantic com issues 2001 05 tayler-p1 htJn 11-L-0559 OSD 440 7 31 2001 '1 snow ake T0 W6 Cathy Mainardi Larry Di Rita Admiral Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeldh DATE August 4 2001 SUBJECT Ethics Regulations 1 want to make absolutely sure that the security people drivers and the people that help me in any way who are government employees do not do things of a personal service nature which could be seen as a violation of the law 99 I recently read an Inspector General s report on a senior of cer There is an allegation that some of the individuals who work in close proximity to the admiral may have done some things that could be described as personal services and therefore not appropriate activities for people being paid by the taxpayers I don t know quite how to handle this matter given the fact that I am here generally 14 hours a day and I don t have much of a life beyond what I do here It takes enormous effort for me to handle the one or two things a week that may relate to personal business such as renewing insurance on my place in New Mexico or something where I have to talk to Nancy Pardo in Chicago In those cases we pay for phone calls the faxes and postage In any event 1 do want all of you to be sensitive to this I don t want people to try to be helpful as much as I know they d like to be Each of you has to be very care ll about suggesting to anyone connected with me that they do something for me or any member of my family or a friend or at our house that could be considered personal We probably have to be careful about moving Joyce s baggage in and out of the car In any event think about it and then let s make sure that the security people the drivers and others are very very sensitive to this so that there is no issue Of course I have sent a sizable check to the government that would fully reimburse the taxpayers for any personal service that may by error be performed Nonetheless I want to avoid it Thank you x 030501 16 S s U1285l IOZ 11-L-055QIOSD1441 snowflake August 6 2001 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 5 25 PM SUBJECT Directive w -- I think we need to get a directive out that by a specific date the Office of Secretary of Defense the Joint Staff and the Service Secretariats will have fully interoperable systems so we can communicate with each other That message alone ought to help Thanks DHR db 080601-27 -c U12681 02 11-L-0559 OSD 442 snowflake August 7 200112 30 PM TO Larry Di Rita cc Powell Moore • FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT 3 Responses to Congressional Letters Newt Gingrich called He said he noted in the press the letter from 80 members of the Congress about the size of the Anny He said we ought to think about dividing Congressional letters into two categories we might think about doing this with letters in general The first category would be letters where they have taken a position that is clearly not defensible It may be they have to take that position because of their constituency In this category we would respond by pointing out why that position doesn't work The second category is letters like the one on the size of the Anny We would agree with them that it would be desirable to have a large Anny in fact it would be desirable to have a lot of large things The question is the matter of trade offs-where do they see the money can be taken from without damaging the national security and how could we go about doing that In the process we would explain to them what the challenges are I think he has a good point He said he would like to work with you or whoever is working on that letter to get a good response I told him I would be delighted Thanks DHR dh 080701-17 U12684 02 11-L-0559 OSD 443 snowflake - August 9 2001 7 28 AM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld L W L L SUBJECT Travel Schedules Do we get the travel schedules of the Chiefs the Chairman and the Vice Chairman so we have a sense of how many days they are in town and how many days they are out of town I don't want to make a big deal about it but if it is easy I would like to see it Thanks WHR dh 080901-1 - 11-L-0559 OSD 444 U14771 01 snowflake August 9 2001 8 33 AM ' •t ••t ry · 0 SfrA1 r • · · •• - 2011 · 4 J f ·- '1 J TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Reserves -W - -c Any reserves or any money we have tucked away 1 want to personally know about and I don't want the Comptroller's office or anyone else to be dispensing it without my being involved Please give me a tabulation of what we have and where it is located so that I have a very clear sense of it Thanks DHR dh 080901 -Z 11-L-0559 OSD 445 u14 t t0 J f 1 snowflake August 9 2001 7 42 AM c TO VADM Staser Holcomb USN Ret FROM Donald Rumsfel Q_ Ci r SUBJECT Director Joint Staff t 1 am going to need more names for the Director Joint Staff The one we talked about may not work Thanks DHR dh 08090144 11-L-0559 OSD 446 U14772 01 snowflake August 11 2001 12 47 PM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT VTC They ought to figure out a way to make that VTC with the President better That rush of air that happened every time someone stopped talking isn't necessary They have a better system than that Thanks SECOEF HAS SEEN AUG 21 2001 5ECbE-FDHR dh 081101-8 011 lf fTA-F-F - IAltit Sn O UUtTE J l Ot t 1E S' S -E-µf M r lL WtLL JN L NEW E Q IA l P'°16' JT J4 T C QA a J F o 12 l TO CDflQ_E-C -T Tt- -E PROBLEJ1 SEE- 4r r4C-µ_p _j _ --- 11-L-0559 OSD 447 Ul 2695 02 snowflake August 11 2001 2 18 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Trip to Texas I am going to go to Texas on the 24th of August I am going to need two-plus hours alone with the President Then I will go on to Taos Thanks DHR clh 081101-10 Ul2705 02 11-L-0559 OSD 448 snowflake August 15 2001 7 42 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Timing of QDR - a One of the legislative proposals we should make is to change the due date of the QDR until a year after an administration is in There is just no way to get it done when you first walk in Let's get that added to our list Thanks - DHR dh 081501-6 U12707 02 11-L-0559 OSD 449 snowflake August 16 2001 12 24 PM SUBJECT Anecdote for Missile Defense Anecdote Missile Defense The United States does not today have the ability to defend against ballistic missiles No nation currently has the ability to defend against ballistic missiles except for Russia where Moscow has a deployed missile defense system with interceptors armed with nuclear warheads Think back to England during the World War II blitz when they were on the receiving end of German V- 1 and V-2 missiles In the 1980s there was the SCUD war between Iran and Iraq Think back ten years ago to the Gulf War when Iraq was firing ballistic missiles into Saudi Arabia and Israel and people were being killed-28 Americans killed and 99 seriously wounded by one ballistic missile into Saudi Arabia DHR dh 08l i J S U12708 02 11-L-0559 OSD 450 snowflake August 16 2b01 10 48 AM I I TO VADM Giambastiani Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld I Y - SUBJECT Executive Secretariat Let's get the Executive Secretariat functioning so that i the Policy shop holds something past the deadline we know it a day or two efore and someone can jog them Also please make a note to bring that up at the n getting stuck in places - staff meeting-that things are Thanks DHR dh 081601-13 U12864 02 11-L-0559 OSD 451 August 16 2001 11 46 AM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Western Sahara Please take a look at the UN Mission for Referendum in W estem Sahara It appears we have 15 DoD personnel there Is there some way we can reduce that number Thanks DHR dh 081601-20 - U12712 02 11-L-0559 OSD 452 snowflake August 16 2001 11 53 AM 1 -v TO Larry Di Rita VADM Giarnbastiani CC VADM Holcomb Ret FROM Donald Rumsfe1d 91 L I l Y '8 Tu D 0 SUBJECT Fire Fighting a - Please track down the question of the Army as Executive Agent giving me that paper on forest fires Please find out why the Air Force guard force fire fighting never came to me - Something is wrong with this system I want it fixed SECDEF HAS SEEN Thanks AUG 1 8 2001 SeJDHR dh 081601-23 -SEc - 1 OP MMY St VS At- L D£PL0YM£JV1 ORD -5 ro e_ DOMEE-51 c__ DEPLOY ME Jt TS - Ec'y -- Mt-1Y #Ow l f 5 NOT7Ft 114-f OA SYf TE f f- t 1 N AlI Ir Co t J' D U12862 11-L-0559 OSD 453 02 ' snowflake August 17 2001 10 23 AM TO Larry Di Rita VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeldi l SUBJECT GAO Report Please give me a report on how the GAO can say what they said-that our equipment is not aging The fact of the matter is that the Reagan buildup bought all the equipment and then the Clinton procurement holiday didn't buy any equipment It is incomprehensible that the equipment could not have aged 4 0 c · v And if it aged it is - incompr that it could not cost more to maintain How in the world can the GAO say what they said Thanks DHR dh 081701-12 - c t 02 127 u - 11-L-0559 OSD 454 f' New York Times •·- August 16 2001 8 Pentagon Harbors An_ timissile Skepticism Jy The Associated Press WASHINGTON Aug 15 - The head of the Pentagon's missile defense programs said today that he was not fully confident in the basic functionality of the antimissile system that successfully intercepted a mock warhead in space last month The official Lt Gen Ronald Kadish the director of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization said that because of the uncertainties the next test of the system in October would be a replay of the July 14 test witfi no additional complexities like more decoys aboard the target missile The system is designed to destroy an intercontinentalrange ballistic missile before its warheads re-enter Earth's attnosphere Defense Daily August 16 2001 - Pg 5 9 BMDO Moves Ahead With Ft Greely Testbed Preparation By Kerry Gildea The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization BMDO remains on track to clear land by the end of the month at Ft Greely Alaska for an interceptor testbed and is keeping open an option to conduct future flight tests there Air Force Lt Gen Ronald Kadish the BMDO director told reporters yesterday Anything t h a t BMDO does in terms of clearing land or preparing a testbed site at Ft Greely or testing there is subject to ABM Treaty compliance reviews he noted So far BMDO has been able to execute its planning and test program without a problem he noted The five-silo testbed at Ft Greely also could be used if needed as an emergency system similar to the early use of - the Northrop Grumman NOC Joint STARS in the Gulf War Kadish noted BMDO as part of its revised and bolstered missile de- fense program plans to expand its tests to include future interceptor flight tests out of Kodiak as well Defense Daily June 28 BMDO has acknowledged that there would be safety concerns over testing from Ft Greely because interceptors would fly over populated land However Kadish said that while flight testing will be conducted from Kodiak first that does not preclude BMDO from flight testing out of Ft Greely The distance between Kodiak and Ft Greely is about 500 miles That is not unprecedented to fly out of the interior of the United States he said For example Kadish said during some flight tests at White Sands Missile Range WSMR N M boosters are often flown from nearby Ft Wingate into WSMR During such tests people are moved out of the area he noted We have to look at the feasibility the safety risks the costs of it Kadish added But 1 can tell you from an overall test perspective we would like to launch from where we would operate Earlier this month Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz told Congress that BMDO can lawfully use FY '01 military construction funds to build the testbed Defense Daily Aug 7 Wolfowitz also informed the lawmakers a sole-source contract would be awarded by the Small Business Administration on behalf of BMDO to Aglaq Construction Enterprises for the site construction Blommberg com August 15 2001 JO No Proof For U S Military's Claim On Aging Equipment CBO Says By Tony Capaccio Washington -- There's no evidence to support the U S military's claim that its cost to maintain aging equipment has soared says the Congressional Budget Office The services have used that claim to argue for more money saying accounts for pay medical benefits housing training and other fixed costs are being drained for spending naintenance budget for fiscal on old equipment The Bush 1999 -- the best available data administration has also used it ·- totaled about S102 billion as a rationale for new equip- with roughly $20 billion going ment that will modernize and to sustaining equipment The average age of Gen transform the military CBO concluded the aver- eral Dynamics Corp Ml-Al age age of many types of tanks for example was equipment including tanks and slightly lower in 1999 than ships is not much greater than 1980 JI years versus 12 it was 20 years ago And it years said CBO Disputed Figures on Spare found no evidence that spending on aging equipment has Parts The Army's total spending increased dramatically or driven total operations ands on spare parts consumed per operating hour for its five top readiness spending CBO's findings are in weapons systems -- a measure conflict with the service's designed to track aging and statements that spending on maintenance -- rose by only 12 Operations and Maintenance percent since 1995 or an averfor equipment is growmg rap- age of 2 percent a year said idly said the report signed by CBO Army officials have CBO director Dan Crippen Those statements are some- claimed that since 1998 costs times based on selective data for spare parts for these syssaid CBO a non-partisan tems grew 30 percent -- but this reflects costs in only seagency CBO's findings are lected operating units CBO likely to damage the-services said The limited data availcredibility said Steven Kosiak defense budget analyst able on the most expensive for the non-partisan Center for systems do not support asserStrategic and Budgetary As- tions that costs for all aging systems are rising rapidly sessments Focusing attention on the said CBO aging equipment issue has let The report suggests we the services avoid cutting costs don't need billions of dollars to related especially to head- sustain aging equipment but quarters training administra- eventually we're going to need tion communications and billions to replace the aging base operations where sub- equipment said Christopher stantial cost growth has oc- Jebn the CBO's former direccurred over the past decade tor of national security prohe said grams and now Cray Inc head 'Death Spiral' of congressional relations Military and civilian Pen Yes aging equipment is tagon leaders since the late a little more expensive every 1990s have claimed the U S is year to maintain and the Delocked in a death spiral partment needs to address that where money better spent on problem but equipment mainreadiness and new systems is tenance and operating costs going to aging aircraft ships represent 6 percent or 7 pertanks and helicopters The cent of the overall defense Bush administration has em- budget Jehn said So that's not what's driving the defense braced this theme Aircraft tanks and other budget up 'Selective Information' equipment are now beginning To illustrate its point on to become so old that operations and maintenance costs the selective use of informafor those systems have begun tion CBO highlighted the June to skyrocket Defense Deputy 6 testimony of Air Force Chief Secretary Paul Wolfowitz told of Staff Gen Michael Ryan to reporters Aug 8 When the Senate Appropriations dethings get old they break more fense subcommittee Ryan said flying-hour often and the repair bills are a costs have risen almost 50 perlot higher Overall only about 20 cent Ryan used 1996 as the percent of total O M spending is devoted to equipment said base year -- a year in which the CBO The operations and Air Force says spare parts were page 11 of29 11-L-0559 OSD 455 under-funded because of errors in forecasting said CBO If • data for 1995 through 2000 are used instead the measured owth is only 10 percent Air Force Secretary James oche repeated some of Ryan's points during a breakfast meeting yesterday with reporters Of all of the shocks that we've had coming into office the fact that there was underfunding in such a pervasive manner has really surprised me Roche told the Defense Writers Group It surprised me in terms of maintenance and increased cost- per-flying hour Roche said It's not because the amount that you have put into maintenance stayed the same -n grew The aircraft have aged It's now 22 years -- that's the average age per airplane 'Not a New Trend' CBO said the average age is 20 years up from 13 in 1980 -- and such aging is not a new trend Likewise Air Force flying hour costs were no higher than they had been in 1996 or about $7 000 and average annual spending for depot maintenance went up -qd down between 1975 and 99 before flattening to 266 000 per aircraft since 1993 it said CBO estimated that spending on Air Force aircraft operations and maintenance increases by 1 percent to 3 percent for every additional year of age after adjusting for inflation That translates into an increase of $80 million to $230 million per year in an annual Air Force O M budget of $22 billion said CBO It's clear that for the past few years they have been using data very selectively and that the effect has been to paint a very misleading picture of the overall impact of equipment aging on operations and maintenance costs Kosiak said Miami Herald August 15 2001 11 SouthCom General Considered For Joint Chiefs Chairman 1ufd oversee military over • iul By Tim Johnson and Frank Davies WASHING TON -- As President Bush prepares to select the next chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to oversee an ambitious overhaul of the U S military among the darkhorse names he is reportedly considering is that of Marine Gen Peter Pace head of the Miami-based Southern Command Pace who oversees U S military operations in Latin America is among a handful of generals and admirals under consideration -- although military experts say it is difficult to predict who will get the top job It's like picking the pope There are a lot of factors you don't know about said retired Lt Gen Bernard Trainor an adjunct senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations Yet Pace's name has percolated up in a couple of recent press reports and some in the Marine Corps consider it that branch's turn The last three chairmen have been Army generals Naval and Air Force officers have also held the post -- but never a Marine Corps general Army Gen Henry Shelton the current chairman is to step down Oct 1 At the latest Bush would announce his replacement early next month to allow time for Senate confirmation Shelton's replacement will inherit a tough assignment The Pentagon is stirred up over reports that Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld may pay for the military's modernization by cutting troop strength from its current I 4 million members Aides have also talked of slashing up to two of the Anny's 10 divisions six air wings from the Air Force and two aircraft carrier groups from the Navy The next chairman of the Joint Chiefs will effectively be faced with cushioning the blow of any military cuts This decision is verv important for Rumsfeld said Jack Spencer a defense analyst for the conservative Heritage Foundation T he pe rc e p ti o n is that his plans for overhaul have put him at loggerheads with the people in uniform Because of the pending changes at the Pentagon observers are studying the possi- Another frequently menble list of candidates with particular attention tioned name is Air Force Gen You definitely need a Ralph E Eberhart who as strong leader if you're talking head of the Space Command about those kind of force cuts champions military capabilities said Michele Flournoy a sen- in space an area where Rmnsior adviser at the Center for feld wants to make his mark In contrast to the strategic Strategic International Studies a Washington think tank strengths of other candidates Some of them on the list Pace has built a solid backwould probably say ' don't ground in issues of staffing and want to preside over those combat preparedness He is seen as especially cuts so take me off the list ' Rumsfeld told Pentagon good on the issues of readiness employees last week that he and personnel and that's imneeds an officer with corn- portant when you're talking mand and war-fighting experi- about massive reorganization ence who has the respect of and troop cuts Spencer said the men and women in the Before assuming the armed services Southern Command post Pace He also cited personality served as the Pentagon's liaias a significant consideration son to the public to explain It has to be a person that I why the Navy needed to refeel good about working with sume using the Puerto Rican All of us here work long hours island of Vieques for bombing in this building If you're practice The top post over the going to spend that much time with somebody you dam well arena commonly called Southbetter like them Com has not been a traditional Pace became the top Ma- springboard for the military's rine candidate after the corps' top job You don't think of commandant Gen James Jones took himself out of the SoutbCom as a breeding running Colleagues and ob- ground for the joint chiefs servers speak of Pace in glow- said Raul Duany a former ing terms spokesman for the Miami He looks like a movie based command J would be star He's humble I think surprised if it's Gen Pace He's he'd be an unbelievably effec- very low-key low-profile rive guy You could not Duany added that he had find a finer combat leader and met another possible candipolicy guy than Pete Pace date Adm Vern Clark the said retired Army Gen Barry current chief of naval operaMcCaffrey who recently re- tions and found him very tired as White House drug czar impressive after serving as chief of the The Washington Times Southern Command reported Saturday that Clark a Pete's a very bright guy surface ship officer who is a He's got a good combat record deeply religious man has and he's got a great personal- emerged as a dark-horse canny Trainor said didate to be the next chairOthers commonly men- man and had been interviewed tioned as in the running for the twice by the White House chairmanship include the curTrainor said the only sure rent vice chairman Air Force bet is that Rumsfeld and Bush Gen Richard B Myers Adm will not pick a maverick an ofDennis Blair head of the Pa- ficer likely to fight staff or cific Command won points for weapon cuts or someone witbhis handling of the April 1 col- out tested managerial skills lision of a U S reconnaissance It's not just merit It's not just aircraft with a Chinese fighter talent or intellect courage or jet that forced the U S naval -bravery It's a lot of politics plane down on Hainan island Trainor said in China He's one of the best minds in the military said Flournoy He's got a stellar track record and has become somewhat of an Asia expert page 12 of 29 11-L-0559 OSD 456 snowflake August 18 2001 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld ' 10 30 AM SUBJECT Thornberry Article Congressman Mac Thornberry wrote an article in Defense News in the July 30August 5 issue called The Political Challenge of Transformation It is superb We ought to make sure we get it in the Early Bird and then we ought to send it around to all the senior people in the Pentagon so they all see it and read it - We might also want to think about getting it up on the Hill to members of Congress It is about as good a piece as we are going to find Thanks Attach 7 30-8 5 01 DefenseNews article by Rep Mac Thornberry The Political Challenge of Transformation DHR clh 081801-2 - Ul2715 02 11-L-0559 OSD 457 BOEING TO PAY FOR U APAC SIMULATOR WOES 39 ·--- The Political Challenge of Transformation II lllP IMC 1llOl9f8EllllY remain the mlllary-• onnlng the U S ece of eorge E W 's campaign for the White Holme but iter only Ix months some c ommeJIUllOIS are ready to throw in the towel They say that the opponents of reform from both ends of the political spectnJm hav already succeeded In thwaninC the -llilJliflcant prq mals connng from dw 8dministration's lltnl egic reviews n skeptics believe that what remains laqeb' wW be incremadlll improvements with a newlllbel There Is no doubt that Is dimcah nm colmnnlst prophesied in the Feb 14 issue that tran fanMllcllt wuuJd be dir IDOlll smlalned td leadenltup for the Bush aodlnihisaal lan lJDlllldinC t uJe with the J epmllnenl of iJefense bureaucracy and the deeply 'ftlllecl _ _ I n the defense «Jnlnll bJIS and the legions at fhlnJr link _ risk Eval llllldng llbout c h8nle CD enin to entrenched lntaestls • DefSec mary Donalcl Rumsreld has clisc ovwed In fact the current round of st ariell about Rumsfeld's dUlicultieS With and limited at the While Home mar be put of m eqit co hiseffecdWl- In tormlg c fmn8e Yet the ob8lacJel J IO c han e in the miJltarY llllli ll be ovemJllll if the Unlled Stal es 19 tD be--- world power in the 21Blcmtury 'banllfonnaticln does nut find llW ' poltical tvuc les Fas It is hard to dellne and does not lend itself to the nu seven-second sound bfte Its meaning fUnhel is cmfmed by the t8ldency o slap a lnft lfOIJnlllion lllbe1 Oil ailllngplanll msd current lnaemellfal upp8des al Whl n llmiilfo11111iu11ls disoaed mmt al the focus 111 on _ high f eCh Wuipolll I whk h it is feared will drain dollars from omenlneeds pponml lly totle ll t oJm1icullr fulmillllc wmpons lhll-farfnlm In onll r to mure ellllly discredit IL Jn Jalir y transformation is about much more than technology Reforms in the personnel llJlll elD in mpnlzlllional lltrUCtm e andclocllineprobably8 mcn8lpltlc ant A second political problem for transfornudion is thlll k • no obvious caiBlllml c y Defenae havecame ton emhlgtnray projects apreading out llCIOllS the country to gather polatlcal support Therr isaalnJrW topor ect amaa Jll'08l'lll'llB and the jobs and fundins that accompany lheln And that incentive Is eve lllrDnger with constant funding shortfalls which make - I dollaT man precious Any lllClnl Y med t o tnlnllfunn the force • as cuntrllJut inl to the anent imblllmc e and viewed as llClllethlng to be nmllt ed Everyone gives lip service to the future Id wlmll l'Vice whit whllnwnber a1Co11pem1s eeaeto -ror ' llCllnt IJung that mar contrlbule to the _ all good in 20 Jftl Carftlll DI the Perdagon the board room or the halls of Con8 116 lln not advanced by c rellllng the niplKJIE that to With real change 90 tJiere 111'1 ft'7 few wices wlDlng to epeak up far the future and move beyond rhetoric to make llerious choices 'l1lird ll'llnllfurmation • a bifpicture issue and the curnntlllraletlk fllM ninmlftdoes note- 1akirll the er longer ·The great nalional SIJ'UCllleS in two world 'W8l1I and in the Cold War required that the overall rmliunal int enBt be placed above parochial concerns Wldlout Jdnd at CM1r•d•co dew y undellltuod lllrat eglc challenge more paroddml views andpe dombmle Andthewllq­ - t o undergo dulnp to•reer a Jll Oll1llll a altNnldng Is - _ So ill the ellan 10 tnnllbm the mlllllQ already doomed I am encouraged by the fact lhlll - tnnlfcinnallclnldld not charllllnl the entire force As Rumllreld has pairad CJUI alb' JO to 1 JllllDft al the Qer-Anl Y-ctw i IOJJhenmnenal llllC'cms wldt the b1llalailg Anihnnowlion need not require a lot of money Military hl8'0l7 professors WillmneclD __and Alml Miiiea In book Mllll8ry 1mowllian In the bulwa J riod fonnd that 'in spite of low military budgets and Clllllllldaable 1DWlldi mllllm7 bllCltlllica• In die aftelmath afttt slaughter in the trenches milital7 inadtDClollB wwe abR to innovlR in the 1920amd 11-L-0559 OSD 458 1890s wtdl CDllliderllble- • n ntdcmn81ion is about fm1damenld y chancll1ll the conducl af wllltme to beaer ftJlmebthe ban Blaltill a p r - not • pmdcaJar cleilllillllon Becllllle the Gael lllllnand-in evl andaptftle -will face ainW ii unlmowatie -lmft fur--· ll _ • to'Jlia-havlnc•mllllar J JJn llmft Olpidaadlun thlll CD nllpOlld Ind rmalarelJ and culDno c amot• but alsolalar and dwlp We-foc IWunthe __ _ a1ra111 m11anm - m - leftnclnc information warfare defending the homeland and defatlne weapons of nw llidkln To achieve butllnet be tim aperinealkti wllh aw pate lmaOlm lumed lllic k lnlo dalb' ded- _ _lllllll to-- ian-- MCllllqatallflrt Wl lllBIWlllll lberlhll is ftW wllb r Den powera that nllilled chmlge dl-nlaaed thJala and hlMoQ w m dh lr dmlnliih 'n mlllar71D lllaletSflllme ndlir---· - w11-1111J1escma foal9 al top - Blallislnanbtncmmdlalmlnpollhime of to rise above the -aafthemammt Ktlr'CwllhWlbl mid CllJlnletohllnllrO -'Who ­ befare m msd topnMcl _ Jet t o - _ U S lllllMAnnedS W and _ _ snowflake August 18 2001 1 25 PM TO Jim Haynes FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT CINCs Is there a law specifying that CINCs should be called Commanders-in-Chief as opposed to Combatant Commanders or something else Thanks DHR dh 081801-10 U12718 02 11-L-0559 OSD 459 snowflake r August 20 2001 9 21 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Checklist The checklist looks like a good start It needs a section that says special considerations like when Jerry Lewis was the guy who stopped the F-22 Obviously with your fertile mind you can think of other special situations Thanks Attach 811 610 1 Major Announcement Checksheet - DHR dh 082001-1 I U12719 02 11-L-0559 OSD 460 • t SECDEFHAS SEEN MAJOR ANNOUNCEMENT CHECKSHEET EVENT Single Page Talking Point for --SecDef --DepSec --Service Secretaries --All Under Secretaries --LA --PA --GC Leeislative Activities Congressional Big Eight Notified --Prior to Announcement --Post-Announcement AUG 2 0 2001 RESPONSIBILI'J Y _ eo • Affected Service or Under Secretary Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs Relevant Congressional Staffs Briefed --Prior to Announcement --Post-Announcement Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs Affected Members of Congress Briefed Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs Public Affairs Activities Press Release drafted approved Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Subject-matter expert background briefings --Prior to announcement --Post-announcement Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs - 11-L-0559 OSD 461 snowflake August 20 2001 12 51 PM SUBJECT Paul Gigot I want to talk to Paul Gigot some day about the goal of increasing warning and reducing surprise being capable of deterring asymmetrical threats to the United States and our deployed forces by moving the defense establishment into the 21st centwy DHR dh 082001-34 U12721 02 11-L-0559 OSD 462 snowflake August 20 2001 1 46 PM TO Service Secretaries cc David Chu FROM Donald Rumsfeld YJ SUBJECT Recruiting Attached is an article from Charles Moskos at Northwestern University on recruiting I think you will find it interesting After you have had a chance to look it over let's visit Thanks Attach 8 12 01 Moskos Itr to SecDef re How to Save Defense Dollars and Upgrade Recruitment DHR dh 082001-45 Ul4075 01 11-L-0559 OSD 463 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SECDEF HAS SEEN AUG 2 0 2001 Department of Sociology I 8 10 Chicago Avenue 1'1 Floor Evanston lllinois 60208-1 330 Telephone 847 491-5415 E-mail sociol@northwestem edu Fax 847 49 1-9907 12 August 2001 To Hon Donald Rumsfeld Secretary of Defense Hon David Chu Undersecretary of Defense Hon Charles Abell Assistant Secretary of Defense From Charles Moskos tel 847-475-1170 c-moskos@nwu edu Subject How to Save Defense Dollars and Upgrade Recruitment In constant dollars per capita costs of military personnel are double that of the draft era Beyond military salaries personnel expenditures include housing family allowance medical recruitment and civilian contractor costs Indeed the trade off between personnel expenditures and weapons development has made national missile defense a source of contention in military planning By introducing a short-enlistment option the armed forces will both raise recruit quality and reduce personnel costs Military recruitment centers on the high school graduate -- and recently those without diplomas as well Recruiter focus on this population is self-limiting Today some two-thirds of high school graduates go directly on to higher education Without encompassing the broad and expanding pool of college students and graduates there can be no end to recruitment woes This is not to exclude continuing appeals to the high school graduate but it is to recognize that what can attract college youth differs from the prevailing enlistment philosophy Recruiting just five percent of the 1 2 million who annually receive a bachelor's degree would end recruitment woes The biggest disincentive for college youth is the long enlistment With such inducements as high recruit pay bonuses and job training the armed forces try to get recruits to sign on for three four or more years For college youth this a nonstarter Rather than stress military career opportunities recruitment appeals must reinvigorate the concept of the citizen-soldier Namely a short active-duty tour followed by a reserve obligation JUDD A AND MARJORIE WEINBERG COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES 11-L-0559 OSD 464 2 Surveys conducted on college campuses show that between one-tenth and one-fifth of graduates from selective universities show some propensity to join the military under certain conditions The prime condition is a short active-duty enlistment Namely two years 18 months or even 15 months Other key conditions increasing enlistment propensity for college students are an overseas assignment and post-service educational benefits A GI Bill that paid off student loans would be especially attractive Moreover those with bachelor's degrees are often those who most want a break in the academic routine before going on to graduate or professional education And there is one another consideration Much as the original GI Bill allowed millions of veterans the opportunity to pursue a bachelor's degree a GI Bill for the 21st century would enable veterans to go on to graduate school Beyond resolving recruitment problems short-enlistments have other advantages At a time when American youth marry later and later the lower enlisted ranks are becoming increasingly married with attendant costs in family benefits With more college youth entering the military the proportion of married soldiers and single parents in the junior ranks would drop markedly and with it a drop of service members on food stamps Three major arguments can be raised against the short enlistment These are given below with rejoinders 1 Short enlistments would increase demands on the training base Currently one in three soldiers fails to complete their initial enlistments Even more troubling is the rise in AWOL and desertion rates in recent years High quality recruits would reduce attrition dramatically Much better to have a soldier serve 18 months honorably than to be discharged prematurely for cause Short-term enlistees moreover would enter reserve components after their active-duty thus alleviating another severe recruitment shortfall 2 The peacekeeping missions for which our military is increasingly deployed require professional soldiers Let us remember that in World War II Korea and Vietnam the vast majority of combat soldiers had only six months of training before being sent to war Peacekeeping is precisely the kind of mission that would be most attractive to soldiers seeking a change of pace by serving their country in a rewarding way 3 Today's military requires high technical skills that cannot be met by short-termers Precisely Higher compensation should be aimed at those whose skills required extended training and job experience Across-the-board pay raises for military personnel are misguided 11-L-0559 OSD 465 3 To put it baldly we now have overpaid recruits and underpaid sergeants A private earns around $1 100 a month not including room and board or enlistment bonuses Pay raises should be focused on the career force not on the lower enlisted ranks In the draft era the pay ratio between a master sergeant and a private was seven to one today it is less than three to one Restoring something like the old balance would be the best way to resolve retention problems in hard-to-fill skills and leadership positions One major obstacle in recruitment however is beyond the military's control Namely the substantial federal aid given to college students who do not serve their country We now spend annually over $20 billion in grants and loan subsidies to college students We have in effect created a GI Bill without the GI In the long-term there must be a push to link federal college aid to a term of service -- whether military or civilian It is noteworthy that a 1995 Gallup poll found that 40 percent of the American public favor this proposition an amazing level of support for a concept that has not even entered the public debate Of great significance is the growing tendency for young people to take a year off in their pursuit of higher education New York Times Apr 17 2001 p I Indeed consideration ought be given to establish a commission that would look at ways to enhance both military recruitment and civilian service options Different forms of youth service should be viewed as complimentary rather than contradictory One other positive consequence of a short enlistment must not be overlooked If serving one's country became more common among privileged youth more future leaders in civilian society will have had a formative citizenship experience This can only redound to the advantage of the armed forces and the nation 11-L-0559 OSD 466 snowflake August 20 2001 4 14 PM SUBJECT SACLANT With the demise of the Soviet navy we don't need SACLANT as such At the minimum we ought to separate the Joint Forces Command from it because it is distracting from what JFC is supposed to be doing DHR dh 082001-61 U12720 02 11-L-0559 OSD 467 I ' V I 08 28 2981 07 42 5057762949 QUAIL RIDGE INN PAGE 11 snowflake TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld J _ DATE August 25 2001 SUBJECT EPA 1 did talk to Christie Todd-Whitman She says we need to get discussions underway and very soon between her office and the Pentagon She wants to be helpful I told her that I would probably get our General Counsel to get it started Please see that it happens Thanks 0 9 ·' omv 082501 06 11 11-L-0559 OSD 468 Ul4832 01 snow ake TO Larry Di Rita 42 Admiral Giambastianl FROM Donald Rumsfeld 39 liar 0 7 DATE September 4 200 SUBJECT Support Staff In the future I would think that if 1 am in New Mexico 1 secretary here with me We was here for the rst part and then left and when was gone it was vastly more dlf eult for me to function Also we need have someone back there who is capable of typing and sending things baa Everything 1 got back and had so many mistakes on it and had not been proof ad that it just doubled my work load probably to have a Thanks and DHRa'nzn 09 401 25 5 U12867 02 TO Admiral Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE September 7 200 1 SUBJECT It took us five minutes to get connected to the Powell Rice call this morning And then when I was talking to Colin Powell the COMs cut us off We have got something to improve the communication system around here -- DHR azn 090701 13 - Ul U 2 02 11-L-0559 OSD 470 snowflake September 10 2001 8 34 AM c c c• TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld ' SUBJECT Newspapers before Sunday Shows In the future if I am on the morning programs on Sunday we have to arrange to have newspapers brought to my house I can't seem to get my newspapers delivered in time for me to read them before the shows and I can't go on the shows without having read them Thanks DHR dh 091001·5 -c Ul5126 01 11-L-0559 OSD 471 -c snowflake September 10 2001 10 15 AM Number of defense agencies-I 5 Number of health care activities and surgeons general-3 Number of inspectors general4 plus thousands of assigned staff Number of separate legal functions-I 0 4 general counsels and 6 judge advocates general Congressional relations functions-17 in Services and Agencies Public Affairs Functions-16 in Services and Agencies Is this all really necessary DHR dh 091001-15 --U12728 02 11-L-0559 OSD 472 snowflake September 10 200111 24 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld Yf c c• SUBJECT Senator Leahy - I have to go see Senator Leahy and talk to him He had some classified issues he wanted raised Thanks DHR db 091001-21 Jr t f J1w l -0 v 0 -i 0 U15127 01 11-L-0559 OSD 473 snowflake September 10 2001 3 10 PM a o TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 0 ' SUBJECT Senator Wallop Please add Malcolm Wallop to that group that comes in with Frank Gaflhey from time to time Thanks DHR dh 091001-44 i £ --- 4 ''A _14 17 lck l d fol' i f 'o f cd£ r ddk '· fl 4 Ul5128 01 11-L-0559 OSD 474 snowflake September 10 2001 5 56 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Armed Forces Staff College If w V N Jim Roche has suggested that they abolish the Armed Forces Staff College Apparently they have a 16-week program that is worth about 4 weeks and they could cover the same subjects in the Army Navy and Air Force Staff Colleges Please look into it Thanks DHR dh 091001-54 U127 5 11-L-0559 OSD 475 02 snowflake September 12 2001 4 06 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld '7 SUBJECT Schedule and Recognition There will be a national day of prayer on Friday and I will be going to the National Cathedral Someone ought to be thinking through what kind of an event we are going to have for the people who died here DHR dh 091201-2 U12729 02 11-L-0559 OSD 476 snowflake September 13 2001 5 15 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Statement on Classified Information on classified material polish it a I wonder if someone ought to get my statem bit and then send it out to all agencies and s ior officials within the Department and possibly the intelligence community Thanks DHR dh 091301-11 - Ul30r4 02 11-L-0559 OSD 477 snowflake forP'f J1 September 13 2001 5 22 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld C' oe vii a J fla - J r f f lf_or J- V f'' r _ rJ ti rrrI- SUBJECT Air Marshals v I have agreed to send the only two people in e Department of Defense who are trained as air marshals to assist the Depart ent of Transportation for 30 days preferably on a reimbursed basis 'if t That is all that I have agreed to Thanks DHR dh 091301-14 ' -0 Ul3076 02 11-L-0559 OSD 478 snowflake fb JJJjtt _ September 14 2001 11 58 AM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Tracking Assignments I am giving lots of assignments You are sitting in t rocm and hear all that you need to keep track of them and help me track that ey get done D I don't have the feeling that happens Does it Thanks DHR dh 091401-IS t Ul3079 02 11-L-0559 OSD 479 now ake TO FROM W15 Donald Rumsfeld We September 16 2001 10 43 AM @ij SUBJECT Mat and Frame Cabinet Prayer Please frame this in roughly the same size and similar frame as we did the President s prayer out in the hallway Thanks 091601 I LJ Q mg THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON Secretary of Defense Donald H Rumsfeld Prayer at Cabinet Meeting September 14 2001 National Day of Prayer and Remembrance Ever-faithful God in death we are reminded of the precious birthrights of life and liberty You endowed in Your American peopJe You have shown once again that these gifts must never be taken for granted We pledge to those whom You have calJed home and ask ofYouPatience to measure our lust for action ResoJve to strengthen our obligation to lead Wisdom to illuminate our pursuit of justice and Strength in defense of liberty We seek Your special blessing today for those who stand as sword and shield protecting the many from the tyranny of the few Our enduring prayer is that You shaU always guide our labors and that our battles shall always be just We pray this day Heavenly Father the prayer our nation learned at another time of righteous struggle and noble cause-America's enduring prayer Not that God will be on our side but always 0 Lord that America will be on Your side Amen l 11-L-0559 OSD 481 snowflake September 16 2001 10 49 AM SUBJECT Military Leadership 1 I talked to General Keane about wanting him to stay a bit where he is 2 I am talking to General Shelton about possibly revising some of the CINCdoms and there might be some earlier opportunities But in the back of my mind I have it that he goes to Joint Forces Command when Buck Kernan completes his two years DHR db 091601-2 U12738 02 11-L-0559 OSD 482 919% September 16 2001 11 09 AM TO V1 3 FROM Donald Rumsfeld g SUBJECT Paper for lvanov Please tickle this memo from We that shows that lvanov read Rumsfeld s Rules for when I meet with him in NATO if I go Thanks mam-s In 6 b 9 U13082 102 snowflake September 17 2001 9 40 AM SUBJECT Bob Burns On Sunday September 16 about 5 45 p m as I was leaving the Pentagon I saw Bob Bums Associated Press reporter for the Pentagon I slowed down rolled down my window and said with a laugh Bob you can't seem to get your work done in a normal working day He turned to me without a smile on his face and said Mr Secretary as an American citizen I want you to know how deeply I appreciate and value the fact that you are in the important post you are in I am grateful Amazing DHR dh 091701-17 -G - U13086 02 11-L-0559 OSD 484 snowflake September 17 2001 7 18 PM a c TO J D Crouch FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Invitation to DCI r - You are going to want to get the invite out to George Tenet fast You might want Cambone to do it Thanks - DHR dh 091701-35 l Ul5454 101 11-L-0559 OSD 485 'C c snowflake September 17 2001 7 27 PM TO Major Michael P Stapleton USAF Aide-de-Camp to the Chief of Staff USAF FROM Donald Rumsfeld _ ---4 SUBJECT Flag and Letter 1 ---£fa I very much appreciate your sending me the Nichole Carter flag and letter I have sent it to the White House for the President Thank you so much Sincerely DHR dh 091701-36 Ul5455 01 11-L-0559 OSD 486 snowflake September 18 2001 8 05 AM TO Torie Clarke 0 c • FROM Donald Rumsfeld '' ' G - t SUBJECT TV Interviews In the future when I do these TV interviews from the Pentagon I would like to be sitting down so I can lean forward rather than standing Thanks DHR dh 091801-2 o u t Ul5457 11-L-0559 OSD 487 0 01 snowflake September 18 2001 8 17 AM TO Jaymie Duman cc Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT President's Visit I understand you are the one who came up with the idea of having the President go to the cafeteria It was a homerun Thank you very much DHR clh 091801-3 Ul5458 01 11-L-0559 OSD 488 September 19 2001 3 13 PM TO Paul W olfowitz Doug Feith Torie Clarke Powell Moore FROM Donald Rumsfeld PfL Following are some concepts that I offer for consideration as elements of speeches press briefings and talking points internally and externally It is always helpful if we are all working off the same sheet of music 1 Terrorist Attack The September 1 1th terrorist attack on the U S was carefully planned There may well be more attack plans in place and we must recognize that It is likely that the terrorists planned not only the September 1 1th attack and future attacks but that they planned how they would hide and what evidence they wished to leave behind for us to find to confuse our search Therefore it will take a sustained effort to root them out 2 Expectations The world needs to have realistic expectations This campaign is a marathon not a sprint No terrorist or terrorist network such as the Al-Qaida network is going to be conclusively dealt with by cruise missiles or bombers We recognize that it will take time and pressure on the countries that harbor these people for the foes of terrorism to be successful Therefore the fact that the first second or third wave of our efforts does not produce specific people should not come as a surprise We are patient and determined 3 Worldwide Support The legitimacy of our actions does not depend on how many countries support us More nearly the opposite is true the legitimacy of other countries' opinions should be judged by their attitude toward this systematic uncivilized assault on a free way of life 4 Coalitions The coalitions that are being fashioned will not be fixed rather they will change and evolve While most countries are concerned about terrorism and properly so each country has a somewhat different perspective and different relationships views and concerns It should not be surprising that some countries will be supportive of some activities in Ul5566 11-L-0559 OSD 489 0 0 - which the U S is engaged while other countries will not Which group any country falls into will depend on the nature and location of the activity We recognize that some countries will have to conceal or downplay their cooperation with us That needs to be understood and accepted 5 Fear We understand that people have fears-fear for themselves their families and their governments Therefore some will be reluctant to join an effort against terrorism or at least some aspects of our efforts Terrorists terrorize people We accept that fact However we need people's help and any information they can provide that will assist us A number of countries are helping quietly and we appreciate that Indeed we ask people across the globe to provide us any information they have that can help in rooting out terrorists and their networks 6 Against Terrorism Not the People We are after terrorists and the regimes that support them This is not a war against the people of any country The regimes that support terrorism terrorize their own people as well We need to enlist all civilized people to oppose terrorism and we need to make it safe for them to do so 7 Not A2ainst Islam This is not a war against Islam or any other religion The Al-Qaida terrorists are extremists-whose views are antithetical to those of most Muslims Their actions threaten the interests of the world's Muslims and are aimed in part at preventing Muslim people from engaging the rest of the world There are millions of Muslims around the world who we expect to become allies in this struggle 8 Secondary Effects Finally there will be secondary effects We recognize that as we continue to go after terrorism our activities will have effects in a number of countries We have to accept that given the importance of the cause As a result relationships and alliances will likely be rearranged over the coming years DHR dh 091901-10 11-L-0559 OSD 490 snowflake September 19 2001 3 13 PM FROM Donald Rumsfeld -- Y ----- f j 0 0 0 SUBJECT Thoughts on Terrorism - V Following are some concepts that I offer for consideration as elements of speeches press briefings and talking points internally and externally It is always helpful if we are all working off the same sheet of music 1 Terrorist Attack The September 1 1th terrorist attack on the U S was carefully planned There may well be more attack plans in place and we must recognize that It is likely that the terrorists planned not only the September 1 1th attack and future attacks but that they planned how they would hide and what evidence they wished to leave behind for us to find to confuse our search Therefore it will take a sustained effort to root them out 2 Expectations The world needs to have realistic expectations This campaign is a marathon not a sprint No terrorist or terrorist network such as the Al-Qaida network is going to be conclusively dealt with by cruise missiles or bombers We recognize that it will take time and pressure on the countries that harbor these people for the foes of terrorism to be successful Therefore the fact that the first second or third wave of our efforts does not produce specific people should not come as a surprise We are patient and determined 3 Worldwide Support The legitimacy of our actions does not depend on how many countries support us More nearly the opposite is true the legitimacy of other countries' opinions should be judged by their attitude toward this systematic uncivilized assault on a free way of life 4 Coalitions The coalitions that are being fashioned will not be fixed rather they will change and evolve While most countries are concerned about terrorism and properly so each country has a somewhat different perspective and different relationships views and concerns It should not be surprising that some countries will be supportive of some activities in which the U S is engaged while other countries will not Which group any country falls into will depend on the nature and location of the activity U15594 01 11-L-0559 OSD 491 We recognize that some countries will have to conceal or downplay their cooperation with us That needs to be understood and accepted 5 Fear We understand that people have fears-fear for themselves their families and their governments Therefore some will be reluctant to join an effort against terrorism or at least some aspects of our efforts Terrorists terrorize people We accept that fact However we need people's help and any information they can provide that will assist us A number of countries are helping quietly and we appreciate that Indeed we ask people across the globe to provide us any information they have that can help in rooting out terrorists and their networks 6 Aeainst Terrorism Not the People We are after terrorists and the regimes that support them This is not a war against the people of any country The regimes that support terrorism terrorize their own people as well We need to enlist all civilized people to oppose terrorism and we need to make it safe for them to do so 7 Not Against Islam This is not a war against Islam or any other religion The Al-Qaida terrorists are extremists whose views are antithetical to those of most Muslims Their actions threaten the interests of the world's Muslims and are aimed in part at preventing Muslim people from engaging the rest of the world There are millions of Muslims around the world who we expect to become allies in this struggle 8 Secondary Effects Finally there will be secondary effects We recognize that as we continue to go after terrorism our activities will have effects in a number of countries We have to accept that given the importance of the cause As a result relationships and alliances will likely be rearranged over the coming years DHR dh 091901-13 2 11-L-0559 OSD 492 snowflake September 20 2001 TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald 9 33AM Rumsfeld j SUBJECT Deployments We might want to have a standard statement on deployments Please get a draft to me I will look at it and then we can send it to other people I think everyone ought to answer those questions by referring them to the Pentagon Then we ought to have a specific answer Thanks DHR dh 092001-2 0 U1 7 l r _ 02 11-L-0559 OSD 493 snowflake September 21 2001 TO Steve Cambone CC Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 12 57 PM 1 SUBJECT Acadtnies Let's get the military academies focused on pushing Arabic language instruction soon Thanks DHR dh 092101-2 11-L-0559 OSD 494 TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE September 22 2001 SUBJECT New Cabinet Post -y-1 I have no information about what Tom Ridge's new office is going to be We certainly ought to make sure that no one suggests that it be the authority to call over here and tell us where to move troops We have the world to worry about Get the Deputy's Committee into that subject and find out what written materials exist Make sure that the Department is not put in a position that's untenable Thank you DHR azn 9 2201 03 U13105 02 11-L-0559 OSD 495 ' • snowflake - September 22 2001 8 56 AM TO Pete Aldridge FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Security Here is a memo that follows up on the memo I sent you the other day about getting DARPA to work on the problem of security for airports airplanes and seaports Newt Gingrich wrote the memo and it's first rate Please put some people on it establish a timeline and tell me when you think you can get back to me Thanks Attach 910 1 Gingrich memo Creating An American System of Security for Airports Airplanes and Seaports DHR dh 092201-2 Ul3099 02 11-L-0559 OSD 496 •Se p 19 '01 21 52 IRENE TYLER 804-725-7302 FFIX Creating An American System Of Security For Airports Airplanes And Seaports Newt Gingrich September 2001 When you drive through a toll booth at seventy miles an hour with the device on your windshield charging your credit card without stopping you are experiencing the American system of capital investment entrepreneurship science and technology It has been replacing the low capital low technology people intensive systems the long line at the toll booth waiting for change from the attendant As we confront 21 century terrorism with the threat of weapons of mass destruction we need to develQp much more powerful systems of security for ouraiQX rts ai Q lan and ports Ideally that system would use science and technology to maximize security while minimizing inconvenience Jt w ould be a-S¥Stcm oU pital investment with relatWdy low human costs DARPA is the only federal agency with the systems orientation the scientific relationships and the rapid contracting authority to develop a system of this sophistication It should be designed for both passengers and Freight including container cargo It should use the best of instrumentation combined with very high-speed computing to provide remarkable accuracy with great efficiency As an example it is conceivable that five years from now airline personnel could walk through a retinal scan without slowing down and be matched against their record Those who prefer not to do that could inconveniently stand in line for a traditional check It is conceivable that every container could be put through a high-speed analyser as it entered the United States and those companies or countries that wished to cooperate could actually check the containers before shipping in a supervised program Companies and countries that did not want to cooperate could end up in a long line to wait entry after inspection so just in time production would come from cooperative companies and countries Similarly we may want to think through defensive measures that could be built into airliners imagine devices that locked the plane into autopilot in the event of a takeover cat four planes can literally land themselves or imagine a cockpit designed to seal itself off in a crisis or to actively disarm terrorists This may seem like science fiction but so did nano-scale devices DNA analysis stealth and ultra high speed computing to people a generation ago With a driving entrepreneurial leader it should be possibletp make America the bestdefended country with minimum inconvenience to our citizens In the long run a high technology capital intensive system would also be the cheapest both in personnel costs to the government and in lost time to the economy SecDef should establish a DARPA very high priority project to develop optimised security using science and technology 11-L-0559 OSD 497 P l snowflake - September 22 2001 '1' 11 37 AM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld I SUBJECT CINC Travel Please draft a memo from me to the CINCs admonishing c tioning or raising the question about the extent to which they travel during the c ming period Thanks Col hJ Tf' o12EDHR dh 092201-13 P L'S bR_IJF- Ul3101 02 11-L-0559 OSD 498 w W J 'jflft ' September 22 2001 - _snowflake i ol'- 12 36 PM SUBJECT Jamie Mcintyre -- At some press conference when we are going up to the Hill for money and I am doing a press briefing I want to make a point of saying to Jamie Mcintyre that we need every hundred dollar bill we can get and see if he'll throw one 0 DHR dh 092201-22 Ul3104 02 11-L-0559 OSD 499 snowflake TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rwnsfeld DATE September 23 2001 SUBJECT Have somebody pull my confirmation hearings and take out where I said the thing that worried me the most when I went to sleep at night was intelligence failures and second pull out of there anything I said about transformation and asymmetrical threats and terrorism cruise missiles ballistic missiles and let's get those quotes elevated isolated in a piece of paper so we've got them f They were pfessioned as fate would have it Thank you DHR am 092301 26 11-L-0559 OSD 500 - QUOTES FROM SECRETARY RUMSFELD'S CONFIRMATION HEARING The problem of terrorism is an exceedingly serious one It's a problem for us in our homeland It's a problem for deployed forces It's a problem for our friends and allies And I think it was Lenin who said that the purpose of terrorism is to terrorize and that's what it does it changes people's behavior And the wonderful advantage is a terrorist can attack at any time in any place using any technique and it is physically impossible to defend at every time in every place against every technique • So it is not something that ends it is something you need to be attentive to It's something we need to have vastly better intelligence than we do today And it's something that needs to not simply be a Defense Department problem or a homeland defense problem but it's also a diplomatic problem We have to find ways to function in this world where we work with people and try to create an environment that is less hospitable to terrorists and to terrorism The end of the Cold War did not bring about an end to armed conflict or the end of challenges or threats to U S interests we know that Indeed the centrifugal forces in world politics have created a more diverse and less predictable set of potential adversaries whose aspirations for regional influence and whose willingness to use military force will produce challenges to important U S interests and to those of our friends and allies We all know that history is filled with instances where people were surprised There were plenty of signals plenty of warnings plenty of cautions but they weren't taken aboard they didn't register they weren't sufficient to cause a person to act on those concerns It wasn't that the information wasn't there it just didn't register As to a single big idea I don't know but it may be this It may be that one of the biggest things we have to do is what I mentioned earlier and that is recognize that the deterrents of the Cold War worked Those deterrents very likely will not work as well or as broadly as we will need during the period of this era of globalization or post-Cold War period or whatever we're going to end up calling it that the problems are different and the demands will be different and that we as a people have an obligation to be smart enough to think about those things and to see that we get arranged as a defense establishment with our allies so that in fact we dissuade people from doing things President-elect Bush has outlined three overarching goals for bringing U S armed forces into the 21st century First we must strengthen the bond of trust with the American military The brave and dedicated men and women who serve in our country's uniform active Guard and Reserve must get the best support their country can possibly provide them so that we can continue to call on the best people in the decades to come Second we must develop the capabilities to defend against missiles terrorism the newer threats against space assets and information systems as members of the committee have mentioned The American people our forces abroad and our friends and allies must be protected against the threats which modern technology and its proliferation confront us And third we must take advantage of the new possibilities that the ongoing technological revolution offers to create the military of the next century Meeting these challenges will require a cooperative effort between Congress and the Executive Branch and with industry and our allies as well If confirmed I look forward to developing a close working relationship with this committee and with the counterpart committees and the House of Representatives to achieve these goals and to fashion steps to help to transform our defense posture to address those new challenges 11-L-0559 OSD 501 Credible deterrence no longer can be based solely on the prospect of punishment through massive retaliation It must be based on a combination of offensive nuclear and non-nuclear defensive capabilities working together to deny potential adversaries the opportunity and the benefits that come from the threat or the use of weapons of mass destruction against our forces our homeland as well as those of our allies Well I've been made aware of Senator Frist's and Sen Kennedy's interests and Senator Roberts' I would rank bioterrorism quite high in terms of threats I think that it has the advantage that it does not take a genius to create agents that are enormously powerful and they can be done in mobile facilities in small facilities And I think it is something that merits very serious attention not just by the Department of Defense but by the country And I have an interest in it and certainly would intend to be attentive to it I want you to know that I understand the task facing the Department of Defense is enormously complex It is not a time to preside and tweak and calibrate what's going on It is a time to take what's been done to start this transformation and see that it is continued in a way that hopefully has many many more right decisions than wrong decisions We also need to make darn sure that we're dealing with our allies in a way that they are brought along We're not alone in this world we have some enormously important allies in Asia and in Europe and friends in other parts of the world and I think that those relationships as well are terribly important I have had an impression over the years that we have a significant role in helping to deter aggression in the world and the way you do that is to be arranged to defend in the event you need to Having been at NATO and looking at different countries and what the different countries bring to that alliance it's pretty obvious that the United States has some things we bring to it that are notably different from some of the other countries It is also true that the other countries can bring significant things And I don't think that it's necessarily true that the United States has to become a great peacekeeper if you will I think we need to have capabilities as you're suggesting that are distinct from war-fighting capabilities But I also think other countries can participate in these activities that are needed in the world from time to time and bring -- they can bring the same capabilities we can to that type of thing whereas they cannot bring the same capabilities we can for example with respect to airlift or sealift or intelligence gathering or a variety of other things I've met with Saddam Hussein and I met with the elder Assad as Middle East envoy and these people are intelligent they're survivors they're tough They don't think like we do and goodness knows they don't behave like we do with respect to their neighbors or their own people that's why this intelligence gathering task we have as a country is so much more important today not just because of proliferation but because the weapons are so powerful And it's not a matter of counting beans in Russia how many missiles how many ships how many tanks It's a matter of knowing a lot more about attitudes and behaviors and motivations and how you can alter their behavior to create a more peaceful world 11-L-0559 OSD 502 • 4 • I would repeat what l said about the importance of considerably improving our intelligence capabilities so that we know more about what people think and how they behave and how their behavior can be altered and what the capabilities are in this world I think the goal ought not to be to win a war The goal ought to be to be so strong and so powerful that you can dissuade people from doing things they otherwise would do and you don't have to even fight the war That takes me to the second point The second point is I don't know that I really understand what deters people today Because I don't think one thing deters everybody I think we need to understand that there are different parts of the world There are different types of leaders with different motivations And we have to do a lot better job of thinking through deterrence and assuring that we've done the best job possible - 11-L-0559 OSD 503 snowflake - September 24 2001 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Comments on Islam 9 53 AM jL The argument that we are fighting Islam is nonsense We have come to the aid of Muslims several times the biggest being the Kosovo air war and Bosnia and we ought to get a couple of examples and get them into my talking points Thanks DHR dh 092401-1 11-L-0559 OSD 504 -JD N snowflake September 24 2001 2 27 PM TO V ADM Giambastiani Larry Di Rita CC Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Preparation for Meetings I received four papers from Feith Wolfowitz and others 30 minutes before I left for the PC meeting on Sunday I told them I thought they really ought to stop doing work for me if I won't have time to read it It is good work and it could be helpful but often it arrives at a time where it does me no good If I see it after the meeting is over I assume it is OBE so I never read it It concerns me to see these busy people wasting time God bless them-they are smart able people they are working their tails off Why don't we have a rule that unless they can get me a piece of paper 24 or 36 hours in advance don't bother Thanks DHR dh 092401-IS U13115 02 11-L-0559 OSD 505 snowflake September 24 2001 11 45 AM SUBJECT NSC The NSC is tactically not strategically oriented It is a problem _ - J - DHR dh · 092401-16 '-1 0 - ' ' I ' U13114 02 11-L-0559 OSD 506 yicp gl 1 tJ September 25 2001 TO Doug Feith cc Paul Wolfowitz Peter Rodman J D Crouch FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 23 PM Vi SUBJECT Clearance In thinking through one of the problems between State and Defense we have to make sure that none of your people at the levels below you folks end up clearing things and then getting it up to you and you not agreeing and then we have to go back and undo the clearance with State and NSC We ought to be able to avoid that I am told that in one instance Collins or somebody approved something and then you folks changed that In any event Colin hopes we will be able to not give approval until we have it all the way up to the top Thanks DHR dh 092501-g U1 3 J 2 it I 0 2 11-L-0559 OSD 507 snowflake September 26 2001 TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rurnsfeld SUBJECT Oil Pipelines 10 43 AM YJ t Should we think about something with respect to protecting our oil pipelines in terms of homeland defense and should we put anything in the QDR like Ted Stevens suggested Thanks DHR dh 092601-6 Ul31 C 02 11-L-0559 OSD 508 September 27 2001 TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld 8 25 AM 1 - SUBJECT Herman Pirchner Here is a letter from Herman Pirchner a friend of mine that someone in your shop should act on Thanks Attach 9 24 01 Pirchner ltr to SecDef DHR dh 092701-10 11-L-0559 OSD 509 AMERICAN FOREIGN I- POLICY COUNCIL MR HERMAN PIRCHNER JR September 24 2001 PRESIDENT DR j MICHAEL WALLER VICE PRESIDENT DR RON NELSON TREASURER Ms SANDRA BosTIAN P•OGAAM DtRECTO' The Honorable Donald Rumsfeld 2206 Kalorama Road NW Washington DC 20008 BOARD OF DIRECTORS MR JON ETHERTON DR CHRISTOPHER MANION Dear Mr Secretary DR RON NELSON MR HERMAN PIRCHNER JR MR ALFRED REGNERY MR RICHARD SCHWARTZ MR ALUN M T AYLOR BOARD OF ADVISORS DR FRED IKLE SEN ROBERT WKASTEN JR HoN SEELEY G Loow1CK AMe RICHARD McCORMACK GEN WILLIAM E ODOM Under a Smith-Richardson grant AFPC Senior Fellow Elie Krakowski hs been exploring ways to replace the Taliban government During the past year he has held discussions with relevant officials in Pakistan India Russia Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Tajikistan China and an anti-Taliban area of Afghanistan DR WILLIAM SCHNEIDER JR www afpc ort Someone from your policy shop should debrief him His phone is 410-764-3980 Best wishes 6chner Jr President PS Liz and I join millions of other Americans who sleep better at night because you are our Secretary of Defense 1521 16TH STREET N W•• WASHINGTON D C 20036 TEL 202 462-6055 FAX 202 462-6045 11-L-0559 OSD 510 snowflake September 28 2001 2 53 PM TO Jim Haynes FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Spy Please look at this article about a spy-another person we let off with a sentence that is too light Attach 9 28 01 Tampa Tribune Spy Sentenced to Life in Prison - DHR dh 092801-6 U1 3 1 11-L-0559 OSD 511 u I 02 - The usage rate of preci Aircraft are expensive sion-guided munitions has beasts to maintain said Richbeen growing said Gregory ard Aboulafia an analyst with Fetter an analyst with Forecast the Teal Group International Inc They were the stars of the Balkans Chicago-based Boeing New York Times may have trouble increasing September28 2001 JDAM production because it 49 In A Military Town already had been meeting a surge in demand because of Osama's Place Cafe Is Tastconflict in the former Yugo- ing Tolerance By Stephen Kinzer slavia he said An Air Force report said SPRING LAKE N C supplies of JDAMS were de- Sept 26 - In a town full of pleted severely after that con- soldiers on the edge of Fort flict and production simula- Bragg there could be worse tions showed that suppliers names for a restaurant these wouldn't be able to meet future days than Osama's Place but it surges in demand according to is hard to think of any That however is the Aerospace Daily a trade publication Boein spokesman name of a homey little cafe Robert Algarott1 declined to here An American flag now comment hangs near the front door and Shares of Boeing rose 11 only a few regular customers cents to $34 40 today They have stopped coming in have fallen 48 percent this Others say they feel sorry year primarily on concern re- for the unfortunate owner and garding the company's com- wish him well when they order their burgers or pita sandmercial-aircraft business wiches Spare Parts Boeing and other makers The name Osama has long of missiles including Ray- been an honorable one in the theon and Lockheed may have Arab world It means ''big cat to boost production because and the walls of Osama's Place missile inventories can be de- are decorated with framed picpleted quickly in wartime ana- tures of lions and tigers But the fact that this is the given lysts said Larry Dickerson an ana- name of a most reviled terrorist lyst at Forecast International has given it a tinge that sends said missiles typically take shudders down some spines Osama's Place was opened about 10 months to make Aircraft en ine makers in 1997 by Osama Yousef a General Electnc Co and Jordanian who settled in North United Technologies Corp 's Carolina more than a decade Pratt Whitney also may see ago It is a pleasant spot with a a boost because of more demand for parts and spares ana- handful of tables and behind a Formica counter a short-order lysts said Textron Inc maker of grill Roof fans turn languidly Bell helicopters may see sales in the autumn wannth In 1999 Mr Yousef sold rise if there is a protracted war CEO Lewis Campbell wouldn't the restaurant to another Jorsay if the military has asked danian Ghassan Mustafa who chose not to change its name for production increases If and when the nation This was already a popugears up for stronger military lar place and people around actions there are many many here knew it by a certain Bell helicopters Campbell name Mr Mustafa said on a said in an interview That recent evening ''Now I'm havusually means an increase in ing bad luck Since declarations by spares and replacement part American leaders that this volumes going up Smiths Group Plc a U K - month's terrorist attacks were based aircraft components probably planned by Osama maker expects an increase in bin Laden some customers orders for spare parts for F-16 have urged Mr Mustafa to fighter jets and Chinook heli- change his restaurant's name copters said CEO Keith But- He seems uncertain how to respond ler-Wheelhouse I'm not going to do it he said defiantly at one point When Timothy McVeigh did that terrorism in Oklahoma nobody who owned a place called Timothy's changed the name So why should I '' Later however one of Mr Mustafa's waitresses Tina Jeter said several people she knows had urged her to quit She has heard others curse the restaurant's owner and suggest that he might have been connected to the attacks A few Ms Jeter said have ev told her they would i to bomb Osama's Place Mr Mus fa a M uslim looked surpnsed and ' hurt You never told me that he said I didn't want to get you upset or hurt your feelings Ms Jeter replied That sent Mr Mustafa who is 27 into silent reflection Maybe I should think about changing the name he said after a few moments People are very frustrated these days I love this country as much as I love my own country I work 12 hours a day six days a week People here all know me Butwhatifsomeonewho isn't from here drives by and gets some crazy idea '' Business at Osama's Place is steady for most of the day and evening No one seems uncomfortable ordering house specialties like Osama's Steak Sub or Osama's Chicken Calzone Muslims come in all shapes and colors one woman said as she picked up a takeout order If anything happens while I'm in here I hope I'd have the courage to stand up against it Many families in Spring Lake have at least one member who is posted at Fort Bragg Dozens of them have been and still are regulars at Osama's Place A lot of people might not want to come in here but not necessarily people from the base Sgt Rick Young said as he waited for his pizza They're often more educated than you might think Mr Mustafa's cousin Mohammed Mahmoud helps be- hind the counter He said he shared the anger that most Americans were now feeling I don't think anything is going to happen to us Mr Malunoud said sounding less than certain American people are very smart and they wouldn't do anything against us ---- 1- ll- A Ai -- - -- Tampa Tn bur e- · September 2 S 2001 ' SO Spy Sentenced To Life Prison By Paula Christian TAMPA - A soldier known as the perfect spy stood at attention and without displaying a shred of remorse accepted his punishment Thursday for 25 years of betraying his country Life in prison George Trofunoff won't be remembered as history's most-famous spy But he goes to federal prison at age 75 with dubious distinction Trofimoff who passed military secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War was the longest-working spy in U S history federal prosecutors said A retired colonel in the Army Reserve he also is the highest-ranking officer ever convicted of esp10nage Trofimoft's spy work was so damaging prosecutors said that it might have changed the world if the United States and the Soviets had gone to war The events of this past month really show how fragile our national security is said Department of Justice prosecutor Laura Ingersoll What Trofimoft d i d f o r 20-plus years with the Soviet Union could have had consequences we can only be grateful we never had to face Trofimoff originally faced 27 to 33 years in prison But he received a life sentence in part because President Bush asked for it Assistant Secretary of Defense John Stenbit wrote to the presiding judge on the president's behalf asking that Trofimoff spend the rest of his life behind bars Anything less page 41of47 11-L-0559 OSD 512 « -· snowflake September 29 2001 9 00 AM B-iaJJ dl oo 1 -02 _ TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld a SUBJECT Correspondence Related to Attacks Let's make sure l send notes to all the people who were killed or wounded in the Pentagon attack and also the military or civilian workers who may have been in G any of the four airplanes that crashed Thanks DHR dh 09290 1-9 02 11-L-0559 OSD 513 snowflake September 29 2001 2 05 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Thinking I ought to meet with the three Service Secretaries and tell them what I see as the problem in the building that everyone is looking at things in the old think way Thanks DHR dh 092901-17 U1 3 1 ' i I 0 2 11-L-0559 OSD 514 snowflake September 29 2001 4 13 PM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld f SUBJECT Big Picture As we go forward we are going to be making a lot of changes-standing joint task -- forces unified command areas of responsibility program decisions weapon system decisions etc Every time we do it we ought to get the releases written in a way so they tie back to the QDR and to the Defense Planning Guidance We ought to have a regular rhythm so we always reach into those documents and pull out things we said previously Also reach back into my confirmation hearing other testimony and the President's Citadel speech so we keep showing the foundation and the progression sequentially A good time to start is in this major speech we have been developing We ought to be thinking about doing that as we do every press briefing Thanks DHR dh 092901-24 11-L-0559 OSD 515 fi If' 1 I -' TO Tony Dolan FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE September 30 2001 iL iJeJQ O oo1 q SUBJECT Regarding the letter to the people who were killed or wounded in the attack on the Pentagon or who were involved in any of the four aircraft that crashed you might want to take a look at the letter Forrestal wrote my father A copy is in my interoffice Not that it is appropriate but as a style it is excellent You might want to think about that Thank you DHR azn 093001 02 11-L-0559 OSD 516 snowflake October 1 2001 7 55 AM TO General Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld y SUBJECT Information Ops We asked to see the leaflets and the radios to get our arms around that I think the CJ time is now - Thanks DHR dh 100101-2 u12032 102 11-L-0559 OSD 517 - snowflake October 1 2001 8 55 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld 14' SUBJECT Response Here is an e-mail on Canada Let's get Tony Dolan to draft a letter from me to Gordon Sinclair that says what ought to be said God bless him You've got to love somebody who stands up for you when things are tough When our hostages went to their embassy in Tehran the Canadians risked their lives to protect them They have been there time and time again in every effort we have been involved in They are truly a neighbor one would pray for Thanks Attach 9 14 0 1 e-mail of Canadian article DHR clh 100101-10 U12871 02 11-L-0559 OSD 518 v ft tt ll' 91' rct -mat 1 v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v y v v v v v v v v v Oi 1 HS lrUH t d ' t- l I I ns ·ff I r J' flt1 t Ii l tft i II t 'I a fI f cI ' r1 ll 1'ii i t t t ii -m J l 1 f1 1· l·• f 11 hH· a •1 J_lf l ht iw A I fl I I 1· I I I I II -· a· · l •• IC 1 I I I ti U' IE O I c - l i '5 I rliJ j f I i 'iHHi 1 · 1j· a ·I Ir · a 1 - I I or • s fii f· l h h l ' I - • g I I 11 N r i · II - i t f jffi -1' i C1 I iilf'I 1§1 c c 11-L-0559 OSD 519 ii I I ' 0 Gt v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v ' v v v v 't v v v v v v v vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv ' 1 n•nru n 'ti 11 ut 1 ' · l1 u· '1t' 'It riu I -tf f Jtllflt 1· 11'1 h l ll··f I · I a l I - 5h ia 1 n x li r Jl HrP 1 R 1 j I t I fl I • C 'I Jtl J ii Uf-lw •JUH U ir u •iiJfi •J • ·pt ·r 1lwttl1l l - t l I io --11 · lotitfS t18 II 1- r l·J § I i I l i cc 11-L-0559 OSD 520 YQ ' October 2 2001 8 41 AM TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT E-mail on Afghanistan 1' You may want to circulate this e-mail It is kind of interesting Thanks Attach 912810 1 e-mail DHR dh 100201-7 U1287j 02 11-L-0559 OSD 521 - DiRita Larry CIV 050 David_Davis@hutchison senate gov Friday September 28 20013 54 PM larry dirita@osd pentagon mil Must Read - From Sent To Subject oc r_HAs 8fEN 1 20QJ Subject Author Date Forward Header Grunt Special IMPORTANT READ SendMeHack@aol com at internet 9 28 2001 1 49 PM THIS IS AN IMPORTANT READ TO GET THIS DOCUMENT IN THE HA KNOWING WAS WRITTEN BY A HIS CLASSMATES AFGHANISTAN FROM IT MAX CIRCULATION AND DECISION MAKERS TRY YOUR EN IS THE MOST IMPORTANT KEY TO WAR THIS LETTER VERY B HT AND AFGHANISTAN STREET-SMART WEST POINT GRAD TO HE WS THE TERRAIN THE ENEMY AND THE WEATHER IN B NG THERE NOT FROM BOOKS ADVICE INTO YOUR BRAINS WIN -- IF WE ALL HANG IN THERE UNTIL IT'S OVER OVER THERE HACK CLASSMATES Many of you are probably not aware that I was one of the last American citizens to have spent a great deal of time in Afghanistan I was first there in 1993 providing relief and assistance to refugees along the Tajik border and in this capacity have traveled all along the border region between the two countries In 1998 and 1999 I was the Deputy Program Manager for the UN's mine action program in Afghanistan This program is the largest civilian employer in the country with over 5 000 persons clearing mines and UXO In this later capacity I was somewhat ironically engaged in a Holy War as decreed by the Taliban against the evil of landmines and by a special proclamation of Mullah Omar all those who might have died in this effort were considered to be martyrs even an infidel like myself The mine action program is the most respected relief effort in the country and because of this I had the opportunity to travel extensively without too much interference or restriction I still have extensive contacts in the area and among the Afghan community and read a great deal on the subject I had wanted to write earlier and share some of my perspectives but quite frankly I have been a bit too popular in DC this past week and have not had time Dr Tony Kern's comments were excellent and I would like to use them as a basis for sharing some observations First he is absolutely correct This war is about will resolve and character I want to touch on that later but first I want to share some comments about ou·r enemy - Our enemy is not the people of Afghanistan The country is devastated beyond what most of us can imagine The vast majority of the people live day-to-day hand-to-mouth in abject conditions of poverty misery and 11-L-0559 OSD 522 - deprivation Less than 30% of the men are literate the women even less The country is exhausted and desperately wants something like peace They know very little of the world at large and have no access to informa ion or knowledge that would counter what they are being told by the Taliban They have nothing left nothing that is except for their pride Who is our enemy Well our enemy to by the Afghans as Arabs and a their military cohort the Taliban over the Islamic world to fight in using a covert network created with is a group of non-Afghans often referred fanatical group of religious leaders and The non-Afghan contingent came from all the war against the Russians Many came assistance by our own government as Osama bin Laden was referred to by us in the country atthe tim restored this network to bring in more fighters this time to support the Taliban in their civil war against the former Mujehdeen Over time this military support along with financial support has allowed OBL and his 'Arabs' to co-opt significant government activities and leaders OBL is the inspector general of Taliban armed forces his bodyguards protect senior Talib leaders and he has built a system of deep bunkers for the Taliban which were designed to withstand cruise missile strikes uhm where did he learn to do that His forces basically rule the southern city of Kandahar OBL This high-profile presence of OBL and his Arabs has in the last 2 years or started to generate a great deal of resentment on the part of the local Afghans At the same time the legitimacy of the Taliban regime has started to decrease as it has failed to end the war as local humanitarian conditions have worsened and as cultural restrictions have become even harsher so It is my assessment that most Afghans no longer support the Taliban Indeed the Taliban have recently had a very difficult time getting recruits for their forces and have had to rely more and more on non-Afghans either from Pushtun tribes in Pakistan or from OBL OBL and the Taliban absent any US action were probably on their way to sharing the same fate that all other outsiders and outside doctrines have experienced in Afghanistan -- defeat and dismemberment During the Afghan war with the Soviets much attention was paid to the martial prowess of the Afghans We were all at West Point at the time and most of us had high-minded idealistic thoughts about how we would all want to go help the brave freedom fighters in their struggle against the Soviets Those concepts were naive to the extreme The Afghans while never conquered as a nation are not invincible in battle A good Afghan battle is one that makes a lot of noise and light Basic military skills are rudimentary and clouded by cultural constraints that no matter what a warrior should never lose his honor Indeed firing from the prone is considered distasteful but still done Traditionally the Afghan order of battle is very feudal in nature with fighters owing allegiance to a commander and this person owing allegiance upwards and so on and so on Often such allegiance is secured by payment And while the Taliban forces have changed this somewhat many of the units in the Taliban army are there because they are being paid to be there All such groups have very strong loyalties along ethnic and tribal lines Again the concept of having a place of honor and respect is of paramount importance and blood feuds between families and tribes can last for generations over a perceived or actual slight That is one reason why there were 7 groups of Mujehdeen fighting the Russians It is a very difficult task to form and keep united a large bunch of Afghans into a military formation The real stories that have come out of the war against the Soviets are very enlightening and a lot different from our fantastic visions as cadets When the first batch of Stingers came in and were given to one Mujehdeen group another group -- supposedly on the same side -- attacked the first group and stole the Stingers not so much because they wanted to use them 11-L-0559 OSD 523 ® but because having them was a matter of prestige Many larger coordinated attacks that advisers tried to conduct failed when all the various Afghan fighting groups would give up their assigned tasks such as blocking or overwatch and instead would join the assault group in order to seek glory In comparison to Vietnam the intensity of combat and the rate of fatalities were lower for all involved As you can tell from above it is my assessment that these guys are not THAT good in a purely military sense and the Arabs probably even less so than the Afghans So why is it that they have never been conquered It goes back to Dr Kern's point about will During their history the only events that have managed to form any semblance of unity among the Afghans is the desire to fight foreign invaders And in doing this the Afghans have been fanatical The Afghans' greatest military strength is the ability to endure hardships that would in all probability kill most Americans and enervate the resolve of all but the most elite military units The physical difficulties of fighting in Afghanistan the terrain the weather and the harshness are all weapons that our enemies will use to their advantage and use well NOTE For you military planner types and armchair generals around November 1st most road movement is impossible in part because all the roads used by the Russians have been destroyed and air movement will be problematic at best Also those fighting us are not afraid to fight OBL and others do not think the US has the will or the stomach for a fight Indeed after the absolutely inane missile strikes of 1998 the overwhelming consensus was that we were cowards who would not risk one life in face-to-face combat Rather than demonstrating our might and acting as a deterrent that action and others of the not so recent past have reinforced the perception that the - _ US does not have any will and that we are morally and spiritually corrupt Our challenge is to play to the weaknesses of our enemy notably their propensity for internal struggles the distrust between the extremists Arabs and the majority of Afghans their limited ability to fight coordinated battles and their lack of external support More importantly through is that we have to take steps not to play to their strengths which would be to unite the entire population against us by increasing their suffering or killing innocents to get bogged down trying to hold terrain or to get into a battle of attrition chasing up and down mountain valleys I have been asked how I would fight the war This is a big question and well beyond my pay grade or expertise And while I do not want to second guess current plans or start an academic debate I would share the following from what I know about Afghanistan and the Afghans First I would give the Northern Alliance a big wad of cash so that they can buy off a chunk of the Taliban army before winter Second also with this cash I would pay some guys to kill some of the Taliban leadership making it look like an inside job to spread distrust and build on existing discord Third I would support the Northern alliance with military assets but not take it over or adopt so high a profile as to undermine its legitimacy in the eyes of most Afghans Fourth would be to give massive amounts of humanitarian aid and assistance to the Afghans in Pakistan in order to demonstrate our goodwill and to give these guys a reason to live rather than the choice between dying of starvation or dying fighting the infidel Fifth start a series of public works projects in areas of the country not under Taliban control these are much more than the press reports again to demonstrate goodwill and that - _improvements come with peace Sixth I would consider very carefully putting any female service members into Afghanistan proper -- sorry to the females of 11-L-0559 OSD 524 our class but within that Culture a man who allows a women to fight for him has zero respect and we will need respect to gain the cooperation of Afghan allies No Afghan will work with a man who fights with women I would hold off from doing anything too dramatic in the new term keeping a low level of covert action and pressure up over the winter allowing this pressure to force open the fissions around the Taliban that were already developing -- expect that they will quickly turn on themselves and on OBL We can pick up the pieces next summer or the summer after When we do pick up the pieces I would make sure that we do so on the ground man to man While I would never want to advocate American causalities it is essential that we communicate to DBL and all others watching that we can and will engage and destroy the enemy in close combat As mentioned above we should not try to gain or hold terrain but Infantry operations against the enemy are eSSential There can be no excuses after the defeat or lingering doubts in the minds of our enemies regarding American resolve and nothing nothing will communicate this except for ground combat And once this is all over unlike in 1989 the US must provide continued long-term economic assistance to rebuild the country While I have written too much already I think it is also important to share a few things on the subject of brutality Our opponents will not abide by the Geneva conventions There will be no prisoners unless there is a chance that they can be ransomed or made part of a local prisoner exchange During the war with the Soviets videotapes were made of communist prisoners having their throats slit Indeed there did exist a trade in prisoners so that souvenir videos could be made by outsiders to take home with them This practice has spread to the Philippines Bosnia and Chechnya where videos are being made today and can be found on the web for those so inclined We can expect our soldiers to be treated the same way Sometime during this war I expect that we will see videos of US prisoners having their heads out off Our enemies will do this not only to demonstrate their strength to their followers but also to cause us to overreact to seek wholesale revenge against civilian populations and to turn this into the world wide religious war that they desperately want This will be a test of our will and of our character For further collaboration of this type of activity please read Kipling This will not be a pretty war it will be a war of wills of resolve and somewhat conversely of compassion and of a character Towards our enemies we must show a level of ruthlessness that has not been part of our military character for a long time But to those who are not our enemies we must show a level of compassion probably unheard of during war We should do this not for humanitarian reasons even though there are many but for shrewd military logic For anyone who is still reading this way too long note thanks for your patience I will try to answer any questions that may arise in a more concise manner Thanks Gang Wednesday I gave you the address of a site on rumors that does not function correctly seems to change every time I try to go there and has r xlots of pop-ups so you'll have to get there indirectly by using this address q Ocrober 2 2001 TO Doug Feith FROM Donald RumsfeJd v 6 00 PM SUBJECT India Let's get going on mil-to-mil with India Thanks DHR dh 100201-20 U12874 02 11-L-0559 OSD 526 _ 9 11 October 8 2001 TO Paul Wolfowitz CC Dov Zakheim Tom White FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Providing to States 6 15 PM 1v In thinking about it anything the Pentagon provides to states free without reimbursement they will want a lot of Anything we charge them for will cause them to be judicious and responsible in their requests It is much like health care-if an employee has to pay each time he goes to the doctor he is much more careful about how often he goes I think we ought to be very careful about what we do in this regard Please give me a report as to where we sta s far-what we are giving free and what we are charging for Thanks DHR dh 100801-14 U12876 02 11-L-0559 OSD 527 snowflake October 10 2001 8 41 AM TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld 1 SUBJECT Costs of Campaign _ 0 At some point we are going to have to figure out what all this is costing us and how we are going to pay for it We need to determine how it will affect other 0 - things and what we need to do in advance so we don't get stuck in a hole Please think it through talk to Paul and come back to me Thanks OHR db 101001 -8 11-L-0559 OSD 528 Ul 7 B3 I 01 snowflake - October 10 2001 12 29 PM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Visuals I I need to start seeing films overheads video and ph I haven't seen any more of those NIMA photos of starving people going acrq8s the landscape I am seeing very little Everyone in the room is seeing all kin JS of video and pictures and talking about them and I have no idea what they'are talking about I Why don't you assign Jacoby-that is sometqing useful he could do Thanks DHR dh 101001-12 U12884 02 11-L-0559 OSD 529 µ1 t t snowflake - October 10 200112 31 Pl '1 TO VADMGiambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld ' SUBJECT UBL We should be getting a daily report on UBL and where '6ey think he is Thanks DHR dh 101001-14 U1288 02 11-L-0559 OSD 530 snowflake October 10 2001 2 38 PM TO Larry Di Rita Torie Clarke cc Powell Moore FROM Donald SUBJECT Communication of Classified Material to Congress Rumsf At the NSC meeting on October 10 2001 the President said Colin and I could as an accommodation to Congress brief our committees on classified materials in a way that we feel is appropriate - Powell if they are still blocking our bill or blocking our confirmations because of the Presidential memo we ought to get this word to them fast This is not a backing off of the President's original memo This is a reflection of what was meant and as an accommodation to Congress that there is a full recognition that the members of the Appropriations and Armed Services Committee need to be able to deal with classified matter that the Secretary determines is appropriate Thanks DHR dh 101001-17 U1288l 02 11-L-0559 OSD 531 snowflake October 13 2001 TO Gen Myers FROM Donald 12 07 PM Rumsfeld SUBJECT Interagency Activities I will leave it in your hands to solve the Europe and Pacific commands issues on visibility into interagency activities Thanks DHR dh 101301-11 '-J 0 - U12029 02 11-L-0559 OSD 532 • October 13 2001 12 21 PM - TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Suggestion from John Robson If you think this letter from John Robson is worth feeding into the IO people go a head and do it Thanks Attach I 0 09 0 I Robson ltr to SecDef DHR dh 101301-12 ' i U12897 02 11-L-0559 OSD 533 1 10 -Il 200111 58 FAX 301565 3513 002 OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN SECDEF HAs SEEN OCT 13 2001 ExPORT-lMPORT BANK Jo11t1 E R08SO OF THE UNrrfD STAru CHAJll MA I 1D PllESIOEN'T O ­ ' rCh October 9 2001 ·· The Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld Secretary Department of Defense 1000 Defense The Pentagon Washington DC 20301-1 000 Fax 703 697-8339 Don There is one area where it seems to me the near term campaign against terrorism and probably the long term might be strengthened That is mounting a persistent powerful global media effort to depict Bin Laden and his terrorist successors personally as savage bloodthirsty inhuman and beyond the pale of humanity civilization and the core teachings of Islam I conjure up articles cartoons TV and radio of Bin Laden as a monster feasting on his innocent victims blood and fragments of flesh dripping from his teeth clips of the recent victims body parts etc juxtaposed with for example his TV remarks on Sunday at the time of the first attacks Maybe something like this is already under way but the basic idea would be to put together a U S led global media effort to keep projecting this image of Bin Laden across the world and do so in friendly media and other public outlets where it may be very difficult to gain entry e g Muslim media My guess is we would have a big learning curve and would need to enlist people who possess sensitivity and understanding of how messages are effectively Sent in difficult to penetrate situations But it strikes me that this part of the campaign is essential You are doing great My best regards f All 292J % _3 13 A IL IOMl llOlllO CO I 11 VIJWOt- 'T AVENUE N W WASHINGTON 0 C 20571 PJ 01'11 f Z02 ·3SO l 11-L-0559 OSD 534 G b snowflake October 15 2001 7 37 AM TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT National Interest Assessment w C- ° We ought to think about a national interest assessment Brzezinski suggested it How to deal with the states that may have been involved regardless of whether they were or not because they may be involved in the future We have to create the right climate in the country so that that is doable DHR dh IOS l-13 · 4 Ul291 11-L-0559 OSD 535 02 snowflake October 13 2001 2 42 PM TO Torie Clarke Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld - SUBJECT Sources of Fire There are three ways civilians could be killed 1 From errant US missiles 2 From Taliban ground fire 3 From opposition forces this is the third one I could not remember earlier We should keep that in mind Thanks DHR dh 101301-21 U1 2 8 · I 0 2 11-L-0559 OSD 536 o pO October 15 2001 8 20 AM TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfelcl7 SUBJECT UAVs Would you please get program decision memoranda drafted to instruct the Services to do what they should on UAVs After you get them drafted Pete Aldridge has gone over them and all of us are comfortable let's just send them down We need to quit begging them to do what is right and just tell them to Thanks DHR dh 101501-7 -Ul2906 02 11-L-0559 OSD 537 snowflake October 15 2001 9 18 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Briefings for Senior DoD I want to get Tommy Thompson over sometime to speak to the senior people at DoD about homeland defense and what he is doing I also think we might want to get John Ashcroft over sometime to talk to our senior civilian and military people Make sure we fill the room each time Thanks DHR dh 101501-16 --Ul2909 02 11-L-0559 OSD 538 pi snowflake October 15 2001 9 23 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld D SUE3 JECT Chronology D c - Please let me know exactly what time 124 064t El fr i First tower at WTC was hit I oj 2 Second tower at WTC was hit 0'102 t i I Pentagon was hit 33 e 9 1 - El Aircraft crashed in Pennsylvania' 403 2- 002 El Thanks 71 -lb k l DHR dh 101501-17 I I I J l o ' cntfJ f di a_ Y 1¥¥s 1 cl f A bf'A -- u129- _ 102 11-L-0559 OSD 539 i 'I ' 1 snowflake - October 15 2001 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 11 02 AM SUBJECT McCaffrey E-mail See if you can get that McCaffi'ey e-mail I would like to read it Thanks DHR dh 101501-22 Ul 90J 11-L-0559 OSD 540 02 - War Without End Page 1 of2 • Wall Street Journal October 10 200 1 War Without End Following is an e-mail exchange that occurred Sept 19 between a senior cadet at West Point and one of his professors retired Gen Barry McCaffrey From 1996-2001 Gen McCaffrey served as the director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy He earned three Purple Hearts in Vietnam and led the 24th Mechanized Infantry Division in the Persian Gulf War Cadet Could you describe what you think the United States should consider as an endstate on the matter of dealing with terrorists Eradication containment or some other option And what would the United States consider the literal and figurative center of gravity Gen McCaffrey Great issue to consider we have too liberally borrowed from the language of science to deal with the imperfections of political and security analysis There will be no endstate we will if successful manage this chronic threat to our survival economy and self-confidence by dramatically lowering the risk We will build a series of defensive programs that will make a multiple order of magnitude increase in our day-to-day security Second we will form a coalition based on common danger Much of the globe will join us to leverage foreign intelligence services and security forces to fight these FTO's forward in the battle area Finally we will at last take the gloves off and use integrated military power to find fix and destroy these organizations We are going to disrupt these people thru pre-emptive attack we will deceive them we will run psyops on them at selected points and times they will be killed suddenly in significant numbers and without warning Tomahawk missiles 2000 lb laser guided weapons dropped from B2's or F22's at very high altitude remote control booby traps blackmail and at places small groups of soldiers or Seals will appear in total darkness blow down the doors and kill them at close range with automatic weapons and hand grenades We will find their money and freeze it We will arrest their front agents We will operate against their recruiting and transportation functions We will locate their training areas and surveill or mine them We will isolate them from their families We will try to dominate their communication function and alternately listen jam or spoof it We will make their couriers disappear If we can find out how they eat or play or receive rewards or where they sleep we will go there and kill them by surprise The military component will be a supporting but lesser aspect of a strategy that will be based fundamentally on diplomatic and economic leverage to compel cooperation with international law Of prime importance we must reduce the environmental factors that feed this type of extremist madness foreign aid must be dramatically increased to address the misery and poverty of the Palestinians the Afghans the Sudanese and others We must also not be unwilling to confront the State sponsors of terror Iraq Iran Sudan Cuba North Korea none can be allowed to provide the base for another sickening strike against our civilian population or our Allies Conventional military power will be used at the end of the day to place at risk those states who present a direct threat to our security If deterrence does not work with coherent political and economic measures in support of a threat capability then their political will http ebird dtic mil Oct2001 e2001 l OlOwithout htm 11-L-0559 OSD 541 10 15 2001 t • War Without End Page 2 of2 must be shattered with overwhelming violence directed at their armed forces and the political decision-makers The big challenge will be to organize America to protect our transportation our economic activity our entertainment etc with minimal invasion of our privacy and our free movement We will constrain domestic law enforcement through the protection of our Judicial System We will ensure the unfettered operation of a free press We will have to be zealous to protect the Bill of Rights and the dignity and safety of foreigners living among us during this war We can do all of this We have no option The American people will depend on you and your fellow soldiers to step forward and stand between us and the barbarians http ebird dtic miVOcQOO l e200 1101 Owithout htm 11-L-0559 OSD 542 10 15 2001 snow ake TO FROM W5 Donald Rumsfeldm SUBJECT Your Suggestion at 37 October 15 2001 11 08 AM Thanks for your note of 9125 It is a good idea I am not dictating but I am making some notes I ll think about trying to convert I i odh 101501-25 U12902 IUZ 25 6W I GI - - WV ' 8ECDa 1-MSa DR OCT 15 Some years ago someone aybe Muggy H offmann suggested you keep· a diary You did for awhile and I have it in the safe This is an outrageous thing to suggest but since l spend time archiving now it came to n1c that this would also be a good time for you to dictate maybe two minutes each night your personal impressions and feelings of the day You could keep a Dictaphone on your night table and record your thoughts at day's end When the tape is full you could send it to me for transcription and I could keep your notes in the safe It would also help when you write your someday book Just a thought NP 9 25 01 P S Thanks for your note It meant the world 11-L-0559 OSD 544 200J snowflake October 15 2001 11 42 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeldh 3 SUBJECT A1 Hunt I saw CNN or whatever it was last night-A1 Hunt said that Rumsfeld says the US doesn t have any interest in a post-war Afghanistan I never said anything like that 101501-30 U1290h 02 I 1' 15 WN- lam wa October 16 2001 3 38 PM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Statement Do you remember when it was that Putin or Ivanov said to me that a difference of 500 warheads wouldn t change the world but a difference of 1 000 warheads would It might have been in the meetings you were in Please check the cable traf c and memos for me Thanks 101601-2 1 ha snow ake October 17 2001 7 04 AM TO Jim Haynes ROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Automatic Membership Please pull together a list of all the things I am automatically a member of because of my role as Secretary of Defense For example I understand I am now a member of the Homeland Security Council Of course I am also a member of the Cabinet and the National Security Council Are there other things like that As I recall the last time I was here I was a member of the board of the Red Cross Please let me know Thanks 5% If 101701-3 Eka p 1401 1 16 zm7g'0 f J o k Fag 4% adr7ic ULKW MIAMI an hem 4 ll ldef Lxl 'On 0 sh id 01 all 1 snow ake October 18 2001 9 18 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Article - E5 You might want to put this Extreme Mortman article in the Early Bird It is L pretty mny Thanks Attach 1 0 17 0 I Thiessen memo to 813ch w National Journal article attached 10130145 Go 1 U12919 IOZ October 17 2001 8 30 AM TO The Secretary of Defense FROM Marc Thiessen SUBJECT Donald Rumsfeld Uncorked Thought you would enjoy this column from National Journal on your press brie ngs-its quite funny The author is Howard Mortman one of the humorists I had sent to you as a possible Alfalfa writer Attach Mortrnan column 1 0 1 7 0 1 EXTREME MORTMAN Donald Rumsfeld Uncorked By Howard Mortman NationalJournal com Wednesday Oct 17 200 I must confess that I m quite taken with Defense Secretary Donald Rumseld I m just nutty about his press conferences I love the way he holds up well to the media Robust feisty with some acidity but very very refreshing He s a study in well oenology Listening to a Rumsfeld press conference is like drinking a ne wine -- a ne wine waiting to be corked since the Ford administration He s great at reassuring relief from all the somber news Rumsfeld is less solemn more sommelier Everyone s palate is a little different But here s my day-by-day tasting guide to Don Rumsfeld press conferences Sunday Oct 7 QUESTION Are US forces on the ground in Afghanistan now And more broadly could you illuminate at all the so-called less visible side of this operation RUMSFELD Not really If we wanted it to be overt we would have discussed it Tasting notes Not fancy just an everyday answer Bright esh and expressing a vivid truth RUMSFELD We certainly would not be using airdrops in portions of the country where we were not satis ed that it would be safe for humanitarian relations We don t discuss operational activities QUESTION Mr Secretary can you tell us is there any plans to send signi cant numbers RUMSFELD I answered that question before you asked it Tasting notes Rich and ripe this answer showcases the individual avors of Rumsfeld accentuated by years of aging in Washington barrels QUESTION Apparently there were strikes in Kandahar and Kabul and there s talk about the electricity system going down Are you running the risk of being characterized as attacking the Afghan people rather than the military targets RUMSFELD You know in this world of ours if you get up in the morning you re running a risk of having someone lie and someone mischaracterize what it is you are doing Tasting notes This answer has a brilliant color and a pleasing dry yet full-bodied avor It goes well when the questioner wants you to eat crow Monday Oct 8 QUESTION Yesterday according to your gures and General Myers gures you dropped 37 500 MREs -- humanitarian MRES Is this purely humanitarian or is it also part of a psy-ops because on the humanitarian MRES there s a picture of the American RUMSFELD It is quite true that 37 000 rations in a day do not feed millions of human beings On the other hand if you were one of the starving people who got one of the rations you d be appreciative Tasting notes Combines the Vintners blend with the reserve This is a special treat No wimpy whines and no wimpy wines Tuesday Oct 9 QUESTION Mr Secretary as far as talking about intelligence are we getting enough help from Pakistan because General Musharraf he has red most of his top military aides and intelligence of cials so where do we stand now And also what role is India playing in this campaign And nally if we are going to drop medicine there do they know what kind of medicine and how to use them RUMSFELD You all have gotten in the habit of asking three questions at once And it would sure make life simpler if you didn t Tasting notes A beautiful crisp and herbaceous answer I think this answer is one of his best A briit champagne for a brute campaign QUESTION A military effort here could be decade Do you think that s within the realm of possibility And could you also preview tonight s battle plan the way you have done for us the last two days RUMSFELD That was a big improvement You went from three to two questions Tasting notes This answer is aging quite gracefully Soft and buttery with a hint of pepper Friday Oct 12 QUESTION Mr Secretary I know you want to hold us to one question so I only have one question for you and then one for General Myers RUMSFELD Uh-oh We ought to have a new rule You can ask two questions and then we can pick the one we want to answer Tasting notes Again this is a lovely vintage for this wine Drink now but may still improve QUESTION Mr Secretary it s been con rmed that among the targets that was hit was the Suburban vehicle that belongs to Abdullah Omar Was that an effort to kill him RUMSFELD How is that con rmed Reliable sources sir RUMSFELD I had a feeling that was the case Tasting notes The expected tight elegant age-worthy wine from this secretary Excellent Take his cue Buy a case QUESTION Secretary Myers 1 mean General Myers can you just outline any British involvement in RUMSFELD Now you ve given my title as well as QUESTION Well he s bigger than you are Mr Secretary RUMSFELD He sure is Tasting Notes Fantastic gamey evolved nose Nice uit and length Creamy keroseney interesting nose Very spritzy Good for years yet Monday Oct 15 QUESTION Mr Secretary the skipper of the Enterprise used the phrase clean-up mode to describe the state of the airstrikes sort of suggesting that they re almost wrapped up You seem to be suggesting they could go on for a while longer than you expected at the beginning RUMSFELD Go with me Tasting notes Bold and authoritative Real meaty depth with some tannins Quite pleasing to the palate Serve immediately If this is a new kind of war then Don Rumsfeld is a new kind of briefer The Bordeaux of brie ng A ne cabernet in a ne Cabinet Please pour me another glass snowflake Mr October 19 2001 8 21 AM TO VADM Giambastiani 5 Larry Di Rita 1 - FROM Donald Rumsfelm SUBJECT Late to Meetings What do you th1nk about havmg a rule that 1f people cannot get to a meetlng on time they shouldn t come We should remove their nameplate from the table It bothered me when Pace came in so late yesterday to the Italian MOD meeting Thanks 7 2 n - 0 3 #44 WW7 1m awe W u12921 102 4 3 1 October 22 2001 8 06 AM %4 TO RADM Quigley FROM Donald Rumsfeld 0K SUBJECT Cartoon Please see if you can get this cartoon Thanks Attach HO 1 Washington Times cartoon 102201-5 SL9 73 ox 2 02 lullhw treat a terror- U1 IULL revolutionary crime used to put Ellis an 1 ll Ill 3 U1 Ubl the war against terrorism China about-face in its stance on terrorism going armies control tens of thousands of Chinese dissi- wakes up smiling Sept 12 and on The Bush administration should Ame of terrorism is dents to death since the Commuv at the windiall ofthe US war on not loosen up due vigilance on aware- n Over the past 50 mists took power terrorism it must be very thankful China s continued abuse of human to million pee Reports of arrests trials and stem to Osama bin Laden rights its crackdown on reli ious uted tor having dif- tenses ofthis nature can beheard But the Bush administration freedom its suffocating free Gao views Next to the nearly everyday not to mention the should not be fooled by China s exchange ofideas its persecution of sity sc tiel ommitted ter- 295 con rmed deaths of Baton Gong jumping onto the bandwagon of anti- politicaT dissidents prison never 1 In 6mm Hr me AL for on done 11' a1e5ti Id It d ME ii 05th and bays 33 3 want my straw Undr Arafat aden limited l_srael a force le East's worst ele- 50 000 serious abouteiim- propel a-headed monster of machin rrorism we must nely 1- dr Arafat is part of Mr 1 it the solution parochi tn t shift the blame United the terrorists carry against of restaurants Netanyr ml 5 independently niiniste stop they stop it viewsl ie that when the o oin very least with his enemy But I for a 1prime min- no one to is political than to appease Mr ding pre arcd last year instrun 1st Jerusalem all is never and some oflsrael ism not a ready to let Mr ror eel ate that would have Arafat's One hostile to his ing Mr Arafat would have a reed To them the Middle East conflict At least some lsraelis know bet- to that deal But he cou dn t ends only when the blue-and white ter than to believe Mr Arafat When eace Mr Arafat s because the pee le he represents ag with the Star of David flies no he promises to round up those who Edwi ied any real mean- want no deal wit Israel no peace more commit terrorist acts be either Heritag leave it to each arent to demon- their va ues never I I lore ur ent strate to their Chi dren the ideas of wheths compassion human goodness and gazing love With our sense or self-gov- indeed ernment we leave it to each Indi- the an perha it not seek a ruling structure that perspectives united by the com- vidual family toinstill in their chil- like te a look back or a would mold the people into what- men belief in freedom liberty and dren a sense of individual striving games i _ask ourselves ever suited the government s the pursuit of happiness under and personal responsibility our chi his country s pros- needs They did not desire nor God For this reason we must never As it could they justify a government With this liberty however allow ourselves to be lulled into assess art It derives from that would exercise such despot- comes a special responsibility indifference when it comes to fam- I think rsity ot Its inhabi- ism over its citizens minds and Here the government does not ily values stand a Founding Fathers bodies hammer its values into the vouth So it saddens me when i read mentall of Rights _thev did Instead they did somethin ltdoes not fabricate principfes and that marriage rates have plum- ues ar sens Into rigt cat- quite extraordinary They create indoctrinate the young in a rigid meted to a 40 year low or that It tier ts or workers a government that encouraged a pattern of being Here in Amert divorce rates continue to hover that in Rather they free market of ideas that encour- ca we are given so much liberty just above 50 percent 11 worries ours of broad human aged a diversitv of perspectives that the heroic task of instillina a me when i read that parents now resides re basic freedoms and they trusted that throu the value svstem is left to each indi- end less time with their chil ily associate with lib- friction ofthesc diverse min 5 we vidual family ten or that the children of dual- would achieve progress This Is an extraordinary act of income families are left largely to Founding Fathers So when we think of America faith raise themselves Each day these Arms vernment they did we think of a broad tapestry of 1 1 we children come home they cook all gm We October 22 2001 2 09 PM TO Doug eith Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld 9 SUBJECT The Coalition Please look at the attached editorial on the coalition That is a homerun ball Attach 1 0 2 1 0 1 Washington Post editorial The Coalition and the Mission Dl- Rcdh 102201-29 0 DJ CL 102179635f IOZ washingtonpost com The Coalition and the Mission Page 1 of1 The Coalition and the Mission Sunday October 21 2001 Page B06 THOUGH THE con ict in Afghanistan has steadily escalated support for the U S -led campaign against the al Qaeda terrorist network has appeared only to grow stronger in the last week Despite some loud and occasionally violent domestic protests Pakistan s military government has held rm and appears to be actively collaborating in the effort to break up the Taliban regime that it long nurtured Secretary of State Colin Powell ying from Islamabad to New Delhi seems to have had some success in cooling rising tensions between Pakistan and India Meanwhile President Bush received relatively strong backing from Chinese President Jiang Zemin as well as from other Asian leaders gathered for an Asia- Paci c summit meeting in Shanghai The strength and breadth of what is now called the coalition is important intelligence from China or nancial cooperation from southeast Asian states may end up contributing as much to the destruction of al Qaeda as bombing in Afghanistan The solidarity of so many nations with the United States also should help in the vital battle for public opinion in the Muslim world But as the Afghan campaign continues and other targets in the war against terrorism develop it will be worth remembering a caution offered the other day by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld There is no single coalition in this effort Mr Rumsfeld said Instead he said there should be a number of exible coalitions that will change and evolve Let me reemphasize that the mission determines the coalition and the coalition must not determine the mission It s not hard to guess why Mr Rumsfeld would have felt moved to volunteer those comments at the beginning of one of his news conferences Having worked diligently to assemble so many countries for the ght against al Qaeda the Bush administration is now being advised that any further action against terrorism must preserve the coalition or as Mr Jiang and others have suggested be agreed on by the United Nations This is a recipe for paralysis advanced by those who oppose any forceful U S action outside of Afghanistan or against any terrorist organization other than al Qaeda Arab and European governments are particularly worried about a potential US campaign against Iraq preferring the corrupt stability and business opportunities offered by Saddam Hussein to the elimination of his stores of anthrax they whisper that any such move would represent a revival of the Bush administration s much-disparaged unilateralism What would the coalition offer as an alternative That s easy pressure Israel the most easily agreed upon cause of Muslim anger An Israeli Palestinian settlement is certainly something worth working for and there s no question that any new strategy for Iraq will have to be prudently weighed against other counter-terrorism objectives But the reality is that the common wisdom of the coalition fails to account for the way the world has been changed by Sept 1 Problems that for decades have been ignored or regarded as secondary such as the lack of political freedom or economic progress in the Arab states where Islamic extremism is strongest now must be at the heart of any serious long-term effort to combat terrorism The calculus in judging the importance of destroying biological and chemical weapons stocks in Iraq and other rogue states also has changed To act effectively in this new world the United States will not only have to form different sorts of coalitions it may have to take action against some of the current members of the al Qaeda alliance In that sense the greatest danger to the war on terrorism is not that the Bush administration will resort to unilateralism It is that the United States will fail to act aggressively and creatively enough over time to break the current coalition apart 200 The Washington Post Company 5 3-200 Oct20 language printer 10 22 200 137$ 053 sn w 0 a 9 October 22 2001 2 41 PM A TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfelc SUBJECT Taliban Disinformation What do you think about putting together a cell to keep track of all the lies from the Taliban and develop a quick response capability so that when the Taliban says something that isn t true we can crack it fast In addition if we want to put something out fast we will have an ability to respond rapidly with the truth A In any event we ought to have a log of all the Taliban lies so we can knock them down and disseminate them so people will know Thanks 102201-32 02 In 1 750 F36 snowflake fapig October 22 2001 6 12 PM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfelr SUBJECT On Time for Press Conferences In the future please make sure you don t let me go down to a press conference late when I am backed up against the Crown Prince of Bahrain for example as I was today That was embarrassing to be 15 minutes late but it would have been equally embarrassing to seem to be running out of the press conference I just do not want to do that We have to allow enough time Thanks 102201-51 U12932 02 Inna 0 In IODPOF snowflake T0 VADM Giambastiani Larry Di Rita ROM Donald Rumsfeld w 1 7 SUBJECT Real-Time Video 0 I want to go over and see one of these operationsi the telev151on as It IS 1 happening so I can listen and watch see peopl do it and get my head clear on what is going on and where the problem is I am concerned Thanks 102301-1 LJ 0 A A 9 U12933 02 1 TO Paul Wolfowitz October 23 2001 8 26 AM FROM Donald Rumsfeld Mg SUBJECT Islam The Crown Prince of Bahrain suggested we get some folks from Harvard to help us better understand Islam I need you to pull together a group of people to do that We can then have a point paper to get out for Torie to use and for all the peOple in government will 14' E 27 C3 0 We need to start doing a better job of showing how Islam is being hijacked by terrorists Thanks 102301 8 U12934 02 f5 MEMO TO Secretary Rumsfeld DATE October 27 2001 FROM Paul Wolfowitz Don We are working on bringing Fouad Ajami and Bernard Lewis - two of the best people in the US on this subject - in for a session next week That should produce some initial input We are also working on a larger project to bring a group together late in November on Winning the Battle of Ideas I ll keep you posted as that develops a snow ake TO CC FROM SUBJECT Plans I have been waiting and waiting for a report on what we plan to do for the rest of October 23 2001 9 08 AM Gen Myers VADM Giambastiani Donald Rumsfeld v the world I have pushed I have sent memos and I have begged and pleaded There must be some kind of an interim report someone can give me 3 Thanks DI- deh 102301-W3 October 23 2001 11 03 AM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld Q0 SUBJECT McCafery Email You might want to circulate this McCaffrey e-mail It is pretty good Thanks Attach 10 10 01 Wall Street Journal article War Without End 102301-20 u12935 02 1 3 006 War Without End Page 1 of 2 IWall Street Journal 1% g 77764 October 10 200 1 War Without End at 231wlmy Q Following is an e-mail exchange that occurred Se t 19 between a senior cadet at West Paint and one of his professors retired Gen Barry czla rey From 1996-2001 Gen McCa i'ey served as the director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy He earned three Purple Hearts in Vietnam NELJS and led the 24th Mechanized Infantry Division in the Persian Gulf War New Cadet Could you describe what you think the United States should consider as an endstate 0'52 on the matter of dealing with terrorists Eradication containment or some other option And A $57- what would the United States consider the literal and gurative cent of gravity Gen McCaffrey Great issue to consider we have too liberally borrowed from the language of M55 science to deal with the imperfections of political and security analysis There will be no endstate we will if successful manage this chronic threat to our survival economy and self con dence by dramatically lowering the risk We will build a series of defensive programs that will make a multiple order of magnitude increase in our day-to day security Second we will form a coalition based on common danger Much of the globe will join us to leverage foreign intelligence services and security forces to fight these forward in the battle area Finally we will at last take the gloves off and use integrated military power to nd and destroy these organizations We are going to disrupt these people thru pre emptive attack we will deceive them we will run psyops on them at selected points and times they will be killed suddenly in signi cant numbers and without warning Tomahawk missiles 2000 lb laser guided weapons dropped from B2's or F22's at very high altitude remote control booby traps blackmail and at places small groups of soldiers or Seals will appear in total darkness blow down the doors and kill them at close range with automatic weapons and hand grenades We will nd their money and freeze it We will arrest their front agents We will operate against their recruiting and transportation functions We will locate their training areas and surveill or mine them We will isolate them from their families We will try to dominate their communication function and alternately listen jam or spoof it We will make their couriers disappear If we can nd out how they eat or play or receive rewards or where they sleep we will go there and kill them by surprise The military component will be a supporting but lesser aspect of a strategy that will be based fundamentally on diplomatic and economic leverage to compel cooperation with international law Of prime importance we must reduce the enviromnental factors that feed this type of extremist madness foreign aid must be dramatically increased to address the misery and poverty of the Palestinians the Afghans the Sudanese and others We must also not be unwilling to confront the State sponsors of terror Iraq Iran Sudan Cuba North Korea none can be allowed to provide the base for another sickening strike against our civilian population or our Allies Conventional military power will be used place at risk those states who present a direct threat to our security If deterrence does not work with coherent political and economic measures in support of a threat capability then their political will l e200 10 1 Owithouthtm 10 1 3 200 War Without End Page 2 of 2 must be shattered with overwhelming violence directed at their armed forces and the political decision-makers The big challenge will be to organize America to protect our transportation our economic activity our entertainment etc with minimal invasion of our privacy and our free movement We will constrain domestic law enforcement through the protection of our Judicial System We will ensure the unfettered operation of a free press We will have to be zealous to protect the Bill of Rights and the dignity and safety of foreigners living among us during this war We can do all of this We have no option The American people will depend on you and your fellow soldiers to step forward and stand between us and the barbarians 1 6200 110 1 Owithouthtm 10 13 2001 1 QM snow ake October 23 2001 11 14 AM TO Gen Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 SUBJECT Munitions Su lies h pp Do you have someone who keeps track how our munitions supplies are doing the various types how fast we are as them how long they will last and what needs to be acquired Thanks g k 102301 22 63 A u12026 02 1 QM snowflake October 24 2001 2 02 PM 4 T0 VADM Giambastiani Q- FROM Donald VA 7 SUBJECT B-Zs g Please nd out why we are not using B-ZS in Afghanistan anymore 7 Thanks - 102401-25 2 4 2 IUZ October24 2001 6 10 We TO FROM Donald Rumsfel TqL SUBJECT Response to Newt Gingrich Please send following e-mail to Newt Gingrich Newt Your piece on tone in the media dated Octeber 24 is' r' on the mark I hope lots ofpeopfe read it I hope I have aotfa ea into that trap 1 m7 Regards mime l0240 42 Please respond by 1' Saw if th im 0m V 02 11-L-055QIOSDI569 01 il- We CW 030 @l From ThirdwaveZ aoLcom Sent 1Wednesday October24 2001933 AM To IONS Subject tone in the media Page I of 1 an@who eop gov mmatalin georgewbush com ejovpbopgov feitthmailpolicyosdmil there is a grave danger that optimistic reassurances wil ultimately erode the systems credibility we do not know what will happen next we do not know how bad it will be we do not even know what it will be we do not know who is doing various things which may or may not be coordinated In the second world war the BBC reported bad news in the same calm tone it reported good news The decision was made that reporting bad news honestly was the price of long term believability From Ridge through Ari to the cabinet we have to nd a tone and style that communicates things could get worst we could get hit but we are determined to work our way through it We need a little more grim ness and a little reassurance the current tone is going to undermine credibility if thin the gag between the last press event a_nd the new reai now this is hard but i have heard enough in the last newt ac LEfRnLac 1019432001 us keep evolving and each press event is a hr 24 hours that it seemed important to send this in Muff Z 74-533 as 6 ij WW 97 LarryDiFtita Lei 11-L-055QIOSDI570 33 6 our use From we CW 030 Sent Thursday Ootober25 200112 02 PM To 'Thirdweve@aol o0m' Subject From SecDef Newt Your piece on tone in the media dated October 24 is right on the mark I hope lots of people read it I hope I have not fall into that trap Regards Don Rumefelcl 11-L-055QIOSDI571 max October 25 2001 1 04 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT We have to x fast I am crippled We need to start a search I simply have to have someone and my instinct is to maybe pull someone out from under Dov Let talk Thanks 102501-30 Please respond by lJ 7 13 U129l 5 02 1 080 100 cf snowflake VJ October 25 2001 1 06 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT MOD of Ukraine Please have someone draft a letter to the MOD of Ukraine who just stepped down because his missile hit an airplane Thanks 102501-31 Please respond by 1 3 02 mulhlu intranet 3 Dl'b l qua October 26 2001 7 39 AM TO Doug Feith 0 Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld VA SUBJECT Turkey This article on Turkey is exactly right Let s see what we can do to help Turkey Please get a program Thanks Attach 1 0 25 01 Wall Street Journal op-ed Melik Kaylan The Turkish Model 102601-4 Please respond by U18765 1 ii W00 01 st advan- lers losing like Mr Mayor has minority o Republi- rters nv at his h on some yans and chundler s ner Gover- re support ecentty he ned an en- it letter mailed to rtstered Recar Schuggler 6 has made ng offhand that he the entire- said that if rdorsement for it So ch Mr De-- 5 hurt the He Don-- image anpow - Schundler Republicant I has among 3800110114311 - reditt an an cide gn is also at rblicans in Mr SChun- lity meshes compassion - ctory in No- reform can-- even in the a strategist the Jersey undler line her 6 by tht idly popular that earlier 1y sides With and so Mr lost to Mrs has been the mar known I nntm'inunlt - THE WALL STREET JOURNAL THURSDAY OCTOBER 25 2001 The Turkish Model By Manx KAYLAN As American eyes scan eastward across a troubled Islamic honwn of equivo 81 friends and outright enemies the should rest their gaze on Turkey an urinalC tenng ally and take heart Turkey s de- cades-long fortitude in the service of ern interests and a Pax Americana has garnered meager applause from its al- lies-and a ton of trouble from its regional rivals Yet it remains our most dependable resource in the Islamic world and as the world's most successful secular Muslim de- lmocracy is set to play perhaps the most critical rule of all our allies We should dance a jig of gratitude for what Turkey has endured for our side up to now be- cause it points the way to what it could do for us henceforward Various Temptations The Turks have outfaced and outlasted all of the last century s devouring political upheavals Consider how their neigh- bors-from the Balkans the Soviet bloc and in the Middle East-succumbed lo the various temptations of fascism commu- nism non-ahgnment and Islamic funda- mentalism when Turkey did not The country has not always presented a pretty face during its self-protective exertions especially in the area of human rights Encircled by the likes of Russia lran Iraq and Syria Turkey has perforce main- tained a kind of Bunker DemocraCy How else one might ask could Turkey have Sta ed the course while permitting the No Atlantic Treaty Orgamzation to station anti-Soviet within its bor- ders making it a prime nuclear fll'Et' strike target and letting the US use its air bases against Iraq once a valuable trading partner The same grim self-disci- pline kept the Turks from recent foreign adventures in defense of their ethnic cous- ins who were enduring slaughter in Bos- nia Azerbaijan and Chechnya But now it s time for the Turks with Western support and encouragement to come out 0 their bunker and exert them- selves in shaping history outside their bor- ders That they were among the rst allies to volunteer unconditional support for the U S offering everything from bases to soldiers shows that they are willing Their record shows that they are able What remains is for the West to help Tur- key mobilize its potential Turkey offers pivotal strategic and cul- tural salients in the ght against Islamic terrorism For the immediate purposes of a possible ground war in Afghanistan the battle-readiness of Turkish troops among allied forces will prove invaluable Turkey has largest standing army in Eu- mpe and has just fought a fierce internal war against Kurdish Marxists in terrain and conditions not unlike Afghanistan Po- litically the troops very presence in their midst furnishes the allies with an early propaganda victory This is not a West vs Islam crusade because non-fundamental- ay But important shi s have begun to unfold in the region s alignments Uzbeki stan has allowed the US to use its mili- tary bases tn early contravention of Rus- sian directives Indeed American and Brit- ish special forces are already said to be operating from those Uzbek bases Now is the time for Turkey as a West- ern proxy to replace Russia s in uence in the area This will have several salutary strategic effects It wtll deprive the re- gion s militant of an important legitirnizing an colonial mle it will invali- date the invocation of jiha among those who wish to export fundamentahsm against the Turkic states since a war As a leading secular Islamic state Turkey can use its in uence-and its sizable army-to help America feat Islamic terrorism in Central Asia and beyond ist Muslims such as Turks will ght for the Western side Moreover the Turks already have a re- gional interest in Afghan affairs Their Turkic cousins the Uzbeks have a sizable minority living in Afghanistan that sup- ports the Northern Alliance Leaders of the Afghan-Uzbek militia such as Gen Rashid Dosrum have over the years spent time in Turkey And like the Turks both the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and their fellow ethnic Uzbeks who live in Afghani- stan have adhered to a secular form of Islam for almost a century In the post-Soviet eta Afghanistan s Uzbek militias have received their war ma- teriel from Russia which has meant that man other Afghan Muslims and national- ists ave viewed them with suspicion This has set back the cause of secular Muslims in Afghanistan But it has suited Russian strategy perfectly well Russia has used the threat of Islamic fundamentalism to retain a post-Soviet colonial hold on its former Central Asian client states the stalls such as Turkmenistan Uzbeki- stan and Tajikistan several of which abut the Afghan border Several are also hugely rich in natural resources enough to shift the world s dependence on Mideast oil Although most of these states are ethni- cally Turkic Turkey has stayed out of the fought against other Muslims-aligned with Turkey not Russia-is no jihad It will create a secular Turkic continuum or bloc of states to counteract both the ra- nian and Pakistan-Afghan fundamental- ism abrottd in the region Ultimately it will also help free up strategic reserves of oil and gas currently under Russian veto possessed by ex-Soviet republics Alleviat- ing the region s poverty is perhaps the most obvious counter to the appeal of Is- lamrc fundamentalism And yet the infusion of wealth has not exactly countered it in Saudi Arabia Which is where Turkey s cultural mle in the region also becomes paramount For centuries the Ottoman Empire presided over Muslim doctrine and much of Islam s geography Its subjects hved under a pre cise and codi ed system of multiethnic re- llgious tolerance One might say with hindsight that the Ottomans conferred a sanity on the Middle East that has not existed since their departure These days Turkey endures as the most prominent sec- ular Muslim society in the world indeed as one of Islam s few functioning democra- cies Turkey and its Kemalist system can furnish other Muslim countries with an alternative model to the fundamentalism of Saudi-built mosques and maddrassas The U S and the British before them championed bia for decades The result IS evident for all to see Saudi cultural in uence has grown out of all proportion allowing them to export their primitive home-grown form of jihadist Wahhabism throughout the world The time is long overdue for the West to help effect an equivalent but coun- tervailing dissemination of the Turkish model through the Islamic geosphere Arabian Approach There is no reason why Indonesia or Malaysia so far from the Mideast should opt for an Arabian approach to religion except that it was the only one on offer Several non-Arab Muslim countries have elected women prime ministers For these cultures the Kemalist system with its lib eration of women to dress work travel and study in relative freedom is surely more sympathetic than the Saudi variety Turkey can be to Islam what Hong Kong was to China an example that ultimately prevails because it advertises a manifestly better life gained through a freer pursuit of happiness However the West must foster and abet Turkey s elevation into the role of paradigm as it did successfully with Horrg Kong and so disastrously with the Saudis The throw-weight of the Turkish message depends on the success of Turkey s econ- omy the expansion and export of its secu- Iar education system the optimism ofits pro-Western youth culture Turks have already done much of the work for us lstanbul today is one _of the most entrancing and dynamic crties on earth certainly 1n the Islamic world Like Hong Kong was to China lstanbul too stands in colorful contrast to the dour cir- cumspection that prevails in most Islam capitals Many a hypocritical fundamental ist repairs there to savor its dances e ur'ure along with a good many refugees front'the Muslim world s myriad self-stran- sling economies However unwittingl the Turks have already crafted a cultural roduct much in demand For our own 5 es it s time the West helped package it and export it to the Muslim world Mr Kayla a writer based in New York is completing a history of Manhunt Don t Panic We Can Fight Smallpox By Euznnern WHELAN As frightening as the threat of anthrax has been the nightmare scenario foi bio- logical warfare calls for another patho- gen-one which unlike anthrax can be transmitted from rson to person Smallpox tits '5 well It rs contagious A person infected with small- pox does not become contagious until he or she is too sick to be walking around If you are wondering if the guy next to you on the subway has smallpox and decide to hold your breath between stops just in case you are worrying needlessly In the ues for inleclionmot d not be relevant But such means of transmission is at this point only theoretical Third it would be dif cult to acquire and disseminate the virus-much more so than anthrax Even if there were an illicit source of smallpox a terrorist would have spread duo's face-to-face contact by means of i ected saliva or respiratory droplets usually in a closed setting It can also be spread by infected linens or clothes It was probably rst used as a blames weapon durum the French- to overcome sophisticated scienti c and technological obstacles to cultivate it one would need to the virus in eggs or animal cells and disseminate it putting it in the form of inhalable parti- cles Theoretical it would be possible - dual nth-ids vol-tn prevented death and disease associated with a pox disease in primates monkey- pox-similar to smallpox in humans Fifth we have standard protocol in place for dealing with infectious disease Right n0w physicians nearly all of whom have never seen a case of smallpox are being educated to be on high alert for the of smallpox particularly high fever and unique rash which appears on the face and extremities Should a case be diagnosed-and make no mistake one case would be considered an epidemic and n world-vid- ruminant TO Torie Clarke October 26 2001 8 02 AM FROM Donald Rumsfeld AW SUBJECT Press Brie ngs We have to avoid having briefers react to every single event We need them to kind of cool it down The press needs news and therefore they are going to keep trying to get it But we don t have to keep reacting to everything Thanks Dl-ledh 102601-6 Please respond by 1 u12949 102 000 I In 100075 T0 David Chu FROM Donald Rumsfeld% DATE October 27 200 1 SUBJECT Bernadine Healy Is there anything we could use Bernadine Healy for Thank you 102701 14 11 15 AM Please respond by 1 v5 lQ f b2 U18389 01 snow ake Mix 0 TO Tb eCHmke FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE October 27 2001 SUBJECT Pronunciations Attached is a memo that I am told is correct Someone ought to check it out If it is right then we sure ought to make sure the President is given that information as well as the folks in the Pentagon Thank you DHR azn 102701 06 Attach Memo on Pronunciation 8 49 AM UIZQSA 02 C Qoo Opal 2 snowflake MEMORANDUM 10 27 01 We ve got to say Islam with an instead of a instead of Izlam and the same thing with Muslim It s Muslim as opposed to Muzzlum It s got to be with an instead of a Thanks DHR azn 102701 05 8 49 AM snowflake TO Secretary Gordon England FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE October 3 1 2001 SUBJECT Naval Of cers 7 7 15% Is it true that one out of every ve naval of cers is an M D physician s assistant or other type of health professional If so is that such a core competence of the percentage of the naval of cers in that one Thank you DHR azn 102701 17 Please rape Iii by scipline Vat it makes sense to have that f ol If r c Q f 5 m we walk J24 at we aw M Sal f IO Ufa-r an gureaucreul 7L2 cal 0117 f 3udrl7 in FAQ HOVX 74me SE Jan F bad I gimme refs 1 9m 0 0 3 Mt U12969 IUZ snow ake l wlwp Ei October 29 2001 2 39 Phil 1 f TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 2L 0 SUBJECT Memorial Service Whose idea was the one-month anniversary- nal service at the Pentagon Thanks Kq iv f 102901-23 Please respond by 0 Jen-M U12959 IUZ it e October 29 2001 6 37 PM snowflake TO Gen Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Volunteer Please have someone evaluate this letter to me from Nathan Bedford Makowski a 1 $59 Thanks 43 Attach 10 26 01 Makowskiletter 1 4 102901-31 a Please respond by November FROM HWIFL FIXTURE PHONE 7323556795 3 mm 1 5303 i mam BEDFORD mom 1 W6 m T MofDefense mm mm CH magnum-yum - Oct 25 2M1 PI mm nmum til-mg hm It - Maia-swoon IMIWMIMIMIMIWIWIWW IMI Skydiver aHtIMandane-xtmn're lm Fonnhnaposse oonmosedofm nemtemm mammals hm medical equipment Hui auto sniper ri e and nes thousand rounds of ammo mm w mhleM hmm um W m umm mdduhmw u nddof nm summon-chum Them mhM md wn-mbvu hw l ohwmb rminm mmumWim Whamathh The mom is obviws Hm are not mumhmm shnet mm m 11-L-055QIOSDI583 snowflake October 30 2001 7 23 AM - T0 VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Threat I have the details on the threat if you want them Thanks Attach 1 0 29 0 1 SMA note 103001-5 Please respond by U12962 02 In ImnnC snowflake October 30 2001 3 09 PM TO Pete Aldridge FROM Donald Rumsfelh SUBJECT Weapon Systems We need more weapon systems that are like the AC-130 where the ordnance can be directed in a more precise way than can some of our other platforms and weapons Thanks OM 10300146 Pleqse respond by 19141 04% 10 00 0 101 snowflake TOP October 30 2001 2 41 PM TO Gen Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT CINC Commanders Estimates I received this package dated 1 October My apologies-I just got around to reading it The type is so small and the detail is so messed up It is absolutely unhelpful I Would you please have someone on the Joint Staff read it tell me what is important and then you tell me what you think I ought to do with it I can t even plow my way through it it is so poorly prepared and presented Thanks Attach 1 0 0 1 0 1 CJCS forwarding CINC Commanders Estimates 103001-49 Please respond by 0 0 Haggis CRET U15063 02 snowflake October 30 2001 3 09 PM TO Pete Aldridge FROM Donald Rumsfelm SUBJECT Weapon Systems We need more weapon systems that are like the 30 where the ordnance can be directed in a more precise way than can some of our other platforms and weapons Thanks puma 103001-56 Please respond by snow ake - 2 90 October 30 2001 3 53 PM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld w SUBJECT Advocates You ought to take note of the people who appear on these programs like David Gergen Chuck Hagel John McCain etc Then we ought to try to stay in pretty bt'eoo close touch with those folks The more they are wired into what we are thinking the better off they are going to be We ought to make sure they get all of our talking points Thanks 103001-62 Please respond by RN 0 1 9 02 wee October 31 2001 7 45 ALI T0 We FROM Donald Rumsfeld% SUBJECT Reply to Newt Gingrich vlgig any 93 Please send the following e-mail response to Newt Gingrich Newt There is not a chance in the world we are going to stop bombing or step our Operations during Ramadan 13101-1 Please respond by Igloo E 102 11-L-055QIOSDI589 Page i of 1 W6 cw oso From Thirdwave2@aol com Sent Tuesday October 30 2001650 PM To _@osd pentagon mil llibby@ovp eop gov fei td mail policy osd mil Subject a bombng halt could be a disaster If the United States suspends bombing for Ramadan and there is a terrorist act in the Unted States the ourage cold become enormoust The whole Ramadan argument is a of our losing the public relations warJ From the Egyptiastyrian stack on Israel in 1973 to the Iran-Iraq war which respected no halts there is a clear pattwern that Arabs ght when it suits them There will be real disgust among Americans if we back down If Arabs want the bombing to start they r can help- us get bin Laden and the Taliabn Short of that we should treat this kind of public posturing with icy contempt This is aren'tr dangerous for us here at home newt admit Gimjlm m 101'3 0 001 11-L-055QIOSDI590 snow ake 51 34703 5 WM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Outputs We need a weekly report on outputs not efforts as to what we are doing on the terrorism campaign Please get Barry Watts Dov Zakheim etc put together a group think it through and get back to me - - 7 Friday- Sean cu avsiaLf 1 Mala junk Mo m dc Thanks mum 103101-33 Please respond snowflake November I 2 I 53 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Audiotapes Someone sent me these tapes concerning ims I think someone ought to listen to them and see if there is anything ood we ought to use in there Thanks Attach Three audiotapes DI- tzdh 110101-2 Please respond by x' s 31- I 1 35v TWO snow ake 489 November 1 2001 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld'p SUBJECT Locke Rush Please take a look at this letter from Locke Rush a friend of mine from Princeton I think maybe we ought to get the political folks who were here choose six or eight of them not all of them and then really put them to work on the in uence campaign Thanks Attach 10 28 01 Rush 111' to SecDef Dl-IR dh 110101 7 Please respond by 02 5 THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON Mr Locke Rush W5 Dear Locke Thanks so much for your thought rl note and your excellent idea Interestingly I had a meeting the day before with a group of the top Republican and Democrat political experts and they did have some excellent advice I think you are on the mark It is a campaign and we best get in it I appreciate your thought ilness and support Best regards 11-L-055QIOSDI594 QR Sx Kg gg axgk urg ERR DRN ax RR R m RE RAE Rgin m v ng ESQ ER 9% sour w inikmku RV Eg 3 QxN Rkwb 33$ brine gag R gmm my PM bu Rx gg QEKN gang Eggx ugi hwg E SAFE ENMX-93 venukm Six Ek k snow ake TO Larry Di Rita Co FROM Donald Rumsfeld K Px SUBJECT Media 5 3 Last night on Hardball with Chris Matthews a Northern Alliance spokesman Haron Amin said the United States has not given the Northern Alliance what it promised in terms of APCs etc He was a clean cut little weenie who obviously has never been in Afghanistan It was enormously unhelp ll to the United States We ought to let somebody know that that fellow needs a muzzle Thanks 110101-12 Please respond by IO 1 0er 02 snowflake TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Taliban Falsehoods 517W You should be keeping a list of all these Taliban reports that are proven false like the shot down airplane and the American having been captured We ought to get a laundry list of those and you ought to give them to me so when someone asks me a question like that I can list a whole series of things that are false Please do that Thanks Dl- deh 110101-20 Please respond by VM lump-if CW de 147 94 02 SE ET November 1 2001 4 18 PM TO Paul Wolfowitz k FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT James Carville James Carville has volunteered to help in the information war I would think you ought to include him in that information group you are putting together He is a very smart tough guy Thanks 110101-22 Please respond by 5 1 U18118 101 snowflake November 1 2001 4 25 PM i TO Torie Clarke 8 Le anm if 35 SUBJECT Afghanistan City 5 9 The city McWethy keeps talking about is phonetically spelled Chuka Karez The Taliban said 100 civilians were killed Please get Larry Di Rita to get the Joint Staff to get an answer for that and then you give it to McWethy and tell me Thanks DI-Ikzdh 110101 25 Please respond by 0 0 02 1 snow ake N0vember2 2001 8 35 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfelm SUBJECT Taped Interviews That Brokaw interview was a disaster He cut me off a third of the way through my answers I don t think we ought to do interviews where they are going to do 45 it Ooo that I would rather do live or with a program where they are going to carry some of the meat of it The reason I raise it is that you have me down for 60 Minutes with Dave Martin on November 9 and I am inclined to think I would just be all over the cutting room oor again Thanks 110201-1 Please respond by IO new 7 02 xs l snowflake November 2 2001 8 54 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeldm SUBJECT Press Statements Some papers carried the bulk of the text of my statement from the beginning of the press availability on November 1 It is clear to me that if we have a good statement we certainly ought to have it printed and passed out Then it will have a better chance of getting printed at least by the papers that aren t there-and certainly by the reporters who are there who might not have been able to get it all down Let s plan on doing that when we have a good one which we ought to have every time Thanks 110201-4 Please respond snow ake TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE November 5 2001 SUBJECT 0 3 I need a piece of paper that has about 6 or 8 most egregious chilling statements by UBL on one page Thanks Please respond by DHR azn 110501 16 1 51900 7 1 TO SECDEF FROM DATE November 30 2001 SUBJECT Most egregious and chilling statements by UBL I have attached a one pager with the most chilling and egregious statements recently made by UBL I have also attached a one pager on the Taliban and Al-Quaida claims equally out there Our IOTF was very helpful in nding these For some we do not have dates I d-g of Force 1 Statements by UBL Yes we kill their innocent and this is legal both religiously and logically UBL videotaped statement 10 Oct History should be a witness that we are terrorists UBL videotaped statement Regarding the The towers were supposed to be lled with men supporting the economical powers of the U S who are abusing the world we are treating them like they are treating us UBL statement 20 Oct Afghanistan is the only Islamic country UBL interview 8 Nov The twin towers were legitimate targets UBL videotaped statement say the events that took place on Tuesday the 1 1th of September against the twin towers and Washington I say the events were great by all measurement UBL Interview 10 Oct Killing Jews is a top priority UBL videotaped statement The hijackers were blessed by Allah to destroy Americas economic and military landmarks UBL videotaped statement The attackers of the WTC and the Pentagon are blessed and will reside in paradise UBL videotaped statement 1 TALIBAN and aJ-Qaida STATEMENTS OR CLAIMS The U S is deliberately poisoning humanitarian food drops to the Afghan people Taliban have irrefutable evidence the U S is deploying chemical and biological weapons against the people of Afghanistan Taliban want dignity for women while the rest of the world does not The U S is intentionally targeting civilians Attacks on against residential areas schools and mosques are deliberate Taliban claims the U S has killed over 1 500 civilians in the air-strikes since the U S operations began U S was dropping cluster bombs disguised as humanitarian food boxes America is committing genocide in Afghanistan for political goals The Taliban has made a strategic retreat from Kabul in order to save civilians from the ghting Numerous U S soldiers have been killed and captured by the Taliban Taliban claims the U S is using nuclear weapons in Afghanistan UBL is not a terrorist 1 snowflake Trip Coordinators TO Larry Di Rita l '7 FROM Donald Rumsfeld Qi- DATE November 5 2001 i SUBJECT Support in Meetings Next time we go overseas we want to make sure that someone is assigned for each meeting who is going to do the notes and someone assigned to do the cable when they get outsmall meeting and only Doug-Feith is in the meeting and there are several of them the cables never get done ch have to not have him be in all the meetings when there is only one person Let s rotate people 1 I Thanks Please respo by 0 1 0er DHR azn Ul4666 02 1 SIIUWIIHKB TO Larry Di Rita Col Bucei W FROM Donald Rumsfeld $1 DATE November 5 200 1 SUBJECT Overseas Trips If I am going to be giving gifts I have to know what is in them I t just pass them out Thanks o X A 1 Please respond by I DHR azn 110501 WWI snowflake TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE November 5 2001 SUBJECT Press m We Are you keeping a list of the total number of times I have met with the press Including what I do on these trips I think I ought to look at that sometime It must be just soaring Thanks Please respond by DHR azn 110501 25 1 U1h668 02 Q5 $900 10 W5 snowflake l November 7 2001 7 57 AM 53 930 TO VADM Giarnbastiani F Ea a 1 Larry Di Rita Eg w HA vE E l it 3 FROM Donald 17' SUBJECT Schedule of Franks Call In the future let s start the call with Franks in the evening 30 minutes before the call with the President That way we can nish and I can talk to him without being in such a rush Thanks 110701-3 Please respond by 5%ouLw 3O 761016 m e laMN Ullt673 02 November 7 2001 11 50 AM TO David Chu FROM Donald Rumsfeld CW SUBJECT Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Please look into this memo I received from Jim Denny Thanks Attach 09 24 01 Denny 111' to SecDef 1 107014 Please respond by U18278 0 1 0 80 0 my MEMO from the Of ce of SEN ears Tower Suite 9420 NUV 7 2001 2338 WackerlL60606l rive Chicago Ph 312 375-4042 Fax 312 375-4044 DATE September 24 2001 11 Don Rumsfeld FROM James M Denny Bernie Wagner called me to express his concern regarding a proposal to cut the budget of the Aimed Forces Institute of Pathology Bernie is involved with the Institute I believe as a board member as a result of legislation circa 1975 which added a civilian component to the Institute designed to facilitate the solicitation of grants from the private sector to fund research at the Institute In the intervening years the Institute has become a standard-setter for the diagnosis of cancer and currently receives about 60 000 requests annually for second options If his recollection of the numbers is correct the Institute has a budget of approximately $60 million and receives private sector grants of approximately $20 million The proposal is to cut the budget from $60 to $30 million Bernie s concern is that a budget cut of this magnitude could result in the loss of the private sector support and could render the Institute incapable of providing second diagnostic opinions Since veterans account for a signi cant percent of these requests Bernie was worried that a cut would produce a vocal backlash and he wanted to be sure you were aware of this so that you would not be blindsided My conversation with Bernie was in early September and I suspect that this issue has been over run by subsequent events snowflake 3 November 8 2001 9 58 TO Gen Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Aid to Afghanistan We simply must provide medical attention food and w- th for the people of Afghanistan It is heartbreaking Thanks 110801-17 I Please respond by U12015 02 gs NEW rel g snow ake 2'm I3 53 November 12 2001 2 58 PM TO Pete Aldridge David Chu Torn White Gordon England Jim Roche CC Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld A SUBJECT Joint Chiefs If you think backto the Quadrennial Defense Review process the Defense Planning Guidance process the Fiscal Guidance process as well as the Nuclear Posture Review we had numerous meetings that included all the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 53L 0 20 The pattern established of including them with the civilian leadership in considering matters that were a blend of our collective responsibilities was a good one It worked We were able to hear their individual views Of course they met separately in the tank and gave us their collective views as they properly should I found it helpful to me and I know that each of you did as well I raise this as a reminder because as we go about our business in acquisition personnel and readiness and other aspects of our work it strikes me that it is important for each of you to see that we continue to get the bene t of the extensive background and experience of the Joint Chiefs of Staff My suggestion is that we nd ways to ask them for their collective judgment but also nd ways to include them in the process in a way that we get their individual views as well Sometimes a collective View is a compromise and that is understandable and ne Finding ways to build them into the process and for each of you to learn their perspectives rst-hand is a helpful thing to do Thanks 110801-25 Please respond by to AOL 2 U1 8421 - Mg November 8 2001 11 49 AM TO Doug eith 0 Paul Wolfowitz Peter Rodman FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Major Allies I notice we have gone ahead and offered Bahrain status as a major ally My instinct tells me that Oman Singapore and Kuwait are probably getting pretty close to qualifying as well Any thoughts Thanks 110801-28 Please respond by U1 i680 02 1 60 re snowflake aw 3 November 9 2001 3 26 PM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfelti SUBJECT Percentage of Effort Please tell the folks at CENTCOM that they should show the percentage of effort on support to opposition groups so we know where they are putting their beef It doesn t give you any clue to that in this report agi 111mm 110901-16 Please respond by El it gee U12868 102 MW November 13 2001 8 20 AM TO Paul Wolfowitz c Dov Zakheim Powell Moore FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Presidential Veto What would the implication be if the President vetoed the Defense Authorization bill and we had to live on the Appropriations bill Would it be good bad mixed Please explain the implications Thanks 111001-4 Please respond by 02 Ac November 12 2001 3 19 PM TO Andy Marshall FROM Donald Rumsfeld% SUBJECT Sa re Article QWL Let s talk about this Sa re article when you meet with me Thanks Attach 11 05 0 1 Sa re op ed The Turkey Card 11 120 I -3 Please respond by 0 MN 17 U14691 02 5 2001 Essay A19 WILLIAM SAF IRE The Turkey Card Reached by cell phone 1n purga- tory where he 1s expiating his sin of imposing wage and price controls Richard Nixon agreed to an inter- view with his former speechwriter Q How do you think the war in Afghanistan is going Nixon You call that a war Light bombing of a bunch of crazies with beards based on a policy of Afghani- zation before you even get started That s strictly reactive and purely tactical Q Would you send 1n a couple of divisions of Amencan ground troops Nixon No The Bush people are employing the right tactics in their phase -- suppressing terrorist operations helping the opposition make trouble playing for breaks with payoffs and assassinations What they fail to see is the global picture They need to develop a grand strategy Q Which Is Nixon Know your real enemy It s not just bin Laden and his terrOIist cells It the movement threatening totake over the Islamic world Those beards and their even more danger- ous state sponsors want the Saudi and Kuwaiti oil That would give them the money to build or buy the nuclear and germ weapons to elimi- nate the reasonable Muslims and all the Christian and Jewish in dels Q How would you stop them Nixon Split em the way we split the Communist monolith by playing the China card against the Soviets Your generation s card is Turkey the secular Muslim nation with the strongest army Q The II urk's have already volun- teered about a hundred commandos you mean we should ask for more Nixon Get out of that celebrity- terrorist -Afghan mindset With the world dazed and everything in ux seize the- moment I d make a deal with Ankara right now to move across Turkey s border and annex the northern third of Iraq Most of it is in Kurdish hands already in our no ight zone - but the land-to make part of Turkey 13 the oil eld around Kirkdk that produces nearly half of Saddam Hussein sow Q Doesn Doesn t that mean war Nixon Quickwar justi ed by Sad- dam threat of germs and nukes and terrorist connections Wed provide air cover 311115 11 Security Council support in ream tor the Turks set- ting up a friendly -government in Baghdad 1116 read ragis would start pumping their southern oil like i mad and help us bust up OPEC for good Q What s in it for the Turks Nixon First big money - north- em Iraq could be good for nearly two million barrels a day and the Euro- pean Union would fall all over itself welcoming-in the Turks Next Tur- key would solve its internal -Kurd problem by making its slice of Iraq an autonomous region called Kurdi- Stan Q But that would mean new bor- ders and don Arab states worry about dismemberment Nixon seizes the moment 1- Nixon Turks are Muslims but hot Arabs When Syria was the -base for terrorist operations against Turkey the Turks massed troops on the der and Damascus caved kicking the terrorist boss out of the country and he s now in a Turkish jail And what s the big deal about new borders _1ra_q was a 20th-century British concoc- tion Only 50 years ago Israel be- came a state and soon there ll he's a Palestinian state New times new borders Q Speaking of Israel Nixon Let me say this about that I d tell Sharon to annex the Jordan Valley to protect Jordan but th n to hand over the r t of the West Bani or he down the tubes I know you disagree Bill but we re going forth grand strategic enchilada Then Pd tell the Saudis and other rich Arabstg build good housing and plants in Pai estine or accept a million PaiesEnian immigrants With Iraq s threat 116d tralized and Iran coming around the sheiks will ante up in a hurry Q But what about punishing lath Laden In Afghanistan -- Nixon Change the ow of mane r and power in the Middle East 811wa Laden and his boys will fall into our hands like rotten fruit Just usetbs crisis to reshuf e the deck and break out of the trap Leapfrog phase and there 11 be no heavy allied ties no parades to stop the bombing no Taliban no germ scares I have t go expiate now Call me soon 32 Russia How do you turn this 0 A 45 new phone off snowflake 1 01 PM qd TO Gen Tommy Franks FROM Donald Rumsfelm 0 94 DATE November 12 200 1 SUBJECT Lea ets b You might consider heavy radio and lea et drops along the border of Pakistan telling people that it is unsafe to be there I haven t thought it through but it crossed my mind that that might help you cork the bottle Thank you 43100169 Please respond by w U14694 02 1 snowflake November 12 2 00 1 5 20 TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald RumsfeId QL SUBJECT DIA How much longer will Admiral Wilson be at We should start thinking about who the new person ought to be Thanks 111201-24 Please respond by u14701 02 W0 0 snowflake November 12 2001 4 06 PM TO Tony Dolan I 975 FROM Donald Rumsfeld a SUBJECT Quote There is a John Adams quote something to the effect of must ght a war so that my children can study science or something like that Could you please get that for me It is pretty good Thanks 111201-g Please respond by 0 MN U14695 02 1 ll November 13 2001 1 TO Torie Clarke 13 Q FROM Donald Rumsfeld Qt SUBJECT Foundation 3 A friend of mine ems suggested yesterday that the Pentagon think of 5 developing something like the National Park Foundation is to the Department of Interior and the National Park system We have so many historic sites that we could raise money through the private sector like the National Park Foundation does for the park system Thanks mum lama Please respond by i - M 3- U14704 02 Mela November 13 2001 10 16 AM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeldw SUBJECT Newt Gingrich Because of the way things are going in Afghanistan I suggest we get Newt Gingrich to focus on something other than Afghanistan That is to say the rest of the world Thanks DI- deh 111301-7 Please respond by U14702 02 1 snowflake November 15 2001 8 24 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT MilAil' We might want to send out a policy on who we take to Ramstein and who we y around Why don t we try to get something drafted that sets a new precedent that is more respectful of taxpayers dollars Thanks 111501-2 Please respond by U1470 l 1 02 no November 16 2001 9 13 AM bll l Giamhastiani Di Rita FROM Donald TO SUBJECT Calendar Every day I have to ask for my calendar I shouldn t have to do that Tonight it is 5 40 pm I say to myself Gee I haven t seen my calendar 1 need to get it mid-day so I can affect it for the period ahead Please don t make me ask for it Thanks Dl'l tdh I I 1601-4 Please respond by We 0 060 U14714 02 00 big November 28 200 3 04 PM b6 TO K FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Calendar Please try to keep my calendar up to date and include the times of events I can t- gure out what to accept or decline except by looking at my calendar and I nd my calendar for the most part doesn t have anything on it I end up accepting things that are in con ict Thanks t 15 W9 12801-15 Please respond by my if r 02 snowflake November 19 2001 9 28 AM TO Torie Clarke 3 FROM Donald Rumsfeldma Q SUBJECT Press You might want to talk to John Hughes who wrote this article in the Christian 1 Science Monitor He clearly doesn t know all that you have been doing or all the background meetings we have been having It is not a very helpful article Thanks Attach 1 1 1 4 0 1 Christian Science Monitor John Hughes Pentagon and Press Can Both Do Their Jobs DHleh 1119014 Please respond by U14718 02 1 work went with that story the hand observations often at Abasy sought War A Russian Reporter in the long months of the em- plained can be mutually bene- 1 Chechnya bassy siege A number ofjour- cial nalists knew that and never re- Clearly the press cannot ported 1t expect to trot alongside every - - - - As a lifelong journalist clandestine special operations Spierac sOE Iomtor who spent a few years in gov- unit in Af hanistan But after ovem emment I m familiar with both the Gul War formulas for 50- Pentagon And Press Can sides of the press-versus- coverage were worked out be- Both Do Their Jobs government tension that cur tween news organizations and By John Hughes rently af icts Washington the military that included ac- SALT LAKE CITY More eci cally it s a press- cess to all major military When I was State ent versus- enta on tension as units They should be imple- spokesman in the Reagan ad- reporters bti at their inabil- mented as time and place per- ministration Bernie Kalb then 1ty to get to the war front to mit The mission of the mili- diplomatic correspondent for nd out for themselves what s one of the three major televi- gomg on and at home a dis- tary 15 to spearhead the war sion networks came to me to trustful military clamps down and ultimately achieve victory con rm what could have been on information that it says The role Of the press is to re- a major scoop for him could endanger lives and secu- port the campaign and inform He d been tipped that an my if Ppublished the public how the government American seized in the Middle or now p_ub11c op1nlon lS domg Ne1ther Slde w1ll al- East and being held by the seems to be favormg the Pen- ways agree with the way the Hizbullah was actually a CIA tagon But that could change other is doing its job There are agent Itold Berrne thatquuld and in any major foreign ad- complications because the war only continue our discuss1on venture - and es ecially 1n time against terrorism requires new 011 the record We fenced and of war - better at government nontraditional and sometimes nally Bernie went back to his should engage the press as secretive measures network and got its agreement frien not foe But it is not heretical to that we could talk off the rec- ough the press and mili- suggest that journalistic pro- tary have jousted through hls- fessronalism and patriotism rd Then I told Bernie that the tory the Current distrust be- an coexist for the common American was in fact the CIA tween them took root in the good station chief in the coun Vietnam War Riplerters in John Hughes a former editor where he d been ca ture but Vietnam were owed wrde- of the Monitor served as assis- we didn t know if is ca tors 5 read travel and acces to - knew that yet If Bemie s Ihet- colinbat but found their first- CIA man would be odds with the optimistic views killed Bernie and his network advanced 1 8 mili briefers kept silent Ultimately after at the Five clock 1n USA Today torturing him terribly the 5313011 November 14 2001 Hizbullah did nd out the CIA Jhe lessons _of Viet- pg- 17 of cer s identity and they mm 11 mod the m111tary 61 Will Missiles Return To killed him But he did not die the Gulf War discouraged re- Sting because of any leak or indis- porters from wanderlng under I m ononthepartor the theirown steam but produced Byldilaa nperman Bernie and his network be- frequent brie ngs at headquarcrash of American haved honorably of course 1t ters by the ch matlc co treating helped that Kalb and I had mander Gen Fig 587 as an ace 1 dent and it may well turn out to be just that But the possibil- ity of a terrorist act crossed mind when the news broke Monday that an airliner been friends for years racket Schwarzkopf who paid 5 ecia ing around Southeast Asia as attention to the press the foreign corres ondents to- Afghan campaign the press Isetedi ass I was $3135 a professiottaljmn0t but has been riefed directly had 1112331135150 a New ng I tell this story to illustrate by Secretary of Defense Don #1811 - ch at $135 that over the years responsible e1 H- Rumsfeld who clearly fi i begn j9 and news organiza- Em commabnd 0f ar me m tim of a bomb or even no - lifa t tam mahig t i fe enoausgh to a We put heroes at risk or run coun- satisfy the Pentagon Press nu - - Not likely this time we ter to the natlonal 1nterestinstance when Iranian radicals Ipi lot all m111tary brie ngs are being assured But the risk seized the American Embassy need be mass ones on camera remains NP 33 11 gheightn' in Iran some Embassy of cers Small background brie ngs for secmthuylauneh of who were outside the Em trusted reporters 113% refuge in the and editorial writers and TV po smfaee-o-air 111155116 - - - - - from an off-site location Dur- homes of fnendjy diplomats anchors and ed1tors 1n Wthh from other countries and mg takeo ' and landings lum strategy is con dentially exbenng c1v111an a1rlmers are de- stayed safely there throughout fenseless against such missiles 1 which have fallen into trou- blemakers hands around the globe Ironicall the roots of this missile proli eration lie in US policy toward Afghanistan in the mid-19805 At that time the occupying Soviet army was using he11copters to batter the Afghan muj ahedin rebels our allies After 2 years of heated debate the United States in late 1986 provided the rebels one of our highest technology weapons the man portable Stinger anti-aircraft missile At rst the Stinger had a decisive impact shooting down dozens of Soviet and Afghan military aircraft in a few months In short order however the Red Army ad0pted a series of technical and tactical countermeasures that effectively nulli ed the Stinger The Soviets retro tted aircraft with ares infrared beacons and exhaust ba les to disorient the missiles and their pilots operated at night or em- ployed terrain-hugging tactics to prevent the rebels from get- ting a clear shot Within about a year the Stinger became so ineffective that the rebels essentially stopped ring them That s when the Central Intelligence Agency made a crucial error Basking in the Stinger s early success and apparently un- aware that the rebels had st0pped ring the missiles the CIA provided the rebels hun- dreds more With no immedi- ate need for the missiles the rebels either sold them at in- ternational arms markets or squirreled them away for fu- tureuse Thanks to this CIA mis take the missiles spread to re- bel and terrorist oups around the world In 19 7 1t was re- rted that an Iranian boat had 1red a Stinger that hit a US helico ter in the Persian Gulf but fai ed to explode In 199 1 Tunisian fundamentalists re- portedly used a Stinger in a failed assassination attempt In the early 19908 Stin ers shot down alrcraft in civi wars in Bosnia twice and Tajikistan according to reliable accounts In additlon an anti-aircraft missile was used in 1994 to shoot down the plane carryin the presidents 0 Rwanda an page 52 of55 I snowflake aw 2'0 a 25 November 19 2001 11 30 AM TO ROM Donald Rumsfeld b SUBJECT Thank You Note Let s get a thank you note off to Bigger and the Attican-American woman who CID-chaired that function for women that I spoke to Thanks 111901-15 Please respond by U14721 02 1 ncqu 1 nal l_1 Ind-P II I Uh WASHINGTON DC 203014 300 AF FMRS November 13 2001 The Honorable Judy Biggert US House of Representatives Washington DC 205 15 Dear Madame Chair On behalf of the Secretary of Defense 1 would like to thank you for your 1risit to the Pentagon with your colleagues from the Women s Issues Caucus We truly appreciate your interest and recognize that your cooperation is an important element of bipartisan support for the policies of the President and the Secretary of Defense We especially welcome your interest in the restoration of the Pentagon and in promoting a better understanding of the brutality of the Taliban regime If you ever need any assistance with Department matters or wish to share your ideas and views please do not hesitate to contact me or Mary Beth Carozza Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs House at 7 03 697-2536 m H-I-Sine 1y WZW Powell A Moore Assistant Secretary of Defense Legislative Affairs Total P 03 snowflake p41 2% November 20 2001 8 22 AM ohf TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 09 SUBJECT Recruitment Please get me some facts on recruitment and let me know where we are Is recruitment up because of all of this or not I keep hearing contradictory information about it Thanks 112001-5 Please respond by IDAONOE U14725 02 1 u an snow ake TO Torie Clarke A Larry Di Rita FROM Donald H Rumsfeld 9k 9 DATE November 23 2001 Q u RE Casualty Estimates Do you notice how the World Trade Center estimates of deaths 6 coming down from 5 or 6 thousand to somewhere around 3 or 4 thousand Think back to how we were so careful about not maki any estimates and as soon as we knew the 800 was high we pulled it down dramatic lt sure is easier to do it right the rst time Thanks r-x 1230 2 1 Respond by 3 1 A 31 02 TO Paul Wolfowitz CC Doug eith Steve Cambone FROM Donald H Rumsfeld DR DATE November 23 2001 RE Lists We ought to think through what are the bad things that could happen and what are the good things that could happen that we need to be ready for in both respects Please give me a list of each Thanks DHR azn 112301 10 Respond by 1 02 9000 IOMN snowflake TO FROM DATE art jib Larry Di Rita 4 Donald H Rumsfeld Wk November 23 200 1 Foreign Visitors See me about developing a system to force our bureaucracy to work so we can follow-up from these foreign visitors that I meet with and who I say I would like to help and then we don t ever seem to do anything for them Thanks DHR azn 112301 14 Respond by U11i732 02 err 90 Inna V CC snowflake 2P 0 November 26 2001 8 06 AM- TO Torie Clarke SUBJECT David Kennerly FROM Donald Rumsfeld yy David Kennerly may want to go on our next trip to Europe Also he would like you to give him a call He says the number he has for yOu doesn t seem to work Once again I am your action of cer Thanks DHdeh 112601-3 Please respond by 02 1 November 28 2001 2 00 P M SUBJECT David Kennerly Have sent an email to Kennerly and re-con rmed all working phone numbers If he goes with us he s got to be part of your delegation and not working media Thank you for being my action of cer met 112601-03 1 snow ake November 26 2001 8 08 AM 9 TO Torie Clarke ch ll FROM Donald Rumsfeld l4 SUBJECT Town Hall Please see me about the Fort Bragg Visit I didn t think the'BTown Hall thing worked If 112601-4 Please respond by r a 10 MN 9r U11t830 O2 TO FROM Tori DATE December 19 2001 SUBJECT Town Hall After you got rolling at Fort Bragg the town hall seemed to go pretty well Plenty of room for improvement though As we plan future town hall meetings we ll do a better job of encouraging questions '3 I a snow ake WW November 26 2001 1 29 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Languages a Please give me a piece of paper showing me t- languages spoken in Afghanistan by percentage 34 7 Thanks L131 011th i 112601-14 Please respond by C i S 11 82 3 02 1 November 26 200 1 MEMO TO SECDEF From Di Rita Subj Languages in Afghanistan Language Percentage of Population SneaLing 0 Afghan Persian Dari 50% Pashtu 35% Turkic languages Uzbek Turkmen 11% 30 Minor languages primarily 4% Balochi and Pashai NOTE Dari and Pashtu are both Indo-European languages that use the Arabic alphabet Pashtu sometimes spelled Pashto was declared the official language of Afghanistan during the reign of Zahir Shah Dari has been the traditional language of business and government though uJuEI- ub hula-r 1' ma snow ake November 26 2001 2 22 PM A Larry Di Rita Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Central Time 1 Please nd out what trrne 1t was 1n Chlcago when th 'apanese attacked Pear lint-W 4 34 15 Gm Harbor 4 Thanks -dh Lb 112601-17 Please respond by Wow 95 Ullr828 02 1 November 26 200 1 MEMO TO SECDEF From Di Rita The Pearl Harbor attack occurred at 7 55 am in Hawaii That would have made it 12 55 pm in Chicago December 5 November 26 2001 5 46 PM TO Paul Wolfowitz CC Doug Feilh Gen Pace FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT sons Learned I want to see a rst report on lessons learned om Afghanistan by December 20 Dl-mxlh 12601-21 Please respond by December 20 U04682 IOZ 1 Thanks A MW 72 In we November 28 2001 7 34 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld'Dh SUBJECT Reporters Killed How many reporters have been killed so far in Afghanistan Thanks Dl-Ikzdh l 112801-5 5% Please respond by 31 U1A823 02 1 TO SECDEF FROM hit i DATE November 29 2001 SUBJECT Reporters Killed There have been eight reporters killed in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom They are Azizullah Haidari Harry Burton Julio Fuentes Maria Grazia Cutuli Joanne Sutton Pierre Billaud Volker Handloik Ulf Stromberg Reuters 1 1 20 Reuters 1 1 20 El Mundo Spanish Newspaper 1 1 20 Corriere della Sera Italian News 1 1 20 Radio France Internationale 11 12 Radio Television Luxembourg 11 12 free-lancer 1 l 12 TV 4 Sweden 1 1 27 1 - I QJ 200% news aiert 2352 s AFGHANISTAN Swedish journalist killed by armed robbers in Taloqan Re dm re about rassfreed ii I hi rticle fri nd New York November 27 2001 The Committee to Protect 1 4 cameraman forthe murdered early this morning during a robbery at the house in Taloqan where he and several other journalists were staying At around 2 am Tuesday morning armed gunmen broke into the house and entered the room where two journalists from the Swedish newspaper A onbladet were sleeping The intruders demanded money which they were given and also stole equipment including cameras computers and a satellite phone were z we to Aftonbladet 2133 33 $322 r313 he lab The robbers threatened to kill the two ioumalists-Martin Adler 0 mm 1 a photographer and Bo Liden a correspondent-but left the room after an Afghan translator intervened on their behalf according to a Reuters report The gunmen then proceeded to the room Stromberg was sharing with his TV4 colleague Rolf Porseryd a correspondent Porseryd told reporters that Stromberg went to the door and slammed it shut when he saw the gunmen who fired several shots before eeing Stromberg 42 was apparently hit in the chest by a bullet red through the door Though colleagues rushed him to a local hospital his wounds were fatal Immediate threats to war reporters include being targeted by armed factions getting caught in the cross re or stepping on a land mine said CPJ executive director Ann Cooper Unfortunately the dangers posed by anarchy and lawlessness in Afghanistan are just as worrisome Journalists ee Afghanistan Scores of foreign journalists had been based in Taloqan but Reuters reported today that most planned to evacuate A spokesperson for TV4 told CPJ that Porseryd and two other colleagues based in Kabul le Afghanistan today and would accompany Stromberg s body to Sweden Adler and Liden of Aftonbladet also left the country today Stromberg is the eighth journalist killed in Afghanistan since the beginning of the US military campaign there more This year more journalists have been killed while reporting in Afghanistan than in any other country in the world 11 29 01 1 OUILV IV UL - A AP Photos CP Briefings Press freedom Armani the World mmouucnos momma nepommc cases PJ HOME PAGE wasamcrowntw RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Read first-hand accounts by journalists covering the war in Afghanistan 0 November 20 today con rmed that nn were killed in Afghanistan on November 19 when gunmen ambushed their convoy near the town of Sarobi about 90 kilometers 60 miles east of Kabul 331mm EEM an Afghan-hem photographer for the Reum' lws agency are hum-111 Australian television cameraman for Jqlaii Em a Spanish correspondent for 13 53 Wan-1 1 an Italian journalist for the Milan-base Colleagues identi ed the bodies of the journalists today in alalabad Altogether seven journalists have been killed this year while covering the war in Afghanistan Three foreign correspondents were killed on November 1 1 when the Northern Alliance convoy they were traveling with came under Taliban re Click here for more details November 20 welcomed the recent release of Japanese free-lance reporter Daigen Yanagida by Taliban authorities Separately CPJ con rmed the release of four Pakistan-based guides who had been arrested along with the Western reporters they escorted into Afghanistan Click here for more details a November 16 is deeply concerned about the US bombing of the Kabul of ces of Al- Jazeera the Qatar-based Arabic-language satellite news channel Early Tuesday morning U S aircraft dropped two SOD-pound bombs on the building housing the station according to a spokesperson at the US Central Command in Tampa No Al-Jazeera staff remained in the building at the time of the bombing which destroyed the facilities US Central Command spokesperson Col Rick Thomas told reporters that the building was a known al Qaeda facility in central Kabul However Mohammed assim al Ali Al-Jazeera s managing editor told The Associated Press that US forces know where we are located and they know what we have in our of ce and we also did not get any warning CPJ continues to investigate the circumstances behind the bombing l new_war_0 1 html 11 29 01 1 IILAV Iv an 1 - VA 0 November 12 is deeply saddened by the deaths of three colleagues killed while reporting in northern Afghanistan a reporter - assignment for the Gennan evenmg of November ll when Taliban forces red on their Northern Alliance military convoy Taliban forces opened re on the convoy and hit the convoy s armored personnel carrier with a rocket-propelled grenade Three journalists survived the attack Paul McGeough a reporter for the Australian newspaper The Sydney Morning Herald V ronique Rebeyrotte a reporter for France Culture radio and Levon Sevunts a reporter for the Montreal Gazette CPJ continues to investigate competing claims about how the journalists were killed A Northern Alliance general told CNN that the bodies of Billaud and Handloik were found in a Taliban trench and suggested that the two had been assassinated However McGeough told CNN he does not believe the journalists were targeted CPJ is also investigating reports that an Afghan translator traveling with the group is missing By Joel Simon New York October 16 2001 The September 11 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington D C and the subsequent international response have generated a media mobilization of unprecedented scale Journalists covering this story face considerable risks as well as restrictions from governments around the world that have their own reasons to silence independent reporting CPJ will monitor these global developments and will focus its advocacy on ensuring that journalists covering the war on terrorism are able to work freely CPJ believes that journalists play a crucial role in reporting on con ict by providing the public and policy-makers with the information needed to understand events and make decisions Journalists are especially critical because they are often the only civilians present on the eld of battle Risks At least one journalist was killed covering the World Trade Center attack The body of free-lance photojournalist William Biggart was found in the rubble at ground zero on September 15 Biggart had rushed to the World Trade Center with his camera shortly after hearing about the attacks Most of New York City s television stations had broadcast facilities on the top oors of the World Trade Center s north tower Several broadcast engineers are still missing They include WCBS-TV engineers Isaias Rivera and Bob Pattison engineer William Steckman WPIX-TV engineer Steve Jacobson WABC-TV engineer Donald DiFranco and WNET-TV engineer Rod Coppola With a military response now under way in Afghanistan international journalists have massed in Pakistan and the Central Asian republics that border Afghanistan Most journalists entering Afghanistan do so with the help of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance traveling into rebel-held areas lnew_war_01 new_war_0 1 html 11 29 0 1 1 I'm 190va ULU by helicopter from Dushanbe In the weeks after the September 11 attack only a handful of foreign correspondent were able to report om Taliban-held territory On September 28 Taliban authorities arrested a British reporter who crossed the border from Pakistan hidden beneath the all-encompassing burqa gown Yvonne Ridley of London s Sunday Express was held for 10 days in alalabad and Kabul and threatened with espionage charges She was released on October 8 The following day French reporter Michel Peyrard and two Pakistani guides were arrested when Peyrard also tried to enter the country under cover of a burqa Taliban of cials have accused the three men of espionage On October 13 the Taliban invitedda group of international journalists to tour Koram a village in eastern Afghanistan that was reportedly damaged in US airstrikes According to a report led by CNN '5 Nic Robertson the group of international reporters have been able to report from the city of Jalalabab under the supervision of government minders Meanwhile international reporters based in 1 neighboring Pakistan have reported a number of incidents including physical attacks by protesters and government restrictions that prevented them from reporting freely CPJ continues to monitor reporting conditions in Afghanistan and neighboring countries In the United States CPJ is closely'monitoring several anthrax cases reported at media outlets In Boca Raton Florida on Friday October-6 The Sun photo editor Robert Stevens died of inhalation anthrax On October 12 news services reported that an NBC News employee had contracted cutaneous anthrax which is rarely fatal She is expected to recover fully at i I 4 On October 15 ABC News president David Westin announced that a seven-month-old infant who had visited ABC's newsroom on September 28 had contracted cutaneous anthrax The infantproducer for ABC News is responding well to antibiotics Restrictions At the same time CPJ has noted with concern a number of incidents from around the world where of cials suppressed critical coverage relating to the September 11 attacks A free-lance cameraman working for The Associated Press in the West Bank City of Nablus was threatened for example after he lmed images of a group of Palestinians celebrating the September 11 attack In China the media have been banned from expressing any opinion about the attacks And in the United States the State Department tried to censor a VOA broadcast that contained an interview with a Taliban of cial Meanwhile U S secretary of state Colin Powell called on Qatar-i ruler Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani to use his in uence to rein in satellite channel Al-Jazeera s news coverage which the US government apparently feels has been unbalanced and anti-American On October 10 National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice phoned a group of US television executives and asked them to usecaution when airing pre-recorded messages from Osama bin Laden and his associates because of suspicion that the statements could contain instructions to terrorist cells Rice did not explain the basis for the suspicion is also closely monitoring the US Department of Defense as it develops guidelines for pool reporters see below who cover military operations RETURN TO TOP 1 html 11 29 01 1 Lu 1 TI UL I WASHINGTON VIEW Pentagon sets guidelines for pool reporting By Frank Washington October 2 2001 The US Department of Defense has promised to provide journalists covering future military operations with the best access possible but warned that logistics could be dif cult since military operations will be all over the map DOD of cials said they have no plans to implement any form of censorship but refused to rule out censorship as a possibility When asked whether DOD would demand prior review of copy led by pool reporters a senior DOD of cial said cannot guarantee that it won t occur In a September 28 meeting with bureau chiefs in Washington DC Department of Defense DOD spokesperson Victoria Clarke explained the Pentagon s guidelines for pool reporting Media pools will be noncompetitive and each member of any speci c pool will be required to share information with colleagues om other media Pool reporters will also be required to remain with the pool escort of cers or assigned units until the pool is of cially disbanded The transcript of the meeting has been posted on the Internet DOD of cials told CPJ that they would seek to preserve the security of operations and the safety of troops by ensuring that personnel who speak with journalists do not divulge classi ed information All DOD sources will request that journalists withhold any information that could conceivably jeopardize either the security or safety of US personnel or operations The guidelines for pool reporters covering a particularly sensitive military operation could include the submission of copy prior to publication The review would be used to ensure that reports do not include information that could potentially violate operational security DOD of cials stressed that the greatest obstacle to providing access for the press will be logistical since many of the military actions are expected to be carried out by clandestine Special Forces detachments The operations may last hours three days or a week said one of cial RETURN TO TOP CASES Afghanistan Afghanistan CPJ concerned about Canadian journalist believed kidnapped November 28 2001 Afghanistan Swedish journalist killed by armed robbers in Taloqan November 27 2001 html 11 29 01 Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan Afghanistan 1U5UJULU Taliban prisoners reportedly attack British journalist November 26 2001 ITN reporter wounded by shrapnel November 26 2001 Taliban expel foreign journalists November 26 2001 CPJ welcomes release of Japanese journalist November 20 2001 Four journalists killed November 19 2001 US airstrike destroys AI-Jazeera of ce in Kabul November 13 2001 CPJ mourns three journalists killed on assignment November 12 2001 French journalist Peyrard released November 5 2001 Japanese journalist detained in Taliban territory November 1 2001 CPJ demands release of French journalist and Pakistani guides October 16 2001 Taliban charge three journalists with espionage October 10 2001 Taliban arrest French journalist and two Pakistani guides October 9 2001 British journalist freed October 9 2001 Detained British journalist faces trial in Afghanistan October 4 2001 CPJ disturbed by Taliban accusations against jailed journalist October 3 2001 CPJ demands release of British journalist and colleagues October 1 2001 Benin Benin Journalists arrested newspaper censured over bin Laden article October 3 2001 China China Government cracks down on coverage of America s newest conflict October 2 2001 Indonesia Indonesia CPJ con rms attack on journalists covering anti-American protests October 24 2001 Liberia Liberia Radio host arrested for airing anti-American commentary September 20 2001 Palestinian National Authority Palestinian National Authority CPJ concerned about ongoing restrictions on journalists October 4 2001 Palestinian National Authority CPJ protests harassment of journalists covering West Bank celebrations of US terrorist attacks September 18 2001 Pakistan Pakistan Government bars Indian journalists October 30 2001 11 29 01 1 oLLv invv Ivuu 1 UL 1 Pakistan Authorities release French reporter Aziz Zemouri October 16 2001 Pakistan CPJ urges Pakistani authorities to release French journalist Aziz Zemouri October 13 2001 Pakistan American journalists threatened by protesters October 10 2001 United States United States CPJ concerned about threatening incidents October 13 2001 United States CPJ dismayed by US pressure against Arab satellite news channel October 4 2001 United States State Department pressures VOA to kill Taliban interview September 27 2001 United States Photojournalist among World Trade Center dead September 21 2001 LINKS GENERAL Library of Congress country studies -Get in-depth historical political economic and social information about countries in the region University of Texas Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection Get regional country and city maps Yahoo full coverage Get news from wires papers magazines radio tv and other web sites Washington File Get all US government statements relating to international affairs Institute for War and Peace Reporting SOUTH ASIA BBC South Asia AFGHANISTAN PBS Newshour background on Afghanistan News about Afghanistan from around the world PAKISTAN The Friday Times -Lahore Pakistan newspaper published by 1999 CPJ award-winners Jugnu Mohsin and Nazam Sethi Pakistan Daily CENTRAL ASIA News from Central Asia and the Caucasus 11 29 01 1 l bVV VVCU A was I Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty Tajikistan Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty Uzbekistan The Times of Central Asia MIDDLE EAST Middle East international London Middle East Report US BBC- Middle East Ahram Weekly Egypt Gulf Daily News Haaretz Israel Iran Daily Jerusalem Post Israel Jordan Times Khaleej Times United Arab Emirates Lebanon s Daily Star Oman Observer Syria Times Turkish Daily News Yemen Times ASIA Asia Times Online Asia Week Far Eastern Economic Review ARABIC LANGUAGE AI-Jazeera Satellite Channel Sahafa Online List of Newspapers and other media RETURN TO TOP 1 htm1 1 29 0 snowflake 6 November 28 2001 1 21 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Calendar Rescheduling I have a feeling that the things I want to do that we have 0 drop off the calendar don t get put back on For example I still need a de st appointment Thanks DI- inh 112801-10 Please respond by n- U14805 02 1 0 21ml 77 snow ake TO Torie Clarke November 28 2001 1 26 PM FROM Donald Rumsfeld 0W SUBJECT I i0 Please be sure you give me the material on the comment Paul Grossrieder the Director-General of the International Committee of the Red Cross made and what I actually said I am told Paul Wolfowitz is meeting with him and we need to get him straightened out Thanks 112801-1 1 Please respond by 1 U14806 ya 02 0 2 0 77 ff snowflake j bg h November 28 2001 1 38 PM TO Larry Di Rita VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld 2A SUBJECT Overscheduled We have to stop doing this to me There is no way I can function if I have the calendar I have I don t have a single second to do anything I cannot make the phone calls I need to make I cannot debr ief after the previous meetings etc I have had four meetings today and all I have is a stack of about three inches of paper that I haven t dictated off of It isn t going to work Thanks 112801-12 Please respond by 02 1 I l f In rv snow ake November 28 2001 3 05 PM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeldfh SUBJECT Ralston Brief Please check with Dick Myers and see if he thinks ought to get the Ralston ice 3 brief to the Principals plus Treasury FBI and Thanks 112801-16 Please respond by 0 WV f8 U14811 02 1 snow ake ll 2 5 A35 November 29 2001 10 20 TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld DA SUBJECT Information Operations Please take a look at this article particularly the marked section and see me on it Thanks Attach Book Review Christopher Willcox The Cultural Cold War 112901-1 Please respond by Ul4822 02 1 712s ibQ In if THE CULTURAL COLD WAR By Frances Star-or Saunders New PRESS PAGES an a By CHRISTOPHER anox LEPS BEGIN by sti ulatin that there was indeed a 1d ar By ib nrticn it was a battle involving not only armaments but ideas rhetoric and moral suasion The stakes were high especially in Western Europe where corn- munists were both plenti and menac- ingly in uential While all this may seem self-evident it is not entirely clear that Frances Stonor Saunders author of The Cultural Cold War is convinced She professes to be shocked shocked that the Central Intelli- gence ency engaged in deceptive prac- tices 3351 as covert funding of founda- tions conferences and magazines Again and again in this fascinating is if sometimes wr -headed account Saunders notesmdgiat the Soviet Union and its allies where also 1y engged inthis battle At one in ge ac owledges that the Soviet 'on was more on cultural gnopaganda in rance alone than the U was in the entire world She is silggl $031 8 was to ugermt But she fairly bristles with indignation at the shenanigans What this book reveals perhaps unin- tentionally is that the CIA was actually far'more sophisticated than is generally believed about assessmg the Sov1et threat and cgluntering it h lgreiost from digitisin- agency a strategy ex- Eigigted the left as the best ulwark against communism Thus the people on the pa 011 and the invitation n'arqiee 1mm om liberal-left intelli- entsia peqnle like the British Duct Stephen Spender and the French political phi empties m- Sormof lsse worthres like American writer Irvmg Kristo eventually moved to the nght But others like the American historian Arthur Jr remained Cold Warriors of a liberal east In a more direct way Ms Saimders for fying the role of organize g-llabor in the anticommunist struggle Irving Brown the of the Amencan Federation of pl a starring role in her narrative mne mg money and other forms of support to noncmmunist labor and all kinds of de- li di culties for st-in uenced unions The centerpiece of the 14's covert cem- 'gn was a 'ont organization called the ngress for Cultural Freedom headed from I956to 1967byaCIAagentnaned Michael Josselson It appears 'om the text that the author had-access to both Josselson s papers and to his Widow be- from his int of view At its peak the congress offices in 5 comprise pub- lished 20 prestigious magazmes spon- sored art exhibitions put on high-pro le conferences and rewarded musrcians and art- ists With prizes and commis- sions Ms Saunders tells this part of the story exceedingly well and there are some wonderful vignettes such as the effort by BIA-funded intellectuals to out fellow travelers at a 1949 Sovret-sponsored Cultural and Scienti c Conference for World Peace at the Waldorf Astoria in New York Down- stairs in the and ballroom are playwrig ts Lillian Hell- man and Clifford Odets and hundreds of other luminaries Upstairs in a ran ed suite is a counter-conference ephone cords webbed across the room and at the end of the tangle callers were leaninmanimatedlv into each receiver As waiters hovered nearby some members of the party looked on nervousl Who was oing to pick up the tab Si ey Hook the ilosopher from New York University who had booked the suite seemed uncon- cerned about the escalating cost atworm-ulna mm who knew Spender believe he had been Ms Saunders concludes With a dratnbe against unex- amined nostalgia for the olden days of American intel- 1gence I prefer the View of the British writer Malcolm Mug- geridge whom Ms Saunders to her credit quotes If I ac- cept as millions of other West- ern Europeans do that Amer- ica is destined to be the main- stay of freedom in this mid- twentieth century world it does not follow that American institutions are erfect that Americans are invariabl wel -behaved or that the American way 0 life is awless It only means that in one of the most terrible con icts in human history I have chosen my side as all will have to choose sooner ii later Mr Willow theformer editor in chief of Reader s Digest was program adviser for Radlb Free Europe Radio Liberty from 1984 to 1 988 Inihesidtewtth ookwerethewrlm -- - McCarthy and Elizabeth Hardwick Har wrck s oet-husband Robert Lowell and David of the Ladies Gar- ment Workers Union The CIA not only paid for the suite but saw to it that the counter-conference got press coverage Of all the enterprises covertly funded by the CIA none was more in uential than the British magazine Encounter Ed- ited at first by Mr Kristo and Stephen Spender and ater by Melvrn Leaky and Spender Encounter became the West s most important vehicle for hi brow anti- Marxist commentary It a so featured some of the best cultural and political thinking of its time The rst issue which appeared in 1953 featured a meditation on deathb AlbertCamus amemoirb Chris- topher Sherwood a review of An Mal- raw s Vorces of Silence and Leslie Fiecller s 1e endary olemicagainst the Soviet spies ulrus an Ethel Rosenberg thetimethetmesom'ceofthe a- zine funding came to be known in 19 7 Encounter had ublished Virtually _every important anti- liter vorce in the Western world from T Eliot to Arthur Koestler and Ignazio Silone And Mr Dairy in cparticular had become the ultimate man arin of Cold War literary salons This book is pretty un 'iendlv to him and it suffers as a result Of all the people who deserve some credit for the defeat of Soviet communism in our_t1me Mr Lasky ranks high on my list Did he and the CIA for that matter break some rules in taking the war to the enemy7 Un- doubtedly so Did they unlike some of their critics understand the true nature of the adversary Absolutely The book trails off after the _funding scandal breaks and we are left With a de- moralizing epilogue on the subsequent fate of the participants Stephen Spender for example wimps out com letely trying to convince an one who listen that he did not know ut the CIA funding Many 1 snowflake 30 November 29 2001 10 33 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld 77 SUBJECT Sin-cps sway These sitreps are pretty good There are some things in here we ought to try to use in my opening statements Thanks Attach J2 Sit-cps 1 12901-3 Please respond by 02 WV DO f November 29 2001 10 50 AM snowflake TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Bureaucrats I am unhappy with the career bureaucrats in OSD I feel they are undermining our decisions and are taking too long to get things done Let s talk about it Thanks DHdeh 1 12901-7 Please respond by 1 U14801 02 snow ake TO Steve Cambone we November 29 2001 3 11 PM FROM Donald Rumsfeld I SUBJECT In uence Campaign Please come up with a proposal for me on how we should institutionalize the in uence campaign Thanks 112901-16 Please respond by 1 U11i797 02 Fri 92 9 snow ake a 9% November 29 2001 3 16 PM TO Marc Thiessen FROM Donald Rumsfeld DA SUBJECT Anecdotes X9 Have you ever pulled together that anecdote mat al I gave yo and given me back all of that speech material Thanks 112901-19 Please respond by U14793 02 1 15' 9 63 la NN bf December 4 2001 11 15 AM TO The Secretary of Defense SECDEFHASSEEN FROM Marc Thiessen DEC 0 42001 SUBJECT Anecdotes Here is the anecdote material I have returned the original folders as you gave them to me and also a set of the reorganized les We have the papers organized as follows Anecdotes broken into categories and organized alphabetically 0 Background information other helpful information organized alphabetically by subject 0 Other materials such as your old speeches and various reports and papers you have collected on defense and foreign policy subjects I have a set of these materials in my of ce as well so that all the speechwriters can access them as they prepare remarks for you I have read through the anecdotes and some of the speeches But it might be a good project to have a researcher take the time to carefully read through all of your old speeches and the other materials here to pull out more anecdotes quotes statistics and ideas that could be useful for future remarks Attach Original SecDef speech anecdote les Set of reorganized SecDef speech anecdote les 1 snow ake 10 3915 November 29 2001 47 PM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld 0A 1 2 SUBJECT CNN 1 I I Are you familiar with the CNN show this afternoon when three of our Pentagon I press folks were being interviewed and beaten up On us What do you think about fashioning some opening remarks where I praise what we have done with the press during this con ict and how we have educated people about it Thanks 112901-24 Please respond by 1 U14790 02 1 TO SECDEF FROM To SUBJECT CNN Talkback Live Remarks Attached is the transcript from the 11 29 01 Talkback Live segment in which Pentagon reporters made remarks regarding access to information and troops We have highlighted comments by Bowman Baltimore Sun Franken CNN and Walter Cronkite Attachments as stated 1 LINN com - 1 Welcome' lash 1 1U Netscape @9311 MT 551 A - MAIN PAGE WORLD U S WEATHER BUSINESS SPORTS POLITICS LAW SCI-TECH SPACE HEALTH ENTERTAINMENT TRAVEL EDUCATION CAREER I N-DEPTH mmopmomnrm GALLME cmusr summarize QUICK NEWS LOCAL COMMUNITY MULTIMEDIA E-MAIL SERVICES ABOUT us CNN TV what's on show CNN Headline News CNN International EDITIONS CNN com Asia CNN corn Europe set your edition - ITlrneLInc IE I Getthis Special Issue of CNN TALKBACK LIVE Do on Front Lines Aired November 29 2001 - 15 30 ET THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED OIE CHEN HOST Do journalists belong on the front lines BEGIN VIDEO CLIP CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR CNN CHIEF INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT As you know U S reporters or international reporters have not been able to get anywhere near US forces END VIDEO CLIP BEGIN VIDEO CLIP SEN CARL LEVIN D MICHIGAN They can t worry about having the press to protect END VIDEO CLIP CHEN Should reporters arm themselves for battle Also today America s rst combat casualty inside Afghanistan BEGIN VIDEO CLIP UNIDENTIFIED MALE He was a patriot obviously We need more of it if we are to win this battle against terrorism END VIDEO CLIP CHEN What really happened in Mazar-e Sharif Good afternoon and welcome to TALKBACK LIVE AMERICA SPEAKS OUT We re ready to speak out today The Pentagon and the media In all it s been a rocky relationship during wartime Some say SCRIPT 5 01 1 l 29lt1 00 htm 1 Who s On Entertain Shop our SUBHIT I 11 30 01 unlucogn- 1 a5 4 U1 1 though that the war in Afghanistan has presented even more challenges than usual We will get to that in the minute First though we want to check on what is happening on war front today Somebody who is on the ground near Kabul here s Wedeman Ben ifyou could talk to us there are some developments around Kandahar BEN WEDEMAN CNN CORRESPONDENT Yes it appears the pressure is increasing on Kandahar which is the last Taliban stronghold in the country According to reports we are hearing anti- Taliban Pashtun tribal elements -- militias essentially -- are poised around that city However the Northern Alliance is now -- is denying earlier claims that their forces had entered the city But we do know the situation is very tense inside that town According to one report a -- one ofthe residents ofthe city was hung there accused ofbeing a U S spy They kept the body hanging there as a message to the people of Kandahar Joie CHEN Ben talk to us also about the developments and what has been learned at Mazar-e Sharifwith regard particularly to the American the CIA operative Mike Spann WEDEMAN Well it appears he was killed during this uprising by the Taliban and al Qaeda prisoners who were taken following the fall of Konduz Now the situation is very unclear in that they still in fact there are still Taliban soldiers and al Qaeda elements inside that compound The latest report is in fact that two workers who had come to clear away bodies from there were shot by the Taliban or al Qaeda -- it is not clear --elements within the -- within the compound itself U S forces we know of course were involved Not only air forces but special forces as well By and large despite these reports ofthe shooting ofworkers clearing away the bodies there it does appear that the situation is under control Joie CHEN Ben you know that this hour we do want to talk about the media s relationship with the military and with the situation at large about how you cover events in a war region like this Can you talk about your own sense of safety security ability to get to the front lines and whether you have the access you feel you need WEDEMAN Well certainly what I ve been covering is from the Northern Alliance side By and large the access is not too difficult to get to the front which is actually part ofthe problem in some cases 11 29 tl 00 htm1 1 1 30 01 1 156 U1 1U People have been killed when the Northern Alliance essentially invited them to hop on top of an armored personnel carrier and drive into battle into pitch darkness That sort of access is not the sort of thing that you -- that you necessarily want to take advantage of It s not a safe environment up at the ont lines It s it s chaotic There s no protection in terms of places to hide necessarily You have to wear your ak jacket your helmet But the ghting can be very chaotic here because neither side has trained soldiers These are essentially just people from the village who have lived all their lives carrying automatic weapons and they don t necessarily re them with the most precision Another danger of course is that God forbid in the event that somebody is hurt there are no medical facilities I have never seen a Northern Alliance medic for instance Their eld hospitals I m told are quite ghastly Basically that is where they take people to die They don t really have much in the way of of medicine So if by chance you are hurt here you are in big trouble Joie CHEN One can imagine Ben We want you to stand by here We want to add a couple other voices to the conversation today At the Pentagon for us is our old friend CNN correspondent Bob Franken He s our national correspondent now working at the Pentagon Also in our Washington bureau today retired Army General Edward Atkeson And Rich Noyes is with us He s the director of media analysis for the Media Research Center We thank you all for being with us Bob I want to start with you because this is where the question arises The relationship between the media and the military There is some feeling now that the media has not had much as much access as it is entitled to or needs to cover the story properly from the U S Defense Department WWIWM I'_ve_ have had whani have accompanied 0W mmamamey 1 1 1 29 tl 00 hlml 11 30 01 1 l'dJlSUl 17355 3 UL 1U anamhnveaccessto Tormmn Y 4 Paar-1 s-ameacmal nonethe'U S Skin mmii l fi 4 H '13 rl fl ln' Ill-77 1 11 '71 gim s_ i a I'mit estimat- mdependentmedia allofus takethe 1 Wm athee 'mt and the money 39 mi eigom to trygetascloseas 7 It rs anomphcated It's WW if it ion In the Vietnam war it was Gftherwart CHEN General are the circumstances different this time Circumstances that might require even more limitations than say during the Gulf War when a lot of the media had a lot of trouble a lot of disagreement with the Pentagon over access GEN EDWARD ATKESON US ARMY RET Enormous difference in this war This isn t a conventional campaign of any sort It s largely a bunch of tribes wandering -- very competitive tribes We ve lost four reporters just traveling from Pakistan in toward Kabul Just ambushed by we don t have the vaguest idea who they were The United States is not running these operations They are not in command of the various different districts We just have advisers and assistants with the local forces and we have really no command authority over them all At all So it is very dif cult to say we ought to just turn these chaps loose CHEN I want to ask Ann here to talk to Rich Noyes om the Media Research Center about your concerns about the media not having as much access ANN Well as somebody who remembers Vietnam and -- and Lyndon Johnson and so forth I am really really concerned that we know what is going on I think that in a democracy the public s right to know is just as important as many other rights in our country CHEN Rich speak to that Balancing the military s right and responsibility to do the job they re supposed to do l 29 tl 00 html 11 30 01 11 1113U11plb 1 as ur 1U RICH RESEARCH CENTER Well I think the military does have an obligation to provide access to journalists wherever and whenever it -- it feasibly can But one ofthe problems with this war as the general just alluded it s very -- been very unconventional You cannot send a reporter along with a group ofonly six or eight or 10 special forces And so far you know we really have not had ground access to the American military because the American military hasn t had much ofa presence untiljust recently The access has all been through the Northern Alliance And you ve seen American reporters and other international reporters traveling with the Northern Alliance and getting the story from that vantage point Now there has been a small beach head established by the Marines in the southern part ofAfghanistan There a beginning of some journalists who are getting in there and I think it will probably grow over time But the war may also be over more quickly before there can be much of a greaterjournalistic presence So Ithink you know from the vantage point that the war is going to continue on and we will know whether we are winning or losing Ithink rather quickly There won the the same situation you had 1n Vietnam where it dragged on for years and years and it was hard to figure out what really was happening on the ground CHEN Hear you We do want to continue this conversation but we do have to take a break here As we go to it Ijust want to read Artie comment to us by e- -mail Reporters have a purpose to report the events to a point Ifthey just go to make a name for themselves well shame on them I also want to mention to you the TALKBACKLIVE on-linc viewer vote Not a scientific poll But the view from the public on- -linc here saying Should journalists have unrestricted access to the front lines in Afghanistan No the Pentagon has the right to limit access by far 78 percent ofyou say the Pentagon does have the right to limit access Only 22 percent say they do not Well take a break come back with more right after this BEGIN VIDEO CLIP Em NEWS 1 1 oftheubemgMagthattheAmmcalf $411 'ttoknow _they have memwknowm 61 1'1 andumustb rcponed END VIDEO CLIP - 11 30 01 1 pulmcogn- 1 as U1 1U COMMERCIAL BREAK BEGIN VIDEO CLIP UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE Hi I m Kimber Jackson ph from Boston University It IS a reporter s job to inform the public of what' IS going on in the world There IS a war and people are dying and I want to know the whole truth about it END VIDEO CLIP CHEN The truth the whole truth nothing but the truth We did have to say good bye to Ben Wedeman our reporter at Kabul He did have to go back to work But joining us now is Tom Bowman military affairs correspondent for the Baltimore Sun Other panelists are staying with us as well But Torn since you re just joining us now talk to talk to us a little bit about what it is reporters want now that they are not getting weu miaramvmm CHEN We've ot Bob out here in our audience a vet himself 0118 with a little b1t of concern about the media and its access BOB Well my concern is the front-line troops these guys are a well- oiled machine they are working hard they ve got a lot of things to do a lot of things in mind but aren the other guys are getting in their way They re busy They don have time to take care of and babysit a reporter CHEN Yeah Tom they are busy Manama an'a thewntin'gs oramryte 1113 a- $343331 3233 Mona o die most 1 1 29 tl 00 html 11 30 01 1 LalVlV 1 IPLD a by 1 Us a famous photos ever taken 1n the 20th century the ag raising at Iwo 1ma Those occurred because reporters were with the troops on the front line CHEN And -- and did that help your understanding I mean is that the balance that you seek Bob BOB The ag raising happened after the battle The battle was -- was just winding down 110 433 BOB I mean it was not the front line of action at that moment CHEN Tom e emgedforseveralmore gassi- CHEN Bob Franken you know there s these lessons of history Some of the folks in audience here have been talking quite a bit about Vietnam - - 52 Wait it's an interesting minte esting argument about i WWm em m many i e liff Won becauseof _ tbatwasso - 1 u Wt lawman Mess beam independent mediamtthete 1 CHEN And the public did not know about the bombing in Cambodia for like a year So Wm 'ii e entagunpool Ii'aq warmed W 0118 that_ I was mf ibme mgu l 29 tl 00 html 11 30 01 1 1ranscr1pts rage 0 U1 1U how awful the war was It was kind of a sanitized version of the war And we deprived as a result our viewers of the quote total truth CHEN And Maya has another concern about that relationship actually between the media and the military getting too close MAYA Well the concern is that if the -- the journalists actually arm themselves then the question becomes can they be as objective as they need to be in their reporting 80 I mean I totally agree with you in terms of making sure that we have a free and open democracy in terms of making there s journalism on the front lines But they can remain objective if they indeed start to arm themselves and do other things in order to protect themselves CHEN Or even if they are just 4 Wmum Wuhan considered _a combatant And i Walsh s-Irv is thsixsu 1 me ijieasa CHEN Right And some folks might not read that ID until they Ve killed you and-come up to your body In any case CHEN General talk to us a little bit about these concerns perhaps of the media and military becoming close in a way that blurs the objectivity ATKESON Well I think there is an aspect that we have not addressed here at all and that is the morale of the troops Soldiers like to be reported on They like to have something in their -- in their home paper that will tell what they are doing They like to know that the American people are interested in what they re doing So the commander has to take that into consideration as he balances the risks he'takes by allowing information to get out through unauthorized channels that may compromise his operations CHEN Yeah and before we take a new swims 119 CHEN 1 29 tl 00 html 11 30 01 1 CNN com- rug 7 U1 1U Before we take a break here I do want to read an e-mail from James in San Francisco More journalists than US troops have been killed in Afghanistan However we aren t calling them heroes Without reporters on the front lines we ll never know what s going on over there That from James Audience we are going to ask you to take a break Panelists you as well We will back and talk more after this COMMERCIAL BREAK CHEN Welcome back We have just a few moments here on TALKBACK LIVE Before we leave you this hour I want to stop with Linda from Nebraska who s here in our audience Linda can the media be trusted if the military lets them go along or gives them more information LINDA I think they could I really do Because yes they are out there to let the people know but I think that they can be trusted Maybe I am just too much of a trusting person CHEN Rich got any concerns about that NOYES Well the Pugh Research Center just did a poll and they found that about 40 percent agrees with Linda that they would like the media to gure out how they can cover this war But 50 percent -- more than that -- wanted to let the Pentagon have more control over how journalists were able to access this war So the public is really not giving any pressure to the Pentagon to open this war up any further CHEN Tom last word from you Should there be more trust More in that relationship tw l im hsm ns'mmhwumtommt gAanyb mnW t pvt 7- I ll CHEN Unfortunately we are going to have to leave the conversation there Quickly ran out of time this afternoon with so many good guests Thank you all for being with us today And to you in our studio audience and at home as well Please join us tomorrow afternoon at 3 00 eastern when TALKBACK LIVE AMERICA SPEAKS OUT will speak out again ll29 tl 00 html 11 30 01 1 as I 0 TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT Search 0 2001 Cable News Network LP An AOL Time Warner Company All Rights Reserved 12m under which this service is provided to you Read our law 1 1 29 tl 00 html 11 30 01 1 wk Jr November 30 2001 8 10 AM A ob TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld 9A SUBJECT Long-Term Policies Q33- 21 k Who would be a good person from the Pentagon we could afford to engage in an extracurricular project to look at long-term US policy with respect to Muslims Who would be the best person to look at long-term policy in South Asia Thanks DI-Ikzdh 113001-3 Please respond by M Q2 3 U14788 02 1 snowflake December 1 2001 9 21 AM 3 TO Larry Di Rita Ray Du Bois FROM Donald Rumsfeld 3 SUBJECT Outplacement Service When I was at Searle and General Instrument I used a outplacement service anytime I had to reduce people Why don t we do that with respect to BRACs if people have to be laid off why don t we use an outplacement service It i st gmane rational helpful and not i terribly expensive Thanks dh fr DHR 120mm Please respond Lam Di Rita 114785 02 1 BS7 December 3 2001 8 31 AM TO Doug Feith I88 FROM Donald Rumsfeld 3% SUBJECT WMD Attached is a memo Cap Weinberger sent me that is worth reading Thanks Attach 1 0 1 7 0 1 Weinberger to SecDef DHdeh 120301-1 1 Please respond by 1047008 U14763 02 1 1 OPHCE THE - SECHEM or Forbes A 202 835-3394 HASSEEN DEC 03 2001 CASPAR W WEINBERGER A I A October-17 2001 MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE THE HONORABLE DONALD RUMSFELD AND THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE THE HONORABLE PAUL WOLFOWITZ SUBJECT Brie ng of October 12 2001 At the end of the very helpful brie ng meeting you held on October you asked us to consider What should we have done 2 to 3 years ago to make it less likely that we would be subject to weapons of mass destruction In speci c answer there are some short term things we could have done or actually are doing that will help But 1 think the more important paths we could follow--or should follow-have A their roots in history with a longer range than 2 to 3 years ago First short term A We have now fully embarked on the acquisition and deployment of missile defenses thanks to the Rumsfeld Commission report This means an effective missile defense not limited and to deploy that we of course need to abandon the ABM Treaty consistent with Article 15 of that Treaty B As part of general homeland defense we should involve as many people as possible by the use of large scale education programs in chemical warfare use of gas masks and foreign hostile capabilities We should strengthen our border controls against hostile persons and substances So a major public information campaign on all aspects of what used to be called civil defense needs to be launched The events on September 11 1 should make it more possible to train and equip more people so they can understand and deal with all forms of hostile border incursions Second long term - long range programs and policies based on lessons learned from our history A After World War I we disarmed disbelieved any possibility of a renewed threat from Germany because the Versailles Treaty prevented Germany from rearming and we paid the penalty when a re-armed Germany attacked Poland and or NW SUITE 406 WASHINGTON DC 20036 Dmloom u17573 401 B C D France We did not put an army of occupation in Germany largely because we wanted to end all talk of war We had ignored all the warnings and all the German promise breaking taking refuge in the academic argument that the Versailles Treaty was too harsh anyway Japan had been making threatening noises and actions since they captured Manchuria Again we paid little attention Japan saw how easily Germany regained her power by breaking promises with no cost and indeed with appeasement to face Only Churchill and a very few others saw the dangers and so it took the most devastating war in history to demonstrate again that there are some governments that it is folly to trust After World War we did better We demanded and received unconditional surrender in Europe and in Asia against the opposition of many here who thought such demands would only prolong the war We rooted out the governments and leaders responsible for it all in Germany Italy and Japan even though for sound strategic reasons we left the Emperor in place We tried many as war criminals we put in armies of occupation and gave generous but thoroughly audited and supervised funds for reconstruction and economic aid Those three defeated governments shortly became and remain our closest friends and supporters through NATO and bilaterally for more than 60 years We did not leave the old guilty governments in power We did not accept or rely on their worthless promises We did neglect our military badly but we retained our recognition that sometimes you do have to ght for peace We did it in Korea and later to protect a small Arab country Kuwait from being stolen by Iraq As in Korea we were greatly aided by a skillfully constructed coalition and won a stunning military victory But again we forgot the lessons of history We accepted the worthless promises of Saddam Hussein and lc him in power As history told us he would he broke most of his promises and began to rebuild his shattered military We never considered deposing him and putting in an army of occupation Arab not Western and he is and will be as long as he lives a constant threat to a real peace in the Middle East In Grenada on an in nitely smaller scale we did it right We won a complete military victory We kept an occupation force there during the short time it took to sweep away the le wing anarchists who had caused all the trouble We stayed only long enough to ensure the people could choose a new government with whom they and their neighbors could live in peace Conclusion The touchstone and the key of these lessons is that there is much evil in the world ignoring it and hoping that promise of war criminals and terrorists will be kept will only lead to long and more vicious wars 1 Our failure to learn these lessons of history could lead us to the belief induced by our natural desire to get it over with to thus forget what we must do now to keep a peace won by our troops and our people So I hope we will not be dissuaded by arguments that the coalitions we have put together will not hold if we use the lessons of our past and be willing to follow what will be a long hard military victory with the equally difficult task we must follow to complete our victory by eliminating not trying to deal with those who caused it all I must say I am horri ed by today s suggestion that we might include moderate elements of the Taliban movement in a new broad-based government in Afghanistan I remember all too clearly when once the attempt was made to beguile us into thinking there were moderate elements in Iran Incidentally if we need yet another example we can go all the way back to the Napoleanic Wars After a European coalition defeated Napoleon in the eld Europe trusted his promises that he would stay in exile on Elbe When he broke that promise and the coalition had to defeat him again at Waterloo the coalition led by Great Britain locked him up rmly and effectively on St Helena where he died The subsequent peace lasted nearly 3 00 years 419 December 3 2001 10 40 AM TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Next Case I have a feeling we are going to have to make our case on anything we do after Afghanistan You have to get a team together and decide what we ought to say and shouldn t say for each of the items in our Way Ahead Please do that and get back to me soon a 15 Thanks C a DHdeh 120301-26 Please respond by 5 gm U14760 02 1 TOP a ecember 3 2001 12 00 PM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Foreign Assistance L Here is a compilation of how countries are helping We ought to make sure we use these in our talking points when we meet people from those countries-not just me but everyone in the Department of Defense Thanks Attach Undated Chart Assessing Relative Progress of Nations in War on Terrorism r-N 120301-29 Please respond by 8 7 Q A - U15067 02 snow ake December 3 2001 12 11 PM TO Steve Cambone Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld P- SUBJECT Planning You and the Deputy have the responsibility of getting back to me and telling me how we are going to make the Department of Defense capable of doing its planning which it obviously is not capable of doing at the present time UGO Thanks 120301-30 Please respond by E 3 Q U14759 02' 1 snow ake TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT What Is Left are being used up Thanks 120301-48 Please respond by 1 J 239 December 3 2001 5 48 PM U14755 0%6 02 December 4 2001 9 46 AM TO Paul Wolfowitz Doug eith FROM Donald RumsfeldV SUBJECT Absent On Tuesday December 04 200 1 it appears that the ve top policy people in the building are gone I don t think we should manage our affairs that way Someone has to be here Thanks DHdeh 120401-1 Please respond by U14753 02 7y December 4 2001 10 00 AM 569 Cf TO Doug Feith b '3 Paul Wolfowitz 3 FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Gen Franks Phone Call When you were out of town Pete Verga ended up on my phone all With Tommy Franks I don t like that I did not authorize you to put a 311 titute 011 that call These phone calls are personal they are getting way to many people on them and I am going to cut them down Thanks if SE 120401-2 db 0530 8% Please respon 6200 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF FENSE 3D The Senior Military Assistant m j gsoLt'c Hole i COL 45 4001 Ola park 0C h 7 IT g Li L-x Wet '71 xv 46414 3036' 1 47 9 U14746 of U14746 0 2 snow ake y TO J1m Haynes 247 41'1 FROM Donald Rumsfeld 77 DATE December 4 200 SUBJECT Ruth Wedgewood I #700 If Ruth Wedgewood is the woman you wanted to include please include her I just read her piece in The Wall Street Journal She s a star Thank you DHR azn 120401 04 Please respond by ln m ll l U14752 02 1 - 053' 7 23 6 snowflake - 94C Torie Clarke Donald Rumsfeld 2 DATE December 4 2001 g' n 7 SUBJECT Insight Magazine Thank you DHR azn 120401 05 Please respond by 12 A 11 51 02 1 Insight on the News ur litti t xt tr-t3 t wriw ADVERTISE ozscuss Issue Date December 24 2001 Defense First Posted Nov 30 2001 By J Michael Waller President George W Bush is on the Cover Story brink of a stunning new accomplishment in defense of the nation Bit by bit senior administration gures tell Insight he is dismantling what they say he regards as a failed The National Security Councand discredlted President Bush at the White House system of treaties arms control processes and official cover-ups that have hog-tied the United States for decades while allowing adversaries and rogue regimes to develop proliferate and deploy weapons of mass destruction Presidential insiders say Bush believes a decade of morally corrupt winks and nods at proliferators and state sponsors of terrorism helped make possible the carnage of Sept 11 Never again Bush says No more slaps on the wrist No more looking the other way No more haggling over endless negotiations or cramming for artificial deadlines knowing all the while that the bad guys will lie and cheat and that the State Department will help conceal their embarrassment Even before Sept ll members of Bush s national-security team blamed the antique arms control process for preventing the United States from defending itself against emerging missile threats while rewarding Russia and China as they sold biological- chemical- and seem Us nuclear-weapons technology -and the missiles to deliver them -- elHi- m paas to terrorist regimes Cl li'l Incredibly Bush s lieutenants are finding what one source calls Ste 7 rank insubordination within the State Department and elsewhere Weight Insight has learned that some US of cials opposed to the new mm snowflake 5 a A my December 4 2001 5 36 PM 090 TO Larry Di Rita 6 FROM Donald Rumsfeld DA 4 SUBJECT Painting Photo A thought might be to put a world-class photo of the Pentagon in my of ce where George Marshall is I don t know if we have one It might even be one that shows where the airplane went in It would have to be big-even a painting of the Pentagon might be the answer Please think about it There has to be a really spectacular photograph we could get enlarged and put up there or think about putting there Before anyone goes crazy and spends a lot of money and does it I would like to see What someone iS thinking about I don t want anyone to just pop off and do something Thanks 120401-7 Please respond by 7 56 JW Cde J' 7 M7 U1h748 02 6 393 5 20 woe snow ake December 5 2001 7 08 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld Nb SUBJECT Congressional Follow-Up woman who was very supportive and wanted to talk with on of our lawyers about the tribunal issue I I want to know that that has been done Please nd put Thanks 120501-2 Please respond by 1 899 02 1 snowflake December 5 2001 7 14 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Concert Offer Please have someone look at this letter from Robert Rosenthal and take care of it It looks like a good idea to me but I don t know enough about it Thanks Attach M-i 12 03 01 Rosenthal letter to SecDef 120501 -5 Please respond by 4519 721 74 K4 Kev ew- u19168w 01 1 ROBERT and NINA ROSENTHAL FOUNDATION INC 2040 Avenue of the Stars Fourth Floor Telephone 310 286 7691 Aios Angelesz California 90067-4703 rosenthalx@a01 com FAX 310-286-0121 December 3 2001 SECOB 05c SEEN THE HONORABLE DONALD RUMSFELD 0 5 2001 Secretary of Defense 1000 Defense Pentagon Washington DC 20301- 1000 Dear Secretary Rumsfeld I am on the Board of the Western Music Association The WMA includes among its members Riders in the Sky Sons of the San Joaquin Don Edwards Joni Harms Hot Club of Cowtown and many others who have appeared on local and national television The WMA would like to Offer to the United States war effort a series of shows at military bases These concerts would be aimed not just at our soldiers but would be directed at the full nilitary family including wives and children It is our belief that the families Of our ghting men hould always be included as they too participate in the totality of the defense of the United States The WMA is thinking along the lines of holding concerts at bases such as Fort Bliss Cavalry Division Fort Bragg 82 d Airborne Division Fort Campbell 10 1 t Airborne Division Norfolk Naval Station US Atlantic Fleet Camp Pendleton 1 st Marine Division and Eglin Air Force Base We would supply a country headliner and two or three additional acts 'om the members Of the Western Music Association I have been told that Charlie Pride and Dwight YOkum have already expressed interest in headlining two Of the concerts I can also say that Sam Elliott and Katharine Ross would be thrilled tO MC a couple Of the concerts Sam Elliott is staring with Mel Gibson in a big military movie entitled We Were Soldiers Once and Young scheduled for a Spring release Our concerts will not be playing hard rock heavy metal or rap that insults women and bashes police Just family oriented music which I promise you will not be boring It will be up beat and patriotic just like our members who are most enthusiastic about this potential tour These concerts will not cost the government any funds The WMA will Obtain a limited Number Of sponsors and my Foundation will guarantee any overages I have kept this letter tO a bare minimum If the ideas expressed above pique your interest THE HONORABLE DONALD RUMSFELD Secretary of Defense December 3 2001 Page No 2 A will be most happy to discuss it either by telephone or in person with any of your staff who you would ask to contact me My thanks for any consideration your of ce can give to this offer Sincerely yours We aster ROBERT M ROSENTHAL 1 snowflake Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Press Attention It is interesting that we had a successful ballisti at the Tuesday press brie ng the subject neve came up I wonder if it would have come up if it had been a failure Thanks 120501-13 December 5 200- I issile test on Monday night but fr Please respond by U14999 02 TO SECD FROM 0 0% DATE December 1 l 2001 SUBJECT Press Attention Interesting yes but I am not concerned about the lack of interest in the success of the missile defense test As I ve said all along I think missile defense s appropriate position is as one piece of a' broader deterrent strategy orie Clarke Donald RumsfeLl c l 9% SUBJECT Women in fAfghan Government I told somebody to get us the information on how any women are going into the Afghan government I want to mention that etime this week in a press brie ng It is clearly a Bush administration acc plishment the pressure that was put on Thanks 120501-26 Please respond U15068 02 1 l December 1 1 200 1 TO SECDEF FROM To b k SUBJECT Women in Afghan Government According to the people in the CIC 2 women are a part of the new 30 member interim government in Afghanistan One serves as a Deputy Premier in charge of Women and Children s issues The other serves as a House Minister in charge of Health Affairs The interim government will be' in place for 6 months until a traditional tribal council can convene The new leader is Hamid Karzai snowflake Y9 December 5 2001 7 19 AM TO Torie Clarke Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Hospital Visits hot I probably ought to go to a hospital sometime and visit some who were wounded in the Pentagon Larry you ought to think about me going to hospitals if and when those wounded in Afghanistan come back and are at Walter Reed or Bethesda Thanks 120501-g Please respond by IO BAGS U14744 O2 1 o snowflake December 10 2001 7 38 AM TO Torie Clarke 25 FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Reporting on Burial in Arlington reporting on Burlingame was just disgraceful ey said we not let him be buried in Arlington which is at untrue- '6 t01d them he be buried there It is disgracefully bad Brian Williams 0 to be ashamed Of himself Thanks 121001-3 Awm Please respond by 0' Rita 37 30 0 TO SEC EF FROM DATE December 11 200 1 SUBJECT Reporting on Burial at Arlington Talked to a producer at and expressed our views She seemed to take it seriously 1 snow ake OD woa December 10 2001 7 48 AM TO Torie Clarke Doug Feith meahm FROM Donald Rumsfeld CO r- CC Gen Myers Q E 9 SUBJECT Warfare Oliver North has an interesting article here about all the record breakers in this con ict It seems to me we ought to get an authoritative piece done on this I suppose the Joint Staff and Policy ought to work on it Thanks Attach 12 09 01 Washington Times op ed Oliver North Rollout for New Ways of Warfare DHdeh 121001-5 Please respond by IO 3 30 0 U15084 02 lUl IIUVV U1 vvcuicuu 1 1 U1 The Washington Times Rollout for new ways of warfare Oliver North PublishedZBROOl First in a series ABOARD THE USS BATAAN LHD-S America s generals and admirals are often accused of preparing for the next war by re ghting the last one Whatever the validity of that charge in the past it certainly isn t the case in Operation Enduring Freedom This campaign against Osama bin Laden s al Qaeda terror network and the Taliban despOts in Afghanistan is being made up on the by soldiers sailors airmen and Marines who are rewriting military textbooks with one hand while they ght this new kind of war with the other After a week of rsthand observation for FOX News I see similarities to all other wars massive numbers of ships planes men materiel and munitions days and nights of backbreaking sweat- drenched work being done by young Americans thousands of miles from family and friends countless hours of mind-numbing boredom punctuated by brief moments of stark terror and loved ones at home hoping and praying that a father son or brother a mother daughter or sister return safely and soon But beyond these common connections to wars past there is much more that is unique about Operation Enduring Freedom than anything our military has ever done before Right from the sneak attack on September 11 this war has been one for the record books Most U S civilians killed in any war 3 308 Greatest number of aircraft hijacked in a single day four Shortest time to build an international alliance to tight back 26 days Most journalists killed in a single week of war eight Since Oct 7 when our counterattack began records have continued to be set The longest duration combat sorties in history 44 straight hours more than 14 000 miles by the bombers based at Whitman Air Force Base in Missouri Longest Close-Air-Support mission in aviation annals 11 hours by the US Air Force 332nd Air Expeditionary Group Highest number of Close Air Support sorties own in a single day in direct support of non-US forces on the ground 71 by Navy Marine and Air Force 8's F-14's F-l 5 s F l 6 s and AV-8 Harriers Deepest amphibious air assault ever conducted 441 miles by the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit Longest resupply route to support a unit in hostile territory 950 miles round-trip for the Marines at Forward Operating Base Rhino near Kandahar Number of countries helping to win a war that do not want to be identi ed as allies seven That last entry in the record books is one reason why this war is so very challenging for those who are ghting it U S commanders on scene with whom I met last week know that the heads of state in the region don t dare risk being seen as too close to the U S -led war effort for fear that we will again abandon the theater once Osama bin Laden has been run to ground And because Afghanistan is a landlocked country surrounded by nations where we have no US military bases from which to launch offensive operations it has made the ght to nish al Qaeda and the Taliban an extremely complex long-distance effort Over the course of four days last week I was afforded a unique opportunity to see rsthand just 1209-108 13 664 12 10 2001 1 4 no - v 1 - -vgnv - AVA rva-J u how sensitive and dif cult this entire operation is A brief chronology of my trip re ects the extraordinary challenges in this campaign and how steadfast and creative young Americans are overcoming them in order to win the rst war of the 2 1 st century The trip began at 5th Fleet Headquarters in Bahrain where Vice Admiral Charles Moore Jr and his staff provide the Naval Component the ships sailors and Marines to the US Central Command for this new kind of warfare From there it was a four-hour ight aboard a twin-engine Navy C-2 packed with replacement personnel and critically needed equipment to the ight deck of the USS Theodore Roosevelt CVN-71 in the Arabian Sea While there The Big Stick launched dozens of F-14 Tomcats and F- 18 Hornets for six and seven-hour strike missions against targets in Afghanistan After linking up with two Navy doctors who were headed for Rhino the Marine forward operating base some 450 miles inland we boarded a 30 year old CH-46 Sea Knight helicopter for the 60-mile trip to the USS Bataan one of our newest amphibious assault ships In the brief time we were aboard the 844 foot warship took on food fuel bombs ammunition and spare parts from the USS Detroit launched and recovered Harriers for strikes against targets in Afghanistan and coordinated another highly sensitive operation in support of the Marines in Afghanistan As darkness began to close in over the Arabian Sea the Bataan launched its two high-speed Air Cushion Landing Craft LCACS for the 45 knot 30-minute trip to the venerable USS Shreveport 12 There we loaded tons of weapons ammunition water and equipment for the Marines ashore Once it was totally dark our pilot a Navy chief donned his night-vision goggles and we headed inland from over the horizon ying at almost 50 knots without lights across the surface of the water When we arrived at Red Beach Navy and Marine Shore Party personnel leaped to the task of unloading all the supplies personnel and equipment reloaded it all aboard a well-protected convoy and trucked everything to a small but well-guarded air eld less than 10 miles inland Just moments after it all arrived in a remarkable demonstration of interservice coordination a US Air Force C- 130 landed hastily loaded the contents of the trucks into its cargo bay and took off for the Marine base near Kandahar By dawn there was no sign that tons of munitions and cargo and scores of US military personnel had staged across Red Beach No US ships were visible offshore And at a dirt airstrip in Afghanistan the Marines were unloading another planeload of vitally needed supplies and personnel Less than 48 hours after they arrived the doctors I rst met aboard the USS Bataan were treating more than 20 casualties in icted by an errant U S bomb Next Why this war is the way we will ght in the future Oliver North is a nationally syndicated columnist and the founder and honorary chairman of Freedom Alliance Copyrighto 2001 News Won d Communications Inc All rights reserved Return to the article 1209 1 081 3 664 12 10 2001 1 snowflake 9W1 December 10 2001 11 57 AM x 6 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Lunch Tour at Pentagon Would you please have someone work with Joyce to arrange a Cabinet spouse tour of the Pentagon and lunch with me in January She thinks there wouldn t be enough Cabinet wives to make it but we could include some of the White House staff spouses as well Please have someone talk with her she can pick a date in January and then they can work up a program with her We ll have a tour then the lunch in my dining Thanks 121001-17 Please respond by e we 0 U15088 02 snowflake December10 2001 1 05 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Past Con rmation Hearings 0 Please have someone see if the word Vietnam was mentioned in Secretary McNamara s con rmation hearings and if Afghanistan was mentioned in my 0 hearings Thanks Dam 121001-21 Please respond by Puma 17 1% 19563 I 0 1 snowflake December 10 2001 1 09 PM TO Larry Di Rita j Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld D9 SUBJECT Journal on War 3 Today the President said Karen Hughes is working on and has a draft of what has happened during the war so far minute-by-minute and that we should all take a look the same wavelength Thanks Dl-IR dh 121001-22 Please respond by IO 590 0 U15077 02 0 December 10 2001 2 43 PM TO Paul Wolfowitz CC Doug eith Gen Myers Gen Pace FROM Donald Rumsfeldm SUBJECT Way Ahead In connection with the way forward work each of you is doing it seems to me that we ought to be thinking about Khobar Let s factor that in as well as the USS COLE Thanks 121001-26 Please respond by U15079 02 9000 leid az snow ake December 12 2001 12 20 PM TO Larry Di Rita 0 FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Weakening of Deterrence I dlctated a paper on that have weakened the dete P3111 and I started working on it It was retyped and given to him to edit Please get it back om him no later than close 0f USiness today I want to have it Thanks 121201-18 A v Please respond by U15096 02 IO dz bf 37 snow ake December 12 2001 8 20 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Boyce Speech I read in the paper somewhere that Boyce of England the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces gave a talk that was critical of the U today s Early Bird Thanks 121201-3 Please respond by U15093 02 or k x- 93%721 0 fl 9 December 12 2001 8 24 AM We snow ake VJL 2 7 TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 50 SUBJECT Rules on Use of MilAir Why don t you get somebody to work up a set of rules as to how we are going to use military aircraft handle reimbursement etc I think we need policies so we can live with them and stick with them There is no reason the Department of Defense ought to do things on a non-reimbursed basis for other departments Indeed I think it is probably against Congressional intention Thanks 121201-5 Please respond by c359 - Jae 11509Ca mj 7%me ferna g 6 10071 Maj- 7 W 0 C3 3% 2x2 December 13 2001 7 37 AM TO Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld fl SUBJECT Biological Early Warning System Here is a note from Newt Gingrich Would you please see if somebody could get this brie ng-you or whoever is appropriate Then please get back to me and let me know what it is about Thanks Attach 12 1 2 0 1 Gingrich e-mail to Schef 121301-3 Please respond by U15099 02 '1 Page 1 of bxe r f am NM Glha C h CIV 05D From Thirdwave2@aol com SECDB HAS SE1 Sent Wednesda December 12 2001659 AM 1 W6To osdpentagonmil ttether darpamrl Cc Subject proposal with dod potential you may want to get a brie ng from Rita Cclwell at the NSF about NEON the National Ecological Observatory Network which really should be better named Biological Early Warning establish monitoring sites that will allow early detection of biological intrusion either deliberately or naturally of pathogenic biological agents biological weapons of mass The heart of the matter is to create a background baseline against which to measure any insertion of biological or chemical agents It is a little like creating an electrocardiogram baseline for cardiac analysis for a patient It has great potential both here at home and abroad DOD and CIA may want to explore the advantage of creatig a global netowrk of these observatories as a baseline for biological warfare data worldwide Newt mack l2 12 9001 1 snow ake bc f December 14 2001 8 25 AM TO Larry Di Rita bu FROM Donald Rumsfeld 70 SUBJECT BRAC b3 Please pull together the language in the BRAC legislation that some people think 3 is positive and enables us to pickle things I would like to know what it says Thanks 3 121401-2 1 Please respond by l 4 0 -- U15101 02 snowflake December 14 2001 8 29 AM TO Steve Cambone Rich Haver DIA NSA FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Language Assistance I was talking to Jim Billington the head of the Library of Congress yesterday He A'lbO tells me they have a great deal of language capability that is available to help in any way we might want You folks should keep that in mind Thanks Dl-Ikzdh 121401-4 Please respond by 0 901snow ake December 14 2001 8 37 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Letters of Condolence Let s get letters written to both the Minister of Defense and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of India Fernandez and Singh expressing condolences for the attacks that just took place in Delhi Thanks 121401-7 Please respond by U15105 02 snow ake 9 d December 14 2001 9 07 AM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld 10 0 SUBJECT Authorization Bill You can tell Charlie Aldinger that I do not plan to recommend that the President veto the authorization bill on the basis that the BRAC is in 2005 rather than 2003 My earlier statement when I indicated I would recommend a veto was based on the thought that BRAC would not be in there at all Thanks A Dl'midh 121401-l 1 I I I Please respond by I0 5 a h U15107 0 2 1 snowflake December 14 2001 12 15 PM TO Gen Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT NCA The Joint Staff has a way of assigning responsibility to the National Command Authorities NCA The NCA are two people-the President and the Secretary of Defense Therefore it seems to me it is an improper use of the phrase It is improper use of NCA to suggest that is the deciding authority The ambiguity is unhelpful It seems to me we ought to decide things as to whether the deciding authority is going to be the President or me and I can make that decision and work it out with the President Why don t we get this practice slowed down and stopped Thanks DHdeh 121401-13 Please respond by 10mm 410554555 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS SERVICES COMMUNICATIONS AND DIRECTIVES Feb 26 2002 MEMORANDUM FOR UTIVE SECRETARY SUBJECT National Command Authorities Please con rm that the guidance outlined in the attached memo and signed by the Director Joint Staff pertaining to the use of the term National Command Authorities is correct We have not been able to nd any guidance regarding this issue that has been published by the SecDef or his immediate staff L Edward Curry CCD - The Bridge for SecDef Correspondence 1 rcn-AA-cuuz m-ao JUINI SECRETARIAT P 02 OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON 0 0 zone-ass Reply ZIP Code MGM-0003-02 203 18-0300 11 January 2002 MEMORANDUM FOR JOINT STAFF DIRECTORS Subject Use of the Term National Command Authorities 1 The Secretary of Defense has directed that use of the term National Command Authorities be discontinued The term originates from the Uni ed Command Plan and is de ned as the President and the Secretary of Defense or their duly deputized alternates and successors It is used extensively in deployment orders execute orders directives instructions publications and many other DOD and interagency documents 2 In future please discontinue use of the term National Command Authorities Documents should instead refer speci cally to the President or the Secretary of Defense or both as appropriate In most cases the term National Command Authorities can simply by replaced by the Secretary of Defense In each of your subject matter areas however there will be cases requiring involvement by the President or by both the President and the Secretary of Defense Those cases will have to be identi ed and annotated appropriately In case of doubt consult with 3 I appreciate your assistance in this matter both in preparing documents originating from your directorates and in reviewing documents prepared by the Combatant Commanders Of ce of the Secretary of Defense and interagency departments For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Wsw w Lieutenant General USA Director Joint Staff TOTPL P 02 Rumsfeld BanishesTenn National Command Authorities From DOD Page 1 of Inside The Navy February 4 2002 Rumsfeld Banishes Term National Command Authorities From DOD Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has directed the Pentagon to cease using the term National Command Authorities 1n all Defense Department documents and instructions It should be replaced with references to the president defense secretary or both according to a Jan 11 Joint Staff memorandum obtained by Inside the Navy Documents should instead refer speci cally to the President or the Secretary of Defense or both as appropriate the memo reads In most cases the term National Command Authorities can simply be replaced by the Secretary of Defense However some defense matters will require the involvement of and therefore a reference to the president and defense secretary the memo states Those cases will have to be identi ed and annotated appropriately the memo reads Army Lt Gen John Abizaid director of the Joint Staff sent the three- aragraph memo to the other Joint Staff directors Abizaid has eight directors of num ed Joint Staff div1sions working under him and a director of management - The NCA terminology originated from the Uni ed Command Plan which de nes the NCA as the President and the Secretary of Defense or their duly Ideputized alternates and successors according to the Abizaid memo The phase is used extensively 1n DOD deployment orders dire- -s instructions publications and other Pentagon and interagency documents according to the Jan 11 memo j u A Pentagon of cial said the change is more of an administrative matter than a change in policy or operations and that it is primarily an effort to clarify the individual being referred to in DOD documents Another source said the phrase NCA was a Cold War relic that needed to be replaced appreciate your assistance in this matter both in preparing documents originating from your directorates and in reviewing documents prepared by the Combatant Commanders the Of ce of the Secretary of Defense and interagency departments the Abizaid memo concludes Copies of the memo were sent to the militarv services and commanders-in-chief -- Christian Bohmfalk 2 4 2002 1 The Joint Staff has a way of assigning responsibility to the Nati snowflake 6K0 Gen Myers FROM Donald Rumsfelfw SUBJECT NCA Authorities NCA 00 The NCA consists of two people-the President and the ecretary of Defense Therefore it seems to me it is not wise to suggest that NCA is the deciding authority in that it is ambiguous as to which one It seems to me we ought to decide'as to wheth the deciding authority is going to be the President or the Secretary of Defens and I can work that out with the President Why don t we get this practice step Thanks - - - i233 Please respo by U12006 02 Reply ZIP Code 203 18-0300 1 MEMORANDUM FOR JOINT STAFF DIRECTORS Subject Use of the Term National Command Authorities 1 The Secretary of Defense has directed that use of the term National Command Authorities be discontinued The term originates from the Uni ed Command Plan and is de ned as the President and the Secretary of Defense or their duly deputized alternates and successors It is used extensively in deployment orders execute orders directives instructions publications and many other DOD and interagency documents 2 In future please discontinue use of the term National Command Authorities Documents should instead refer speci cally to the President or the Secretary of Defense or both as appropriate In most cases the term National Command Authorities can simply by replaced by the Secretary of Defense In each of your subject matter areas however there will be cases requiring involvement by the President or by both the President and the Secretary of Defense Those cases will have to be identi ed and annotated appropriately In case of doubt consult with OCJCS LC 3 I appreciate your assistance in this matter both in preparing documents originating from your directorates and in reviewing documents prepared by the Combatant Commanders the Of ce of the Secretary of Defense and interagency departments For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1 Rankl Title 1 1 c 17 2221 7 13m 00 A snow ake December 17 2001 12 50 PM TO Torie 'Clafke Jim Haynes FROM Donald Rumsf eld SUBJECT GAO Report Please nd out who was charging that the program was fraudulent They ought to a be put down now that these allegations havt been investigated-and found not valid How do we do that Thanks Attach 12 13 01 Early 31 article Defense Daily Report Expected to Dismiss Allegations of Missile Defense Fraud - - 121701-1 Please respond by U15112 02 1 22 dfforts Ms Zhan of the For- e1gn sat New York December 14 2001 25 A Setback For Mimic Shield As Booster Rocket Fails'Test By James Dad - Dec 13 test a a to booster rocket for prrii ssim fense failed toda rocker veer 1 0 course see- onds a er li o andhad to be des ova the Paci c Ocean - the Pentagon said The three-stage rocket as- sembledfbal Bo mg limd off from Van cubes A i Eoree base north of Los Angeles at 1 15 p 111 1 Eastern Stan dard Time but malfunctioned when the grant wason' 'nalljr considered one of the chest risk parts of the system and it has just turned out to have one problem alter another 1 Bo'e' of c1als could not be reach for continent to- night The com Hwhich is looking to 1ts space and in i- tag divisions to comemate for falling revenues 1ts commerclal airline d1v151o 15 also the had contradict ont Well _missile defense pro- The Boeing-boomer is in- tended to be assembled largely Earls commencing aruaghble roc etcotnponen inc a motor by 'Jiliiant f' m and second and third stages FBI built ilgg'United Technologies ago cleared the Pentagon of any wrongdomg Though the FBI com- pleted 1ts report I-J1ll sources said' GAO was asked to_ con- duct 3 similar invest1gat10n at the requests of Sen Charles Grassley ii-lows The report is currently at the Department of Justice and or cinn- mem they said House lawmakers called for the 1n1t1a1 FBI when mis le defense e tic Ted 'Postol a professor at MIT made the allegations of crimi- nalconduct Investigation revealed that Postol s claims that data a been was un- docmnents sent on 10 e plan is for it to have from Thomas Kubic deputy greater acceleration thin the modi ed Minuteman launch usistant 'dhector of FBI's criminal investigations divi- just 30 seconds after ia uneh vjehicles the Pentagon has'been- and was ordered to self- swerved desnuet as it course o cials said The booster feminine lesaly into tlie Fac1 c about six- miles 'osn Vandenberg said Bryan G Whitman a roentgen spokesman He said the cause of die malfunction waant yet imown The booster is de- veloped so earry antim siie weapons known as kill veh' - clan that can home in _d 9533 1551 based on an incomplete setof demolish lemmings in 5110 December 14 20 - doculnems' and those docu- wsrheads 140 miles aha thefP-g-s - - ments were missing emeial 'a I I a a Although Bee success- 35- 33PM lettu fn' accord slbr tested o'ne'o proto- T0 Duh Alhzatlons Of This Ballistic types in late Aughst die inter-i Missll'e'Defens'e Fraud 'ZMissile Defense Organization ceptor program has Kerry Gilda seated the third in- been plagued by Problems and - The Gem Amm tercept in is ground 'based delays The Pentagon had wanted to begin using the new launch system in tests to shoot down target rthets over the Paci c starting early next year Eat it has postponed those plans 133 these embe- clnse - 'grarns b- As a Pentagon's Ballisu'e Missi Defense Or- swamp which oversees most nnssiie defense testin announced last'su'mmer that was seeking proposals'for a1-- mauveboostec systems s- '1t s one of the minor mys- Atari Of Elisa-'2 defense I 110 lm _the problem with this thing is said John Pike dine-- tor of GiobalSecurity 013 a defense policy Web site it -l-Iou se-eriti osmi h r missile defense tests cash 5 itto catch uptofast- npoving intercontinental ballis ne missiles heading toward the United States The fallui'e today 'eame even as virus approv- ing S3 bliiOh 'ease to for Presiden - missile '-de pm- I In O iee GAO is eagaeeted to release a new report an Johnny dismissing all us that the Pentagon fal ed the of its ground based missile de-' mp'hm onll I'd Earlier this year a' as ea led by of Dennis calledon all the FBI to investigate onsthatDoDhascov- upfailln'es-inthe i'based' midcoutse miss de- fense prop-am formerly called nattonnl missile defense NMD and thesistenils vul- nerabi 'vestisati on several months Kucinidi D-Ohio As to Mars claimsthat the system is inbapsble of dis- bewsen warheads decoys mere is dispute' anion scientists about the ' ability' of the to dis- criminals 'based on scienti c grounds the F31 said This ts chum dispute and Pos- tol's to raise it to the level of criminal contract had no basis infect Postol's conclusions were gnidcourse missile def nse Ebony-am Alt Fame Lt Gen aid Kadish director of BMDO told reporters before ten that a means would' fe'sisejests a year ago antacid - summer back at critics of wno nave been Wthe system IS _too expensive lites-'- pable of defend istic missdes an Willbl use- less When challenged by ell-- any decay and scum ' Defense'Daily mas But sures the FBI Which closed its in- 11mg qsay 111 th Waste 1 the national misSIle defense As our -mv the woman hal- 1 0 synem to do adequate dis criminationdo soon the ba51s - of very limited knowledge and Without the bene t of test1n results that we have generate to date and will genente in ears Illeall said as ouse Armed Services _Com- mittee in June In the iture we wil add even some tools to the discriminatim toolbox to include the in ated sensors or Space Based ln 'a- ted-1W satellites which be used to track the warhead MW md sen sors ove an mu t1 1 will get harder and 118132 to mm our mdtunng' NMD sys- also classi- ed- brie n on com- measures orW m bers of congen- Loft 'AngeIes Tim Decdli vu 14 2001 - 21 Al ones nm'nitt he even War - fem comm der the opressfopbilrd 0am Heaps By Megan K Stick and Net5 mankempsoen'i imesSuE Won am Zuni m 2 As fmioti sweptihe hillsides here 13 dozens of an - than audio - it seemed' l teiy that 'uniess' use to have time mere _ As another'eease-iire be- tween hundreds of Al' Qdeb holdouts and Afghan tribal fq'ees on Thursday Taliban- laden morning that some of the combat-hardenedfolloqu of Osama b1n Laden had used a felnt towardsubmissiori to im- prove thelr on the rocky battle eld While calls tooktne They ceased the an- excuse to_ nan avg tribal 'said At tie Pent Defense Seerem'Donsid E hamsfeld that many of the Al Eaeda ghters have wriggled 011 ofthe tap that was set t them by the ami Taiiban lead- page 2601'55 snowflake December 17 2001 1 00 PM TO VADM Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Gifts Please make sure you give me the coins hat pennant and that were provided to us during this trip Thanks DHR dh 121701-3 Please respond by the trip to Afghanistan various other things the other countries on U15113 02 9011 r_-p1l-f snowflake TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT McNamara Please nd out whether or not Vietnam was mega ed at 311 during Secretary McNamara s con rmation hearings to be Se'cr Thanks DHRMII 121101-5 of Defense Please respond by 2 2o d c e 72 f o wr s Aa 6 3 6974 sti e 0 0 du gfmotdf EM an - 755145 45 it957 v5 1579 December 17 2001 3 40 PM TO Paul Wolfowitz Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld 9F SUBJECT Presence in Central Asia We need to think through what presence we want in Central Asia when the 'war on terrorism is over Thanks 121701-16 Please respond by it '02 0st 0 Dada unp LJ 4c OJ - - snowflake -De mh r 19 _ 1 001 FROM Donald 3 3 SUBJECT Invitation to Ukraine i limited the Minister of Dc'fcnSe of Ukraine to visit the United States sometime 2- so we will be tigering om IThenks a a Dim - I 1219 014 - snowflake a December 19 2001 2 25 PM TO Jim Haynes CC Paul Wolfowitz Tom White A FROM Donald Rumsfeld Q SUBJECT National Guard Is there anything we ought to be doing with respect to this Tarnished Guardians article It seems to me it might offer us an opportunity Thanks Attach 12 17 0 1 USA Today article Moniz and Drinkard Misconduct Marks Guard Command DHerh 121901Vice President Richard B Cheney last week said he be- lieves most al Qaeda cells can disbanded without direct I LS military force There may be a few cases where military force is the the only option or where military force is required for one reason or another to wrap up these cells he told Fox News Channel USA Today December 17 2001 Pg 1 Tarnished Guardians - Part 1 6 Misconduct a uard om Ill and Lack of oversight by Penta- gon states let misbehavior ourish By Dave Moniz and Jim Drinkard USA Today A IN Americans have taken comfort since the Sept 11 terrorist at- ks as National Guard units arly every state have been out to protect airports plants and other critical parts of the nation s infra structure Yet at a time when the 460 000-membu' Guard is playing such a vital role an in- vestigation by USA TODAY revea a pattern of misconduct in the Guard s upper echelons that has continued for more than a decade Much of the misconduct has gone unpun- ished as governors state leg islatures and members of Con- gress look the other way and Pentagon investigators are powerless to root out the problems The abuses range from in- ating troop-strength reports and misusin taxpayer money to sexual arassment and stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars in life-insurance payments some intended for the widows and children of Guardsmen Together they raise questions about the qual- ity of some of the Guard s to lo and the olitical spoi der ich many are A TODAY identi ed nine states in which the high- est-ranking of cer called an adjutant general has engaged in misconduct during the past decade However the full ex- assment guidelines and created tent of the abuses may never promotion-review panels be made public because the The problems in the Pentagon has refused to_allow Guard s leadership extend to open access to its investlgative the top This year the Penta- reports The identi ed states are New York Illinois Ken- tucky California Mississippi Oklahoma Colorado Wyo- ming and Massachusetts After interviews with more than 100 present and former Guard members and a review of 10 years of Pentagon documents many never before disclosed the newspaper has found that Guard of cials in many states have repeatedly in ated Anny Guard troop strength re- ports to hide a shortage of so - diers Within individual Na- tional Guard units as many as 10% to 20% ofthe troops are ghost soldiers who exist only on paper government investi- gators and Guard of cers say The practice raises questions about the Guard s ability to eld fully ready units in this time of cr1sis Some Guard units in ate tr00p levels so that the federal government won t transfer those units and the money that goes with them to states that can recruit Pentagon records show that durin the ast ve years National uar generals have committed serious offenses at roughly double the rate of regular Air Force and Army generals During that time 16 Air National Guard generals committed such offenses com- pared with 14 in the Air Force The Air Force has about twice as many generals In the Army Guard 55 generals committed serious offenses compared with 65 in the Army The Army Guard has 193 generals the Army 365 In the nine states where interviews and investigations show adjutants general have committed misconduct little has been done to improve the selection process or oversight One of the nine states Ken- tucky has created a selection advisory panel to help the gov- ernor p1ck the state com- mander Another Illinois passed a law allowing the gov- ernor to pick someone trom outside the Guard an active- duty or reserve of cer for the top job issued sexual har- gon investigated the Guard s top of cer Lt Gen Russell Davis head of the National Guard Bureau the Guard s administrative headquarters The investi ation found that Davis faile to discipline a senior aide who had sexually harassed a colleague and mis- led federal investlgators about his role in the incident The report said his testi- mony was not credible and failed to meet the standard for honesty The nding against the head of the National Guard Bureau resulted in a stem letter of rebuke by the secretary of the Air Force Andrew Bacevich a re- elected Adjutants general of- ten don t meet military or edu- cational quali cations required of active duty generals Gover- nors can pick lieutenant colo- nels for adjutant general skip- ping three ranks and the in- tense training that goes with them The Guard traces its roots to colonial times when each state defended itself with a homegrown militia Today most Guard members are part- timers who hold full-time ci- vilian jobs and perform mili- tary drills one weekend a month Many of the Guard s leaders including the adjutants general are full-time soldiers working for their states Regular military of cers say they have great respect for the competence and sacri ces made by most of those who tired Army colonel and mili serve part t1me in the Guard tary analyst at Boston Univer- The National Guard s contri- srty says the lltany of offenses butions in war and peace are committed by to Guard com- manders is deep troubling It should be a cause for an well known and include ght- in in World War 11 Korea Desert Storm as well as deep and profound concern if helping citizens during hurri- Guard commanders aren t held to the same standards of con- duct as regular military of - cers Bacev1ch says Independentannies The National Guard e pends $13 billion a year in ederal defense money but the Pentagon has virtually no con- trol over these state-run mili- taries The two-star generals who command the National Guard in the 50 states report to the governors not the Defense Department Consequently the Pentagon has no power to re- move incompetent or compt adjutants general They are state not federal employees Because the Constitution gives control of the National Guard to the states the Guard also is not subject to the Uni- form Code of Military Justice the standard of conduct for regular military personnel In- stead the states typically have their own laws similar to the federal military code but the Pentagon has no role in en- forcing them unless Guard troops are placed on active dut for missions overseas suc as in Bosnia and Kuwait All but two adjutants gen- era are appointees of state governors In Vermont and South Carolina they are canes oods and wild res However Guardsmen in- terviewed by USA TODAY say they are often demoralized by the behavior of some top leaders who tarnish the organi- zation O ccrs familiar with misuse of of ce and miscon- duct cases involving adjutants general sa reforms are long overdue of those is Ron Tri gs a Wyoming attorney an retired Army Reserve lieutenant colonel who has handled numerous legal cases involving the Guard and Re- serves lystem is dysfunctional he system is dysfunc- tional and has been for a long time Triggs says Guard senior of cers rise through a system that unlike the active military allows some with little formal educa- tion to get top jobs Dozens of senior Guard of cers lieu- tenant colonels colonels and generals -- have been pro moted with no college degrees or with degrees that required little academic work In one case described in an Army in- vestigation a Guard general obtained a correspondence de gree by completing few re- quirements He got 19 of 134 45 BAH gag- 4- - mama-raw irt-3 wa 2' - JG k college credits for his military evidence which is a and 11fe experience lower standard than in criminal his misconduct Lt Gen Davis who was cases mted head of the Nat1onal The newspaper s review of his term Guard of cials in rd -Bureau by Pres1dent coupled With more than 200 Colorado said they did not i ointon says that the Guard interviews with Guard mem know how to locate Wester 1 does not have a leadership bers military of cers and law dahl problem and that oversight enforcement officials shows works well Could it be bet- that ter Yes Davis says Wyoming Adjutant Gen dahl had been investigated Guard captain who reported block the promotion of a Westerdahl Guard lawyer who complained left of ce last year at the end about 250 improper ights France had taken Some of the were joy rides in Guard ghter jets own to impress a private men s club to which A spokesman for Gov France belonged France de- B111 Owens said that Wester- clined comment Oklahoma Adjutant Gen Davis did not respond to oral Ed Boenisch remams in during the tenure of Gov Roy oral Tommy Alsip was sen- several USA TODAY requests charge of the Wyoming Guard Romer and that under state law Owens could not replace after pleading guilty to embez- gatlons 1n the past three years Westerdahl until his term ex- zlement in 1993 Following a for interviews about his own despite two Pentagon investi- misconduct investigation However Brig General According to documents in pircd Ron Rand head of Air Force those cases investigators Illinois Adjutant General mined that tenced to ve years in prison state investigation Alsip ad- 11e he was head public affairs described the found that Boenisch stopped Richard Austin was the subject of a life insurance fund for letter of re rimand written to Guard members from exposing of a 1998 Pentagon investiga- Dav1s by Air Force secre- wrongdoing improperly dis tion that concluded that during tary as the_ kind that could be charged of cers retaliated summer training two years career endmg for a general on against whistleblowers and a - earlier Austin got drunk in active duty At a m1nimum proved a plan in which one 0 front of his sold1ers and dis- Rand says it means that cor- his lieutenant colonels falsi ed played conduct unbecoming an rectivc behavior is required documents to receive a pro- of cer and a gentleman The Maj Gen Russ Groves motion he had been denied report also found that Austin who commanded the Kentuc Boenisch declined to be in a drunken and reckless Guard until he retired last Interviewed for this article but manner drove a vehicle car- summer says many governors an e-mail response from his rying soldiers during that same are beginning to look for bet- public affairs staff said he did- training exercise Pentagon of- ter-quali ed Guard command n t violate military rules or cials say that active duty of - ers There is anew eneration regulations Rachel Girt a cars are routinely relieved of that comes from a ackground spokeswoman for Gov Jim command for such offenses is less olitical and more Gerin er said the governor s but Austin retained command 't based says Groves a of ce elieves the investiga He left of ce in 1999 and was ersity of Kentucky profes- tions exonerated Boenisch appointed deputy director of The Penta on determined aeronautics for the state of Illi- Even so the political ap- in 1998 that alifornia Adju- nois's Department of Trans- pointme'nt system that puts tant General Tandy Bozeman portation Guard commanders in power engaged in an inappropriate A spokesman for Illinois remains largely unchanged relationship with a female of- Gov George Ryan said Austin and Defense Department in- oor in the California Guard served out his term under vestigations show that Guard The military prohibits relation- Ryan s predecessor Gov Jim officers who committed of- ships between commanders Edgar fenses faced few conse- and their troops because it can Pentagon investigation quences create the impression of favor- found that Massachusetts Ad- A string of offenses itism Bozeman could not be jutant General Raymond Vez- A attern of misconduct reached for comment ina had used government over past decade is re- Bozeman continued the equipment for personal use vealed in court documents relationship despite being initiated improper investiga- criminal cases and Pentagon warned by numerous of cers tions of subordinates and re- investigations obtained by that it was damagin morale in taliated against soldiers who USA TODAY through the the California Guar Pentagon re orted misconduct Gov Freedom of Information Act investigators reported Pau Cellucci red Vezina in The Pentagon provided He retired as head of the 1999 reports only for those miscon- California Guard in a routine Kentucky Adjutant Gen- duct cases the newspaper was change of command in 1999 eral Robert DeZam was sen- able to discover 'on its own when Democrat Gray Davis tenced to 15 months in federal Citin privacy laws the Pcnta- replaced Republican Pete Wil prison in 1997 for perjury after on enied access to all other son as governor he lied to Pentagon investiga- mvestigation reports 1999 Pentagon report tors about his role in asking The investigations were found that Colorado Adjutant Guard of cers to make $500 conducted by inspectors gen General William Westerdahl campaign contributions to if rfrom the Army Air Force regularly used National Guard Gov Brereton Jones DeZam epartment of Defense In aircraft for personal vacations lost an appeal and served his cases those accused of had im ro er relationships sentence onduct typically do not with su or inates failed to Colorado Adjutant Gen- nave lawyers and are not given pr0perly report an acoldent m- era John France ret1red at the the evidence presented against volving an aircraft he plloted end of h1s term 1n 1995 the them The IG makes a ruling and improper retaliated same year a Pentagon report based on a preponderance of against a C0 orado Army foundt at he had threatened to Oklahoma guardsmen in the late 19808 he stole $388 000 by ling false claims Among the funds he pock- eted were payments intended for Guard widows and chil- dren Questions about Guard operations in at least two states are ongoing Maj Gen Danny James the adjutant general of Texas was nominated this fall by President Bush to become head of the Air National Guard in the United States However James Senate con rmation is being held up while the Air Force determines whether mis- conduct allegations against James merit a full-blown in- vesti ation he Air Force won t dis- close the nature of the allega- tions The California National Guard also is under scrutiny The state Legislature requested an audit last summer after Guard of cers there accused state commander Maj Gen Paul Monroe of using $1 mil- lion intended for armory maintenance and a Guard-run youth academy to hire friends for lucrative Guard jobs The audit is due to be completed early next year Monroe sa the allega- tions are groun less and part of a campai to discredit him by senior 1cers within the Call- fornia Guard Nobody s watching Veteran Guard command- ers say two factors contribute to misconduct by adjutants general lack of federal over- sight creates a climate in which commanders believe they can violate regulations without fear of punishment page 13 of47 $3 9 1r 4 4 Because almost all of the money for Guard units comes the federal government vemors and state legislatures end to largely ignore their op- eration Buddy Stroud who led the Guard in Louisiana for 18 years says the Guard exists in a gap between federal and state oversight and governors often leave concerns in the hands of their adjutants general Dean LeVay a federal immigration judge in Arizona who retired from the Army Guard as a colonel three years a 0 says he found it impossi- to get the governor or the Legislature interested in inves- tigatingmisconduct Everyone at the state level thinks the federal level has a handle on the problems LeVaysays No enforcement power The Pentagon can and does investigate adjutants gen- eral O icials say however that the have no power to en- force their ndings All the agon can do is forward its ings to the National Guard aw which can recommend tction to governors who have the power to discipline or re- move adjutants general Unlike command positions in the regular military top Guard jobs o en are viewed as political rewards to be handed to a govemor s ally Charles Rogers an Okla- homa district attorney who helped prosecute former adju- tant general Alsip for embez- zlement says he was ap- palled shocked and sickened that someone like Alsip could ever be chosen to command the military Rogers says that Alsip who was appointed adjutant general after donating $15 000 to Gov David Walters would never have risen to such an important position in the regular Army The adjutant general in Oklahoma makes more money than the governor Rogers says Ii is a great big political He emphasizes that it uld be a mistake to assume no Guard is corrupt from top to bottom But to the extent that at the top the National Guard is a bunch of political hacks and cronies it imperils the ability commanders Mr Karzai and of our natlon to respond General Fahirn in a bomb- Rogers says New York Times 1 December 7 Rumsfeld Pays Call On Troops And Af- ghans By Thorn Shanker BAGRAM Afghanistan Dec 16 Walking beside a mine eld on his way to meet Afghanistan s provisional lead- ers Defense Secretary Donald H Rumsfeld offered America s long-term support to the new government today but made clear that the Pentagon s war aims had not been fully met and must not be compromised in securing the post-Taliban peace Mr Rumsfeld whose Pentagon became a front line in the Sept 11 attacks arrived at an air base with hangars bearing bullet scars and littered with the carcasses of war- planes He is the rst senior Bush administration of cial to visit Afghanistan since the start of the American military reSponse No air of triumphalism marked his visit which was not announced until just hours before his C-l7 military trans- port plane touched down He chose none of the Victor s ora- tory in rallying American troops here and in his private discussions with leaders who are to take power on Dec 22 Instead Mr Rumsfeld told Hamid Karzai the provi- sional head of government and Gen Muhammad Fahim the incoming defense minister that much work remained in hunting down the Taliban and members of Osama bin Iadedrgs organization Al To the troops he said the war was not over The Tali- lban is not running the country at the moment Mr Rumsfeld said There still are Al Qaeda and Taliban people in the country in the mountains hiding in the cities in the aves and across the borders I'here are a lot of fanatical people And we need- to nish he job Mr Rumsfeld held meet- with the two anti-Taliban damaged room with Afghan ts laid wall to wall and amou age netting serving as draperies Tents pitched inside the frosty United States operations center sheltered computers and communications equlpment as Mr Rumsfeld wearing a Windbreaker from the Arm Special Operations Comman greeted Mr Karzai who ar- rived wearing a lambskin hat and a traditional robe of blue and green plaid Referring to the members of Al Qaeda most of them ghters from foreign lands 0 turned this country into a base of operations under the Taliban Mr Karzai said They considered themselves the rulers of Afghanistan Opposition forces were incapacitated by their civil wars he said and the military assistance from the United States was the opportunity we wanted You helped Afghanistan liberate itself for a second time he added referring to American military aid that helped rout the Soviet Army The Bush administration s mental map of the world had no doubt labeled Afghanistan Terra Terroris but after set- ting foot here today Mr Rumsfeld said it was still too soon to declare Afghanistan liberated 'om terror terrorism and terrorists He said his meetings with the two interim leaders was to make sure we re all on the same wavelength as to what s le to be done The new government Mr Rumsfeld said is going to have to be something that ts Afghanistan and is not uncom- fortable for the neighbors and that is able over t1me to de- velop enough cohesion so that it can keep these factions from ghting with each other and keep terrorists out and manage crime and the good Lord willing deal with the heroin and the drug problems The defense secretary an- nounced that Washington was likely to support an interna- tional peacekeeping force be- ing considered to help restore order in Kabul the capital by contributing logistical support intelligence and transportation and that the United States might agree to having Ameri- can forces stand by with a quick reaction capability as backup should the peacekeeping force run into trouble The force is expected to have 3 000 to 5 000 mem- bers and could eventually be into cities other than Ka- Mr Rumsfeld ew to the base in a cavernous C-1 7 military cargo plane the rst to make a daylight landing here since the air base 20 miles north of Kabul fell to allied forces But continuing security concerns were underscored as the door swun open and Mr Rumsfeld s elegation was warned that the plane was parked on a strip of tarmac sandwiched between mine- elds An Afghan honor guard greeted the secretary an a lo- cal securit force of hters from the orthern Al iance lined the runway It was at times hard to tell the allies apart Afghan from American One scruffy soldier wearing the uniform favored by the Northern Alliance a pakol the woolen hat with round at crown as well as a patterned sweater with a scarf and vest -was assigned to the pool of drivers for Mr Rumsfeld s visit Welcome to Afghanistan sir he said crisply with the best of United States Army discipline before explaining that many of the American troops whose missions brin them into contact with A - ghans wear local garb to pres- ent a lower pro le The air base at Bagrarn built in the 1950's with assis- tance item the Soviet Union is the onl active air eld for heavy eight traf c in Af- stan Mr Rumsfeld also visited a base in the region that is home to the Special Operations forces that have been so prevalent in this military cam- paign The base s location could not be disclosed under ground rules set by the Penta- gon One pilot an Air Force captain who gave his name only as Jason described page 14 nf47 Hd m imum- - - IVU 004 r' 4 0 6 December 19 2001' 2 45 PM 9 T0 - 'LairyDi'Rjta 5Dbnald'Rumsfeld 3 SUBJECIQ Slave'i a kc a b SI fh Slovenian Moij wants 0 Washirigton DC anks Iii-Rah 1219014 to at U-15120 02' - NO 862 P 3 December 19 2001 2 50 PM - 6 Doug F-eith - FROM 5 - SUBJECT Cable frc'Jm Soi 'eo e' ught tb check fith A ba s dbi' Burns if he plans't'o' do a rgpd i g kgable oh my re arks at whim-oh th'e gubjc'ct of NATO i_n 20 Thanks 121901110 u15121 02 0 1 6 10 30 snowflake December 27 2001 8 53 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Categories I would like to have a couple of cards laminated that show 1 The number of people in corps divisions platoons etc 2 MEWS 3 Planes in air wings 4 In short the different categories for the different Services Please show it to me in draft before you put it all together and I will tell you if you have everything I need Thanks 122701-11 Please respond by 02 Tad 2 Eadie Va snowflake December 27 2001 11 48 AM TO Secretary Tom White FROM Donald Rumsfeld 9A SUBJECT Fort Sam Houston I just saw this clipping Please make sure you visit with me about that before anything happens please Thanks Attach 12 23 0 1 San Antonio Express-News Sig Christenson Fort Sam May Land a New Command 122701-31 Please respond washington Times December 24 200 1 Pg B1 22 Scientists Cite Lax Secu- rity At Detrick By David Dishneau Associ- ated Press FREDERICK Md Accounting for deadly mi crobes in the Army s germ- warfare defense laboratory at Fort Detrick was lax during much of the 19905 said some former scientists at the post Supervisors often did not check whether researchers were keeping track of lab ma- terials as required When they did some researchers gave them photocopies of old re- ports said Richard Crosland who was laid off in 1997 from the US Army Medical Re- search Institute of Infectious Diseases at Fort Detrick Others said that while it would have been nearly ini- possible for an unauthorized person to enter a restricted area nothing would have pre- vented approved workers 'om removing deadly germs from the labs As far as carrying any- thin out microorganisms are sma said Luann Battersby a biologist who left the research institute voluntarily in 1998 af- ter ei ht years The problem woul be getting in not getting ou Fort Detrick spokesman Charles Dasey said inventory control had been re- em hasized since the recent ant rax mailings which fo- cused attention on the institute as a potential source of the bacteria Mr Dasey also said Fo Delrick's security staff can- ducts random exit searches has video cameras train on important laboratory areas Miss Battersby said those measures did not exist when she worked there The Army said it had ac counted for all the Ames an- thrax the strain found in let- ters mailed to Senate Ma'ori Leader Tom Daschle out Dakota Democrat and Sen Patrick J Leahy Vermont Democrat that the research Ainstitute produced Yet the scientists none of whom worked w1th anthrax said it would have been easy to walk out with a few cells in a petri dish or smeared on their clothing that then could be grown and processed No matter what you do there is not any way you can prevent a determined skillful microbiologist from stealing traces of a microbial culture that he is working with be- cause it takes so few microbes to start a culture said Mark Wheelis a microbiologist at the University of California in Davis who serves on a biolo i- cal-weapons committee of Federation of American Scien- tists Mr Wheelis said labs that work with toxic microbes his- torically have limited access to those with security clearance but have paid scant attention to what goes out the door Bioterrorism wasn t a ma jor issue until a few years ago Mr Wheelis said Nobody was thinking that one of these respected trusted scientists might actually steal one of the cultures with malevolent in- tent Mr Crosland 55 who was suing the Army for age discrimination stemming from his 1997 layoff said the Army s disinterest in trackin the botulinum toxin wit which he worked was typical of what he observed during more than a decade at the re- search institute There was never an audit in the 11 years I was there as to what was in my laboratory and what was supposed to be there Mr land said San Antonio Express-News December23 200 23 Fort Sam May Land A New Command By Sig Christenson Express News Military Writer San Antonio is one of two communities at the top of a Pentagon list of sites to relo- cate US Army South which is head uartered in Puerto Rico and suffered from the political and environmental controversies there according to a memo 'om Maj Gen Al- fred A Valenzuela the head of the command Valenzuela a San Antonio native said in the memo dated Aug 22 that studies have rec ommended either Fort Sam Houston or Fort Benning Ga as the new home for Army South which could brin as many as 600 to 1 000 civ11ian jobs Valenzuela s spokesman Lt Col Tom Budzyna said the word on the street was that Fort Sam Houston was the choice but stressed the nal decision is goin to be made by the chief 0 staff of the Army and the secretary of the Army with the consent of Congress In San Antonio Mayor Ed Garza said the Alamo C1ty ap- peared to have a stron shot at the headquarters ich is likely to move to the continen- tal United States due to ongo- ing problems in Puerto Rico think there s an overall good feeling about San Anto- nio Garza said When we were up in Washington several weeks ago this was kind of a buzz at the congressional meetings and the other meet- ings that we went to But we all know the po- - litical process that exists as well and I think we are allow- ing the facts to speak for them- selves he added We re al- lowing the city and the existing military infrastructure that we have in place be our selling points to attract this to San An- tonio In addition to bringing hundreds of jobs to San Anto- nio the move could settle the nagging issue of what to do wi the ression-era Brooke Army Me 1cal Center which is being eyed as the South s headquarters erhaps more important I in Washington and here agree the relocation of Army South from Puerto Rico to San Antonio might help for tify the post against possible shutdown during a new base closure round set for 2005 Army South oversees op- erations 1n Central and South America and has 1 250 mili- tary and civilian workers It pumps $160 million a year into the economy of Puerto Rico but myriad problems there are prom ting the Pentagon to stro consider a move The number of jobs and the nancial impact of the or- ganization on San Antonio or some other city it might move to isn t clear because an changes made to Army South could reduce or increase its size Some civilians would transfer to the new headquar- ters thou that number Isn t known ei r There s little doubt how- ever that a move is in the cards The controversy over the Navy bombing range at Vieques and festering prob- lems there have convmced Valenzuela that the Pentagon must relocate the organization to the United States Although a decision to move Army South to Fort Sam Houston is seen by man as a tonic for what has ailed di- lapidated BAMC abandoned in 1996 it isn t a done deal Army South has been at Fort Buchanan Puerto Rico since leaving Panama in 1999 Pentagon leaders backed away from a decision on a new site as Christmas neared a number of Defense Depart- ment and congressional aides said last week The Army s chiefs ordered a look at a variety of sites after Senate Minority Leader Trent Lott R-Miss sought to have the headquarters relocated to Keesler AFB in Biloxi they said Lott s pla for the head- quarters spar ed interest in South from cg her law- ers rom tin Penta- gon to bagkpedal A Lott spokesman de- clined comment while one of- cer close to Army Secretary Thomas E White said there was no rush to make the deci- sion There is much discussion about the issue and the Army wants to use this to ensure that a good solution is reached that satis es concerns issues and needs of the Army said Col Jim Allen who added that he doesn t know when the choice will be made I d just rather be deliberataef a id right than an a Studies liktg the ones that identi ed Fort Sam Houston and Fort Benning as the top 10- page 27 of80 i 0 snow ake 4 9 4 6 December 27 2001 3 26 PM - TO VADM Giambastiani Larry Di Rita FROM Donald RumsfeldCN SUBJECT RADM Calland we can see him Thanks 122 70 1 -4 5 Please respond by U15138 02 1 U D Navy blograpmes rage 1 or 4 The United States Navv linited States Navy Eiograp Rear Admiral Albert M Calland 111 United States Navy Commander Special Operations Command Central Rear Admiral Albert M Calland US Navy entered the US Naval Academy in June 1970 Upon graduation in June 1974 Admiral Calland was temporarily assigned to the Academy until January 1975 when he entered Basic Underwater Demolition SEAL training Class 82 Following graduation in June 1975 he was assigned to Underwater Demolition Team ELEVEN where he served as assistant SEAL Delivery Vehicle SDV platoon commander Rear Adm Calland reported to SEAL Team ONE in 1977 where he made two deployments to the western Paci c as both a SEAL Delivery SDV and SEAL platoon commander In June 1981 Rear Adm Calland was ordered back to for instructor duty where he served as diving phase of cer and later senior instructor training In June 1983 he was transferred to Naval Special Warfare Group ONE as Research Development and Acquisition Tactical Development and Evaluation of cer and served in that capacity until being assigned to Commander Naval Surface Forces Paci c staff in 1984 While assigned to COMNAVSURFPAC he served as the Naval Special Warfare Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mine Warfare of cer In May 1986 Rear Adm Calland became the Executive Of cer of Special Boat Unit TWELVE From August through December 1987 he was deployed to the Arabian Gulf in support of Operation Earnest Will as Commander Naval Special Warfare Task Unit Paci c aboard a mobile sea base During that operation units under his command participated in the capture of the Iran Ajar minelayer He completed his Executive Of cer tour in April 1988 and was assigned to Commander Naval Special Warfare Command as Assistant Chief of Staff for Programs Research Development and Acquisition In May 1990 he began his rst joint assigmnent at the US Special Operations Command in Tampa Fla where he served as program analyst and Mobility Branch Chief for the Programs Division of the Directorate of Resources SOJ8 Admiral Calland returned to SEAL Team ONE in November 1993 as Commanding Of cer and served in that position until January 1995 After completing Senior War College at the Industrial College of Armed Forces ICAF he was assigned duty as Deputy Director for Operations at the Joint Special Operations Command Ft Bragg NO From June 1997 until June 12 27 2001 I U-LJ 1 0 59 4 U1 1 1999 Admiral Calland commanded the Naval Special Warfare Development Group a CNO Priority ONE Major Command He served as Executive Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs Rear Adm Calland has a Master of Science degree in National Resource Strategy from the Industrial College of the Armed Forces in Washington DC His personal decoration include the Defense Superior Service Medal the Defense Meritorious Service Medal two awards the Meritorious Service Medal ve awards the Navy Commendation Medal and various other campaign and service awards @Eetum to the Biographies top page 12 27 2001 1 1 snow ake p5 6010 9 December 29 2001 1 49 PM I 207 TO VADM Giambastiani WA FROM Donald Rumsfeld Qua SUBJECT Info from Denny 3 315 Please ask Denny to get some information on the Iraqi Kurds in the north and the Shias in the south I would like to know how many there are how ell they are armed what they do what their history is etc Thanks EC 122901-14 '3 1 5an 0 4 7 U15143 02 a snow ake December29 2001 Ab TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeldw SUBJECT Library Please follow up on this transformational library idea from Newt Gingrich I don t know who the right person isto get after it Thanks Attach 12 26 01 Newt Gingrich e-mail to SecDef re Transformational Libraries D k lh 122901-20 U15144 02 1 - 1 wxo' 01a 1155 bf Q Fgom Ncui i' G mrcj Pagclofl 6 crv can A From Trimaran Q Sent Wednesday December 28 2001339 AM TO GUNS Wm' Subject transformationai libraries pine give to the swamp ed and lanymanks newt hope you had a merry chrsitmas and have a happy new year I heard the other day the Pentagon library was closed by the airplane attack and will probably be reopened in uyatal city I think there is a transformational alternative that would work far better H 300 should transform the library into an on-line facility whose non-classi ed materials could be accessed by anyone in the world you should get the Marshall Center to develop an on line civilian and military leadership library for countries making the transition to democracy you should develop a special section for third worlds militaries it is conceivable that each of our service schools gdevelop a core on-line library for their branch that could be accessed by their counterparts anywhere in the there ought to be a procurement section with hot links to major Mouton suppliers on the assumption that helping American sales abroad both lowers production costs at home by sharing the overhead costs and increases our in uence with other militaries You could establish an intematicnal library advisory board which allowed the other countries to let us know what need on line If every active reserve and guard member could access military learning on line it would accelerate the process of learning and transfonnation if the Pentagon staffs had cocoa to real time informaiton and the latest publications on line it would accelerate the research you need done - If DOD became the leading site on the lanet for miliatry learning you would have enhanced our in uence with virtually every foreign military and the leadership which tries to manage them Jim Ellington at the Library of Congress has already led the way in putting over 5 million donut-Items on line where they are available for free worldwide 1 suspect he has staff who could help think this through This would be a transformational approach to a new library and would contrast sharply with the symbollism of moving the Pentagon library to City where it will aimost never be accessed by Pentagon personeII Newt IWIZODI a a snowflake TO CC FROM Steve Cambonc' Gen Pace Paul Wolfowitz Doug Feith Gen Myers Donald Rumsfem SUBJECT War Gaming for Iraq Attached is a note from Newt jingrich which is very interesting I would like to December 29 2001 2 32 PM A 4 see some data on the point he makes here on war gaming for Iraq Please gure out a format and then have someone Pull together We also might want to think about a transformational war game in February Thanks Attach 12 25 01 Newt Gingrich c-mai to Scene re War Gm for Iraq 12290141 9 55605 3 6765 55190 55 9 WW 27 Ln $05865 02 rage 1 or 1 at-n Nee-d 6 W6 crv oso FFOITI mmwom Ii 0 Sent Tuesday Decemberl om 4 01 PM 6 To - Manual Subject please distribute to mambo and lawman War Gaming for Iraq Have we done any war gaming for an Iraq scenario The exchange rate in 1991 was 3 00 to 5 in tank exchange the five American tanltos were lost to land mines seven tanks were hit by #728 but none hurt armored personal carriers 3000 3 one of the three was killed by an American helicopter artillery 2100- two-thirds of the Iraqi artillery in the theater was destroyed almost all by aircraft there were 100 000 Iraqi deserters and 85 000 Iraqi prisoners To the best of my knowledge no war game prior to Desert Storm showed this outcome No war game prior to Afghanistan showed the dunplim we are living through Our policy fonnulatton continues to be dominated by an analytical framework that is World War I through Desert Shield in nature heavy forces attrition warfare gradual American victory but with signi cant losses The fact is we have been going through a transformation In military capability which rst became evident in the 1932 Syrian-Israeli campaign in which the exchange rate was 102-I This was the rst proof that a information capability would annihilate a world war two force The second great proof of this transformation was the performance in Desert Storm I know of of cial studies which concluded that we had taken too many men and too much ammunition Yet it is clear that the planning for Desert Shield was a World War l World War 2 style heavy military with no notion of the catastrophic capabilities that are now beginning to emerge The current campaign in Afghanistan is simply act three of this transformation Kosovo would have been - but the NATO political complexity blocked the introduction of the special forces who would have annihilated the Serbians by pinpointing aipowor in real time My guess is that none of the current analysis of the Iraq opportunity take into account the historic FACTS of these three campaigns We should insist on such transfonnaitonal war games in February at the latest New 1211273001 11-L-055QIOSD1749 TO Admiral David Jeremiah c David Chu Charlie Craigin FROM Donald Rumsfeld ik 6 DATE March 26 2001 SUBJECT Military Housing My son in law is an architect He went to school at MIT He heard about our interest in military housing and said that MIT 1s doing some fabulous things with respect to low cost housing We might want to take a look at that A DHR azn 032560101 5 3 6 A C u06203' 01 snowflake TO Steve Cambone FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 12 2001 SUBJECT DIA Why don t you talk to Rich Haver and let s think about setting up a team to take a look at DIA to pick some areas we are interested in and have them go in and actually do what we did on the Ballistic Missile Threat Commission but do it just for DIA By implication it would be done for CIA as well I suppose There would be several advantages 1 We would probably learn something - 2 It would certainly get the intelligence community s attention particularly DIA We could get four or ve people to do it like maybe Woolsey Schlesinger Chris Williams Garwin Lee Butler Blechmann There is any number of people who could be helpful Get kind of a bipartisan group together to do it We might do ourselves some good What do you think Thanks 051201 17 U12609 0 We 02 snowflake July 2 2001 9 32 AM a T0 Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfelc' SUBJECT Article Regarding Phony Savings Look at this article in the Defense Daily that says You ve got phony savings in there Curt Weldon is a good guy someone ought to go up and talk to him 0702014 5 W7 I a 26 asking him to explain how he will pay for the defense budget amendment in light of dwindling budget surpluses Marc Seit'nger Defense Daily June 27 2001 Oi 2T Weldon Says Rush Budget Contains Phony Savings Estimates By Kerry Gildea The Bush administrator has included 31 billion in sav- ings assumptions in its FY 02 budget plan based on phony numbers according to Rep Curt Weldon chairman of the House Armed Services Committee panel on readiness We have a responsibility to expose those phony num- bers Weldon esterday told the vice chiefs 0 staff from the military services testifying be- fore the panel They were phony when Bill Clinton of- fered them and they are phony when George Bush offers them And I say that as a Re ublican The vice chiefs declined to comment on the budget sub- mission or the savings esti- mates outlined We can t touch am not pla ing amesmwe don t have at urination Anny-Gen John Keane Army vice chief of staff told Weldon Weldon said the savin are misleading partied one that banks on Davis-Bacon reforms through the Congress which Weldon said'simply will not happen Any poor assumption in the defense bud et could fur- ther set back military s readiness according to Weldon who said he also is concerned about what the ser vices do with the funds Con- gress authorizes and appropri- ates The General Accounting Of ce reported last year that over a ve-year period 98 DOD changed funding in various operations and mainte- nance accounts by almost $43 'illion compared with the nounts the Con ress origi- nally designate for them Weldonnotcd understand that opera tional needs of the military re uire the movement of funds uring the year of execution but movements of this magni- tude outside of the normal leg- islatiVe process and without a timely notification to Con ress are unacceptable We don said The services vice chiefs told the panel they are pre- pared to send another repro- gramming request to Ca itol llill that will included a 10 million re rogramming for the Anny $l 0 million for Navy $400 million for Air Force and $27 million for the Marine corps The vice chiefs did not provide specifics on any pro- curement programs that would be effected by the reprogram- ming The vice chiefs also ex- pressed concerns if the Con- gress does not nish work by the end of July with the $6 5 billion supplemental package under consideration While individual soldiers will not feel the effect of that funding shortfall immediately later in the summer there will be increased problems Keane said In documents provided to Senate Minority Leader Trent Lott the Pentagon said if it does not er the money by the end 0 July it will have to shift millions out of procurement accounts to -avord personnel and readiness pgoblems Defense Daily June J Washington Post June 27 2001 Pg 23 28 Senators HaveA Crun- bone To Pick By AlKarnen Won t be around for the July 4 fireworks You might be able to catch a preview to- day at the Senate Armed Ser- v1ces Committee Word is Chairman Carl M Levin D- Mieh Sc Co are preparing some to cuff about nominee Stephen A Cambone who s up for a job as princi al deputy undersecretary of efense for policy If Defense Secretary Don- were Russian emigres could ald H Rumsfeld s relations be sentenced to life in rison with the Senate are less than Sentencing is schedu ed for warm and fuzzy Cambonc's Sept 27 are even cooler sources say As the verdict was read in with both sides of the aisle a Tampa courtroom Mr Something about the au usl Tro moff a balding lawmakers and staff fee ing overweight man with a mill- Cambone does not treat them my bearing silently glanced at with the respect they require mlr' mg Wife and Cambone briefed Hill shrugge aproseeutor said aides May 31 on the Penta- His lawyer Daniel Her gun s plans and its defense nandez said hewould ap eal strategy review But after 90 Law enforcement icials minutes of charts and lecture said it would be dif cult to as- Cambone only had time for a sess fully the damage Mr few questions before he had to Trofrmoff did to American and go Some aides were said to be allied intelligence He is be- displeased lieved to have fumished Mos Then Cambone raised sen- cow with the testimony of East sitive Senate eyebrows when bloc defectors interviewed at he briefed foreign of cials on the center which is adrninis- the ballistic missile defense tered jointly by German Brit plan during Rumsfeld s recent ish French and American of - trip to Europe The Senate cials doesn t like nominees to pre- In addition he is 51 15- sume con rmation by doing pected of passing along classi- such as occup ing their ed materials that included anticipated of ces or rie ng Soviet and Warsaw Pact Order allies of Battle documents which On the other hand the would have divul ed American Senate and Ca uidelines are flexible howledge 0 one also a special structure and capabilities of the the military assistant to Rumsfeld could Soviet Union and its allies the brief if he were wearing that of cials said assistant s hat Cambone will get harrum hed at say but ould make throu h nc One indication of Mr sources Tro mo 'e value to Soviet of- it eiale arose in the monthlong tnul when Oleg Kalugin a the other hand two former K G B eneral testi- other nominees assistant sec- tied that Mr ofnno ' had retary-designate for internn- been listed in the 1970 s at the tronal security matters Jack D top of the list of Crouch II and undersecretary- American assets Mr Tro - designate for policy Dou rlas J Faith still face tough batt es New York Times June 27 2001 29 Retired Army Employee Is Found Guilty Of Spying By Christopher Marquis WASHINGTON June 26 A federal court jury in Flor- ida today convicted a retired civilian emplo ee ofthe Army of spying fort Soviet Union and then Russia over at least 25 years Army employee George Tro mo ' 74 was found uilt of providing highly cfassi ted documents to Moscow from a NATO inter- rogation center in Nuremberg Germany from 1969 to 1994 Mr Tro moff a natural- ized American whose parents moft was even invited to a sort for Soviet military officers as a reward for his labors Mr Kaluginsaid You can gauge the sig- ni cance of that information by how the KGB ranked him as their No spy in terms of givinghem information said Mac uley the United States attorney for the Middle District of Florida It was pretty vital information Mr Cauley called the ver- dict a great victory for our of- the product of an eight- year investi ation that in- volved the F and Army in- telli ence Jntil his arrest last June Mr Tro mo ' had been lead- ing a seemingly quiet retire- ment in a military community in Melbourne Fla He worked bagging groceries at a super- page 19 of 26 snow ake December 7 2001 2 16 PM TO Gen Pace FROM Donald Rumsfeld D11 SUBJECT Population I think you said you thought Kabul had a population of 011t 200 000- I have no idea how many people live there now but here is th ast census on some of those major cities Thanks Attach Population 1207014 Please respond by U15072 02 10 Population of Major Afghan Cities Kabul 2 000 000 Herat 750 000 Kandahar 329 000 Mazar e-Sharif 232 000 snow ake December 28 2001 8 15 AM TO Dov Zakheim Q FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Earmarks Please get me the list of those 4 000 earmarks in gas legislation I need to get a sense of what that is about a Thanks 1228014 Pleaseras'pondby 1 If U15130 02 In 11f Op snow ake A July 26 2001 12 23 PM TO Dov Zakheim FROM Donald Rumsfeld r9 SUBJECT OSD Manning Please get me a piece of paper that shows me how many people work in each one of the OSD activities I was told today there are 1 200 people 1n the OSD Inspector General s of ce I need a piece of paper that shows it across the board If you are the wrong person ask David Chu to get it He may be the right one Thanks 75 #467 4 8ij 5965971 Ve I b 4 my KW 24 s e h j04 zo 2 74 U14643 630 07 El 5 n- 5 snowflake TO Adm Giambastiani FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE May 29 2001 SUBJECT You might want to call down to Maj Gen Robert Magnus and thank him for his r favorable comments I apprecmte them Thanks DHR azn 082901 24 lolavvaZ' u10137 101 gress of the new national mili- tar strate next month but de ense cials differ widely year 2003 budget several de- fense sources said Regardless of whether on whether a formal document Rumsfeld turns to the military will be issued by the end of to provide substantial input June While President Bush is expected to sound themes of h1s emerging security strategy In a May 25 speech in Annapo- into the QDR the work of the Joint Staff-led panels and the results of Nimble Eagle could help inform Shelton s assess- lis MD somesources say it ment of risk in the strategy and could take untrl the end of force structure laid out by the summer to see those objectives translated into published guid- ance on how military forces are to be shaped and sized for the future Others say that with the level of experience resident in the Bush administration s Na- tional Security Council a former defense secretary in the role of a power il vice presi- dent a former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as secre- tary of state and a defense sec- retary who s done the job be- fore -- a new strategy could lit- erally be crafted 1n hours if need be The uniformed military is eager to start the of cial part of the QDR with a clear new strategy in hand rather than a reverse scenario in which the Penta on takes stock of avail- able orces and cash and de- rives a strate of the possi- ble But the act that a strat- egy could be handed out -- fait accompli -- is not lost on them Military officials are cha n at the bit to share with Rums eld - who has made clear he is seeking to move beyond the traditional preparations for two overlappin major wars -- the work the Foint Staff and ser- vices have done to date on ex- ploring strategy alternatives From there the military is also con dent it has a pretty good handle on the implica- tions various strategies might have for force size readiness and other key military factors We re not starting with some- thing that no one understands said one Pentagon source in- terviewed this week If the QDR kicks off in earnest in June it could be completed by the end of Sep- tember when the review s re- sults are to be conveyed to eron ress At that oint Rums- feld steam woul like to feed QDR conclusions into the process of crafting the scal QDR which the law also says rs due in September -- Elaine M Grossmn San Diego Union-Tribune May 23 2001 8 Of cials See NO Easy So- lutions For Lack 01' Military Sp_are Parts 'Caunibaliudon'hurting readiness lawmaker says By Pauline Jelinek Associated Press WASHINGTON -- The Pentagon system for dis ens- ing spare parts for airp anes tanks and other equipment is broken and of cials aren t sure how to x it according to of - cials At least 154 000 times a year a military mechanic takes a part from one airplane and puts it on another ecause a new spare part is not on hand states a preliminary report the General Accounting 0 - ce The practice is called cannibalization and it s eating into readiness Rep Chris- topher Shays R-Corm said at a House subcommittee hearin where the report was discussed yesterday Cannibalization is also a waste of time and money -- costing 1 million extra work hours a year -- and it risks damaging the aircraft as well as the morale ofmechanics do- ing the work said others who testi ed Shays called it robbing Peter to repair Paul adding that the plane being repaired gets a used part and the one cannibalized gets a new part it didn t need in the rst place Work is doubled the mechanic has to remove the part from one plane before putting it on another Once cannibalized 3 mol- timillion-dollar aircraft can sit idle for months or years said Neal Curtin GAO director of defense issues In one case about 400 parts had been removed from a plane that eventually had to shipped by truck to the maintenance depot to be re- built he said Witnesses said cannibali- zation is widespread because the services are trying to main- tain readiness on an a ing eet at a time ofincrease deploy ments Lt Gen Michael Zettler deputy chief of staff for Air Force installations said canni- balization is used only when it is absolutely mission critical He acknowledged in a prepared statement that it s done more than is desirable but blamed some of it on de- sign problems that show up af- ter years of use resulting in the widespread need for more parts than expected Also fewer companies are making certain Darts having left the market during the Pentagon's 19905 downsizing Pentagon spokesman Rear Adm Craig Quigley said You do what you need to do given the availability of parts It is largely an issue funding he said at the regul Pentagon brie ng I ll use - famil car as a good exampl-' the der it gets the more re pair you re going to do And yet it s also expensive to buy a new car The report follows one spare parts shortages they have not closely analyzed other possible causes or made concerted efforts to measure the rll extent of the practice he said The Pentagon has been unable to document how many times it is done the reasons or how much time and money it rs costing It also can t determine whic canni are necessary what alternatives are available what im rove- ments or changes nee to be implemented to limit the waste and to what extent mo- rale would be increased by re- ducin the causes of workload canni alization Cur-tin said in prepared comments Aerospace Daily May 24 200 1 9 Marines Expect To all First Operational V-22 Squadron In About 2004 fense Group May 23 a geV-upro- 11 Ill fense appointed Department earlier this year that said de- blue-ribbon panel DAILY partrnent inventory manage- April 19 whic was set up to ment is ineffective resulting in review the program after two excessive stocks of some parts and too few of others Rep Dennrs D- fatal crashes last year Magnus assistant deputy commandant for plans olrcres Ohio said that in some cases and operations said he ore de- the military just doesn t know 1where a part is or how many it as This is clearly not due to lack of nding since the De- partment of Defense is wasting millions on unnecessary items he said Though the problem at beenunderscru since other programs to x it - has statistics on how bi - problem is Curtin said Because they View an- mhalization as a of nloxingthe V-22 the Marines - plan ocanyo_ ring state vorte on that can cause a los ofli during highrate ofde- scent and that implicated in the April 2000 crash that killed 19 Marines The De- cember crash was atmhuted to hylegnulic and software prob- Marine orps at in Do 5 upeorrung_ Qu emua 't ense Renew also page 90 Writs comfortable with his involve- ment in Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld s ongoing defense strategy review He said he has been involved in many meetings on the review and that some military of cials may have complained to the press that they were shut out of the Rumsfeld review because they like having perfect situ- ational awareness Rumsfeld s review is ex- pected to be folded into the QDR which will help shape the scal 2003 budget Magnus told The DAILY that he suspects the Bush Ad- ministration will preserve the V-22 which the Marines want as a replacement for CH-46 and CH-53 helicopters and the Joint Strike Fighter which the Marines want as a replacement for AV-SB Harriers and 18 Hornets But he said he won t be surprised if some military aviation programs un- dergo changes in schedule and the number of aircraft pro- cured SF ex ected to survive Rums eld who met with Athe House Armed Services Committee in private for more than two hours May 23 had little to say afterward except that he hasn t made any dec1- sions on weapons programs and that most weapons deci- sions will be made in the FY 2003 budget Rumsfeld also said he plans to send Congress a re- quest for a scal 2001 supple- mental defense appropriations bill as early as this week An amended FY 2002 budget is impeded a few weeks after Some Democratic committee members told reporters that the were frustrated that they di t learn much at the meeting which focused on rocess But committee airman Bob Stump R Ariz and ranking Democrat Ike Skelton MO both described the meeting as productive - Marc Salinger San Diego Union-Tribune Miy 23 2001 10 Latest Attempt To Keep Osprey Program Alive Has Its Doubters Civilian manager is now in charge By Otto Kreisher Copley News Service WASHINGTON -- The Marine Corps troubled Osprey has survived another near- death experience But this week s decision by the Pentagon s top civilian acquisition of cial to give the tilt-rotor aircraft one more chance has placed the Marines top aviation program in the hands of a tough-minded civil- ian manager instead of Navy of cials who kept it going through years of cost growth technica problems and three fatal accidents From the commandant Gen James L Jones down to the Marine okesman for the Osprey the ecision by acqui- sitlon czar Pete Aldridge to keep the program alive while the plane s contractors n y to x a myriad of problems was greeted with extreme caution need to know more about the implications of the decision a clearly troubled Jones said when asked about what most Osprey supporters had at rst thought was a posi- tive develo ment The ar-reaching impacts of the Defense Depart- ment decision are unclear at this point said Ca t David Nevers a Marine pub ic affairs of cer John lssacs one of the Osprey s most vocal critics wondered Has he Aldridge saved it or has he taken it over to kill it If I were the Navy I would have more con dence if they had retained control said lssacs director of the Council for a Livable World Although the decision by Aldridge does keep the MV-22 program alive it is clear its fu_- tnre is far from secure And 1f it survives it could be an addi- tional four or ve years before Ospreys begin to replace the aged CH-46 and CH-53D hell- copters at the M1rarnar Marlne Corps Air Station and Camp Pendleton In simple terms Aldridge took away from the Na s ci- vilian acquisition executive the crucial production decisions on the Osprey That means he will decide when or if the MV-22s are allowed to go into rll ro- duction a dec1sion the avy was about to make in Decem- ber before the last of the crashes that have killed 30 Ma- rines and contractor employ- ees Aldridge also announced formation of a top-level execu- tive review committee that will monitor the effort to resolve the many safety and reliability questions that put the Osprey on the verge of cancellation At the same time how- ever he approved the unthi- phased lan Navy of cials propose to deal w1th the MV- 22 s problems He also author- ized release of the money nec- essary to buy enough Ospreys during the next few years to kee the production line alive whi the contractors try to x design problems But Nevers added a word of caution We don t believe that by allowing the Marines to go ahead to rocure the aircraft already fun ed indicates what the- production rate will be in the future or what will decide ultimately The Marines want to buy 360 Opsreys and the Air Force 50 in a $40 billion program Nevers and a spokes- woman for the Naval Air Sys- tems Command which nor- mally supervises-Marine avia- tion programs were not sure how Aldridge s action affected their managers What is clear is that the heat is on the contractors the Bell and Boein helicopter units to do what ey have not done in the past 12 years -- produce an aircraft that is both safe and reliable At a Capitol Hill forum held yesterday by Osprey sup- rters company executives 1ndicated they had gotten the message After talking enthusiasti- cally about the potential mar- ket for tens of billions of dol- lars in military and civilian tilt- rotor aircraft Bell chief execu- tive Terry Stinson said he rec- ognized that we can t be sue- 1 cessful if we don t provide safe and reliable aircraft And the man that has to be impressed Aldridge is a for- mer astronaut a onetime Air Force secretary and the execu- tive of an aerospace rm that won the Pentagon s top award for ef cient acquisition pro- guns InsideDefe-mem May23 2001 11 Senate Confirms Cordon England As Navy Secretary The Senate last night con- rmed former General Dynam- ics executive Gordon England to be the secretary of the Navy by unanimous consent During his nomination hearing before the Senate Armed Services Committee England was pressed by Sen John McCain R-AZ over his intentions to rccuae himself from decisions involving Gen- eral Dynamics En land told McCain that case-by-case basis an answer McCain said was not good Inside the Navy this week reported the committee has changed gears somewhat for England and the other service secrgtary nominees over a stan in lic re ardin bilge 3orted tTiat fog several years committee has had a Policy discouragin con rmed defense Of cia from running themselves in spite of federal ethics regula- tions that require nominees to do so for one year on decisions involving former employers The committee sent a let- ter to the White House stating the committee generally pre- fers divestiture to recusal but also said the committee does not insist the Bush administra- tion waive the recusal re- quirement for nominees ITN reported - Thomas Du jt San Diego Union-Tribal May 23 2001 12 Navy Identi es Two Killed In Plane Crash The Navy yesterday iden- ti ed the two of cers killed Monday in the crash of their single-engine trainer near here page 10 of 17 snowflake December 21 200l TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld 12 51 PM SUEUECT E P A Let’s set up Christie Todd-Whitman to come over and do this You should make sure she is primed to do it in a way that makes sense from our standpoint Thanks Attach 08 25 O 1 SecDef memo to Di Rita DHR dh 122101-25 Please respond by 11-L-0559 OSD 761 l 06 2% 2001 07 42 5857762945 QUAIL RIDGE INN F A G E 13 snowflake TO Lax-q Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE August 25 2001 I djd talk to Christie Todd- l%itman She says ve need to get discussions undenvay and vev soon between her office and the Pentagon She wants to he helpfiX I told her that I would probabl get our General Counsel to get it started Please see that it happens 9 ‘- Thank5 DHFum 062501 06 11 11-L-0559 OSD 762 O#ice of the Deputy Under Secretarypf Defense Installations Environm k TO Secretary of Defense THROUGH E C Aldri 4 3bl I@@ FROM Raymond F DuBols Jr DATE December 11 200l QEC 2 1 no- SUBJECT Governor Christie Todd Whitman Larry DiRita asked that I send you a short note following up on my meeting with Gov Whitman and the ensuing discussions between our two senior staffs I met with Gov Whitman pursuant to her dinner with you She and I had a very constructive discussion to include her commitment to work with the DOD on resolving long standing thorny issues e g land use controls PCB transfers from Mare Island PCB disposal from Japan health standards for perchlorate and recovery of “economic benefit” in enforcement She would like me to address an upcoming EPA Regional Directors meeting here in Washington TBD In the meantime JP Woodley ADUSD Environment will visit EPA Region 7 in Kansas City on 11-12 December and will continue his meetings with individual Regional Directors over the next several months The Mare Island PCB issue has been resolved after a detailed and lengthy set d of discussions initiated at my meeting with Gov Whitman The Mayor of 36’ Vallejo and others have called to thank us for persevering with EPA x e Id t Finally Gov Whitman said she thought that a very effective way for the i 5 lS c SecDef and the EPA Administrator to demonstrate a unified position tF pp@E especially to disavow any notion that since DOD is at war the environment is no longer a concern would be for her to come over to the Pentagon to address “ek of our senior leadership on environmental issues etc as Paul O’Neill did on w -“g L workplace safety I @ P p L t vx 11-L-0559 OSD 763 snowflake March lo 2001 TO 450 PM Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Meehan Book Excerpts iI_ Attached is a copy of an excerpt from a book with some questions we might want to consider as we go along Attach DHR dh 031001-l 1 11-L-0559 OSD 764 t I 5 I i Ii I 1 L ‘ “i The development of a national military strategy is both a dialectic and iterative process shaped by those charged with the responsibility Strategy is a result of objectives and policy which by the nature of the political element are in a constant state of change-these changes in defense objectives or policy must bring change to military strategy military force structure and priorities for budgeting in a constrained resource environment Given the impediments to the development of a national military strategy and the unfortunate results of the past a new Secretary of Defense can overcome these obstacles by seeking the answers to a set of questions I suggest that should align his thinking with the logic of the PPBS process This set of questions is not lengthy and its answers do not provide policy and stqategy in and of themselves the answers provide input tb the policy process and lead naturally to another set of questions of a Secretary’s choosing to clarify for himself the evolution and direction of his defense policy i The Secretary of Defense the Deputy Secretary of Defense the Under Secretary for Policy and the Joint Chiefs of Staff should all participate in the discussion The Service Secretaries are not included Because strategy IS a poticy- and operation-al concept andXli Z -vice Secretaries are not in the operational chain of command as detailed by the 1947 National Security Act they 11-L-0559 OSD 765 i I i’ should not be included in the process The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy is also not in the chain of command but is the principal advisor on defense policy to the Secretary of Defense the Service Secretaries’ primary roles are to oversee the mission of their respective Service “ to organize train and equip “ Because by law the Joint Chiefs of Staff are charged with the responsibility of providing the Secretary of Defense a recommended strategic concept the majority of the input on military strategy must come from the JCS The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy should provide proposed defense guidance and then the Secretary should consider it as the basis on which to develop military strategy The answers to the Secretary might take the form of written responses but it is imperative they be followed up with face-to-face discussions among the principals Again I must emphasize that the process is iterative Having the answers to the stiggested questions is never enough PoIicy initiatives or changes demand that the total military implications of the policy be reviewed to ensure the extent of the implications are in fact aligned with what the President and the Secretary believe and desire the policy to demand For example given President Carter’s direction to establish a Rapid Deployment Force did he or Secretary Brown envision the fiscal costs involved with such an undertaking or the separate strategy or command structure demanded by the implementation of a policy of ‘ defending access to Middle East oil” Perhaps most useful to a new Secretary of Defense might be the assistance which the process of answering the suggested questions will have in his transition to office The transition of political power from one 11-L-0559 OSD 766 administration to another is an interesting phenomenon in American politics but it appears to be reinvented on I every occasion Generally speaking there is no set agenda for a transition and seldom is there anyone available who has gone through the process betore It as suggested earlier in this paper a new Secretary’s time is taken with programing actions from the butset then the problems associated with operating wikhout a national military strategy will continue as I described _- n rn Questions By answering the following questions early in an administration’s term a Secretary may avoid the inevitable later in his term when he mutters “ if I only knew then what I know now ” 1 One minute prior to my being sworn into office what formal foreign policy treaties and commitments is the United States obligated militarily to discharge 2 To what commitments beyond formal foreign policy has the- United States obligated itself which would call for military capability to either enforce or execute The answers to these two questions would emphasize the concept that military strategy must be the supporting element of the nation’s political objective through the application of military capability as well as provide knowledge of the extent and size of United States commitments 3 What is the military requirements process and how does it play into the PPBS process 4 What is the Joint ehiefk of Staff Henning Force and how does it differ from the Department’s Five Year Defense Progmm and why 5 What is the strategy-force mismatch and the related concept of military risk The answers to these questions get at the heart of the PPBS process-that is military requirements and budgeting to meet those requirements-and give a Secretary of Defense the numerical and military rationale of what the CINCs and JCS suggest in their best judgment is necessary to counter the evolving threat over the long term The explanations of strategy-force mismatch and military risk provide an understanding of the seriousness of the current and programed force structure in relation to foreign policy commitments the threat and potential wartime scenarios 6 What are the major defense policy principles under which the JCS and CINCs are currently operating and the JCS understanding of the total military implications of those policies is being followed Once approved the strategy should be published intact in the Defense Guidance to provide in ’ one publication the defense objectives strategy and guidance that lead to the programs and budget of each of the Services to support the strategy 8 For all major programs currently budgeted or planned what is the JCS explanation or where each fits into the approved strategy and why7 9 For each major program what is the JCS priority for each in relation to all other programs Once the strategy is developed and approved the comparison of a program to that strategy becomes easy The examination of a program with the strategy as its basis permits the Secretary to determine the relevance and priority of that program in relation to other programs in a constrained budget The answers should provide a Secretary an understanding of what the JCS believes defense policy means and its military and force implications and most important these questions should permit the Secretary an opportunity to gauge his intent in policy against what he desires-i e a dialogue which would put all parties concerned on the same track 7 Using major policy principles as a base what nation military strategy and alternatives will translate defense policy into requirements for military capabilities and force structure to counter the threat Specifically the strategy developed and approved by the Secretary shoul be a clear statement in military terms of the intent of a Secretary’s policy frrr f ther translai tion into military capabilities Follow-on discussions would reveal whether the intent of a Secretary’s policy 43 11-L-0559 OSD 767 snowflake TO Chris W illlams FROM Donald Rumsfeld ‘q DATE March 26 2001 SUBJECT Foreign Military Training I’ve been over this foreign military training paper I would like it redone specifically on the page that says response to SecDef question it shows that there are a variety of programs and yet the attachment doesn’t distinguish among the programs I would like to see a separate sheet showing the country on the number of students and the cost within each program category if that’s possible Thank you DHR azn 032601 18 Attach 11-L-0559 OSD 768 snowflake March lo 2001 4 24 PM I - T cc’ FROM ‘iAh%d Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Foreign Military Training Here is the Congressional report on foreign military training I started signing everything and I got tired You can have somebody sign the rest of them with the machine Nowhere in here do I see a succinct summary of what we have done to train people from other countries-the countries the number of people in one cohnnn the types of training in another-so I can get a grip in a one- or two-page overview of the whole program I thumbed through here and I didn’t see anything like that Second I think this program is enormously important and it is something I think we want to talk about in our testimony before Congress Maybe we should try to do two things increase the funds for it and enable us to not require that foreigners pay the full value There are some countries that really cannot afford it and it is very much in our interest to have a hand in training those people Why don’t you see if you can get me some answers to some of this Thanks DHR dh 11-L-0559 OSD 769 DEFENSE SECURITY COOPERATION AGENCY - WASHINGTON DC 203Ol93f - ‘I’ ‘ ’ I - a j ’ - 'I 1 5 MAR 2001 t f- ‘ ” f 6 F j 3 @O 014821-PMD MEMORANDUM FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE -@fl -@‘@dd 3 ’ THROUGH SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR’c @ POLICY MATTERS Chris Williams 695-5 136 DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE POLICY SUPPORT -‘1’S w Pete Verga 697-0285 k 4fi” - PRINCIPAL DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS Bear McConnell 693-047 1 FROM Director DSCA Lt Gen Tome H Prepared by Rita Verry DSCA PPP 601-3672 00 SUBJECT Congressional Report on Foreign Military Training PURPOSE To provide answers to questions on Foreign Military Training posed by Secretary Rumsfeld COORDINATION N A Attachments As stated uo5497 #l 11-L-0559 OSD 770 looI 1 ’ I JN J RESPONSE TO SECDEF QUESTION FOREIGN MILITARY TRAININGS GENERAL l l Secretary Rumsfeld asked for a succinct summary of what we have done to train people from other countries and the types of training programs provided Secretary Rumsfeld also emphasized the importance of the program and requested information concerning increasing funds for these programs and enabling us to not require that foreigners pay the full value TAB 1 SUMMARY The annual Foreign Military Training Report 3 volumes provides Congress with an extensive overview of all foreign students trained during the last fiscal year as well as proposed training for the upcoming year l Over 64 000 students were trained at a cost of approximately $516M in FYOO Breakouts by country for FYOO are provided at TAB 2 l Training was provided through several programs - Foreign Military Sales FMS ---$346M - Department of State DOS funded activities For example International Military Education and Training IMET Foreign Military Financing FMF funded training International Narcotics and Law Enforcement INL Enhanced International Peacekeeping Capabilities EIPC and Foreign Assistance Act FAA drawdown for narcotics education and training---$95M - Department of Defense DOD funded activities For example Drug Interdiction and Counter-Drug Activities Humanitarian Demining Service Academy Aviation Leadership Program Exchanges and Regional Programs---$75M IMPORTANCE OF THE PROGRAM l l l l The Military Departments CINCs and OSD staff strongly agree this program is’ enormously important All have been pushing to increase it---with some success IMET funding has grown from $49 8M in FYOO to $57 9M in FYOl We requested $65M for FY02 All want it to grow further and are hoping to reach $lOOM over the next three years We are studying the numbers of student quotas available and schoolhouse maximum capacity levels to help define realistic limits Most countries do receive a reduced tuition rate 118 of the 180 countries listed in the report currently receive IMET dollars which allows them to pay only the incremental costs necessary to add their students to an existing class---vice having to pay the full cost 11-L-0559 OSD 771 d # FYOO Foreign Military Training Information Number of Students Trained Country Total Cost Albania 183 $1 134 018 Algeria -12 $129 422 4 $14 422 Angola ““-- --- _-_- --Antigua And Barbuda UK 61 - - -- - e V Argentina 282 $ I69724 - --_“__“- - -- 14 Armenia _ _ - _ $ 5 #4’ _ --“_l-“- - ” _- - - _ - -- -- 7 Australia 1 044 Austria ---- --5g Azerbaiian 84 Bahamas 12 - _- $149’319 _ _ -‘437 $2 396 207 Bahrain 57 $823 014 Bangladesh --_Barbados 18 595 ------“_ --- x - __-- ---- $277 -_ -- -Belarus ‘5 ----- -@‘% 67 Belgium 265 $2 812 480 Belize 45 $161 000 - “ _ - ----Benin - - - _ - -- - -- - - --- - --406 _ _ _ -_ $‘ 812 659_ ---_ Bolivia 531 $1 936 876 Bosnia Herzeaovina 321 $2 191 978 124 Botswana $5891422 Brazil 329 $3 826 537 Brunei 12 $103 132 --------_- “ -_ Bulgaria 244 $2 200 967 --“ ---“_ -“ Burkina FASO-“ -- -----3 _- - _ _---_ -2%422 __ Burundi 3 $7 462 Zameroon 126 $805 562 Canada _--_ 1 226 $7 360 602 Zape Verde Republic Of 9 ___-“--- - - - Zentral African Republic 4 shad 125 Zhile Colombia - Zomoros “ “_x _II $714621 4 Zongo Brazzaville -- - I - -_ _- - -- Zosta Rica 254 F Zote d’lvoire 778 -------A $3 177’255 - ------- - _- - -I -Zroatia 178 $1 440 639 -- -_---- Czech Republic 392 $2 133 409 ---- “I_-_ --Denmark 275 $4 574 618 _- ---- Djibouti 6 $228 422 - __- I Jominica 44 $91 638 - - - - - Dominican Republic 275 $892 518 - “ “ “ _ _- - --Ecuador 662 - 3 826 1 462 $14 920 934 Egypt fl Salvador 349 304 - - - $1L 731 --L1 Zquatorial Guinea --_- - $7 462 Zritrea 4 1----1 -- -A%E Istonia 253 $2 628 426 - _ - - fthiooia 4 $159 462 I - -I 1 221 $222 5601 ” I 11-L-0559 OSD 772 l FYOO Foreign Military Training Information Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Country - ---- --- _ -- 74 580 7 4 416 1 740 62 1 642 44 _ _ -Grenada Guatemala Guinea ---“- - _“ _ Guinea-Bissau _ _ _- ---_- ” _ - --- -- - - -Guyana ---I-- I _ - Haiti Honduras - - -- _ - -Hungary - Iceland India -_-- I-- t Indonesia Greece 540 284 13 281 “” X- -61 893 $419 A- - --- - - ---- $8 f 96V - $61 422 ‘ -$14 422 ‘$3 941 164 $21 353 185 $464 422 - - i- - 1 $1 105 _-971 --- --“ --‘- $1 704 946 --$25 000 $601 468 $109 649 271 Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon ---Lesotho Liberia Lithuania Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Total Cost _ -- - - “ _ _ ” -I _ _ --_-“ _ I_ “- _ _-“ -- “I--- ----“l -- - -_ - - --- - “ _ - -- __- -_- 4 005 _ - - 604 - - - $747 67C _ fJ3 ‘43 93 --_$3 200 14E $449 152 115- - -$13 139 1 $9 643 39E 3 494 $10 924 03 772 $948 785 77 $51 541 5 $2 895 229 354 $1 441 777 178 --d-‘----d - $100 422 73 2 $6 960 362 $1 930 953 305 $1 094 450 33 $207 929 -- 894 $1 322 422 -- L --595 $1 460 487 ---1 382 1 4 ----- Lo “- -_ _ - 1-L-- 69 $130 000 2 -’ $25 086 4 __ %14 422 - - - - - - - - - iK E 28 --“__ _ 564 -- _“_ “__ - $2 770 908 $25 086 2 - -“--1-d ---- _ “-I I- -- _ -- Malta -- Marshall Islands Mauritania --- _---_ -“ -_----Mauritius - _- ----Mexico Micronesia 11-L-0559 OSD 773 FYOO Foreign Military Training Information Moldova Students Trained Country Total Cost Morocco Mrvamhiaue j Namibia $189 42 j Netherlands --- _- Netherlands Antilles NE --- -“ -_ -----j New Zealand $405 23 I Oman -_ 1 Pakistan I Palau --- $429 64 t- 44tr -d $SO OO -- __ - -- - -“ -- -- I Panama j Papua New Guinea $244 01 I Philippines 1 Poland I Portugal $794 83 I Samoa I Sierra Leone lSingaporeISS $96 9471 60 - -I - -- “ - ISlovakia 1 255 ’ I 8361 bvenia Solomon_ Islands Spain ISri Lanka 1st Kitts And Nevis 1st Lucia --__ -“- St Vincent And Grenadines ISuriname - ---I --_ ISwaziland I Sweden Switzerland 631 Taiwan Tajikistan t Tanzania 11-L-0559 OSD 774 - __ “ -- _ ----- -- - -- $128 OC c FYOO Foreign M ilitary Training Information Country Number of Students Trained Total Cost 1 468’ $6 934 171 Thailand Togo 5 $14 422 -Tonga 64 -- - - $E”P Trinidad-Tobago _ __ __- - _ 127 -- r- - --- $ - Tunisia 90 - -- L -L - -I-- - “ _ -- Turkey 833 $9 653 797 $555 328 Turkmenistan LA “- -- _-Tuvalu 1 $11 947 Uganda 24 $261 422 - Ukraine $2 369 622 _ ” 451 186 United Arab Emirates - --I _rX - $6J62F - - - --_ _ --“--- --- United Kingdom 607 $5 291 834 --92 -----_ $408 ’ - 32 Uruguay 67 Uzbekistan _- _ - ---- $1 m2 mo Vanuatu 5 $100 507 _-Venezuela 590 $2 677 004 4 Viet Nam _ $40 736 Yemen - 101 -- - ” -_ $308@2 - - I- -_--Yugoslavia 46 $198 494 Zambia 168 $370 422 --_--- - - -- --- -- Zimbabwe 73 $1 220 480 -‘-- _ -------_-- - - - - 64 150 $516 268 348 11-L-0559 OSD 775 snowflake April 26 200l TO David Chu cc Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 59 AM QJ -K 0 SUBJECT BAH Rates Attached is some material on the BAH Rates which you might want to take a look at sometime and then we could discuss the subject Thanks Attach 4 9 01 SecDef memo to de Leon re “BAH Rates” DHR dh 04260 1-2 Uo8304 Ol t 11-L-0559 OSD 776 snowflake April 9 2OOl TO Rudy de Leon cc Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld 536 PM SUBJECT BAH Rates I just read your memo on BAH rates On the assumption that the President is not going to want supplementals there must be a way to do this with a contingency fund of some kind that can be triggered in in the event that energy rates go up or some other things Any thoughts Thanks Attach 4 3 Memo from Mr de Leon re Enlisted Advisors and BAH Rates DHR dh 04040 J-49 11-L-0559 OSD 777 April 3 200l To Secretary Rumsfeld From Rudy de Leon Re 1 k Enlisted Advisors and BAH Rates Mr Secretary Admiral Tracey reports that she has draft legislation that would give the Secretary of Defense the authority to adjust BAH rates mid-year if circumstances merit The services are discussing this issue right now and trying to determine the threshold that would trigger an out of cycle adjustment With respect to the west coast California and Washington state the BAH rates were adjusted in January to provide extra dollars for higher utility rates She also believes that the BAH process needs a mechanism to foresee rate increases that are accelerating because of extraordinary circumstances like the soaring energy rates on the west coast At the same time no single formula will ever get it budgeted exactly right This will put pressure on the Department and from time to time necessitate supplemental funding 11-L-0559 OSD 778 snowflake March 27 200l TO Rudy de Leon FROM Donald Rumsfeld 6 29 AM SUBJECT BAH I am told we can only change BAH once a year and with the California energy crisis it is a problem That might be a law we want to adjust I got that from the senior enlisted folks Thanks DHR dh 032701-10 11-L-0559 OSD 779 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE April 26 2001 From Me MEMO FOR To Gama mo ox THRU Eyeo fef 4 13 305 1 Please forward these memos from SecDef to the addressees along with their associated attachments 2 NOTE Some attachments are comprised of previous SecDef memos-please take care that these memos do not get separated out and then sent again They are part of the attachments 3 Please control a file copy No further action or coordination is required at this time Thanks DH 01L snowflake May 29 200l 956 AM TO David Chu FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Training and Leader Development Panels Would you please read this material from General Shinseki and then circulate it to the appropriate people in OSD w Thanks eJ Attach 4 23 01 Shinseki memo to SecDef w attachment DHR dh 052901-14 11-L-0559 OSD 781 The Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld Secretary of Defense 1000 Defense Pentagon Washington D C 20301-I 000 Dear Mr Secretary On June 6 2000 The Army chartered three Training and Leader Development Panels to review assess and provide recommendations for the training and development of the Army’s 21” Century leaders The first panel focused on commissioned officers the second panel which began in January focuses on Non-Commissioned Officers and the third panel will focus on Warrant Officers The findings conclusions and recommendations are comprehensive credible and founded on feedback received from a sampling of almost 14 000 interviews Executive Summary attached Acceptance of the conclusions and recommendations provides The Army a clear azimuth for adapting existing training and leader development programs to the requirements of Army Transformation and the Objective Force The panel confirmed our assessment that The Army needs a mechanism to continually assess evaluate and obtain feedback on its training and leader development programs and recommended an Army Training and Leader Development Management Process to meet that need Other strategic recommendations address Army Culture the Officer Education System our Systems Approach to Training collective training programs lifelong learning and a Training and Leader Development Model The report’s 84 recommendations will serve as the starting point for our quarterly assessment and feedback sessions focused on training and leader development for the Objective Force Prior to releasing the reports I intend to inform selected members of Congress about the key findings The Army staff is now developing an implementation plan that immediately addresses all priority one near-term actions We have briefed the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff on the report’s contents and are prepared to brief you if desired The report provides compelling evidence that our main effort in achieving The Army Vision should be the development of our People As we implement the recommendations of these panels we will focus our efforts on the skill sets that enable our Objective Force Soldiers and leaders to conduct decisive actions across the full spectrum of military operations Very respectfully eqJ-LL ’ Eric K Shinseki General United States Army 11-L-0559 OSD 782 Executive Summary PURPOSE This is the Army Training and Leader Development Panel s ATLDP report of its findings conclusions and recommendations with an action plan for Army Staff policy review and resourcing determinations This report applies primarily to commissioned officers Subsequent Panel efforts will address noncommissioned officers and warrant officers BACKGROUND ES-Z The Army is addressing Doctrine Organization and Materiel in its Transformation Campaign Plan It is finalizing PM I me Army and PM 3-0 Operations It is fielding the Initial Brigade Combat Team IE-CT while developing the Organizational and Operational Concepts for the Interim Division IDIV and the Objective Force Work progresses in fielding the Future Combat Systetn With Doctrine lOrganization and Materiel initiatives well underway the Chief of Staff Army CSA chartered the Panel to look speci cally at training and leader development part of Line of Operation 5 of the Army's Transformation Campaign Plan E34 The Army Vision of being more strategically responsive and dominant at every point on the operational spectrum has three component parts Readiness Transformation and People The Panel s initial mission analysis and planning focused on Transformation and contributing to the Army s Transfortnation Campaign Plan However as the Panel began contacting soldiers in the eld it became apparent that its mission was principally about people Soldiers and their families are the Army s center of gravity and as such they became the focus of the Panel s effort The Panel assessed Army training and leader development doctrine and practices to determine their applicability and suitability for the Interim Force The Panel also worked to determine the characteristics and skills required of Information Age Army leaders who must conduct strategically responsive operations in tomorrow s full spectrum battlespace E34 The Panel s work provides compelling evidence that a main effort in Army Transformation should be to link training and leader development to prepare Army leaders for full spectrum operations Linking these two imperatives commits the Army to training soldiers and growing them into leaders This report then is about the Army's people their beliefs and the systems that sustain their commitment to the institution It is also about the practices that dilute their efforts and detract from their remarkable selfless and honorable service to the Nation WHAT TH FIELD TOLD US The soldiers interviewed in the field transmitted their thoughts in clear text and with passion Pride in the Army service to the Nation camaraderie and Army values strongly influence the decisions of officers and their spouses to make the Army a career They communicated the same passion and dedication for sel ess service to the Nation and the Anny as any generation before them However they see Army practices as being out of balance with Army beliefs A detailed discussion and the supporting data and analysis about what they said are in Chapter 2 Strategic Conclusions and Recommendations and the Study Group appendices This is a summation of what they said While fully recognizing the requirements associated with a career in the Army soldiers steadfastly commented that the Army Culture is out of balance and outside the Band of Tolerance They cited the following examples An undisciplined operational pace impacts every aspect of Army Culture The Army expects more commitment from officers and their families than it currently provides The Army is not meeting the expectations of officer cohorts regarding their operational experiences litne with family and the value of their service 1 Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers Micromanagement is pervasive in the force Institutional invulnerability to criticism is pursued at the expense of trust in subordinates and underwriting their developmental process I There is some mistrust of senior leadership Issues include insuf cient senior to subordinate contact leaders are not the primary trainers leaders not present during training leaders focused up versus down and leaders unwilling to turn down excessive and late taskings I The Of cer Evaluation Report is unfair both in its system and application In the area of leader development the field raised the following issues I There is a lack of consistent integrated and thoughtful leader development The officer corps does not fully understand effective leader development so effective leader development programs do not exist Personnel management drives operational assignments at the expense of quality developmental experiences I Lieutenants want to be platoon leaders and lead soldiers not serve in captain staff positions They are disappointed because they are rushed through developmental leadership positions and often do not have the opportunity to master their tactical and technical leadership skills I The Officer Education System DES does not train and educate officers in the skill sets they need for full spectrum operations I The Army lacks training and education publications and standards for its legacy and interim forces Under the area of training soldiers raised the following concerns The Combat Training Centers CTCS are a great training and leader development experience one the Army must sustain Army training doctrine is fundamentally sound but must be adapted to reflect the Operational Environment and the tools required to train in that environment Units cannot execute home station training in accordance with Army training doctrine because of the undisciplined application of that doctrine resource shortages and limited training aids devices simulators and simulations PANEL DISCUSSIONS The Panel s discussions were critical in framing the results of Study Group efforts and their ndings conclusions and recommendations from the tactical to the operational and strategic levels The Panel supports Study Group major findings in the areas of Army Culture the DES Army training the Systems Approach to Training SAT and the link between training and leader development The Panel investigated two other key areas First the Panel looked at how the Army develops its current leader competencies for its leaders and units to operate in the operational environment envisioned for the Objective Force The Panel defined competency as an underlying characteristic related to effective or superior performance Competencies provide a common language to discuss leader and unit performance and leader selection development and advancement This common language enables the Army to assess leadership and units and feedback the results into its training and leader development programs Competencies also provide a roadmap enabling leaders and units to know what they have to accomplish The Panel found that the Army s current leadership doctrine uses two methods to develop leader competencies values bascd and research based The Army s values based leader competencies are irrefutable even if the environment changes They are at the heart and soul of the soldier s profession They are the foundation on which all other leader competencies are based The research method examines the performance of successful leaders systematically analyzing their behavior and validating them as consistent with superior performers to derive the remainira skills knowledge and attributes These research based competencies can change over time as the environment changes AS the Army undergoes Transformation it is using a third method strategy based for developing leader competencies driven by res 2 1 Executive Summary the Army s strategic direction The strategy-based method enables the Army to position itself and its leadership for the future even when that future is uncertain The Army depends on leaders and units that have the requisite leader competencies to execute full spectrum operations They must thrive in a complex environment marked by the challenge of high-intensity combat and the ambiguities inherent in stability operations and support operations They require competencies that are matched to those new operating conditions and that support the requirement for lifelong learning which emphasizes the leadership skills and attributes to help the leader and unit- Become aware of the need for new competencies in rapidly changing environments Know how to develop those new competencies Transfer that learning and associated competencies lo other leaders and units lnstitutionalize learning in the Army s culture and systems to increase self awareness and adaptability The Panel concluded that given the ambiguous nature of the Objective Force s operational environment Army leaders should focus on developing the enduring competencies 0f self-awareness and adaptability In this context self-awareness is the ability to understand how to assess abilities know and weaknesses in the operational environment and learn how to correct those weaknesses Adaptability is the ability to recognize changes to the environment assess against that environment to determine what is new and what to learn to be effective and the learning process that follows all to Standard and with feedback Self-awareness and adaptability are symbiotic one without the other is useless Self-awareness without adaptability is a leader who cannot learn to accept change and modify behavior brought about by changes to his environment Adaptability without self-awareness is irrationally changing for change sake not understanding the relationship between abilities duties and the environment Because these two competencies are so important the Panel describes them as metacompetencies They enable lifelong learning and their mastery leads to success in using many other skills required in full spectrum operations The operational environment requires lifelong learning by Army of cers and units that have ingrained the metacompetencies of self-awareness and adaptability as the most important skills and characteristics requisite for mission success in the Objective Force The Panel concluded that the Army must use all three strategies to harness the potential of its leaders The values based method provides the foundation for leader competencies The research-based method provides successful leader competencies of leaders past and present The strategy-based method enables lifelong learning through the enduring competencies of self awareness and adaptability for an uncertain and constantly changing environment Second the Panel concluded that to be an efficient learning organization the Army must have standards and effective assessment evaluation and feedback systems for leaders units and itself While the after action review process is a time-tested and proven system for units there appears to be no approved feedback mechanism for individual leaders Additionally the Army lacks an institutional mechanism that provides an assessment evaluation and feedback on the status of its training and leader development programs WW ES-3 1 Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers ETH LOGY 133 7 The CSA directed the Panel to focus initially on commissioned officers and to plan for similar Panel Organizational Chart follow on studies of noncommissioned officers and warrant of cers The Panel task organized four Study Groups an Integration Team and a Red Team lm from its members Three Study Groups assessed mm the unit institution and self development pillars oi the Army s current Leader Development ModelTrainingSIudyDi-uctor lotuth Study examined Army Culture as it mm a relates to oflicer development service and retention Senior of cers noncommissioned - m mrm of cers and civilian subject matter experts from cum anti academia provided the Study Groups i5 15 that i i WW and the Study Director with expert advice and mm mm mm direction The Panel s analytic process was thorough and concentrated on speci ed and implied tasks directed by the ISA and the Panel's Executive Agent the Commanding General Training and Doctrine Command The Study Groups used comprehensive surveys focus group interviews personal interviews and independent research to compile data for analysis They traveled around the world conducting surveys and interviews with more than 13 500 leaders and spouses arottnd the Amiy 133 9 The Panel convened on 12 June 2000 The Panel conducted a mission analysis and literature review to prepare for conducting eld interviews and surveys Following the eldwork the Panel conducted an analysis of the information collected determined conclusions and made recommendations The Panel provided the CG TRADOC and the CSA with reviews at regular intervals The Study Director conducted an initial outbrief to the CSA in Washington DC on It October 2000 followed by brie ngs to Army General Officers throughout October November and December RESEARCH DEMOGRAPHICS 10 The Panel contacted approximately 13 500 If mum soldiers in 61 locations worldwide from all cohorts H m n inrHa components and l' djt commands using surveys locus u group interviews personal interviews and independent 0 a research These research demographics provided extensive and credible sampling data to determine ndings develop conclusions and make recommendations 1 Nearly 13 5% 9 000 of active component officers and 1 053 reserve component personnel were interviewed or surveyed Contacts included personnel committed to the Army as a career those undecided and those considering leaving the Army resulting in a full range of opinions on all issues The charts below show the of the comprehensive and focus group interviews They also show the distribution between genders rank type of unit and TDA and the distribution among the combat combat support and combat service support officers Commissioned ES-4 Executive Summaryr officers comprised Tess of the research sample noncommissioned officers NCOS 21% and warrant officers W05 Army General Officers also participated in the study through interviews and surveys Demographics of Sampling Data Total Total Officer Contacts Total Anal f red Contacts 12- 338 08 1754 344f3'l6 2792 4005 COLE GO Survev by Officer Branch 413 149 10263 6 '5 INCH vvo El Officers 1032 2409 35% of Army G05 120 I CA-CS Health- Other Survey by Officer Career Field 135 223 Com parison of Collection to Officer Population - net-C a 2 - her-i- LT CPT MAJ LTC COL -Compre hensiveSurveyr - Field Interviews AC Army 6'33 l'h-J mm 2151 ops set are msrseT The sampling data demographics of gender race and rank reflect Army demographics Demographics of Sampling Data Gender Comparison of Officers 1 - 0 6 0 4 513 3% males among Army AC commissioned officers Comprehensive Surveys Field Interviews lmi ltl'lale I Female Genderand race match Comparison of AC Officer Flace Army profile a ft 0 11 16 0 2 a moronic-cu 004 new White Black Asian Hispanic Other I Comprehensive Survey IFleld Interviews I Army ES-5 Army Training and Leader Development Panelr eport Officers STRATEGIC IM PLICATIO Since 1988 the Army s operational doctrine has evolved from AirLand Battle to War and Military Operations Other Than War to contemporary operations The Army s training doctrine FM if O 25 100 framing the For-re and separate and distinct fl t'Jt'n its leader development doctrine FM 6 22 22-100 Army Leadership The Army cannot continue the practice of maintaining training and leader development as separate and distinct imperatives 3 The Army depends on self aware and adaptive leaders who have the requisite technical and tactical competence and leader skills to execute full spectrum operations Those leaders must thrive in a complex environment marked by the challenge of high intensity combat and the ambiguities inherent in stability operations and support operations From the Army s perspective no clear-cut line distinguishes war and operations other than war Stability operations may explode into t'irefights without warning requiring Anny forces to interact with local populations and displaced persons while in the tnidst of decisive operations The dotninance of r trt'ny forces in high intensity open maneuver compels adversaries to attack asymmetrically exploiting physical and mental vulnerabilities At the satne time Army forces retain the ability to close with and destroy the well equipped and motivated enemy who refuses to yield vital terrain and facilities with each operation being conducted under the close scrutiny of the media Technology will not provide convenient solutions to these challenges II I Stability ant ES-14 Today s Operational Environment is not new It has evolved since 1989 with the fall of the Iron Curtain and breakup of the Warsaw Pact The Army has recognized for a decade the need to change to remain relevant to the strategic environntent Left to its own devices the Army has been slow to adapt Today it continues to fall behind in adapting training and leader development programs The Operational Environment has changed faster than the Army has adapted its training and leader development progratns Consequently these programs must change quickly to become relevant The Panel fottnd signi cant evidence that current programs and resourcing are not working They reflect neither what it takes to train and grow today s leaders nor the pervasive impact of Army Culture on training and leader development They also do not reflect the significance of being a learning organization and of learning from educational and operational experiences using uniform published standards for soldiers leaders and units Training standards for legacy forces are outdated They do not exist for or lag behind the elding of new organizations Yet these standards are the basis for assessment and feedback to leaders units and the Army The educational experience is not providing officers the skill sets they need to operate successfully The Army is not executing its training doctrine Units catmot train to standard in accordance with Army doctrine because of an undisciplined application of that doctrine resource shortages and limited TADSS l Executive Summary The Anny has no model reflecting how it thinks about training and leader development It has no decision management process to assess the components of its training Strategic ln-Ipliee'tions new and leader development The Army is at a strategic decision point for training and leader development There are two swim mm cone-an mammals prnc u l possible courses of action- 1 Maintain the status quo by investing in existing systems models and proccdu1cs f l- rmum - - -11 The Establish new systems models and procedures lrom the w 1 best of existing programs to develop leaders for full Lung Qt spectrum operations 4 - 20 The latter course of action Is the better way but it Wlil take Air-Land leader resolve focus and resources to implement TD move ahead the Anny must be willing to challenge everything from PM 7 0 25 100 the Force and FM 10 25 101 Battle Focused Treating to to OPMS to unit status reporting to the way the Army designs forces assigns operational missions and allocates resources This requires extensive work but Army leaders are equal to the task ES l'i' Many of the tools that served the Army well during the Cold War are no longer adequate The Army must adapt OES curricula to prepare for a new operating environment characterized by regional threats full spectrum operations and Information Age technology To prepare for the noncontiguous nonlinear battlefields facing the Army during Transformation and beyond all leaders must be warfighters first They must be competent in conducting combined arms operations and bonded to the Army before and as a higher priority than to their branch They must be cohesive as a year group and as an officer cohort self aware and adaptive and committed to lifelong learning A restructured OES can provide these opportunities Renewed emphasis on home station training to standard recapitalizingimodernizing CTCS and investing in TADSS round out the Army s new strategic opportunities The Army must base both DES and training programs on the SAT with well defined and measurable standards STRATEGIC CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS E848 The Panel compiled and analyzed data from more than 13 500 leaders using comprehensive surveys focus group interviews personal interviews and independent research This work led to a number of strategic conclusions An outline and summary of the strategic conclusions and recommendations follows Training and Army Culture DES Training SAT Leader Development Service Ethic Quality Training Doctrine Training and Skills and Families Relevance Home Station Educational Characteristics Operational Pace Faculty Training Products Retention Accreditation Training Aids SUPPDH Lifelong Learning Devices Structure St at Micromanagement 8 user an at Professronal imua Ions an Self-Development OER Military Simulators Officer Personnel Education Combat Training Distance Learning Management Centers Tranung and Leader Mentoring Development Model Management Process WW ES-T l Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers ARMY CULTURE ES lg Army Culture is out of balance There is friction between Army beliefs and practices Over time that friction threatens readiness Training is not done to standard leader development in operational assignments is limited and does not meet officer expectations and officers and their Wurst-pr families elect to leave the service early Elna Dur Army lCulture ts outside the Band of Tolerance Army Culture is healthy when there is 3 33 demonstrated trust that stated beliefs equate to actual practices Such a balance is vital to the health of the profession of arms and to Beliefs the Nation it serves Officers understand that there always exists a level of imperfection caused by normal friction between beliefs and practices This is the Band of Tolerance However officers expressed the strong and passionate feeling that Anny Culture is outside this Band of Tolerance and should be addressed immediately The Army must narrow the gap between beliefs and practices It must gain and sustain itself within the Band of Tolerance Practices ES-2U The rst step in improving training and leader development is to recognize that the Army Culture has a direct impact on both of them In re cstablishing balance leaders must clearly understand that Army Culture is an interwoven mixture of interdependent systems characterized by beliefs and practices Changes in one system have second and third-order effects on other systems and ultimately on how balance is achieved and maintained ARMY CULTURE CONCLUSIONS The Panel reached conclusions on the following aspects of Army Culture the Army Service Ethic operational pace retention micromanagcment the Officer Evaluation Report personnel management versus leader development and mentoring THE ARMY SERVICE ETHIC The field demonstrated strong support for the underpinnings of an Army Service Ethic pride in their profession commitment to the Army and its values belief in the essential purposes of the military and patriotism However the Army s Service Ethic and concepts of Officership are neither well understotnl nor clearly defined They are also not adequately reinforced throughout an officer s career ERATIONAL PACE Excessive operational pace is a major source of the degradation in the quality of training and leader development It reduces the quality of operational and educational experiences adversely affecting leader development It is detrimental to readiness leader development and officer job satisfaction leads to micromanagement and is a major reason for attrition among all cohorts RETENTION Retention is a significant issue across three officer cohorts lieutenants captains and majors lieutenant colonels and colonels This is a result of a perceived lack of commitment from the Army limitations on spouse employment a perceived imbalance between Army expectations and the family the lack of work predictability and only limited control over assignments An excessive operational pace unmet leader development Executive Summary expectations and Army family considerations are major influences on career decisions Officers do not perceive a commensurate commitment from the Army to them anti their families despite their belief that the Army expects a high degree of commitment from them Officers want predictability stability and more control over their assignments Officer spouse comments were consistent with those of their husbandfwife Spouses expressed the same commitment to an Army Service Ethic as their husbandi wife Fletention Issues as Not meeting junior of cers Do not perceive reasonable Do not feel valued for their expectations to lead soldiers assurance of a successful career experience and expertise Need stability for their families MICROMANAGEMENT has become part of the Army Culture There is a growing perception that lack 0f trust stems from the leader s desire to be invulnerable to criticism and blocks the opportunity for subordinates to learn through leadership experience This climate is in part a direct result of the rank imbalance at company grade level Many of cers have not been properly developed at their current level or position before they are moved to a higher position for which they have been neither educated nor trained lnexperienced officers a high operational pace and associated high standards of achievement encourage senior of cers to be more directive in their leadership and less tolerant of mistakes These practices impact directly on retention and leader development THE OFFICER EVALUATION REPORT as ze The OER is a source of mistrust and anxiety The OER has two fundamental purposes provide for leader development and support personnel management The OER is not yet meeting officer expectations as a leader development tool The leader development aspects of the OER are seldom used and senior raters seldom counsel subordinates Selection boards clearly indicate that the OER is giving them what they need to sort through a very high quality officer population and select those with the greatest potential to lead soldiers They are confident that the trend for selection will continue with even better results as the OER matures However despite recent high promotion rates 98% to captain and 92% to major and three years experience with the current OER there is considerable anxiety in the force over the evaluation system Field feedback indicates that officers are concerned about the impact of a center of mass rating on career progression Of cers believe the forced distribution system causes senior raters to pool officers and rate by position They see the term center of mass as negative and believe that a center of mass OER in a branch qualifying position is career ending Many junior officers simply do not trust the system or what their leaders are telling them about the OER PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT VERSUS LEADER DEVELOPMENT Assignment requirements instead of individual leader development needs drive of cer personnel management DA Pam 500-3 0568f Development and Career Management focuses on career gates rather than the quality of developmental experiences Assignment of cers make assignments based on quotas to fill spaces rather than leader development The Army assignments system is driven by requirements to ll spaces rather than quality leader development Officers and field commanders have little say in the current process ES-Q Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers ES-29 Officers believe mentoring is important for both personal and professional development yet a majority of officers report not having mentors The Army s mentoring definition and doctrine need revising Of cers would like to see a greater emphasis on mentoring but do not want formal directed programs ARMY CULTURE RECOMMENDATIONS Capitalize on the strong commitment of Army officers and their spouses for service to the Nation and the Army Define and teach an Army Service Ethic and Of cership throughout OES from Officer Basic Course OBC through the War College with special emphasis in the DEC and Captains Career Course FOCUS on of cers personal and professional expectations from their experiences and contribute to a common Army understanding of what it means to serve ES-3 1 Conduct a complete review of all Army systems to determine which ones demonstrate that the Army is not equally committed to its soldiers-either in actuality or perceptions and develop an action plan to attack these issues ES-32 Reduce the operational pace which helps address micromanagement and facilitates establishing the conditions for effective leader development Incorporate the following requirements into the ENS DA Training Guidance and AR 350- Re establish discipline in the training management process by locking in training schedules in accordance with published Army doctrine This assists in protecting quality time for soldiers and their families in unit assignments and protects weekends and planned holidays from routine garrison training activities for the active component force Eliminate nonmission related compliance training in AR 3504i Units and other Dew and MACDM-level documents - Protect weekends from routine garrison training and staff activities in active component TOE and TDA units and MACOM and Army staffs Require the first General Of cer in the chain of command to approve exceptions Schedule four day weekends in conjunction with national holidays to demonstrate through policy the Army s commitment to quality family time Establish DA and MACOM policies and procedures that vest validation of internal and external taskers 10 subordinate commands in one staff agency Ensure taskers are valid within the unit s capabilities and prescribed noti cation times to enforce adherence to the Army training management process Address officer retention in the three cohorts Will Else 0 Protect junior officers initial experiences ensure adequate time in jobs with associated Provide imam with Place value on service quality resident intermediate Provide stability and level education based on OPMS educational incentives to criteria-based quality 10b XXI retirement-eligible of cers experiences Requn e Major General approval to assign Eliminate CGSOC lieutenants above brigade educational opportunity as a Provide training in the discriminator Institution through distance Eliminate CGSOC selection learning for lieutenants selected board starting with Academic to fill captain staff positions Year 33-04 Resourre Commitment to Spouses and Families Executive Summary Continue to work Well Being Task Force and Army Family Action Plan issues to restore the officers trust that the Army is committed to them and their families Proactively and frequently communicate to the field the Army's efforts to improve these quality of life areas lConduct a review of the OER this year to examine its leader development aspects the terms above center of mass and center of mass and the counseling and forced distribution requirements Involve the field in the review Find effective multiple iterative active ways of communicating with the Army about selection rates of officers with center of mass ratings for major lieutenant colonel battalion and brigade command and colonel Reinforce the leader development aspects of the DER to increase communications between junior and senior officers Revise DA PAM 600 3 Commissioned O ieer Development and Career Management In focus on growing leaders and providing quality educational and operational experiences rather than time-driven check- thc bloek career mapping Revise the assignment process to give the chain of command more influence on when to reassign junior officers Permit the chain of command to retain junior officers in critical developmental jobs until they gain quality leader experiences or prove they are not able to meet the standard Align captain requirements with authorizations Review captain positions for conversion to lieutenant Review the use of senior NCOS and Warrant Officers as Limited Duty Officers to ll captain staff positions or nominative assignments Validate requirements based on DA FY DI authorized end strength and priorities Provide lieutenants serving in captain staff positions the standards for those positions tools to assess their knowledge and a reachback capability to the institution where they can receive the educational experience needed by distance or distributed learning Establish qualitative standards for branch qualification at lieutenant captain and major based on operational experiences not just on the number of months assigned E8537 Publish the revised definition of mentoring and develop doctrine for mentoring in PM 6 22 22-100 Army Leadership Teach it throughout DES so junior of cers understand what mentoring is and how they should be mentored and field grade of cers understand how they should be mentoring junior officers Place emphasis in Pre Comrnand Courses so future battalion and brigade cemmanders understand Army doctrine their role in mentoring and the expectations of officers they will mentor OFFICER EDUCATION SYSTEM Over the past ten years the institutional training and education system has attempted to remain relevant to the Operational Environment But the basic structure and methods within the DES have not appreciably changed DES also suffers from a lack of resources to provide quality educational experiences DES must adapt to meet the emerging requirements of full spectrum operations and the transforming Army It must develop standards and expectations for each course assess performance against the standards and provide feedback OFFICER EDUCATION SYSTEM CONCLUSIONS The quality and relevance of DES instruction from DEC through does not meet the expectations of many officers The DES sufficiently teaches branch technical and tactical skills but combat support and combat service support officers are not adequately taught the basic combat skills necessary to lead and protect their units in full spectrum operations DES does not satisfactorily train officers in combined arms skills or support the bonding cohesion and rapid teaming required in full spectrum operations With the increasing emphasis the Army places on battle command in war it must add stability operations and support operations to DES The increasing importance of self aware and adaptive leaders in full spectrum operations requires DES to educate officers on these qualities The Army misses shared training opportunities in education because the Officer Noncommissioned Officer and Warrant Officer Education Systems are stovepiped and not interrelated The Army s most experienced instructors teach the most experienced students Senior Service College while less experienced instructors teach the least experienced students cg DEC DES lacks the 55-1 1 Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers courses required to teach of cers the skills they require in many of the OPMS XXI functional areas and does not adequately teach digital operations DES Linkage The Army must link DES from OBC through Senior Service College SSC and inculcate Army Culture Service Ethic Commitment Officership and Warrior Ethos Shared Training The Army misses out on shared training The Army's traditional teaching methodology does not adequately prepare lieutenants to work with platoon sergeants and captains when they initially arrive at their first unit Signi cant leadership experiences in NCOES CBC and are usually conducted in peer groups Of cers and NCOS come to TRADOC schools expecting to learn how to lead and win in combat Instead they often sit in classes where their time is crammed with knowledge level classroom instruction in weapons and tactics Knowledge level low level of learning instruction is required but this instruction alone cannot grow self aware and adaptive leaders The Army must develop battle focused execution based education and training to complement the small group instruction methodology for learning E342 CGSOC Selection Policy Current CGSOC selection policy makes education a discriminator particularly for the 50% of officers who do not receive resident education to prepare them for their duties and responsibilities OPMS XXI and full spectrum operations demand that all officers receive the benefit of an Intermediate Level Educational ILE opportunity to develop their talent for their next ten years of service E343 0E5 Accreditation There is no comprehensive Army OES accreditation process to measure Faculty Verification of selecting assigning and certifying Curricula Assessment to ensure attaining of curricula purpose and end states updating curricula and UESINCUESIWOES - Facilities-Assessment of physical plant infrastructure training areas and improved simulations to simulate the Operational Environment in conjunction with resident live virtual and constructive training in accordance with established standards Students Assess diagrroslic and post instructional exams remedial training and 360-degree assessments ES-44J oint Professional Military Education J PM E Army of cers graduating from JPME II and serving in joint billets agree the education effectively prepared them for joint and multinational assignments They believe attendance at JPME II is important for their job success but throughput at the Armed Forces Staff College limits the numbers that can attend Officers who had to wait one or more years or who did not attend JPME ll while assigned in ajoint billet felt strongly that IPME I would have significantly improved their initial performance JCS Military Education Division indicates there is a JPME It training backlog of 2 500 officers for 9 066 joint positions because the Armed Forces Staff College only conducts three courses per year with 300 students each session OFFICER EDUCATION SYSTEM RECOMMENDATIONS Develop an OES model for full spectrum operations that links OES from OBC through SSC and teaches the Army Service Ethic particularly in the DEC and ICC This OES model transforms 013C ICC and Level Education ILE The revised DES produces bonding rapid team building cohesion and trust in cohorts functional area expertise for 0PMS XXI leaders and leaders who are adept at digital operations Speci c course objectives are OBC Develop and implement a new twovphased OBC for lieutenants First phase is an initial course that provides basic small unit combat training to all lieutenants at a central location This course focuses on establishing a common Anny standard for small unit ghting and leadership teaching common platoon leader skills and Of cership providing opportunities for hands-on performance oriented eld training and providing opportunities for lieutenants to train with NCOS and captains as part of a combined arms team conducting full spectrum operations During the second phase of the new OBC proponent schools provide lieutenants with training on platoon level branch speci c technical and tactical skills 2 Executive Summary The end state of the new DEC Lieutenants who have a common bond with their combined arms peers are technically and tactically proficient small unit leaders and are ready to assume leadership positions in the transforming Army and implement a new The new provides con'ibined arms training to all captains This course focuses on establishing a common Army standard for fighting leading and training combined arms units teaching common con'ipany command skills and Of cership teaching battalion and brigade-level combined arms battle captain skills providing opportunities for hands on perforn'iance oriented field and simulation training and providing opportunities for captains to train with lieutenants and NCOS as part of a combined arms team conducting full spectrum operations The new must also provide captains with lraining on company level branch speci c technical and tactical skills I The end state of the new ready to be successful company commanders and battle captains who can plan prepare execute and assess combined arms operations and training at the company battalion and brigade level 1- ILE Provide all majors with a quality resident ILE based on OPMS XXI giving them a common core of Army operational instruction and career field branch or functional area training tailored to prepare them for their future service in the Amity This is required by the demands of full spectrum operations and DPMS XXI ILE for all majors meets that requirement by developing the talent in the officer corps and tailoring their education for their 10th through EUth years of service It also ends education opportunities as a discriminator for branch qualification promotion and command selection With ll F all majors receive the same common core instruction that re greens them on Army wartighting doctrine Following the common core educational opporlunities are tailored to the officers career field and functional area Functional area officers in the three nonoperations career fields receive additional functional area specific training qualification course Advanced Civil Schooling ACS and Training With Industry Operations Career Field CECE officers will attend the Advanced Operations and Wartighting Course that will give them a graduate level education in tactical war ghting and prepare them for combat command The end state of ILE Majors with a common knowledge of division corps and joint operations and who possess a better understanding of their career field's contribution to Field grade officers who have the technical tactical and leadership skills required to be successful in their career field branch andfor functional area 0 Coordinate scheduling of courses in Ara-1y Training Resources and Requirements System ATRRS to facilitate shared training events between DES NCOES and WDES The goal is lo periodically combine lieutenants warrant of cers and sergeants from ANCUC and BNCUC to train adaptive leadership skills in a realistic unit environment and build self confidence during the educational experience This challenges the students by providing them with the kind of leadership experience needed to lead forces after graduation and provides them the educational experience more effective by group interaction - Embed digital C2 training in new DES courses Implement an Institutional Digital Education Plan Change the faculty selection and assignment strategy to ensure the best qualified most experienced instructors former battalion commanders are used throughout DES and focused on providing the least experienced students a quality educational experience i Establish a comprehensive Anny DES military accreditation process to maintain academic standards over time in four areas faculty curricula facilities and students i Develop a web based feedback system from Army DES schools to units to maintain relevancy with the field i Increase the opportunity for officers to become JPME 11 certified prior to serving in a joint or combined billet by seeking legislative authority to conduct JPME II at the and Army War College ES-I 3 Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers TRAINING res 46 Nonmission taskings an excessive operational pace and shortage of training resources make it harder and harder to execute home station training in accordance with Army training doctrine Beyond the day tovday consequences of missed training opportunities there is a long term impact on leader development when junior officers become battalion and brigade commanders Many do not know or understand what right looks like and may not fully understand the principles of planning preparing executing and assessing training and then retraining to standard The principles and processes of current training doctrine are sound but the Army must adapt them to the Operational Environment for TOE and TDA units The same modernization effort driving the Army s Transformation must also drive the development of TADSS Many units conduct home station training with modernized weapons and command and control systems using TADSS that are outdated and do not adequately model Army system behaviors and characteristics Many units have weapons and command and control systems with no associated TADSS A bright spot in training is the operational and leader development experience the CTCS provide to soldiers their leaders and units The Panel found that the Army must sustain the CTCS but to do so requires their recapitalization and modernization TRAINING CONCLUSIONS TRAINING DOCTRINE E347 Training doctrine requires adapting to accommodate multiple asymmetric and unpredictable threats the Operational Environment full spectrum operations war ghting stability operations and support operations joint and combined operations and battle staff training It should include the fundamentally sound principles from current doctrine and the best practices in use today to meet the requirements of the future HOM STATION TRAINING E548 Home station training is often not conducted to standard because of an undisciplined application of Army training doctrine exacerbated by an excessive operational pace resource shortages and nonmission training requirements TRAINING AIDS DEVICES SIMULATORS AND SIMULATIONS E349 TADSS are outdated or nonexistent Many TADSS do not adequately model the behavior or characteristics of Army systems The Army often elds new systems without TADSS There is no live-Virtual- constructive training strategy as part of an Army Training Strategy that sets priorities and allocates resources in the Program Objective Memorandum Leaders lack a clear understanding of the role simulations and simulators could play in their training programs COMBAT TRAINING CENTERS Officers widely accept the CTCS for their training and leader development experience The CTCS require recapitalization and modernization to remain relevant TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS TRAINING DOCTRINE l Rewrite FM 25 100 Training rhe Force and FM 7 10 25-1 Barrie Focused Training to adapt to full spectrum operations Consider training management tools developed to meet training requirements in today s environment Link both to operational 3 0 100 5 Operations and leader development FM 6-22 22 1 Army doctrine Es-14 1 Executive Summary HOME STATION TRAINING ES-52 Incorporate the following requirements into the Training Guidance and Army Regulation 350 Army Traimhg- Give more training time to company commanders and platoon leaders by providing more discretionary training opportunities Return to a bottom up versus top down approach to training management Develop and establish a set of Army standards that serves as the baseline requirement for stability operations and support operations Train on war ghting METL tasks unless ordered to change to stability operations or support operations tasks by the Corps Commander Direct units to conduct stability operations or support operations training not more than 90 days prior to deployment for active component and 390 days for reserve component forces and adjust war ghung readiness reporting requirements during this period Require redeployment and reintegration from stability operations or support operations take ZTO days for active and reserve component forces and adjust unit readiness reporting during this recovery period Place responsibility for pre-and post-deployment training with MACOM commanders using their own resources to help reduce the Army s operational pace Direct FORSCOM to conduct stability operations and support operations training using home station resources and USAREUR to continue with the CMTC model ES-53 Resource base operations to minimize borrowed military manpower TRAINING AIDS DEVICES SIMULATORS AND SIMULATIONS Fund and eld training support packages to support war ghting integration as part of each new system elding Upgrade TADSS when the operational system is upgraded Direct Program Managers to enforce fielding of all new systems with their corresponding TADSS E555 Direct MACDM commanders to develop prioritized requirements for live-virtital-constructive training in their theaters this input into an Army Training Strategy and resource the strategy in the Program Objective Memorandum Recapitalize legacy system and non-system TADSS to keep pace with force modernization Do not eld systems without associated TADSS TADSS must complement system upgrades ES-ST Field the Combined Arms Tactical Trainer family of virtual systems ES-SS Field simulation and simulators to enable effective aviation home station and institutional training These include the Aviation Combat Tactical Trainer a Tactical Engagement Simulation System TESS for the Combat Mission Simulator and Flight Simulator Fund CBS to maintain relevance to the training audience until WARSIM reaches full operational capability Continue development of WARSIM to meet IDC and FCC schedules Continue development and elding of ONESAF to increase simulation training realism and reduce training operational tempo as-su Continue the investment strategy for MILES 2000 to replace aging MILES I systems COMBAT TRAINING CENTERS Recapitalize modernize staff and resource the CTCS to provide full spectrum multiechelon combined arms operational and leader development experience in all types of environments across the full spectrum of conflict ES-62 elding of ABCS to the CTCs in the Army Digitization Master Plan to enable effective training of digital units by CTC Operations Groups muse-outer- tie-1 5 1 1 D1797 Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Of cers ES-63 Conduct a review of Operations Group missions tables of distribution and allowances organization equipment doctrine and tactics techniques and procedures at each OTC to validate requirements to continue training the legacy forces while also training the Initial Brigade Combat Team and Interim Division brigades and battalions ES-64 Conduct a review of GTE baseline troop lists for each CTC Determine what the Army can and should OC starting with division then corps and echelons above corps Resource CTC OC authorizations to fully support revised baseline troop lists Provide BCTP Operations Groups A and with additional 0C5 to cover each of the seven BOS within a brigade HQ during a division WFX to increase assessment and feedback SYSTEMS APPROACH TO TRAINING ES-oo The SAT process is fundamentally sound but not executed well TRADOC is not providing the Anny with up to date training and educational products due to a severe lack of training development resources These products are the foundation for standards based training and leader developtnenl The result is a seriously eroded foundation for building solid standards based training and leader development programs in the Army SYSTEMS APPROACH TO TRAINING CONCLUSIONS ES ti'r' TRADOC is not updating or developing training and education products fast enough to support legacy and transformation forces Training expertise has gradually moved over time from the proponent schools and centers to the CTCS Soldier Training Publications Mission Training Plans MTP and Training Support Products TSP that provide the foundation for standards based training and leader developtnenl are not being updated rapidly enough to support Army needs Many are obsolete or do not exist The force is evolving faster than the institutional training base can provide up to-date training and educational products Army of Excellence products-mostly obsolete Limited Conversion Division-do not exist Force products lin'tited lnitial Brigade Combat Team products in initial development ES-TD Other than the TRADOC Common Core the Army lacks con'tprehensive officer performance standards by branch functional area and rank for commissioned of cers The lack of officer standards impacts leader development Standards are the basis for assesstnents feedback and corrective action The Art'ny is a standards- based organisation and yet it has little in the way of objective criten'a with which to assess officer performance SYSTEMS APPROACH TO TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS ES r'l Reinforce the importance of standards based training in accordance with FM 25 100 Training the Force and FM 7-10 2540 Barrie Focused Enforce the SAT process in accordance with TRADOC Regulation 350-70 Approach r0 Management Processes and Products Redesign the SAT development and support structure to leverage the subject matter expertise in the CTCS for training and doctrine development Reallocate sotne training developers and doctrine writers and place them OPCON to CTC Operations Group These training developers and doctrine writers will develop write publish and update training and doctrine while the Operations Groups provide the subject matter experts to review their work Prioritize efforts and resources First to IBCT then to FXXI and LCD then to AOE legacy forces Prioritize this effort to publish battalion training products required to support the directive to conduct an external ARTEP for every divisional battalion in FY 02 ES-I 6 Executive Summary CTC Publication Responsibility ADE FXXI Corps and Division and IDIV NTC ADE Heavy FXXI Brigade and Battalion soe Light IBCT CMTC Limited Conversion Division Brigade Battalion self development Proponency ES-TS Leverage experience of Title XI officers and NCOS in developing STP MTP and TSP in conjunction with Forces Command PORSCOM and United States Army Pacific USARPAC Invest in and exploit network technology to develop a more streamlined and effective SAT process where training and doctrine publications are web-based and updated as the lessons learned from the CTCs are validated Expand the capabilities of the GEN Dennis J Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library as a web- based SAT resource TRAINING AND LEADER DEVELOPMENT Army training and leader development programs do not develop self-aware and adaptive leaders The lack of a single proponent for training and leader development divides attention and resources between these two key programs and results in their competing for resources The Army s current leader development model is outdated The Army has no balanced integrated and progressive training and leader development model that shows how it thinks about training and leader development It has no process to periodically assess and provide feedback on the components of training and leader development that leads to decisions for establishing priorities and allocating resources to sustain or improve them The Anny as a learning organization needs leaders that value lifelong learning through a balance of educational and operational experiences rounded out by TRAINING AND LEADER DEVELOPMENT CONCLUSIONS Currently the proponency for training and leader development is vested in separate staff elements at DA level The Deputy Chief of Staff Operations is responsible for matters relating to training and the Deputy Chief of Staff Personnel is responsible for matters relating to leader development The lack of a single proponent for training and leader development results in policy and resourcing of these two key imperatives There is no funding line for leader development in the POM and leader development currently tends to compete poorly for funding against other training priorities If training and leader development are to be fully linked the responsibility for both should rest with a single proponent on the DA Staff Lifelong Learning Learning organizations support self awareness and adaptability Lifelorti r learning requires standards tools for assesstnent feedback and self-development Part of Army Culture should be the commitment by its leaders to lifelong learning This is done by balancing educational and operational experiences and by emphasizing self-development to fill the gaps in knowledge that educational and operational experiences do not provide To be a learning organization the Army must develop fund and maintain an Armywidc Warrior Development Center using information technology This will allow soldiers leaders and units to find standards training and educational publications assessment and feedback tools and access to distance and distributed learning programs for self-development and lifelong learning ES-TB Self-development enables officers to gain knowledge not learned from educational and operational experiences Most officers understand the importance and role of self development in lifelong learning Army Training and Leader Development Panel Fleport Officers However Army training and leadership doctrine does not adequately address it the Army leaders do not emphasize its value and the Army does not provide the tools and support to enable its leaders to make self development an effective component of lifelong learning Self development requires feedback on performance from AARs mentors counseling 36D degree feedback etc Many perceive self development merely as a way to cut costs associated with schooling rather than accepting the potential of self-development as a means toward lifelong learning Self-development should be the foundation of a professional s lifelong learning process by effectively linking operational and educational experiences with the tools to fill knowledge gaps ES-TQ Distance learning is the technological means to provide self-development tools to the officer corps It can also be used to distribute educational experiences from the school to the field The Army has not yet convinced the officer corps of the benefits of distance learning Officers believe distance learning increases their workload and decreases what little personal time they have They are concerned that it prevents them from coming together as a cohort takes away the opportunity to interact with their peers in resident courses replaces small group instruction and takes away the respite from the operational pace Army schools provide Distance learning is acceptable in the field for selfldirected self developmenL Training And Leader Development Model E350 The Panel identified the components of a training and leader development tnodel in this report They are Army Culture standards feedback experience education self-development and training The model porlrays these components and a guiding set of principles with which to train soldiers and grow leaders through training and leader development programs that are inextricably linked When the model is followed the product is a self aware and adaptive leader The current leader development model does not include training and lacks an assessment and feedback mechanism Management Process l The Army has no established mechanism to continually assess and obtain feedback on its training and leader development programs Instead it reacts to change by periodically engaging in Armywide reviews of training education and leader development A management process is necessary to assess and obtain feedback on the components of training and leader development programs in the Army This process should regularly update the CSA on training and leader development issues to obtain decisions and set priorities for allocating resources in the POM TRAINING AND LEADER DEVELOPMENT RECOMMENDATIONS Proponency Eli 82 Establish a single Army proponent for training and leader development to improve the linkage between training and leader development policy and resourcing Lifelong Learning ES-SS Provide the doctrine tools and support to foster lifelong learning in the Army through balanced educational and operational experiences supported by self development Develop fund and maintain an Armywide Warrior Development Center using information technology where soldiers units and leaders can go to find standards training and education publications assessment and feedback tools and access distance and distributed learning programs for self development and lifelong learning Expand as an example the capabilities of the GEN Dennis J Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library Develop publish in digital form and maintain commissioned officer performance standards by branch functional area and rank These standards will inform the officer corps about what they should know and provide the basis for personal assessment that leads to self awareness and adaptability ES-IB Executive Summary Prioritize efforts and resources to deliver the most important training and educational publications in the following order Farce XXI Limited Conversion Division LCD and Army of Excellence AGE units Accept risk with ADE units I Communicate the benefits of distance learning as part of the lifelong learning process integrate distance learning in the active component deliberately building on the distance learning successes of the reserve components Emphasize the value of lifelong learning It Focus distance learning on self-directed self-development I Resource distance learning in the active component to provide reachback capability to lieutenants assigned to fill captain staff positions This provides lieutenants access to web-based self-development modules to accelerate and enhance their ability to meet the requirements of these assignments 0 Publish a definition of and doctrine for self-development in PM 5-22 22 100 Army and incorporate in FM FM 25400 Trerirriog the Force FM 7-10 25 101 Bertie Focused Training AR 600-100 Army Leadership AR 609-3 Commr ssroned O icer Development and Career Management and DA PAM 350-53 Leader Development for Americas Army Teach self development doctrine an awareness and understanding of the tools to enable self development and the expectation for selfr development in 0 Provide support to officers pursuing self-development and gradually introduce a 360 degt ee feedback strategy starting in DES and then expanding to the field Training And Leader Development Model L s-84 Adopt the Panel s proposed Training and Leader Development model It is a balanced integrated and progressive training and leader development model that assures full spectrum capability The model shows the components of Army training and leader development programs the process and the products that link training and leader Army Training at Leader Development Model sci More Ann T'e no J Head loadable Leaders ave For The he or Educate development into a single entity An assessment and feedback process enables the Army to examine the components of its training and leader development processes and determine which must be adjusted establish priorities and allocate resources to its training and leader development progratns to continue producing self-aware and adaptive leaders and trained and Ill' 'l l'illn Grow Leaders Hence anoEnaio-ai Feedback LeadersUt-ns Army Standard 5am Leno-M and um Culture Mission-Focused DoctrinalIy-Based Pe mmanoe-Elrienl d 'Train As You Fight Leader A5 Primary Trainer Know Yourself Llelong Leaning Hunters-hip 'i'Je'rior has 'i-re ues Eh Lear-co ready units The model s components are described below Army Culture The Army can have adequate training and leader development programs but if its beliefs and practices are out of balance leaders leave the Army rendering training and leader development programs less effective Officers are firmly and deeply committed to the concept of an Army Service Ethic They are motivated by service to the country and recognize the essential nature of sel ess service as a foundation of the profession They embrace a Warrior Ethos the Army Values and lifelong learning These cultural issues must remain in balance for the Army to get the greatest return on its investment in training and leader development programs ES-1 9 1 Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers Standards 133-86 The Panel found that outdated standards for legacy forces a lack of standards for some units such as the Limited Conversion Divisions and a shortage of standards for others such as FXXI Divisions and Corps inhibits standards-based training and leader development programs for education unit training and self- development Feedback E5187 The Army s training doctrine has feedback as part of the training management process Assess training against measurable standards and feed this assessment back into the training program to sustain those tasks trained to standard and improve those where the standard was not met For units the AAR process provides this feedback mechanism For leaders there is no feedback mechanism and as the Army demonstrates by its periodic Armywide reviews of training education and leader development it has no mechanism to continually assess evaluate and obtain feedback on the status of the components that make up its training and leader development programs The Army must address leader and Army feedback systems in its model Balancing Field And Institutional Experience A balance between operational and educational experiences provides the best method to train soldiers and grow leaders These experiences must be and mutually supporting Self-development facilitated by distance learning technology standards and feedback fills the knowledge gaps between educational and operational experiences It is the key to lifelong learning Self-development Eli-89 Educational and operational experiences cannot provide officers all the knowledge they need to be self aware and adaptive leaders Self development is essential to lifelong learning and provides the training and education operational and educational experiences cannot supply TRAINING AND LEADER DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES The Army is doctrine based Through strict adherence to this doctrine diverse units worldwide can share a common understanding - Focused of its application A key aspect of this doctrine is the principles on Doctrinally Based which it is founded Selected enduring principles of PM 7 0 25 a Performance Oriented 100 Training as Force and FM 226 22-100 Army Train as You Fight must be interwoven to adapt training and leader development to meet Leader as Primary Trainer the requirements of full spectrum operations - Know Yourself - Lifelong Leaming Mentorship Mission Focused Nonmission requirements impact not only a unit s ability to accomplish training in accordance with the Army s training doctrine but also junior leader development Resource shortages time ranges people etc-also affect the leader s ability to effectively execute unit training Everything the Army does must be mission focused to do anything else distracts from mission accomplishment Doctrinally Based Operational Training and Leadership doctrine provides a common operating framework and language for soldiers leaders and units throughout the Army They must be adapted to the operating environment and linked to each other Performance Oriented Soldiers learn through doing Performance-oriented training has the highest knowledge retention rate among the adult learning techniques Both training and leader development programs must be focused to provide the chances to grow through a balanced approach of operational and institutional hands-on experiences ES-20 Executive Summary Train as You Fight This principle has been validated by the Combat Training centers Soldiers in operations such as Desert Shield attributed their success in actual combat operations to training for combat through the rigorous operational experience of the CTC Leaders as Primary Trainers Leaders are responsible for planning training preparing executing assessing and feeding back the results to their units and soldiers Their personal participation in each step is essential as they set the azimuth for their units accomplishments to the standards the Army has set Leaders must be present for training Know Yourself Self aware and adaptive leaders are the basis for success in full spectrum operations The relationship between self awareness and adaptability is symbiotic The greater self awareness gained by assessment against measurable standards the more adaptive the leader Through a commitment to lifelong learning enabled by self development leaders can narrow the knowledge gaps not provided through educational and operational experiences Lifelong Learning Part of the Army's Culture should be the commitment by its leaders to lifelong learning Learning organizations support self awareness and adaptability Lifelong learning requires standards tools for assessment feedback and self development Mentarship Mentoring enables senior leaders to train and educate officers Mentoring is not a formal program but part of the stock and trade of the soldie1 s profession It focuses on the art of leadership l Trained and ready forces led by self aware adaptive leaders are the end state of the model The model combines Army Culture standards feedback and operational and educational experiences through operational assignments schooling and self development to achieve that end The model constantly measures itself against embedded training and leader development principles ESTABLISH AN ARMY TRAINING AND LEADER DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PROCESS E3492 Establish an Army Training and Leader Development Management Process to 7f Facilitate better assessment and feedback of training and leader development issues and initiatives through the Army s Transformation Brief the CSA regularly on training and leader development issues to obtain decisions set priorities and allocate resources in the Program Planning Budget and Execution System Army Training 8 Leader Development Management Process I LD Accept I Illul 2 Issues 2 if Clo-sud Ir 0 follectiun I TOP DOWNllcu'I-Praacllve ISSUE W3 ruinmg to Luau YES 1 ID angular Euthg ty In Training a Ina Leader DevelopmentEsecutlve tanner and MACUML HOTTONI UP DCIT-W I DC CBIE - tin-clot- l'l't HI 4 Form team ellulJllul It on an Issues Elle Item fun rront Study Ill intrin -larCBA qulrlitly dictlla l fum Aging-g Irn concept oDrattreeammendatlon POM Incsops -Directedtunaing campam d e ss intdurpatretluuer LgadqrreaervatLeaderrleu Fund ng 9 at End otyear_ 5 Cot-minute luau -Hasuure1n im licattens army Training and Tut- 190 I oPrioritize igsuens lent-tar Development ta Decision Forum era 5 int-armed ntissueimpact a 1 Priorities onl 7 5 A -Ensurea It mun anneal-an cs 1 3 Lead I Issues rt are complete Ad miin satuf CSA A car aesops 4 elm was see inpuitmm Deer-w a DC CGSC datlcwesl level w - Fl apart to GSA during update '35 i Closed 5 Propares Issue HO DA Stall Tl Return-d Resolve Lowest Level Army Training and Leader Development Panel Report Officers IMPERATIVES There are 84 recommendations in Chapter 3 Seven areas are imperatives Army leaders must endorse and take action on them if the Army is to make substantial improvement in training and leader development The seven imperatives are listed below ES-94 Army Culture Recognize the strong relationship between Army Culture and the quality of training and leader development programs Army Culture must operate routinely within an acceptable Band of Tolerance for the Army to effectively train soldiers and grow leaders Any change that widens the gap between beliefs and practices in the Army Culture impacts the Army s ability to train soldiers and grow leaders Officer Education System Adapt the OES to meet the needs of the transforming Army and the realities of the Operational Environment Largely untouched since the end of the Cold War and progressively under resourced during downsizing the OBS is out of with Army needs Adapting the DES requires a new approach that focuses each school on a central task and purpose links schools horizontally and vertically in the educational process the educational and operational experiences of officers and educates officers to established common standards ES-96 Training Revitalize the Army training system by updating training doctrine improving home station training and modernizing the CTCs Training doctrine 7-0 25400 #31 ng the Force and FM 7 10 25-10 Battle Focused Training must be adapted to account for the Operational Environment and realities and linked to operational 6143-00006 and leadership Army doctrine In the mean time commanders and units must adhere to existing training doctrine principles and practices to help reduce operational pace The Army must provide commanders with the necessary resources This includes increasing the availability and quality of TADSS to support training Finally the Army must recapitalixe modernize staff and resource the CTCs to provide full spectrum multiechelon combined arms operational and leader development experiences ES-97 Systems Approach to Training Commit to returning to standards-based training Standards-based training has been the strength of Army preparedness since the end of the Vietnam War Standards are the basis for developing training assessing performance and providing feedback Yet the Systems Approach to Training designed to document and publish those training standards has atrophied Without common standards soldier leader and unit readiness-and battlefield success-are in doubt These common standards must be documented accessible and digital 138-98 Training and Leader Development Model Adopt a model that clearly shows how training and leader development are linked The existing leader development model is inadequate A new model must clearly communicate the Army leadership s intent and must be understandable for junior leaders staffs and outside agencies The Panel determined that the model must be based on Army Culture mandate standards for soldiers leaders and units provide feedback to soldiers leaders units and the Army and balance operational and educational experience through education assignments and seltldevelopment The product of the model should be self aware adaptive leaders and trained and ready units The model is meant to be all encompassing with respect to focusing institutional education guiding eld training and advocating self development in a lifelong learning paradigm It should also help the Army develop a mature management process that continually addresses training and leader development issues in a decision making forum for the CSA ES-99 Training and Leader Development Management Process Adopt and institute a management process to facilitate managing change The Army must have a management plan or else risk losing sight of the reasons for change Today the Army has no management system for both training and leader development This management process must be iterative collaborative and comprehensive It must provide issues to the CSA on a recurring basis to measure progress adjust priorities and apply resources Momentum is essential initially this decision forum should meet quarterly with the CSA to build momentum interest and enthusiasm throughout the Army ES-EE snowflake May 29 200l 852 AM TO Charles Abel1 FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Promotions Please take a look at this package and then visit with David Chu and tell me what you two think we ought to do about it Thanks Attach 5 l l O1 General Counsel Memo to SecDef re Promotions DHR dh 052901-S 11-L-0559 OSD 805 GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 1600 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON D C 20301-1600 GENERAL COUNSEL May 11 2001 12 30 PM FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FROM Daniel J Dell’Orto Acting General Counsel SUBJECT Promotions You asked for my views about whether we could reduce the amount of processing officer nomination packages receive between the Services and the Senate Tab A l Promotion laws require that such packages must be submitted through you to the President and by the President to the Senate for most officer promotions l OSD review and assembly of routine nomination packages and non-routine general and flag officer GFO nominations with substantiated adverse information duplicate some aspects of Service nomination review but ensure impartiality and consistency l Since 1988 DOD has been required to inform the Senate Armed Services Committee SASC of adverse information pertaining to GFO nominees Tab B and promulgated guidance for processing nomination packages including those with adverse information l You may permit the Services to forward nomination packages directly to you or the Deputy Secretary by-passing the OSD staff and the President could without further review forward packages to the Senate You and the President would then rely on each Service Secretary to perform the appropriate reviews l Such a procedure eliminates the impartial OSD review which frequently is touted to the SASC as a primary reason that it should rely on the information provided by DOD Also the SASC indicated in 1989 that a procedure that compelled it to conduct substantial reviews would not “be in the interests of the Department” Tab B l I recommend that you discuss this matter with the Acting Under Secretary of Defense Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force for Personnel an who recently served as a SASC staffer and worked changes in OSD nomination processing procedures l Attachments As stated Prepared By James 0 Smyser 614-7676 11-L-0559 OSD 806 snowflake May lo 2001 TO Dan Dell’Orto FROM Donald Rumsfeld 2 25 PM D-l SUBJECT Promotions I am told it takes months for commanders captains rear admirals and admirals to get through the confirmation process The Services spend a long time going through it checking everything then it comes up to OSD and it goes through a process then it goes to the White House and it goes through a process then it goes to the Hill and goes through a process What do you think about having a reform where the Service is the checker and we approve it swiftly and by exception the White House does the same thing and the real responsibility is left with the Senate If they want to hire a lot of people and do all that why not let them DHR dh 051001-19 11-L-0559 OSD 807 F-“ ‘ i”y 4 ’ SAM NUNN GEORGlA CHUMAN - J -ES ExGN NPM SK ’ JOHN W WARNER VIRGINU GIRL LEVIN MICHIGAN STNOM THURMOND solmi CMOUNA LX- M ZENNEDY wswcwsms WllJMM 8 COHEN MUNE JEFF BINGAMAN N lW MEXICO PEI’E WUOK CALIFORNIA AN J DIXON lLllNOl8 JOHN McUN ARIZONA ‘OHN GLENN OR0 MALCOLM WALLOP WYOMING TRT GORE JR TENNESSEE SWE GORTON WASHINGTON IOTW E WINTH coLonADo TnENT LDTr MISSISSWI rCH RD t SHELilY AlADAM DAN COATS INDIANA ROBERT L BYRD- WEST VIWINIA PAlNlCS ‘ ‘ - ‘ ‘ - T i ‘ r ’ -j -_ 1 L ‘- r’ ‘I- - r i ‘ llPnited AnNolD L mJNM0 STAR DlnEcTon states sm py l 2 COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES WASHINGTON DC 206 lo-6060 A TUCXER STAFF DIRECtDG FDR THE MINGGITV SF t July 7 1989 The Honorable Donald J Atwood Deputy Secretary of Defense The Pentagon Washington D C 20301 Dear Mr Secretary This is in response to your letter of June 26 1989 concerning the provision of information to the Armed Services Committee bearing on the fitness of nominees for general and flag officer positions Under the current policy which was initiated on August 17 1988 by Secretary Carlucci the Department informs the Committee when potentially adverse information is known about a nominee This procedure was initiated by Secretary Carlucci as a result of concern expressed by the Committee that a general officer had received a letter of reprimand containing significant allegations of misconduct shortly before his nomination was submitted to the Senate and that the Committee had not been informed of that matter during its consideration of the officer's nomination Secretary Carlucci reviewed this incident and reported to the Committee on September 19 1988 that he was most concerned that the handling of the nomination could be cons$@ered an act of bad faith I am confident that the proc dures I h e been established will safeguard the integrity of the nomi iation process and preclude a recurrence Your letter indicates a concern that the Department might be furnishing information that is trivial and perhaps unfair The Department has not brought to our attention any situation under the policy adopted last year in which the Committee has either declined to recommend confirmation or has taken any other action adverse to a nominee as a result of a Departmental decision to forward information that was trivial and unfair As you and Secretary Cheney well know our Committee is quite sensitive to the need to treat adverse personnel information with discretion and you can be assured that we shall continue to so The alternative to transmittal of adverse information by the Executive Branch would be for the Committee to review all personnel records and investigations that might be pertinent to the nominee a process that would greatly diminish the Committee's capability to process in a timely fashion the substantial numbers of nominees for military positions forwarded by the Executive 11-L-0559 OSD 808 3788 _- 2 Branch I do not think that such a procedure would be in the best interests of the Department To date none of the information that has been brought to the attention of the Committee under the procedure adopted last year has been inconsistent with our original understanding of how this process should operate The Committee will continue to ensure that any and all information provided to the Committee on these nominations is handled with care and discretion I appreciate your taking the time to share your concerns with mel and I hope that you will find this information helpful 11-L-0559 OSD 809 snowflake TO Larry Di Rita A Adm FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE June 9 2001 RE 1 want anyone who does anything around me to be told that I don t want them to use initials that I don t understand I don t want them to use acronyms I don t understand and I want them to date everything 6 2 I have to ask questions about every third piece of paper 1 receive There iS 1 10 reason for that to be the case 57 Dme 5 01 sac Mag Tiet Loom U Aft O L6 CLMKEH 5 Q x MAs Mao A6155 U10729 01 THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFE i sE-“’ ‘ ’ - 3010 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON D C 20301-3010 2jlh’ Ju$ Jyf t “ If 2 -’ INFORMATION MEMO ACQUISITION AND TECHNOLOGY June 2 1 200l 4 30 PM FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FROM UNDER LOGIST F@ ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY SUBJECT ABC News Report on “New Radar Systems” A recent ABC News Report claimed several countries are working on “new radar system” to render the B-2 obsolete l l These systems are a well understood class of radar known as passive coherent location systems PCLS PCLS demonstrate less of a threat to US aircraft than commercially available and widely deployed early warning radars The Air Force has done flight testing with the Lockheed “Silent Sentry” PCLS Testing has shown this system has significantly less detection range and comparable tracking accuracy to widely available early warning radars l Tab A is the press review citing the ABC news report Tab B is the Air Force press release responding to PCLS claims l U COORDINATION None Attachments As Stated Prepared by Lt Co1 Devin Cate OUSD A T DSP 697-1282 11-L-0559 OSD 811 - ’ 1 snowflake 0 June 15 200l lo 12 AM Pete Aldridge FROM Donald Rumsfel SUBJECT Stealth Do you have anything on this article I have circled on stealth Attach 6 l 5101 SIR0 Press Review DHR dh 061501-2 11-L-0559 OSD 812 n 1 SIR0 PRESS REVIEW % i FRIDAY 15 JUNE 2001 UNCLASSIFIED H I G H L I G H T S MIDDLE EAST A Palestinian fired from close range at an Israeli van in 1 the West Bank on Thursday killing an Israeli army intelligence officer jeopardizing a new U S -mediated cease- fire agreement The shooting along a major thoroughfare took place during a schedule meeting between the Palestinian and the Israeli officer a Palestinian security official in the Gaza Strip said on condition of anonymity A soldier in the car then shot and killed the Palestinian the Israeli military said A soldier was wounded in the attack Later that day Palestinians fired several mortar shells at the Jewish settlement of Morag in the Gaza Strip the military said but no one was hurt Israel ordered its army to start easing restrictions on the Palestinians following a security meeting on 13 June in Tel Aviv At the Netzarim junction a major flash point in the Gaza Strip Israeli tanks pulled back about a 100 yards on Thursday then approached again part-way Stone-throwing Palestinian youths pelted Israeli military jeeps Soldiers responded with stun grenades and tear gas No injuries were reported Major General Giora Eiland Israeli Chief of Military Operations said soldiers would begin to lift restrictions by mid-afternoon Friday and Israeli forces would redeploy The plan calls for Israel to pull it forces and heavy weapons back to points they held before the hostilities erupted Eiland said the timetable could be accelerated if the Palestinians work to prevent attacks -AP 14 JUN Ol2 BALKANS Macedonia asked NATO on Thursday to be ready to help it disarm ethnic Albanian rebels if the guerrillas eventually agree to peace terms now on offer Macedonian authorities have also extended a four-day cease-fire Although ruling out Western intervention NATO Chief George Robertson told a news conference that he will be taking the request back to NATO headquarters to see what we can do Robertson supports Macedonian President Trajkovski's peace plan that provides for a system of disarmament and decommissioning The guerrillas meanwhile outlined for the first time their demands for ending the insurgency Wary of the Macedonian government the guerrillas also want the western alliance to get involved asking that NATO troops be deployed throughout the country and demanding an amnesty for their fighters and wide-ranging reforms to improve the status of Albanians Meanwhile Britain said on Thursday it had offered to send training teams to help the Macedonian army but according to the Ministry of Defense the Macedonians had yet to make a direct request for help -REUTERS 14 JUN OlC A P S U INA A six-person team from the con Hainan Island to begin dismantling 3 Navy spy plane U S and Chinese o -AP 14 JUN Ol U S STEALTH China Russia and several European and are working on a new radar system that threatens to render bomber fleet obsolete by making the radar- evading planes ABC's World News Tonight reported on Thursday -REUTERS ding to Reuters the 55-nation Or in Europe has agreed to pay the for its two 1998 -REUTERS 14 JUN Ol- 11-L-0559 OSD 813 U S the stealth B-2 more detectable 14 JUN 01- STATEMENT United States Air Force SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE PUBLIC AFFAIRS 1690 Air Force Pentagon Washington DC 20330-1690 703 695-0640 June14 2001 USAF ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE COHERENT LOCATION SYSTEMS The Department of Defense remains interested in any and all advanced detection techniques to support US military operations around the world The US Air Force has analyzed the capabilities of much talked about passive coherent location systems PCLS to evaluate the practical limitations as well as advantages of passive systems These air defense ‘radars’ use TV radio or cell phone transmitters combined with sensitive receivers to track aircraft Some have characterized them as “counter-stealth” systems A recently published article in the London Daily Times as well as interviews with Lockheed Martin the designer of the Silent Sentry passive tracking system suggest a continuing misunderstanding of the practical applications of such an air defense asset The Air Force participated in testing of Lockheed Martin’s Silent Sentry system at various locations on the east coast using commercial broadcast TV and radio transmitters to assess its ability to develop tracks on military and commercial aircraft As part of these tests an instrumented aircraft with highly precise differential GPS onboard was flown against the PCLS system This aircraft position data was then compared to Silent Sentry tracks The Air Force used this data to validate a model of the PCLS system which accurately matched its true performance This model was then used to compare PCLS in an air defense role to traditional long-range early warning radars The testing and models show the PCLS system has significantly less detection range and comparable tracking accuracy to commercially available and widely deployed early warning radars During testing Silent Sentry created more false tracks than other typical air defense radars The testing did not include jamming or other techniques that could potentially degrade detection performance during military engagements The US Air Force’s early involvement and independent analysis of PCLS successfully demonstrated some limited performance against military and commercial air vehicles As a result of demonstrated performance the Air Force currently has no plans to pursue further development of the Silent Sentry system and does not consider PCLS technology “counter stealth ” -3o- 11-L-0559 OSD 814 snowflake June 25 200l 1 25 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Legacy Systems Let’s get this issue of how we get legacy systems interoperable into the management group Please do it Thanks hc P r Attach 6 l 7 01 Di Rita note to SecDef and 6 l 01 PA E memo to SecDef re Legacy Systems DHR dh 06250 1-23 11-L-0559 OSD 815 snowflake May 21 200l 2 48 PM TO Dov Zakheim cc Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld ’ R SUBJECT Interoperability of Legacy Systems Is there any way to set a deadline for all legacy systems to b’e interoperable with respect to command and control DHR dl' 052101-44 11-L-0559 OSD 816 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFEwrc - c l ‘T’ 1800 DEFENSE PENTAGON PROGRAM ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION INFO MEMO June 1 200l 1 31 PM FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FROM Barry D Watts Director PA E L cqhi h SUBJECT Setting a Deadline for Making Command and Control C2 of Legacy Systems Interoperable l You asked Dr Zakheim whether there is “any way to set a deadline for all legacy systems to be interoperable” with regard to C2 TAB A l A realistic deadline of 2007 or 2008 can be set if two conditions are met 1 interoperability is limited to technically achievable goals e g fielding common data links and tactical radios 2 the acquisition system can enforce migration by the services to interoperable C2 l Enforcement is the pivotal issue in achieving such a deadline l Heretofore our acquisition oversight system has not been able to enforce I@ interoperability across the military services l C31 and AT L have developed new directives that when signed should enable OSD to insist on interoperability certification at acquisition boards l Unless these changes are implemented and interoperability enforced success within any reasonable number of years is doubtful l What might be a realistic deadline for doing such things as fielding common data links and tactical radios and how much might that cost l ASD C31 currently estimates that acquisition oversight changes would require some $570M during FY02-07 of which less than 40% is in the current program l Accelerated acquisition of initiatives such as interoperable tactical radios data links and the Global Command and Control System GCCS would require another $8 4B over FY02-07 of which less than 40% is programmed l If we completed investment in these programs 2008 might be a reasonable deadline for achieving force-wide C2 interoperability 11-L-0559 OSD 817 u10296 101 snowflake April lo 2001 TO cc FROM 7 56 AM Rudy de Leon ipAyL Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT O’Keefe Memo Please take a look at this memo from Sean O’Keefe and tell me which if any of these items you think we ought to start getting implemented and how Thanks Attach l 4 01 Memo from Sean O’Keefe “Transition Agenda Thoughts” DHR dh 041001-23 11-L-0559 OSD 818 SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MEMO 1 February 21 200l snowflake TO Dr Wolfowitz Dr Zakheim Honorable Pete Aldridge Dr Cambone Dr Schneider FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Sean O’Keefe Memo 9 lO AM Attached is a memo that was given to me by Sean O’Keefe last month He has some interesting ideas Why don’t you take a look at it and then we can talk about it Thanks Attachment DHR dh 022101-10 DATE TIME REPLY TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 11-L-0559 OSD 819 Transition Agenda Thoughts Jarlu3ry 4 200l Working Assumptions Leadership is sorely m cd Ptlrsuit 01’ the current n3tional security agenda and strategy is either vacuous or bankrupt Thcrc is no way to maintain the current agenda short of adding $50 billion each year for the foreseeable future which would still result in doing Eess with substantially more resources - nor would this be prudent The current strategy is not in concert with the present national security challcngcs Thus cvcn “fully funding” the current strategy will yield a force and program structure which is expensive but unresponsive to the prcscnt global challenges Strategy review in 2001 It will take time to properly delinc the nltcrn3tivc strategy The Bush-Cheney approach is to spend a good portion of 2001 conducting a seategy and budget review which will be driven “top-down ” Reconciling imbalances between defenw 3nd foreign assist3ncc resources will be only one of the elements 01 the review Within dcfensc the challenge will be to yield 3n 3pproach which re-balances the procurement R D and opercltions budgets across services and agencies To be successful it has to bc led by the Secretary of Defense but conducted by 3 limited cohort of OSD loyalists to assure that it’s focused and timely The earliest completion of this review will contribute to its success - mid-summer 2001 if at all possible Planned QDR is u “non-slarler “ The current plans for the Quadrennial Defense Review are internally driven At best the QDR will incorpomte 3 “service-centric” focus which will yield incrcmcntal known solutions to pending issues At worst it will provide grist to litigate every decision made by the Clinton-Gore team that the institution doesn’t like It is unlikely to yield creative strategy alternatives and may not even prove to be 3n appropriate vchiclc for a point of departure for the Bush-Chency strategy rcvicw Amendment will he firwurded by late spring 2001 Tn order to strike out 3n agenda early in the Bush-Cheney Administration before the comprchcnsivc strategy md budget review is complete a budget amendment for dcfcnsc will be required Throughout the campaign the Bush-Chcney t eam announced its intent to USC this vchiclc to incorporate several key distinguishing features The institution the military servica et 31 intend to lobby for 311 its priorities to be included in such an arnendmcnt Short of well considered guidance this amendmenl could yield a disparate collection of service priorities 11-L-0559 OSD 820 A transition strategy To avoid the institutional forces setting the agenda to preserve options for the more extensive strategy review and ZQ put a stake in lhe ground with ihe spring budget amcndmcnt the following six factors should hc incorporated into the defense transition plan These six elements could form the basis of institutional “guidance” and budget amendment guidelines While the incoming Administration may separately develop progratn or policy initiatives which should bc included in the amcndmcnt the military scrviccs and DOD elements could be restricted to these six areas for issues to include in the upcoming amcndmcnt Six clemcnts of past future orientation The six items represent three areas of focus to signal a clear break with the past strategy framework and three areas which explore potential future parameters for the larrgcr strategy review focus In all casts the results of the institulional consideration will provide the new Administration team with valuable insights into the obstacles in managing the Dcp‘artmcnt towcard new directions Three issue to dcmonstratc a break f om the past Z Recon m 20% ofthe R D budget to C4BR initicltivcs The senior civilian and military leadership have lamented Ihe severe shortage oTC4TSR related resources This approach would force a prioritization of initiatives with a clc‘ar requirement to make choices There should be a clear priority ‘li r commercial appToaches where they exist ‘It could be IcR up to the scrviccs or led by the Chairman to select the C4ISR initiatives and lo OSD 10 decide which elements of the current R D program will be diverted The latter is prcfcrablc and more likely to include hard choices 2J Plan to C ‘ompetitiw y Outsaurcs 25% of’the support astuhlishment It’s cowmody held that competitive ou sourcing will yield 30% savings over current cost performance Yet the Dcpartmcnt is unwilling to pursue thcsc initiatives in earnest for a variety of institutional reasons - most prominent of which is a conviction that the initiative will be endorsed and the savings pocketed before any outsourcing is actually undertaken To break that bias the outsourcina obiectivc should not-include Cul expected sav ipgs trlrgek This will signal the sincerity that the objective is outsourcing and savings will bc an attendant hcncfit Whatcvcr resultant savings accrue can be plowed into the longer term strategy review and potenti ally finance those priorities later 11-L-0559 OSD 821 3 Base l surc lnfr strructura renlignment The senior military lcadcrship has gotten religion that base closure will bc the answer to long term resource prayers No amount of political cajoling however will yield a new closure process Therefore a comprehensive list 01’br se closure candidates should be prepared using lhe existing authority and proccdurcs It’s a long drawn out process which in 1990 forced the Congressional leadership to Ihe negotiating table to find a better more efficient less political m hod Ten years Jater the leverage may work again but it has to begin with a candidate list At minimum this action will demonstrate a willingness to carry the standard and may well reveal the military leadership’s priorities This presents a real opportunity to continue consolidation or common support functions in logistics communications medical and intelligence ‘and adoption of best business practices Threeinili alives to signal Dotential new direction Fund the snahier s IO enhance extant systems The Bush-Cheney team has indicated an interest in “skipping a generation” lo avail new tedhnology in future systems Along the way current systems planned for fielding can incovorate new technology into current systems at minimal COSL A policy which rcquircs including systems such as Link 16 for example into current and new aircraft systems can significantly improve “b c space awareness” and improve connectivily with C4TSR assets Specifically signaling inclusion of such systems in the amendment will immediately yield a list of significant candidates and send a strong message ihal these are the right kind of initiatives to pursue as an interim strategy To be sure this will represent a significant culture and resource change 5 Lleflne mission objectives and iden@ d@wnt asssfs lo uccompkvh rhe tusk Challenge the institution to do zero-based rcvicws and to come up with alternatives to accomplishing tasks without using the current assets to meel the objectives For example precision deep strike rapid deployment and battle space command control missions always yield the answers respcctivciy that cruise missiles long range aircraft forward deployment and reconnaissance aircraI3 are required By challenging the institution to omit current solutions di fferent tiset employment options may emerge to reveal the varied mission utility of B-2 mobile offshore bases and UAVs for example Great care must be exerted in identifying the mission definitions but the results could be illuminating 6 Solicit joinf hnsing cr@ urufions The assessment of infrastructure utility encroachment and cap @ are heavily influenced by service “ownership ” A commitment to advance at least two joint-scrvicc base configurations will yield some creative uses of extant capacity - and might even promote operational jointness in a more meaningful way than merely by well intcntioncd doctrine Including the rcsourccs in the amendment to make two joint operating bases a reality will demonstrate commitment to this concept 11-L-0559 OSD 822 Thcrc is nothing particularly magic about thcsc six initiatives other than they are collectively a strong statcmcnt that the past strategy is about to change in some direction to bc determined and that standard current practices in the future are not likely to endure All but issues #4 and #6 arc “zero sum” propositions Indeed those two initiatives should consume a small fraction of the spring hudgct amendment increase Plenty ofroom is preserved fbr other specific program initiatives the new Administration may seek to highlight This approach preserves much nccdcd time to engage in a comprchcnsivc strategy review Meanwhile this transition agenda keeps the Department and its par cbial in tutions engaged in meaningful directions in the mc antimc rather than litigating grievances about the past Administration’s decisions mm and it’s astart 11-L-0559 OSD 823 snowflake July 23 200l TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld P I 11 lS AM SUBJECT AF Mess Halls Here are Jim Roche’s views on the mess halls This ought to be a subject for the management group Why don’t you put it on their agenda Thanks Attach 7 l 7 O 1 SecAF memo to SecDef re “Air Force Dining Facilities” DHR dh 072301-27 11-L-0559 OSD 824 snowflake April 25 2001 SUBJECT Outsourcing The Marines are now outsourcing 100% of their mess halls Why don’t the Army Navy and Air Force do that I want to talk to the Service Secretaries about this DHR dh 04250 l-2 11-L-0559 OSD 825 8 34 AM July 17 200 1 TO Secretary Rumsfeld FROM James Roche SUBJECT Air Force Dining Facilities Sir Re your recent question “Marines outsource 100% of their mess halls why doesn’t the Air Force do it “ As I understand the issue the USMC contracts out commissary services at garrison operations in the continental United States but uses naval food service personnel when deployed overseas and or on ships We outsource food services entirely at approximately one-third of our active Air Force units and we do some level of commissary outsourcing KP and cleaning services at more than half our active bases The Air Force operates the remaining dining facilities at those units with dayto-day operational missions in order to train and equip military personnel for wartime and contingency food service operations Our food service airmen learn about wartime conditions and the particular requirements of “contingency feeding” an airborne expeditionary force by participating in field training exercises and real-world deployments The cost of outside contractors serving food in wartime conditions training liability insurance availability etc makes it more effective for us to bring that mission in-house We believe we have the right mix of in-house and contract capabilities to fit the particular needs of our forces but we will continue to evaluate the costeffectiveness of that mix as part of the Business Initiatives Council process 11-L-0559 OSD 826 snowflake July 23 200l 11 ll AM TO Jim Roche cc General Jumper FROM Donald Rumsfeld w c F cb SUBJECT AF Quotes Attached are some quotes from my friend Ron Fogleman that you might find interesting Thanks Attach 1997 Quotable Quotes Gen Ronald R Fogleman DHR dh 072301-25 UQ8O2 Ol 11-L-0559 OSD 827 1997 Quotable Quotes c ‘ 1997 Quotable Quotes 7 Page 1 of 4 ‘i 7 7 J a SECDEF HAS SEEN Gen Ronald R Fogleman U S Air Force chief of staff JUC 23 m A compilation of quotes to support the efforts of senior Air Force leaders in communicating the Air Force message Air Force l l l l This is a force that w as forged in fire -- that was formed in the crucible of combat in the second World War Our service has become a source of great pride for the nation The Air Force has been globally engaged supporting America’s interest around the world in a variety of operations We are respected around the world for what we bring in peace and war o When the United States takes the lead in a crisis the Air Force is going to be engaged l l l The Air Force has become the instrument of choice when it comes to introducing U S presence and influence around the world We’re helping shape events by participating in Joint Chief of Staff exercises regional exercises and contingency operations The unique characteristics of air and space power -- speed range flexibility precision and global perspective -- provide our air and space forces unparalleled access to 100 percent of the earth’s population every center of government and any trouble spot on the face of the earth Quality People w The men and women of the United States Air Force are the pride of the American people and of this nation They represent the very best of American society l l Our troops are the foundation of our strength -- they make us the envy of the world We have a great Air Force made up of diverse people who bring different talents and capabilities o the table o Our engagement capability is only made possible by the dedication and quality of the men and women who serve in our Air Force 11-L-0559 OSD 828 http www af miI news speech current 1997_Quotable_Quote html 6 28 200 1 I Page 2 of 4 1997 Quotable Quotes Total Force Team l l l l l Our guard and reserve forces are probably the best insurance policy for national security in the entire world Our guard and reserve forces have made a major difference in our ability to sustain the kind of operations tempo and personnel tempo that’s required of our service The Air Force has been in the forefront of America’s military in using its guard and reset-v forces in day-to-day operations We depend on reservists and guardsmen to be full-time players on our Air Force team I’m particclarly proud of the way the Air Force has integrated its guard and reserve forces and the way we’ve used them in the new world environment that’s unfolding Leadership and Command l l The success or failure of any organization depends on good leadership A leader is someone who makes things happen You don’t have to have stars on your shoulders or chevrons on your sleeve to be a leader Anybody who wants to make things happen is a leader l Leaders must create a climate in which everyone can achieve their full potential l Command is the highest privilege that we can bestow upon any Air Force officer l l l To be a good commander you have to have a passion for both the mission you are assigned and for your people Leaders have got to be physically vigorous You’ve got to be visible and you’ve got to show a kind of leadership that instills pride confidence and optimism in the troops One of the first things a leader should do is take inventory of your people to determine how you can leverage their skills to achieve the unit mission - Air Superiority Air Dominance l l Air dominance is the enabler for all other forces to operate on the battlefield Air dominance is the ultimate in air superiority It entails the ability to take away the enemy’s sanctuaries to own his air space and to operate there with impunity http www af miVnews speech currentl997_Quotable_Quote html 11-L-0559 OSD 829 6 28 200 1 Page 3 of 4 1997 Quotable Quotes l l Gaining superiority over somebody else’s air space has been one of the constants in warfare of the 20th century It’s the key to winning battles and wars with fewest casualties Air superiority gives you both freedom from attack and freedom to attack Tactical Air Modernization F-22 l l l l l l l I Tactical air modernization will be expensive but it’s the enabler for all the other forces on the battlefield The F-22 won’t just defend our air space -- it will allow us to dominate the other guy’s air space and take away his sanctuaries The whole idea is to attain and maintain air superiority quickly in a theater -- that’s what the F-22 is all about The F-22 is a revolutionary aircraft It combines maneuverable stealth advanced integrated avionics and supercruise The F-22 will be America’s air superiority fighter far into the 21 st century The combination of stealth and maneuverability will shrink the effectiveness of the weapons envelope for enemy surface-to-air missiles and from air-to-air missiles There is a need for an air superiority aircraft and that is what the F-22 is designed for - Force Protection l l l l l l The bombing of the Khobar Towers was a real wake up call for us -- it significantly increased our awareness of the sophistication and the level of terrorism out there Terrorist groups and unconventional warfare units now have the technology training and financial backing to attack us anywhere in the world Our force protection initiatives must ensure we have the resources and the capability to safeguard our people Security no longer ends at the base perimeter We must assume responsibility for a much larger tactical perimeter that will keep the threat away from our people and equipment It’s not a question of if we’re going to get struck again it’s when we’re going to get struck again 11-L-0559 OSD 830 http www af miYnews speech current i997-Quotable-Quote html G 28 200 1 1997 Quotable Quotes 5 Page 4 of 4 Airborne Laser The Airborne Laser is a revolutionary new weapon system which will dramatically alter future battles Its unique ability to defend against theater ballistic missiles will ensure our nation’s military forces and those of our allies are able to operate independent of any adversary’s potential capability The Airborne Laser will complement the F-22 and Joint Strike Fighter to dominate the sky The Airborne Laser will become a recognizable deterrent against weapons of mass destruction by confronting an adversary with the prospect those weapons will fall back on its own territory The Airborne Laser provides a means to destroy theater ballistic missiles when they are most vulnerable - in their boost phase By attacking missiles in the boost phase the Airborne Laser takes the fight to the enemy The airborne laser system is an essential addition to our nation’s air and space dominance force 11-L-0559 OSD 831 http www af mil news speech current 1997_Quotable_Quote html 6 28 200 1 snowflake October 13 200l 2 Ol PM TO David Chu FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Recruitment Isn’t this the time to get high schools and colleges to permit on-campus recruiting of young people for the U S Armed Forces Why not get a national effort going on it Thanks Attach 8 l 5 O 1 SecDef memo DHR dh 101301-16 11-L-0559 OSD 832 snowflake August 15 200l TO David Chu cc Charlie Abel1 FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Education Leaders I thought that meeting with the educators was useful You folks probably knew all that but I found it informative Some random thoughts 1 Someone mentioned the idea of a second career and how it might be fashioned so it still benefits the military possibly in the reserve component There might be a thought in there 2 I was unaware that 1 out of every 3 new people coming into the military drops out before their tour is complete What is the story on that Does that mean we are bringing the wrong people in 3 Should we have someone look at the high schools around military bases to see if they refuse to allow recruiters in 4 What about getting Dr Eliot Cohen to take a look at war colleges and see if they really are as pedestrian as he indicated 5 I can’t imagine there is a way to tie student aid to military service but if there is it is interesting 6 What about GI Bill for grad school Thanks 1’ DHR dh 081501-10 11-L-0559 OSD 833 Issues and Answers 1 Someone mentioned the idea of a second career and how it might be fashioned so it still benefits the military possibly in the Reserve Component There might be a thought in there l We encourage people finishing their active duty commitment to move to a Reserve unit in fact we recruit aggressively and pay handsomely when a skill is in short supply In years past we haven’t pushed for ex-military to join the Federal civilian workforce but now are working that harder For example we have eliminated disincentives like the forfeiture of some military retirement pay when a veteran is employed as a Federal civilian helping those cross-flows 2 I was unaware that 1 out of every 3 new people coming into the military drops out before their tour is complete What is the story on that Does that mean we are bringing the wrong people in First-term attrition rates within the first 36-months of service historically have been in the 30-percent range We know that high school diploma graduates are about twice as likely as nongraduates to complete their initial service obligations with three-year attrition rates of roughly 20 and 50 percent respectively As a result the Services prefer to enlist high school graduates In fact about 90 percent of new recruits hold that traditional diploma Yet the 30-percent attrition rate has been persistent as a consequence of losses brought about by poor physical conditioning or inadequate motivation Programs recently have been put in place to help recruits meet physical fitness standards and to adjust to military discipline We are spending more effort in saving them - a habit we may have misplaced during the drawdown 3 Should we have someone look at high schools around military bases to see if they refuse to allow recruiters in l We’ve looked at recruiter access to high schools in high-military-density states and cities Frankly the correlation is not strong Many schools denying access are private schools often with religious affiliations or those with school board policies discouraging release of student names or phone numbers to third parties A new law takes effect in July 2002 requiring that senior officers visit schools that deny access Problems unresolved after 120 days would be reported to Governors requesting their help For denials unresolved within a year DOD would notify congressional delegations and Defense oversight committees Congressional intent is to get public officials to push for wider access for our military recruiters 11-L-0559 OSD 834 4 What about getting Dr Eliot Cohen to take a look at war colleges and see if they really are as pedestrian as he indicated l Dr Cohen appears to represent a minority view but this is something I will want to explore in concert with the Joint Staff 5 I can’t imagine there is a way to tie student aid to military service but if there is it is interesting l Today we offer several programs that tie money for college or repayment of student loans to military service Three Services Army Navy and Air Force offer a student loan repayment program with Army offering up to $65 000 while the Navy and Air Force offer up to $10 000 New troops also may enroll in the Montgomery GI Bill MGIB program during their initial training Members must agree to have their pay reduced by $100 a month for 12 months in return for a monthly stipend of up to $650 for 36 months $23 000 in college assistance The Services also may offer a college fund “kicker” in concert with the MGIB paying up to a total of $50 000 Finally all Services currently offer tuition assistance of up to 75 percent a maximum of $3 500 per year to those attending college courses while on active duty 6 What about GI Bill for Graduate School l It’s already in force Currently the Montgomery GI Bill pays a monthly stipend of up to $650 for 36 months for full-time college attendance toward an undergraduate a graduate degree The Montgomery GI Bill also may be applied to courses leading to a certificate or diploma from business technical or vocational schools cooperative training programs apprenticeship or job training programs flight training programs or correspondence and accredited independent study courses It’s very flexible 11-L-0559 OSD 835 I L snowflake October 15 200l 1 58 PM TO Doug Feith FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Memo Please take a look at this memo I sent Paul Wolfowitz Any thoughts Thanks Attach 092401-21 DHR dh 101501-41 11-L-0559 OSD 836 snowflake October 2 200l TO “1 Pau TvJc olfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld 12 34 PM 9 SUBJECT Israeli MOD We just talked to the Israeli MOD He offered again to give us as much information from his four decades of experience of his country with terrorism I think we ought to review and see how we feel about the linkage we have through the intel community and see if we may want to strengthen the relationship directly through DOD on the subject of terrorism and see what they know that we don’t know and that we may not be seeing in our intel Thanks DHTCdh 100201-17 11-L-0559 OSD 837 snowflake O c t o b e r 23 200l 11 OS TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald SUBJECT Speech Material There is some really good stuff for the speechwriters in these excerpts from my confirmation testimony The last paragraph was not highlighted but it should have been It is the best Let’s get some of that stuff woven into my remarks Thanks Attach Quotes from Confirmation Hearings DHR dh 102301-21 11-L-0559 OSD 838 snowflake TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld DATE i L 7 September 23 200l SUBJECT Have somebody pull my confirmation hearings and take out where I said the thing that worried me the most when I went to sleep at night was intelligence failures and second pull out of there anything I said about transformation and asymmetrical threats and terrorism cruise missiles ballistic missiles and let’s get those quotes elevated isolated in a piece of paper so we’ve got them They were- as fate would have it Thank you DHR azn 092301 26 11-L-0559 OSD 839 QUOTES FROM SECRETARY RUMSFELD’S CONFIRMATION HEARING The problem of terrorism is an exceedingly serious one It’s a problem for us in our homeland It’s a problem for deployed forces It’s a problem for our friends and allies And I think it was Lenin who said that the purpose of terrorism is to terrorize and that’s what it does it changes people’s behavior And the wonderful advantage is a terrorist can attack at any time in any place using any technique and it is physically impossible to defend at every time in every place against every technique So it is not something that ends it is something you need to be attentive to It’s something we need to have vastly better intelligence than we do today And it’s something that needs to not simply be a Defense Department problem or a homeland defense problem but it’s also a diplomatic problem We have to find ways to function in this world where we work with people and try to create an environment that is less hospitable to terrorists and to terrorism “The end of the Cold War did not bring about an end to armed conflict or the end of challenges or threats to U S interests we know that Indeed the centrifugal forces in world politics have created a more diverse and less predictable set of potential adversaries whose aspirations for regional influence and whose willingness to use military force will produce challenges to important U S interests and to those of our friends and allies ” “ We all know that history is filled with instances where people were surprised There were plenty of signals plenty of warnings plenty of cautions but they weren’t taken aboard they didn’t register they weren’t sufficient to cause a person to act on those concerns It wasn’t that the information wasn’t there it just didn’t register As to a single big idea I don’t know but it may be this It may be that one of the biggest things we have to do is what I mentioned earlier and that is recognize that the deterrents of the Cold War worked Those deterrents very likely will not work as well or as broadly as we will need during the period of this era of globalization or post-Cold War period or whatever we’re going to end up calling it that the problems are different and the demands will be different and that we as a people have an obligation to be smart enough to think about those things and to see that we get arranged as a defense establishment with our allies so that in fact we dissuade people from doing things “ “President-elect Bush has outlined three overarching goals for bringing U S armed forces into the 21st century First we must strengthen the bond of trust with the American military The brave and dedicated men and women who serve in our country’s uniform active Guard and Reserve must get the best support their country can possibly provide them so that we can continue to call on the best people in the decades to come Second we must develop the capabilities to defend against missiles terrorism the newer threats against space assets and information systems as members of the committee have mentioned The American people our forces abroad and our friends and allies must be protected against the threats which modern technology and its proliferation confront us And third we must take advantage of the new possibilities that the ongoing technological revolution offers to create the military of the next century Meeting these challenges will require a cooperative effort between Congress and the Executive Branch and with industry and our allies as well If confirmed I look forward to developing a close working relationship with this committee and with the counterpart committees and the House of Representatives to achieve these goals and to fashion steps to help to transform our defense posture to address those new challenges ” 11-L-0559 OSD 840 “Credible deterrence no longer can be based solely on the prospect of punishment through massive retaliation It must be based on a combination of offensive nuclear and non-nuclear defensive capabilities working together to deny potential adversaries the opportunity and the benefits that come from the threat or the use of weapons of mass destruction against our forces our homeland as well as those of our allies ” “Well I’ve been made aware of Senator Frist’s and Sen Kennedy’s interests and Senator Roberts’ I would rank bioterrorism quite high in terms of threats I think that it has the advantage that it does not take a genius to create agents that are enormously powerful and they can be done in mobile facilities in small facilities And I think it is something that merits very serious attention not just by the Department of Defense but by the country And I have an interest in it and certainly would intend to be attentive to it” “I want you to know that I understand the task facing the Department of Defense is enormously complex It is not a time to preside and tweak and calibrate what’s going on It is a time to take what’s been done to start this transformation and see that it is continued in a way that hopefully has many many more right decisions than wrong decisions ” “We also need to make darn sure that we’re dealing with our allies in a way that they are brought along We’re not alone in this world we have some enormously important allies in Asia and in Europe and friends in other parts of the world and I think that those relationships as well are terribly important ” “ I have had an impression over the years that we have a significant role in helping to deter aggression in the world and the way you do that is to be arranged to defend in the event you need to Having been at NATO and looking at different countries and what the different countries bring to that alliance it’s pretty obvious that the United States has some things we bring to it that are notably different from some of the other countries It is also true that the other countries can bring significant things And I don’t think that it’s necessarily true that the United States has to become a great peacekeeper if you will I think we need to have capabilities as you’re suggesting that are distinct from war-fighting capabilities But I also think other countries can participate in these activities that are needed in the world from time to time and bring -- they can bring the same capabilities we can to that type of thing whereas they cannot bring the same capabilities we can for example with respect to airlift or sealift or intelligence gathering or a variety of other things ” “I’ve met with Saddam Hussein and I met with the elder Assad as Middle East envoy and these people are intelligent they’re survivors they’re tough They don’t think like we do and goodness knows they don’t behave like we do with respect to their neighbors or their own people that’s why this intelligence gathering task we have as a country is so much more important today not just because of proliferation but because the weapons are so powerful And it’s not a matter of counting beans in Russia how many missiles how many ships how many tanks It’s a matter of knowing a lot more about attitudes and behaviors and motivations and how you can alter their behavior to create a more peaceful world ” 11-L-0559 OSD 841 1 “I would repeat what 1 said about the importance of considerably improving our intelligence capabilities so that we know more about what people think and how they behave and how their behavior can be altered and what the capabilities are in this world I think the goal ought not to be to win a war The goal ought to be to be so strong and so powerful that you can dissuade people from doing things they otherwise would do and you don’t have to even fight the war That takes me to the second point The second point is I don’t know that I really understand what deters people today Because I don’t think one thing deters everybody I think we need to understand that there are different parts of the world There are different types of leaders with different motivations And we have to do a lot better job of thinking through deterrence and assuring that we’ve done the best job possible ” 11-L-0559 OSD 842 2 snowflake 9%lx September 25 2001 7 07 PM If 4 Wye v TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Pentagon Security I want to begin calming down the security at the Pentagon I think we ought to think about expanding the parking a little and I think we ought to have fewer policemen and not look like a war zone Thanks 092501 13 U13121 IUZ 312 4 snowflake i I 05 September 25 2001 7 24 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld Language Training You have to get somebody working on seeing that we start teaching more languages-Arabic Afghan whatever-in our Monterey language school They #1100 need to be told I am told or else they aren t going to be able to doit Also the war colleges and the military academies Thanks DHRidh 092501-snowflake August 17 200l 4 OS PM TO David Chu FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT i Delegation of Authority I signed this and I shouldn’t have I would like to see the criteria for how the awards are going to be made I am happy to delegate the authority but I think we ought to have some good clear idea of the basis on which they are going to be awarded Thanks Attach 8 7 O 1 P R action memo to SecDef re Proposed Delegation U 13975 O l DHR dh 081701-17 11-L-0559 OSD 845 UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFEFFE 4000 DEFENSE PENTAGON k lb 2 a zjj” I _ W A S H I N G T O N D C 2 0 3 0 1 - 4 0 0 0 ’ “ 7 ACTION MEMO PERSONNEL AND READINESS August 7 2001 11 OO AM FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENS DepSec Action se Personnel and Readiness c - GA c’ c - d-k J - SUBJECT Section 1132 of the Floyd D Spen National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 - Proposed Delegation FROM David S C Chu Under Secretary of De l The attached memorandum will delegate authority to approve awards up to $25 000 for civilian employees to the Under Secretary of Defense Personnel and Readiness with authority to redelegate Tab A l Section 1132 authorizes the Secretary of Defense the authority to approve awards in excess of $10 000 up to $25 000 Tab B l Current DOD regulations authorize the Assistant Secretary of Defense Force Management Policy ASD FMP to approve awards of $10 000 to civilians and up to $25 000 for military awards Tab C l When you grant this delegation to me I anticipate redelegating the authority to the ASD FMP which will make the authorities the same for both military and civilians RECOMMENDATION That you delegate this authority to me by signing the memorandum Tab A COORDINATION Tab D Prepared by Tim Curry ODASD Civilian Personnel Policy 697-5472 11-L-0559 OSD 846 13975 IO1 LY ECFiETkR”’ OF DEFENSE THC 1000 DEFENSE FENTAGON W A S H I N G T O N L C 20301 IOOC MEMORANDUM FOR SECRETARIES OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF UNDER SECRETARIES OF DEFENSE DIRECTOR DEFENSE RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF DEFENSE GENERAL COUNSEL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DIRECTOR OPERATIONAL TEST AND EVALUATION ASSISTANTS TO THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DIRECTOR ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT DIRECTORS OF THE DEFENSE AGENCIES DIRECTORS OF THE DOD FIELD ACTIVITIES SUBJECT Delegation of Authorities and Assignment of Responsibilities of the Secretary of Defense under Section 1132 of the Floyd D Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 The Under Secretary of Defense Personnel and Readiness is delegated the authority and assigned responsibilities of the Secretary of Defense under Section 1132 of the Floyd D Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 Public Law 106-398 October 30 200O relating to the authority to approve cash awards of up to $25 000 for civilian employees This authority may be re-delegated in writing to the Assistant Secretary of Defense Force Management Policy 11-L-0559 OSD 847 114 STAT 1654A-318 PUBLIC LAW 106-398-APPENDIX SEC 1132 APPROVAL AUTHORITY FOR CASH AWARDS IN EXCESS OF $10 000 Section 4502 of title 5 United States Code is amended by addin at the end the followin 7% The Secretary of DeBense may grant a cash award under subsection b of this section without regard to the requirements for certification and approval provided in that subsection ‘ SEC 1133 LEAVE FOR CREWS OF CERTAIN VESSELS Section 6305 c 2 of title 5 United States Code is amended to read as follows “ 2 may not be made the basis for a lump-sum payment except that civil service mariners of the Military Sealift Command on temporary romotion aboard ship may be paid the difference between t en tern orary and permanent rates of pay for leave accruedlY under tltis section and section 6303 and not otherwise used during the temporary promotion upon the expiration or termination of the temporary promotion and” SEC 1134 LIFE INSURANCE FOR EMERGENCY ESSENTIAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EMPLOYEES a IN GENERAL--section 8702 of title 5 United States Code is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection “ c Notwithstanding a notice previously given under subsection b an employee of the Department of Defense who is designated as an emergency essential employee under section 1580 of title 10 shall be insured if the employee within 60 days after the date of the designation elects to be insured under a Of insurance under this chapter An election under the prece ii”licy ng sentence shall be effective when rovided to the Office in writin in the form prescribed by the 8ffice within such 60-dayp eriod b APPLIc ILI N -For purposes of section 8702 c o title 5 United States Code as added by subsection a an employee of the Department of Defense who is designated as an emergency essential employee under section 1580 of title 10 United States Code before the date of the enactment of this Act shall be deemed to be so designated on the date of the enactment of this Act Subtitle E-Intelligence Civilian Personnel SEC 1141 EXPANSION OF DEFENSE CIVILIAN INTELLIGENCE PERSONNEL SYSTEM POSITIONS 4 AUTHORITY FOR SENIOR DOD INTELLIGENCE POSITIONS THROUGHOUT DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE -Section 1601 a l of title 10 United States Code is amended 1 by striking “in the intelligence components of the Department of Defense and the military departments” and inserting “in the Department of Defense” and 2 by striking “of those components and departments” and inserting “of the Department” b CONFORMING AMENDMENT FOR PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR POSTEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE -section 1611 of such title is amended 1 in subsection a l by striking “an intelligence compo- nent of the Department of Defense” and inserting “a defense intelligence osition” 2 in sukection b - 11-L-0559 OSD 848 Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M SUBCHAPTER 451 AWARDS TABLE OF CONTENTS ‘c SECTIOmW A Purpose B Policy C Definitions D Award Restrictions E Eligibility F Responsibilities G Award Program Requirements H Monetary Awards 1 Performance-Based Cash Awards J Quality Step Increases K Suggestion Awards L Inventions M Honorary Awards N Time-Off Awards 0 Awards For Private Citizens And Or tnizations Paee 45 l-l 45 l-2 451-2 45 l-3 451-3 451-4 451-5 451-6 451-7 451-8 451-8 451-9 451-10 451-10 451-11 APPENDICES A DOD and Presidential-Level Honorary Awards B DOD-Level Honorary Awards for Private Citizens and Others C Tangible Benefits Awards Scale D Intangible Benefits Awards Scale 11-L-0559 OSD 849 451-A-l 451-B-1 451-C-l 451-D-1 _ Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M SUBCHAPTER 451 AWARDS References a b cl 4 w 0 g h 6 i W 0 m O-0 DOD Directive 1400 25 “DOD Civilian Personnel Management System ” November 25 1996 Title 5 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 430 45 I 53 1 and 34 Chapters 12 21 33 43 45 53 and 71 oftitle 5 United States Code Section 1124 of title 10 United States Code Executive Order 10717 ‘The PresidentS Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian-Service ” June 27 1958 as amended Executive Order 9586 “Medal of Freedom ” July 6 1945 as amended Executive Order 11494 ‘Establishing the Presidential Citizens Medal ” November 13 1969 Executive Order 1043 1 “National Security Medal ” January 19 1953 DOD Instruction 1416 4 “Quality Step increases for Employees Subject to the Classification Act of 1949 ” March 4 1963 hereby canceled DOD Instruction SO 10 39 “Work Force Motivation ” November 16 1984 hereby canceled DOD Instruction 5 120 16 “Department of Defense Incentive Awards Program Policies and Standards ” July 15 1974 as amended hereby canceled Assistant Secretary of Defense Force Management Personnel Memorandum “Department of Defense Implementation Plan for Time Off as an Incentive Award ” June 12 1992 as amended hereby canceled DOD Directive 1432 2 “Honorary Awards to Private Citizens and Organizations “February 28 1986 canceled DOD Directive 5 120 15 “Authority for Approval of Cash and Honorary Awards for DOD Pekonnel ” August 12 1985 canceled DOD 7000 14-R “Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation ” Volume 8 “Civilian Pay Policy and Procedures ” June 1994 authorized by DOD Instruction 7000 14 “DOD Financial Management Policy and Procedures ” November 15 1992 A PURPOSE This Subchapter implements DOD policies under references a through c and delegates authority assigns responsibility and establishes requirements for awards and awards programs for civilian employees within the Department of Defense Additionally this Subchapter establishes DOD-level awards for-private citizens groups or organizations provides guidance for awards established by Components for private citizens and others provides guidance for awards to military personnel under reference d above and issues procedures to be observed by Components in recognizing or recommending to the Secretary of Defense civilian employees or others for Presidential-level awards established under references e through h This subchapter also cancels references i through I and supersedes references m and n 11-L-0559 OSD 850 - B POLlCY 1 It is DOD policy under DOD Directive 1400 25 reference a to encourage the full participation of DoD personnel at all levels in improving Government operations and under references a through h to pay cash awards grant time-off or incur necessary expenses for the honorary and informal recognition of DoD personnel either individually or as a mem er of a group on the basis of a A suggestion invention productivity gain superior accomplishment or other personal effort that contributes to the efficiency economy or other improvement of Government operations or achieves a significant reduction in paperwork b A special act or service in the public interest in connection with or related to official employment or c Performance as reflected in the employeek most recent rating of record as defined by S CFR 430 203 reference b 2 Awards under this Subchapter shall be granted consistent with Equal Employment Opportunity and Aflkmative Employment Program policies and shall be free from discrimination regardless of race color religion age sex national origin or disability 3 Awards programs for civilian employees shall involve employees or their representatives in program development and implementation as appropriate The method of involvement shall be in accordance with applicable law 4 Policies and standards governing awards for which both DOD civilian and military personnel are eligible shall be applied equitably to the extent consistent with applicable law and regulation 5 Awards granted under this Subchapter shall be subject to applicable Bx rules 6 Awards granted under this Subchapter shall be given due weight in qualifying and selecting _ an employee for promotion as required by 5 U S C 3362 reference c 7 Awards which are separate from awards and awards programs created to recognize civilian employees may be established to recognize private citizens groups and organizations that significantly assist or support DOD functions services or operations performed as a public service Such awards shall be established and administered consistent with Section 0 of this Subchapter C DEFINITIONS 1 Award Something bestowed or an action taken to recognize and reward individual or team achievement that contributes to meeting organizational goals or improving the efficiency effectiveness and economy of the Government or is otherwise in the public interest Such awards 11-L-0559 OSD 851 - Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M include but ate not limited to employee incentives that are based on predetermined criteria such as productivity standards performance goals measurements systems award formulas or payout schedules 2 Award ProPram The specific procedures and requirements established in a DOD Component for granting awards under 5 CFR 45 l reference b and this Subchapter r 3 Monetary Award An award in which the recognition device is a cash payment that does not increase the employee3 rate of basic pay 4 Non-Monetant Award An award in which the recognition device is not a cash payment or time-off as an award but rather an award of a honorific value e g a letter certificate medal plaque or item of nominal value 5 Time-Off Award An award in which time-off from duty is granted without loss of pay or charge to leave and for which the number of hours granted is commensurate with the employee3 contribution or accomplishment 6 Tanpible Benefit Savings to the Government that can be measured in terms of dollars 7 Intaopible Benefit Savings to the Government that cannot be measured in terms of dollars D AWARD RESTRICTIONS 1 Limitations of Awards DurinP a Presidential Election Year Components shall not grant awards under the conditions set forth under 5 CFR 45 1 105 reference b This applies to monetary and time-off awards However non-monetary awards such as certificates plaques and items of a similar nature are permitted provided that the form of the non-monetary award avoids the appearance of replacing a bonus As non-monetary awards may take a wide variety of forms with a wide variance both in terms of direct costs and the appearance of such value recognition by non-monetary award should create the inherent impression of symbolic value an honor being bestowed rather than monetary worth cash value 2 Prohibition of Cash Award to Executive Schedule Officers DOD Components shall not grant cash awards under the conditions set forth under 5 CFR 451 105 reference b E ELIGIBILITY 1 General ‘Civilian employees who meet the definition of ‘tmployee” under 5 USC 2 105 reference c are eligible to receive awards under this Subchapter Unless otherwise provided under 10 U S C 1124 reference d members of the Armed Forces are eligible to be paid monetary awards for only suggestions inventions and scientific achievements Performance awards may be paid11-L-0559 OSD 852 to Senior Executive Service SES employees only under - 5 CFR 534 403 reference b and not on the basis of this Subchapter Private citizens and organizations may be recognized for significant contributions to the Department with non-monetary awards only 2 Former Emplovees Under 5 CFR 45 1 104 reference b awards for contributions made by an individual when employed by the Department of Defense may be paid to a former employee o”r to the estate or legal heirs of a deceased employee Awards to separate for deceased members of the Armed Forces for contributions made while the member was on active duty may be paid to the former member or to the memberb estate or legal heirs 3 Non-Amwopriated Fund EmDlovees Employees paid with nonappropriated funds are not eligible to receive monetary awards paid from appropriated funds but may receive non-monetary awards under this subchapter 4 F eiPn National EmPlovees a A foreign national individual who meets the defmition of employee as de red under 5 USC 2105 reference c and is paid with U S funds i e direct hire employee is eligible to receive awards under this Subchapter b A foreign national individual who iqraid on a cost reimbursable basis by agreement with a foreign country i e indirect hire employee is not eligible to receive monetary awards but may receive non-monetary awards under this Subchapter F RESPONSIBILITIES 1 The Assistant Secretaw of Defense for Force Manapement Policv CASD FMPU shall a Issue DOD-wide policies and procedures governing the establishment and administration of awards and awards programs b Review and if merited forward to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management _ _ OPM recommendations for awards that would grant more than $lO OOO to an individual employee c Review and approve or disapprove as appropriate a recommendation for an award of more than $10 000 for a suggestion invention or scientific achievement by members of the Armed Forces regardless of the number of individuals who may share therein d Review and endorse if appropriate DOD Component recommendations for honorary Presidential-level awards and e Establish DOD-level awards and awards programs and delegate administration of such programs where appropriate 11-L-0559 OSD 853 - Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M 2 The Director of Administration and Manapement Office of the Secretary of Defense fDA M shall work jointly with the ASD FMP in the development and establishment of DOD-level awards and shall administer the DOD-level civilian honorary awards program 3 The Deputy Assistant Secretarv of Defense for Civilian Personnel Policy JDASD CPP l shall ‘-c c a Recommend DOD-wide policies and procedures governing the establishment and administration of awards and awards programs b Evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of DOD Components’award program s and make recommendations as may be necessary and c Coordinate DOD-wide awards information 4 The Heads of the DOD Components shall a Ensure the development implementation application and evaluation of one or more awards programs for employees covered under this Subchapter b Ensure funds are obligated consistent with applicable DOD Component financial management controls and delegations of authority c Ensure that awards programs do not conflict with or violate any other law or Government-wide regulation d Ensure that criteria for awards do not discriminate against individuals on the basis of race color religion age sex national origin or disability e Endorse to the ASD FMP for review or approval recommendations for awards that would grant more than $10 000 to a single civilian employee and f Endorse to the ASD FMP for review and approval recommendations that would result in an award of more than $10 000 for a single contribution by members of the armed forces regardless of the number of individuals entitled to share therein G AWARD PROGRAM REOUJREMENTS The establishment administration or operation of award programs shall provide for 1 Reviewing award recommendations for which approval authority has not been delegated to officials at lower levels within the organization 2 Communicating the relevant parts of award programs to managers supervisors and employees 11-L-0559 OSD 854 3 Evaluating and assessing awards and award program s to ensure that awards 1 are used to motivate recognize and reward eligible personnel 2 exhibit a close demonstrable link between performance accomplishment or contribution to DOD Component goals and objectives and the receipt of an award and 3 are granted commensurate with the value of the employeek contribution or accomplishment ‘c c 4 Documenting all cash and time off awards in compliance with 5 CFR 45 1 106 e reference b filing award documents in compliance with the requirements of 5 CFR 45 1 106 f reference b reporting awards data to the Central Personnel Data File CPDF in compliance with 5 CFR 45 1 106 g reference b or reporting awards data as required by OPM on an as needed basis reporting cash awards for military members as required in section H 4 c below and following appropriate DOD financial management regulations on civilian pay policies and procedures under DOD 7000 14-R reference 0 5 Granting quality step increases consistent with the provisions of 5 CFR 53 1 Subpart E reference b and Section J “Quality Step Increases” of this Subchapter 6 Documenting justification for awards that are not based on a rating of record under 5 CFR 45 1 103 reference b and 7 Developing guidelines requiring managers and supervisors to demonstrate involvement in equal employment opportunity-related activities to receive awards as appropriate H MONETARY AWARDS 1 General Under 5 U S C 4502 reference c a A monetary award is in addition to the regular pay of the recipient b Acceptance of a monetary award constitutes an agreement that the use by the Government of an idea method or device for which an award is made does not form the basis of a further claim of any nature against the Govemment by the employee his or her legal heirs or assigns and c A monetary award to and the expense for the honorary recognition of an employee may be paid from the fund or appropriation available to the activity primarily benefiting or the various activities benefiting 2 Awards to Other Apencv or Comaonent Personnel For awards approved for employees of other Federal agencies or other DOD Components the Component s that benefits shall make arrangements to transfer funds to the individualb employing Component or agency If the administrative costs of transferring funds would exceed the amount of the award the Component employing the individual shall absorb the costs and pay the award 11-L-0559 OSD 855 Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M 3 Calculation of Savingg Tangible savings shall be calculated on the basis of estimated net savings for the first full year of operation Exceptions may be made in the case where an improvement with a high installation cost will yield measurable savings continuing more than one year In this instance the award may be based on the average annual net savings over a period of several years The years may not exceed the reasonable life of the initial installation or the clearly predictable period of use whichever is shorter ‘r c 4 Awards to Militarv Members a Under 10 U S C 1124 reference d the total amount of the monetary award made for a suggestion invention or scientific achievement may not exceed $25 000 regardless of the number of persons who may be entitled to share therein b Under 5 CFR 45 1 104 reference b funds shall be transferred to the DOD Component having jurisdiction over the member c Cash awards for military members shall be reported annually to the DASD CPP consistent with instructions on a DD Form 1609 The reporting requirements for military personnel are assigned DD-MA A 1345 5 Examples of Awards Scales Appendices C and D are models of awards scales based upon tangible and intangible benefits I PERFORMANCE-BASED CASH AWARDS Under S U S C 4505a reference c 1 Monetary awards may be granted to an employee whose most recent rating was at Level 3 fully successful level or equivalent or higher as defined in 5 CFR 430 208 reference b 2 An award granted under this section may not exceed 10 percent of the employeef annual rate of basic pay except that the Component Head may determine that exceptional performance by the employee justifies an award exceeding 10 percent and may authorize an award up to 20 I _ percent of the employee3 annual rate of basic pay For an award that is paid as a percentage of basic pay the rate of basic pay shall be determined without taking into account any locality-based comparability special law enforcement adjustment or interim geographic adjustment 3 Employees may not appeal a decision not to grant an award or the amount of the award paid under this section This does not extinguish or lessen any right or remedy under Chapter 12 Subchapter II of 5 U S C reference c or Chapter 71 of 5 U S C reference c or any of the laws referred to in 5 U S C 2302 reference c and 4 Awards granted under this section shall be paid as a lump sum and may not be considered to be part of the basic pay of an employee 11-L-0559 OSD 856 IS addition to a periodic step increase under section 5335 of reference c It provides an incentive and recognition of high quality performance above that ordinarily found in the type qf position concerned Ey granting faster than normal step increases An employee is eligible for Only one quality step increase within any 52 week period 2 Under section 53 1 SO4 of reference b an employee covered by a performance appraisal program established under part 430 subpart B of reference b must receive a rating of record of Level 5 ‘Outstanding’3 or equivalent as defined in Section 430 208 reference b in order to be eligible for a quality step increase An employee covered by a performance appraisal program that does not use a Level 5 summary level must receive a rating of record at the highest summary level under the program and must demonstrate sustained performance of high quality significantly above that expected at the Level 3 “‘Fully Successful” or equivalent level in the type of position concerned as determined under component established performance-related criteria As quality step increases become part of base pay the grant of a quality step increase should be based on performance which is characteristic of the employee3 overall high quality performance and the expectation that this high quality performance will continue in the future 3 Quality step increases shall be reported to the Central Personnel Data File consistent with 5 CFR 53 1 507 b reference b K SUGGESTION AWARDS 1 General a To be considered for an award a suggestion must 1 Identify an improvement in the quality of operations a cost reduction opportunity or an improvement in the timeliness of service delivery that results in tangible or intangible benefits to the U S Government and 2 Be adopted in whole or in part for implementation The suggestion should set forth a specific proposed course of action to achieve the improvement or cost reduction b Ideas or suggestions that point out the need for routine maintenance work recommend enforcement of an existing rule propose changes in housekeeping practices call attention to errors or alleged violations of regulations or result in intangible benefits of ‘good will”are not eligible for consideration c DOD personnel who make suggestions concerning improvement of materials or services purchased from a contractor may be paid a monetary award only if the improvement results in tangible benefits or intangible benefits to the Government The suggestion must be 11-L-0559 OSD 857 Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M processed through Government channels to identify correctly the origin of the proposal and the benefits to the Government Government employees or members of the Armed Forces shall not be paid awards based upon benefits to the contractor 2 Award Amounts and Financing a awards for suggestions shall be based upon tangible or intangible benefit r a combination thereof b When a suggestion is adopted by another organization the benefiting organization shall share in the cost of the total award commensurate with the benefit The suggesterk organization will notify the benefiting organization s of the amount due and the benefiting organization s shall take prompt action to transfer the funds L INVENTIONS 1 General a DOD Component offkes responsible for patent matters shall determine that the invention is of value or potential value to the Department of Defense and that the invention was made under circumstances that resulted in the Government initiating action to obtain the title or license b To be considered for an award the DOD ComponentS of e for patent matters shall verify to the appropriate awardb offtce that conditions in section L I a- above have been met c If the conditions under paragraph L 1 a above are not met but the invention is determined to be of value to the Department of Defense and the inventor consents to consideration for an award the inventor will be required to sign a claim waiver agreement to be paid an award 2 Award Payments a Eligible personnel may be paid a nominal initial monetary award and an additional monetary award when the patent covering the invention is issued b If an application for a patent is placed under a secrecy order the individual will become eligible for the additional award when a Notice of Allowability of the application is issued by the U S Patent Office instead of issuance of a patent c Awards under this section are not authorized if a monetary award has been paid for the same contribution as a suggestion 11-L-0559 OSD 858 M HONORARY AWARDS 1 DOD Components shall not title a Component established award or award program “Department of Defense”or ‘Secretary of Defense “either in whole or in part 2 Honorar i awards to DOD personnel may be granted independently or in addjtion r to a monetary 07 a time-off award 3 Appendix A lists DOD-level honorary awards for which career civilian employees may be eligible It also lists Presidential-level awards for which both civilian employees military members and private citizens may be eligible N TIME-OFF AWARDS 1 General Time-off awards are an alternate means of recognizing the superior accomplishments of employees with other than monetary or non-monetary awards Decisions to grant time-off awards shall be based upon the same criteria or circumstances as for any other incentive award Time-off awards shall not be granted to create the effect of a holiday or treated as administrative excusals or leave i e they shall not be granted in conjunction with a military ‘tiown”ot “training” day or the like which would grant the entire civilian employee population or a majority of the civilian population a time-off award to be used on a specified day Though time-off awards may not have an immediate budget consequence supervisors and managers shall consider fully wage costs and productivity loss when granting time-off awards and shall ensure that the amount of time-off granted as an award is commensurate with the individuals contribution or accomplishment 2 Award Amouat Limits a -The amount of time off granted to any one individual in any one leave year should not exceed 80 hours For part-time employees or those with an uncommon tour of duty total time off granted during any-calendar ye should be based on the average number of hours of work generally worked during a two-week period b The amount of a time-off award granted to an individual for a single contribution should not exceed 40 hours For part-time employees or those with an uncommon tour of duty the maximum award for any single contribution should be one-half of the amount of time that would be granted during the year 3 Time Limit to Use Award Time off granted as an award should be scheduled and used within one year after the effective date of the award 4 Conversion to Cash Award Under 5 CFR 45 1 104 reference b a time-off award shall not be converted to a cash payment under any circumstances 11-L-0559 OSD 859 I Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M 5 Portability A time-off award shall not be transferred between DOD Components Managers and supervisors should make every effort to ensure that the employee is able to use the time-off award before he or she leaves the granting Component 0 AW-S FOR PRIVATE CITIZENS AND ORGANIZATIONS 1 General Private citizens groups and organizations that significantly assist or support DOD functions services or operations may be recognized to demonstrate the interest of DOD management in improving efficiency and effectiveness and to encourage citizens and organizations in their efforts to assist in the accomplishment of DoD missions The awards shall be honorary only Appendix B lists DOD-level awards for which non-career individuals or private citizens may be eligible 2 Elidbilitv a Any person group or organization except for those described in paragraph 0 2 b below may be considered for recognition under this section based on a significant contribution to the Department of Defense performed a a public service b Persons or organizations having a commercial or profitmaking relationship with the Department of Defense or with a DOD Component shall not be granted recognition unless the contribution is substantially beyond that specified or implied within the terms of the contract establishing the relationship or the recognition is clearly in the public interest 11-L-0559 OSD 860 Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M SUBCHAPTER 451 APPENDIX A DOD AND PRESlDENTIAGLEVEL HONORARY AWARDS A DOD-EEVEL HONORARY AWARDS J Department of Defense Distineuished Civilian Service Award a General This award is -the Departmentk highest award given to career DOD civilian employees whose careers reflect exceptional devotion to duty and whose contributions to the eficiency economy or other improvements in DoD operations are of a significantly broad scope Awards may be granted for contributions in a scientific field or for accomplishments in technical or administrative endeavors Career DOD employees normally compete for this award with the competition culminating with an annual ceremony recognizing from five to seven employees from throughout the Department of Defense To have received this award through strict competition is considered extremely prestigious On rare occasions when recommended by Secretaries of the Military Departments Directors of Defense Agencies or Heads of OSD Components the Secretary of Defense may approve this award on a non-competitive basis When granted noncompetitively the justification for the award must show that the nominee3 contributions to the mission of the organization are of such major significance that immediate recognition is warranted All nominations for this award must be submitted to the Director Administration and Management OSD for forwarding to the Secretary of Defense for approval b Additional Information Further information on eligibility criteria and nominating procedures may be obtained from Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Personnel and Security Labor and Management Employee Relations Division 2 Secretary of Defense Meritorious Civilian Service Award a General This award Is the second highest award granted to career civilian employees of the Department of Defense and other Government Agencies who have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious service of major significance to the Depa nent of Defense This award requires review by the OSD JS Incentive Awards Board IAB The IAB recommends approval or disapproval of the award The final approval rests with the Secretary of Defense b Additional Information Further information on eligibiIity criteria and nominating procedures may be obtained from Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Personnel and Security Labor and Management Employee Relations Division 11-L-0559 OSD 861 - B PRESIDENTIAL-LEVEL HONORARY AWARDS 1 President3 Award for Distinpuished Federal Civilian Service a General Established by E O 10717 reference f this award is the highest honor for extraordinary achievement in Federal service It is granted by the President to career service individualSwhose accomplishments and achievements exemplify to an exceptional gree imagination courage and extraordinary ability in carrying out the mission of the Government This award is highly selective and nominated individuals should have received their Component5 highest award for civilians to be considered b Additional Information Further information on eligibility criteria and nominating procedures may be obtained from the Defense Civilian Personnel Management Service 2 Presidential Medal of Freedom a General Established by E-O 9586 reference g this medal is awarded by the President for exceptionally meritorious contributions to national security interests of the United States world peace cultural or other exceptionally significant public or private endeavors It is bestowed at the sole discretion of the President The basis for nomination must be of the most significant nature to the nation as a whole b Additional Informntion Further information on eligibility criteria and nominating procedures may be obtained from the Defense Civilian Personnel Management Service 3 Presidential Citizens Medal a General Established by E-0 11494 reference h this medal is awarded by the President to individuals who have performed exemplary deeds of service for the country of similar nature to the Medal of Freedom but of a lesser impact or scope b Additional Information Further information on eligibility criteria and nominating _ _ procedures may be obtained from the Defense Civilian Personnel Management Service 4 National Security Medal a General Established by E O 10431 reference i this medal is awarded by the President to individuals for extraordinary contributions to the country specifically related to matters of national security b Additional Information Further information on eligibility criteria and nominating procedures may be obtained from the Defense Civilian Personnel Management Service 11-L-0559 OSD 862 - Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M SUBCHAPTER 451 APPENDIX B c DOD-LEVEL HONORARY AWARDS FOR PRIVATE CITIZENS r A DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DISTlNGUISHED PUBLIC SERVICE AWARD 1 General This is the highest honorary award granted to non-career Federal employees private citizens and foreign nationals who have performed exceptionally distinguished service of significance to the Department of Defense as a whole or service of such exceptional gnificance to a DOD Component or function that recognition at the Component level is insufficient The nominee may have rendered service or assistance at considerable personal sacrifice and inconvenience that was motivated by patriotism good citizenship and a sense of public responsibility To be eligible the nominee shall be an individual who does not derive his or her principal livelihood from the Federal Government 2 Addititioal Information Further information on eligibility criteria and nominating procedures may be obtained from Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Personnel and Security Labor and Management Employee Relations Division B SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING PUBLIC SEkVICE 1 General This is the Department3 second highest honorary award granted by the Secretary of Defense to non-career Federal civilian employees private citizens and foreign nationals for contributions assistance or support to Department of Defense functions that are extensive enough to warrant recognition but are lesser in scope and impact than is required for the Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award To be eligible the nominee shall be an individual who does not derive his or her principal livelihood from the Federal Government 2 Additional Information Further information on eligibility criteria and nominating procedures may be obtained from Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Personnel and Security Labor and Management Employee Relations Division 11-L-0559 OSD 863 Dee 96 DOD 1400 25-M SUBCHAPTER 451 APPENDIX C SCALE OF AWARD AMOUNTS BASED ON TAiWI LE BENEFITS TO THE GOKERh ENT AWARDS BENEFITS Estimated First-Year Benefits Amount of Award to Einalovee Up to $100 000 in benefits 10% of benefits $100 001 and above in benefits $10 000 plus 1% of benefits above $100 001 up to $25 000 with the approval of the Office of Personnel Management Presidential approval is requiredyor all awards of more than $25 000 11-L-0559 OSD 864 - Dec96 DOD 1400 25-M SUBCHAPTER 451 APPENDIX D SCALE OF AWARD AMOUNTS BASED ON INTANGIBLE BENEFITS TO THE GOVERNMENT r EXTENT OF APPLICATION VALUE OF BENEFIT BROAD EXTENDED LIMITED GENERAL ffecl5 lil ns t ion or personnel of R entire regional area ommand Or bureau rffe an impormnt ran of science or chnology ffcccr -ions kission or pmonoel Of seral regional atea Of tmuimds or an entire epimmrn 01 agency ffecIs an c%Ieilsive am f science or kchJlology kts functions ission or personnel of Mehanone parunent 0 agmcy or in the public interest #3xlgboul the 4atim Id kyond $25 - $125 5126 - 5325 3326 - $650 S651- $1 300 $125 - 325 3326 - S650 S65 1 - %lJOO %lJOl - 53 150 $325 $650 $651- %I 300 Sl 301 - 3 150 S3 151- $6 300 $650 - $1 300 Slg301-$3 150 S3 151- $6 300 36 301 - $10 000 rffecls Fmetion3 sion or personnel of nc facility installa ion cgional area or an rf hcadquaitus Affects mall area of science or cchnology MODERATE Change or modification of an cpcraling principle or procedwc with ljiled use or imp cl SUBSTANTIAL Subslential change 01 wodification of pmccdures An imml improvemenl 0 JC value of a producs miviry ogmm oc wrvirr III the public HIGH Compieu revision of a basic principle or procedure a highly significant improvemcnl to the value of a product or service EXCEPTIONAL Initialion ofa new principle or major procedure a superior improvement 10 the quality of a critical product activity program or scrvicr lo the public 11-L-0559 OSD 865 Coordination PaEe July 18 2001 General Counsel Mr William J Haynes II Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Civilian Personnel Policy Mr J L Schrader Jxa P Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Force Management Policy Ms Gail McGinn e 3 0 Assistant Secretary of Defense Force Management Policy Q 13-a Mr Charles S Abel1 c8 d ti 11-L-0559 OSD 866 UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFFENSE- -r -4000 DEFENSE PENTAQqN ‘- W A S H I N G T O N D C 2030 %%O INFo MEMO y- _ “‘ -5 ‘ ‘ PERSONNEL AND READINESS September 28 2001 2 00 PM FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FROM David S C Chu Under Secretary of D SUBJECT Delegation of Authority for Civilian Cash Awards l In response to your note Tab A while each Component may develop its own awards program the program must be developed and administered within the framework of the Department of Defense policy on awards Tab B Within this framework the type of awards and criteria for awards are varied within any one Component and across the DOD l Each Component has published an awards regulation and has established awards scales based on tangible and intangible benefits which must be applied consistently across the Component Tab C illustrates some examples of criteria within some of the Components l Under the old authority awards over $10 000 were reviewed by the Assistant Secretary of Defense Force Management Policy ASD FMP but OPM had to approve awards in excess of that Annually the ASD FMP reviewed and forwarded to OPM an average of 30 awards over $10 000 with most based strictly on tangible benefits l Delegating the $25 000 authority is consistent with DOD’S policy of giving the Components maximum flexibility to manage their awards programs Currently Component Heads may approve awards up to $10 000 The $10 000 limit was set in 1954 and currently has a value in 1954 dollars of approximately $4 000 l We have not observed any improper use of current awards authority and are confident the Heads of the Components will continue their practice of approving awards for their employees appropriately Coordination Tab D Prepared by Tim Curry ODASD Civilian Personnel Policy 697-5472 11-L-0559 OSD 867 August 8 200l snowflake TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld b 3 lo 27 AM SUBJECT Manning This paper from Dov tells the authorized- it doesn’t tell how many people are in those authorized jobs Thanks Attach 7M l O 1 memos on OSD Manning DHR dh OSO Cll-W’- 11-L-0559 OSD 868 Q 1” 0 Q c b Office of the Secretary of Defense 7-26-01 Authorized Positions Total Civilian Military Total SecDef 27 29 56 Total USD P 284 127 411 Total A T 401 80 481 Total USD C 281 42 323 Total P R 135 85 220 Total OSD 1515 482 1997 Other Activities 7-16-01 Authorized Positions Civilian Military 299 347 646 U S Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces Defense Legal Services Agency Washington Headquarters Services 35 59 104 1 502 3 0 9 169 38 59 113 1671 Total 1999 528 2527 Total American Forces Information Service Office of Economic Adjustment ‘v 1 11-L-0559 OSD 869 Washington Headquarters Services 7-16-01 Authorized Positions Full Time Equivalents Org funding Correspondence Directives o m Civilian 41 Military 29 Total 70 Budget Finance o m 43 0 43 Real Estate Facilities o m 144 9 153 Real Estate Facilities rev funds 736 1 737 Real Estate Facilities bldg mgmt 70 1 71 Personnel Security o m 188 18 206 Federal Voting Association Program o m 13 0 13 Director for Information Operations and Reports o m 43 0 43 General Counsel o m 0 14 Freedom of Information and Security Review o m 18 10 28 Defense Privacy Office o m 1 5 14 4 Miscellaneous Special Programs o m 188 100 288 to include but not limited to mess stewards White House communications agency Petagon Reservation managers Surnmer Hires State Defense Program Cormnission Support and Receptionists in support of SecDef DepSecDef and Senior Staff floaters Total 1502 11-L-0559 OSD 870 169 1671 Component Nun-DC10 Criminal Criminal Non-Criminal Inspectors Other Auditors Investigators lnvestlgator lnvestlgators Note I Note 2 Army U S Army Criminal Investigation Command Army Audit Agency Internal review Navy Naval Criminal Investigation Service Naval Audit Service Marine Corp Non Appropriated Fund Audit Service Other W 541 825 644 46 14 259 86 31 Air Force Air Force Office of Special Investigations Air Force Audit Agency 713 Inspector General DOD 524 928 1373 28 1613 Note 3 13 2 259 636 75 239 39 6619 3164 127 721 1659 1483 541 825 273 1662 259 86 31 554 664 1929 713 346 1184 39 3546 Agencies Activities TOTAL 839 Total 90 2508 2460 15188 NOTES 1 Active duty military civilians assigned to IG positions 2 includes management technical administrative and support policy and oversight and followup personnel 3 Includes HQDA MDW INSCOM and AMC as well as 1400 estimated in Total Army IG offices Printed 7131104 11-L-0559 OSD 871 snowflake November 12 200l 4 39 PM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald SUBJECT Memberships We ought to review this list of memberships and find out who my representative is on each one Then we ought to change the representatives to make sure we have the people we want Please come up with a current list and a proposed list of changes Thanks Attach 1 l 07 01 GC memo to SecDef re Automatic Memberships DHR dh 111201-14 Please respond by 11-L-0559 OSD 872 U14696 02 GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 1600 D E F E N S E PENTAGON WASHINGTON D C 20301-1600 INFO MEMO GENERAL COUNSEL -1 2 1siil November 7 200 1 11 11 a m FOR SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Pw- -- j O FROM William J Haynes II General Counsel Department of Defense SUBJECT l l l l Response to Your Query Concerning Automatic Membership You requested tab B a list of groups of which you are a member by virtue of your position as Secretary of Defense The list at tab A is the result of our search of statutes and Executive Orders establishing Secretary of Defense membership on councils committees and other groups We have not undertaken an exhaustive effort to determine the exact status of many of these committees For most representation has been delegated or has devolved to subordinate DOD officials Some of these committees although still “on the books ” are moribund Your note mentioned the Red Cross The President appoints eight members of the Red Cross Board of Governors traditionally including the Secretary of Defense President Bush has not yet made his appointments COORDINATION NONE Attachments As stated Prepared by John A Casciotti 697-9657 UNCLASSIFIED 11-L-0559 OSD 873 _ Secretarv of Defense Memberships MOST SIGNIFICANT MEMBERSHIPS 1 National Security Council member Committee on Foreign Intelligence member Committee on Transnational Threats member -50 U S C $402 2 President’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Board -Exec Order No 13 231 66 Fed Reg 202 Oct 16 200l -SecDef or designee 3 Homeland Security Council member -Exec Order No 13 228 66 Fed Reg 51812 Oct 82001 4 Counterproliferation Program Review Committee Chairman -22 U S C $275 1 0 -SecDef may designate a DASD-level or above representative to perform his routine duties -DepSecDef designated Committee Chairman -USD AT L Chairs interagency group supporting committee OTHER MEMBERSHIPS 5 Invasive Species Council member -Exec Order No 13112 64 Fed Reg 6183 Feb 3 1999 -Primary Representative is ADUSD E Mr John P Woodley 6 U S Coral Reef Task Force member -Exec Order No 13089 63 Fed Reg 32701 Jun 11 1998 16 U S C $6401 note 7 American Heritage Rivers Interagency Committee member -Exec Order No 13061 62 Fed Reg 48445 Sep 11 1997 -SecDef or ASD-level designee 8 Export Administrative Review Board member -Exec Order No 12981 60 Fed Reg 62981 Dec 5 1995 continues the Board established by Exec Order No 11533 Jun 4 1970 and Exec Order No 12002 Jul 7 1977 amended by Exec Order No 13020 Oct 12 1996 Exec Order No 13026 Nov 15 1996 andExec OrderNo 13118 Mar 31 1999 11-L-0559 OSD 874 ’ -No alternate Board member shall be designated but the acting SecDef or Deputy Secretary may serve in lieu of SecDef -Board responsible for interagency dispute resolution concerning export license applications Board meets only when necessary to resolve dispute 9 Board of Directors National Veterans Business Development Corporation nonvoting ex officio member -15 U S C $657 10 National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors member -15 U S C $4632 -SecDef or designee -DDR E advised that the Committee ceased activities in 1992 11 Trade Policy Committee member -Exec Order No 12188 45 Fed Reg 989 Jan 2 1980 reprinted in 19 U S C $2171 note -SecDef may designate a subordinate officer at the ASD-level to go in his stead to meetings when he is unable to attend 0- 12 National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board ex officio member -20 U S C @30 -DOD Historian advised that Board met once in 1980 13 DOD Advisory Council on Dependent’s Education cochairman -20 U S C $929 -SecDef or SecDef designee 14 Board of Directors U S Institute of Peace member -22 U S C $4605 -SecDef may designate an DOD PAS official 15 White House Commission on the National Moment of Remembrance member -Pub L No 106-579 36 U S C $116 note -SecDef or designee 16 Advisory Committee on Women Veterans ex officio member -38 U S C $542 -SecDef or SecDef designee after consultation with DACOWITS -DACOWITS Military Director is SecDef designee 0 17 Advisory Council on Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance member -38 U S C $1974 -DODD 1341 3 “Servicemen’s Group Life Insurance ” assigns the DOD Comptroller 3 11-L-0559 OSD 875 responsibility for financial policy and ASD FMP responsibility for administrative policy of the SGLI Program -Council meets once a year 18 Professional Certification and Licensure Advisory Committee ex officio member -38 U S C $3689 19 Advisory Committee on Veterans Employment and Training ex officio non-voting member -38 U S C $4110 -Committee meets quarterly 20 National Capital Planning Commission ex officio member -40 U S C §71a -SecDef from time-to-time may designate an alternate to serve in his stead -SecDef designee is Jerry Shiplett Special Assistant to the Director Real Estate and Facilities 21 Interagency Council on the Homeless -42 U S C $11312 -SecDef or designee 22 Civilian Community Corps Advisory Board member -42 U S C $12623 23 Corporation for National and Community Service ex officio non-voting member -42 U S C 512651a 24 Interagency Task Force on the Economic Development of the Southwest Border member -Exec Order No 13 122 64 Fed Reg 29201 May 25 1999 -Task Force terminates May 15 2002 unless the Task Force reaches a consensus recommending continuation of activities 25 Economic Adjustment Committee Chairman yearly rotating basis w Secretaries of Commerce and Labor or member -Exec Order No 12 788 57 Fed Reg 2213 Jan 21 1992 -SecDef or designated principal deputy -Director Office of Economic Adjustment DUSD IA I serves as Committee Chair 11-L-0559 OSD 876 snowflake October 17 200l 7 04 AM Jim Haynes Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Automatic Membership Please pull together a list of all the things I am automatically a member of because of my role as Secretary of Defense For example I understand I am now a member of the Homeland Security Council Of course I am also a member of the Cabinet and the National Security Council Are there other things like that As I recall the last time I was here I was a member of the board of the Red Cross Please let me know Thanks DHR dh 101701-3 11-L-0559 OSD 877 snowflake November’12 2tiO1 i ‘x ‘i 5d3 PM ‘ TO ‘ x “ h FROM SUE3JECT Larry Di Rita Donald Rumsfeld % Format for Memos Please tell people to stop using only their titles an art using their names in addition to the titles on correspondence Here is a memo I don’t know who these people are This is not the way to do business They should put their names on memos so I know who they are Also please give me David Trachtenberg’s background I would like to see who he is Thanks Attach 1 l 09 01 ASD ISP memo to ExecSec DHR dh 111201-20 B 9 B 8 B Please respond by 11-L-0559 OSD 878 ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 2900 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON DC 20301-2900 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY POLICY MEMORANDUM FOR EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT THROUGH UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR P FROM ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY POLICY Prepared by Mr Stephens 614-4533 SUBJECT Absence from Washington DC Area I will be on TDY from the Washington DC area to New York City from 1530 9 November 200 1 through 000 1 12 November 200 1 In my absence Mr David Trachtenberg Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense International Security Policy will oversee the organization as Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense International Security Policy Distribution OUSD P ADMIN SECDEF MA DEPSECDEF MA ISP DASDs USD P MA ISA PDUSD P SOLIC DTUSD P PS CMD NMCC 11-L-0559 OSD 879 snowflake RE ’ I I Calendar i Set me up with Pete Aldridge to discuss this memo on weapons be fine Thanks DHRIazn 112301 06 Attach Memo dated 1 l 9 01 re Weapons Respond by 11-L-0559 OSD 880 @‘ een minutes would “’ b ’ snowflake November 9 200l 2 46 PM TO Gen Myers Dov Zakheim cc Paul Wolfowitz FROM Donald Rumsfeld % SUEUECT Weapons FYI attached is a memo in response to my memo of October 30 Thanks Attach 11 08 O 1 USD AT L memo to SecDef “Gunship-Like Weapons” DHR dh 1lO Nl-13 Please respond by 11-L-0559 OSD 881 MN 9 mt i November 8 2001 To Secretary of Defense From Pete Aldrid Qi Subject Gunship-Like Weapons You sent me a note stating “we need more weapon systems like the AC-130 where the ordnance can be directed in a more precise way ” I agree and this memo will describe what we are doing Two general points First the use of the gunship requires air superiority and some self defense capability from ground fire The gunships have been used infrequently and one could suspect that their proficiency has eroded over time Second the gunship’s advantage is that it couples target identification man-in-the-loop decision making and organic firepower in a single platform The older Air Force A-10s possess similar capabilities This leads me to suggest the following --maximum the use of gunship crew training to enhance current effectiveness --upgrade the current gunship fleet with additional capabilities such as small UAVs and air-to-surface missiles to augment their guns and cannons we have been in contact with the SOF at Hulbert AFB to start such a program --augment the gunships with UCAVs but this will take some time to get the UCAVs of sufficient size even to achieve a fraction of the kill capability of the AC-130 we are currently working on 3000 pound payload UCAVs --refine the target kill chain-target ID decision and rapid target destruction-to “mimic” the gunship in its operation requiring an integrated approach sensors decision making and lethality we have a Time Sensitive Target Study underway to do this For Information Only 11-L-0559 OSD 882 October 30 200l 3 09 PM snowflake TO Pete Aldridge FROM h Donald Rumsfeld SUBJECT Weapon Systems We need more weapon systems that are like the AC-130 where the ordnance can be directed in a more precise way than can some of our other platforms and weapons Thanks DHR dh 103001-56 Please respond by 11-L-0559 OSD 883 snowflake December 3 200l 6 02 PM TO Torie Clarke FROM Donald Rumsfeld a ’ SUBJECT Quote Here is an article where they say I was asked if U S forces cave complex I don’t remember them askin mentioned that someone had talked about doing that es had put water in a tunnel have a choice to surrender and that the oppositio Then I said people would do what is necessar pointed out that people do I wasn’t talking about gas You ought to check the text Thanks Attach 12 03 O 1 Siro Press Review DHR dh 120301-50 D D D Please respond by u14754 02 11-L-0559 OSD 884 TO SECOEF F R O M DATE December 5 200l SUBJECT Quote from “Meet the Press” Attached please find transcript pages from last Sunday’s “Meet the Press ” One could infer from your response to Russert’s question about using gas on tunnels that you haven’t ruled it out 11-L-0559 OSD 885 SIR0 PRESS REVIEW MONDAY 3 DECEMBER 2001 G H L I G H T S SECDEFHASSEEM ml 0 3 2001 1 MIDDLE EAST A suicide bomber detonated nail-studded explosives on a bus in Haifa Sunday killing 15 people just hours after Islamic militants set off deadly explosions in downtown Jerusalem The two suicide attacks and a Gaza shooting killed 26 people -- many of them teens -- and injured nearly 200 Condemning the bombings in Israel as acts of terrorism UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan told Palestinian leaders to take immediate and decisive action to punish those responsible for the carnage According to Palestinian security source quoted in Palestinian press Palestinian security agencies in the West Bank arrested 50 members of Hamas and the Islamic Jihad Movement on Sunday Israel's cabinet will hold an emergency meeting on Monday to decide on new steps to combat a fresh wave of Palestinian attacks a senior Israeli official said after talks on Sunday between President Bush and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon Asked about a declared Palestinian state of emergency to rein in militants the official said Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat tells tales whenever he's afraid The official said Israel no longer expected effective action from Arafat whom Sharon has accused of directing attacks against Israelis and that Israel would act on its own to stop the violence -AP FBIS REUTERS 2 DEC Ol2 AFGHAN CAMPAIGN According to Qatari press on Sunday Mawlawi Abidallah governor of Spin Boldak said that the Taleban Movement will not negotiate its surrender with the tribes American forces in Afghanistan now numbering up to 2 000 troops may resort to extraordinary measures to crush the Taleban militia and root out al-Qa'ida terrorists from fortified cave and tunnel hide-outs according to U S Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld When asked if the U S forces would pour gas into the cave yl_l complexes to flush out the terrorists Rumsfeld replied One will do whatever it is necessary to do If people will not surrender made their choice He did note that opposition forces had flooded a tunnel in Mazar-e Sharif For now the U S -led campaign is relying on the persuasive power of airstrikes near Kandahar and in the mountains south of Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan They are also relying on the incentive of $25 million in reward money for information from Afghan locals on the whereabouts of Usama bin Laden and his lieutenants Russia opened a hiqh-tech hospital in Kabul Sunday but a crowd of Afghans standinq behind Russian guards remained deeply sceptical about their intentions L AP FBIS REUTERS 2 ISEi Ol3 AFGHANISTAN RESTRUCTURING According to Agence France Presse on Monday the head of Afghanistan's new interim authority will come from royalists loyal to the ex-king while the Northern Alliance will hold on to the Defense Ministry Alliance foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah said the names for an interim government had yet to be discussed -FBIS 3 DEC OlP S U L E S 1 SPAIN Basque separatist group ETA claimed responsibility on Sunday for killing two local police officers last month -REUTERS 2 DEC Ol2 RUSSIA A military cargo plane with 18 people on board caught fire and crashed Sunday in the Russian Far East while attempting an emergency landing -AP 2 DEC Ol3 YUGOSLAVIA The NATO-led KFOR peacekeeping force in Kosovo announced on Sunday it had detained six people during a major weapons search across the UN-governed province -REUTERS 2 DEC Ol- 11-L-0559 OSD 886 4 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES The rulers of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates re-elected Abu Dhabi's ruler Sheikh Zaid bin Sultan al-Nahayan on Sunday as president of the oil rich federation for a further five-year term -REUTERS 2 DEC Ol5 SWAZILAND According to an announcement made on Sunday Swaziland's King Mswati III has appointed political conservatives and royal family members to draft the nation's first constitution since his father overturned it in 1973 -REUTERS 2 DEC Ol6 INDIA Maoist rebels used explosives to blow up the home of-regional minister Arabinda Dhali's home and a police station in northern India on Monday -REUTERS 3 DEC Ol7 NEPAL Nepal reinforced troops fighting an uprising by Maoist insurgents on Sunday as the rebels attacked government installations and a foreign aid agency -REUTERS 2 DEC Ol8 SRI LANKA Sri Lanka's leading parties running neck and neck in violent campaigning for a snap parliamentary election were set to bring their efforts to a climax with massive rallies on Sunday night The elections are set for 5 December -REUTERS 2 DEC OlT R A V E L 1 RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER IGOR IVANOV arrived in Bucharest on 2 December 2 CROATIAN PRESIDENT STIPE MESIC arrived in Kiev on 2 December 3 LESOTHO PRIME MINISTER PAKALITHA MOSISILI arrived in Beijing on 2 December 4 DUTCH FOREIGN MINISTER JOZIAS VAN AARTSEN arrived in Tehran on 2 December 11-L-0559 OSD 887 DOD News Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with NBC Meet the Press A Rumsfeld We will argue vigorously against any anyone attempting to make an arrangement that would let him go We are not physically in control of Afghanistan The opposition forces that have been opposing the Taliban are the ones that are physically on the ground We’ve got some handfuls of people you know a thousand or something 1 500 2 000 in that range 1 500 to 2 000 people in a big country So what we have to do is constantly work with those opposition leaders so that they understand how determined we are that those senior Taliban and senior al Qaeda leaders are not released and that the foreigners are not released to go destabilize another country Russert The search for Osama bin Laden There is constant discussion about him hiding out in caves and I think many times the American people have a perception that it’s a little hole dug out of a side of a mountain Rumsfeld Oh no Russert The Times of London did a graphic which I want to put on the screen for you and our viewers This is it This is a fortress This is a very much a complex multi-tiered bedrooms and offices on the top as you can see secret exits on the side and on the bottom cut deep to avoid thermal detection so when our planes fly to try to determine if any human beings are in there it’s built so deeply down and embedded in the mountain and the rock it’s hard to detect And over here valleys guarded as you can see by some Taliban soldiers A ventilation system to allow people to breathe and to carry on An arms and ammunition depot And you can see here the exits leading into it and the entrances large enough to drive trucks and cars and even tanks And it’s own hydroelectric power to help keep lights on even computer systems and telephone systems It’s a very sophisticated operation Rumsfeld Oh you bet This is serious business And there’s not one of those There are many of those And they have been used very effectively And I might add Afghanistan is not the only country that has gone underground Any number of countries have gone underground The tunneling equipment that exists today is very powerful It’s dual use It’s available across the globe And people have recognized the advantages of using underground protection for themselves Russert It may take us going from cave to cave with a great group of men I know in the United States military the tunnel rats to try to flush out Osama bin Laden Rumsfeld We’re entering a very dangerous aspect of this conflict There is no question about it It is a confused situation in the country The amount of real estate they have to operate on has continually been reduced The noose is tightening but the remaining task is a particularly dirty and unpleasant one 9 Russert If need be would we put gas into those caves to flush them out Rumsfeld Well I noticed that in Mazar the way they finally got the dead-enders to come out was by flooding the tunnel And finally they came up and surrendered the last hard core al Qaeda elements And I guess one will do whatever it is necessary to do If people will not surrender then they’ve made their choice 3ofll 11-L-0559 OSD 888 12 5 01 7 18 AM DOD News Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with NBC Meet the Press I Russert Let me turn to the situation on the ground This is a headline from the Washington Post “U S talks to Moscow about force in Kabul taken off guard by the arrival of scores of Russian troops in Kabul ” Colin Powell spoke to the foreign minister by phone and urged Moscow to avoid abrupt diplomatic and military moves in Afghanistan Are we surprised are we concerned the Russians are trying to reassert their influence in Afghanistan by sending in troops with our permission Rumsfeld Actually I did receive a call from the minister of defense on the subject indicating that they wanted to bring some planes in The planes were cleared for the Bagram Airport and they indicated what they were bringing in the numbers of people and what the purpose was It was to begin to reestablish some diplomatic activity and to have sufficient forces to protect that diplomatic activity to move toward some humanitarian assistance I am not concerned at the moment I have not seen anything in their behavior that was untoward Russert Other countries Let me show you another headline from the New York Times “Many eager to help few are chosen ” Thirty-five countries offered to help send aircraft ships soldiers to help hunt down Taliban and al Qaeda and support those forces But they’ve been basically doing nothing but support Why not bring in the Brits the French the Turks to help us in this search Rumsfeld Well first of all they’ve been doing a lot more than your comment suggests They have ships They have provided intelligence We have coalition forces physically on the ground operating in Afghanistan today non-U S coalition forces One of the issues has been that the United States seems to have persuaded Afghanistan that we do not covet their land that we do not want to stay that we are there to rid that country of the Taliban and the al Qaeda And Afghans are historically skeptical about non-Afghans And so when we try to bring in coalition forces to assist us sometimes we’ve had difficulty That is to say the forces on the ground have not quite been ready to bring in other countries besides the United States So we have some foreign nationals non-U S coalition partners in there But it takes a good deal of discussion with those opposition forces And that is what’s caused some of the delay We are very anxious to have the right kind of help Second the work going on in Bonn to try to figure out whether or not there’s a need for stabilizing forces is taking place And until some decision is made as to whether or not it‘s appropriate to have a peacekeeping force and if so what countries might be most appropriate to make up that peacekeeping force I think that it is not surprising that the peacekeeping force has not gone in Russert Once Taliban has been destroyed Osama bin Laden in custody there’ll be a need for a multinational force peacekeeping force as you said in Afghanistan to help stabilize it Rumsfeld That’s not clear If the forces on the ground are able to provide a stable situation such that the humanitarian aid can get in then there wouldn’t be a need for an international peacekeeping force 4ofll 11-L-0559 OSD 889 12 5 01 7 18 AM snowflake December 1 200l 9 26 AM TO Larry Di Rita FROM Donald Rumsfeld % SUBJECT Burial at Arlington i I q e @0 Where do Joyce and I fit in regards to the issue of burial at Arlington Thanks Attach Eligibility Requirements for Arlington National Cemetery DHFkdh 120101-8 Please respond by U14784 11-L-0559 OSD 890 02 e nd Burial at Arlington National Cemetery Forces except for training purposes only R y service with the Armed Forces tive duty other than for training is retired If 60 and is drawing retired pay s separated honorably prior to October 1 nt or greater disability rating awarded one of the following decorations Zross Air Force Cross or Navy Cross ledal United States D E C I 2001 -Jd w J 4x4 rlGc c a5-R rho served on active duty other than for ving positions nt States or an Associate Justice of the II held the position in 5 U S C 5312 or hedule or I under the provisions of 22 U S C 66 dum dated March 21 1988 le a POW served honorably in the lied on or after November 30 1993 I ne spouse widow or widower minor children permanently dependent children and certain unmarried adult children of any of the above eligible veterans The surviving spouse minor children permanently dependent children of any eligible veterans buried in Arlington National Cemetery 11-L-0559 OSD 891 Eligibility Requirements for Columbarium Inurnment a Any member of the Armed Forces who dies on active duty b Any former member of the Armed Forces who retired from active duty c Any former member of the Armed Forces who served on active duty other than for training purposes d Any member of a Reserve component of the Armed Forces who dies while l On active duty for training or performing full-time service under Title 32 United States Code l On authorized inactive duty training including training performed as a member of the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard 23 USC 502 or l Hospitalized or being treated at the expense of the United States for an injury or disease incurred or contracted while on that duty or service performing that travel or inactive duty training or undergoing that hospitalization or treatment at the expense of the United States e Any member of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps of the Army Navy or Air Force whose death occurs while l Attending an authorized training camp l On an authorized practice cruise l Hospitalized or receiving treatment at the expense of the United Sates for injury or disease incurred while attending that camp or cruise performing that travel or receiving that hospitalization or treatment at the expense of the United States f Any citizen of the United States who during any war in which the United States has been engaged served in the Armed Forces of any government allied with the United States during that war whose last service ended honorably by death or otherwise and was a citizen of the United States at the time of entry into that service and at the time of death g Certain commissioned officers of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration formerly the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and U S Public Health Service h Spouses minor children and certain adult children of those listed above k A former member of a group certified as active military service for the purpose of receiving benefits by the U S Department of Veterans Affairs by the provisions of Section 401 Public Law 95-202 11-L-0559 OSD 892 snowflake December 27 200l 9 42 AM TO Gen Franks cc Gen Myers FROM Donald Rumsfeld SUEUECT Looking Ahead Attached is an article from the New York Times from December 27 that is well worth reading It might give us some thoughts as to how we want our footprint arranged in the Middle East after things settle down The time to get started may be sooner rather than later Thanks Attach 12 27 01 New York Times Douglas Jehl “Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away’ DHR dh 122701-24 Please respond by 11-L-0559 OSD 893 9837 101 - Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 1 of 9 New York Times December 27 200l Pg 1 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away By Douglas Jehl RIYADH Saudi Arabia Dec 21 - In the last decade as thousands of young Saudis left their country to wage Islamic holy war Saudi leaders let them go aware of the danger they might pose to the United States but more focused on the danger they wouId pose at home At least four times in the last six years Saudis who were trained or recruited in Afghanistan Chechnya Kosovo or Bosnia have been among the terrorists who carried out bombings of American targets - in Saudi Arabia Kenya Tanzania and Yemen But not until October after the American military campaign in Afghanistan began did Saudi Arabia detain young men trying to join that fight UntiI then the Saudi roya family performed a dipIomatic and political balancing act Choosing accommodation over confrontation the government shied away from a crackdown on militant clerics or their followers a move that would have inflamed the religious right the disaffected returnees from other wars and a growing number of unemployed It appears to have been a miscalculation of global proportions Western diplomats now say As they look back to examine the roots of the Sept 11 attacks officials in Saudi Arabia Europe and the United States describe a similar pattern In country after country Al Qaeda’s networks took hold often with the knowledge of local intelligence and security agencies But on the rare occasions that countries did address the terrorist threat they chose to deal with it as a local issue rather than an interlocking global network The result for Osama bin Laden’s most audacious strike against the United States Europe was his forward base Saudi Arabia his pool of recruits the United States a vulnerable target In interviews here former senior Saudi officials said they had recognized the exodus of warriors as a source for concern for the kingdom and its American ally But they insisted that they thought the danger could be contained Only after Sept 11 did Saudi Arabia cut diplomatic ties to the Taliban government of Afghanistan which was spreading a fundamentalist form of Sunni Islam dear to the Saudis even as it forged ever closer ties with Al Qaeda The Taliban were recognized by just three countries The severing of ties appears to have been belated In the waning days of the Taliban and Al Qaeda in Afghanistan a former Saudi official estimated this month that the number of Saudis there as combatants prisoners or casualties probably numbered between 600 and 700 and possibly as many as 1 000 As many as 25 000 Saudis received military training or experience abroad since 1979 according to estimates by royal Saudi intelligence Rather than prevent young Saudis from enlisting in military ventures abroad or silence the sheiks encouraging them some officials say Saudi Arabia has mostly tried to deflect the problem outside its 11-L-0559 OSD 894 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 2 of 9 borders “The Saudis’ policies made the world safer for Saudi Arabia and the Saudi regime ” said Martin Indyk an assistant secretary of state for Middle East policy during the Clinton administration who has become a prominent critic of the Saudi strategy “I don’t think it was their intention to make it unsafe for the United States But that was the actual if unintended consequence of buying off the opposition and exporting both the troublemakers and their extremist ideology ” Saudi officials say that an aggressive effort to stop the flow of holy warriors or halt financial transfers to militant groups or address the sources of a drifi toward radicalism might have only inflamed the sentiment of extremists who saw both the Saudi government and the United States as their targets “There was absolutely no way and no reason to stop them from going ” said one former senior Saudi official He said that his government had “of course” seen the jihadis or holy warriors as a major problem and had tried to monitor their travels with help from foreign governments But he insisted that the young Saudis would have found a way around any barriers that were imposed Although a blanket ban on travel is clearly not enforceable Western officials say that the Saudi government could have made a greater effort to identify potential terrorists or jihadis and disrupted their travel plans Since Sept 11 for example the Saudi government has discouraged travel - especially those under suspicion - to countries like Afghanistan Among 15 Saudi hijackers who helped to carry out the Sept 11 attacks American officials say some came from this new generation of jihadis apparently recruited while traveling Others were apparently recruited in Saudi Arabia itself But none appeared on any Saudi watchlist an American official said A former American ambassador to Saudi Arabia said that the problems posed by an exodus that exposed young Saudis to further extremism and to members of Mr bin Laden’s Al Qaeda organization should have meant that the issue was addressed directly But he said the United States had never pressed for Saudi action “Alarm bells should have rung ” said Wyche Fowler Jr the former ambassador who served in Riyadh until the beginning of this year “Someone should have said wait a minute we can’t have people ’ marching off to choose their own jihad without examining the foreign policy and security repercussions ” Through its history Saudi Arabia has always tried to balance contradictory goals preserving ties to the United States and the West its defender in the Persian Gulf war while accommodating what most analysts view as a deeply conservative majority that sees those ties as alien and potentially harmful to Islamic interests The United States meanwhile has tried to balance its heavy dependence on Saudi oil - it imports about 18 percent of its oil from the kingdom - with concerns about radicalism within the country It has been wary of undermining or questioning the Saudi royal family On both sides of a crucial alliance hesitation and caution long prevailed over the confrontation of difficult issues Until Sept 11 the Saudi balancing act seemed to be acceptable The participation of its citizens in the earlier attacks had not received much attention in the West At home an internal terrorist threat that had flared in 1995 and 1996 seemed to have been shut down http ebird dtic miliDec2OOl e20011227holy htm 11-L-0559 OSD 895 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 3 of 9 But with the attacks of Sept 11 American and some Saudi officials say shortcomings in the Saudi approach have become clearer In one of two go-minute interviews for this article a former senior Saudi official acknowledged that his government might have underestimated the extent of the problem but he said the full dimensions of the problem had become apparent only with hindsight “That there were people calling for jihad against America well bin Laden had been calling for that for the last three years ” said the former Saudi official who spoke on the condition of anonymity “The call had been there the declaration had been there But the fact that we had people who were willing not only to heed that call but to go against everything Islamic that was unimaginable ” A Sheik’s Influence Young Saudis Intent On Becoming Martyrs In a cramped office at the rear of Princess Zohra Mosque Sheik Saleh al-Sadlaan is dispensing judgments that carry enormous weight On this night his callers in person and by phone line up for his rulings on countless matters Islamic from divorce to fasting and prayer The hardest questions he says include some that have become among the most frequent Is it time young Saudis want to know to wage jihad in the defense of the Muslims whose suffering appears nightly on their television screens from places like Chechnya and the Middle East “If he says go we will go because he is our sheik ” declared a prayer caller Abdul Hadi 24 In fact Sheik Sadlaan said he had spent years trying to persuade his best young Saudis to stay home But his advice seems tinged with ambivalence “If he truly wants to defend Islam that is one thing ” he said “If he just wants to be brave that is something else ” In the last few years he said young men have come to him “more often than I can say ” ready to leave their lives as students behind having set their sights on martyrdom A half-blind man of 61 Sheik Sadlaan is a professor at the kingdom’s leading Islamic university and a religious adviser to a senior member of the royal family What he says carries the weight of the ulemaa Saudi Arabia’s official religious establishment and what he says carefully is that the king is his in-ram and the king does not currently advise young men to march off to holy war But asked about other scholars like Sheik Hamoud al-Shuaibi who since Sept 11 and the American retaliation have openly called for jihad against the United States Sheik Sadlaan stops short of condemnation “He made a mistake but it was not a major one and it does not detract from his reputation ” he said of Sheik Shuaibi a former teacher Even the Saudi government is not known to have taken action against Sheik Shuaibi despite his statements that those who support infidels or unbelievers should be considered unbelievers themselves a statement that would seem perilously close to treason in Saudi Arabia still home to more than 5 000 American troops Out of roughly 10 000 religious scholars in the kingdom perhaps just 150 embrace such a radical view according to American estimates But among this group only a handful is known to have been detained by Saudi authorities since Sept 11 and in the videotape recently broadcast in the United States Mr bin 11-L-0559 OSD 896 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 4 of 9 Laden was eager to know how Saudi scholars had interpreted his actions ‘What is the stand of the mosques there ” Mr bin Laden was heard to ask “Honestly they are very positive ” answered the visitor identified by a senior Saudi official as Khaled al-Harbi a veteran of conflicts in Afghanistan Chechnya and Bosnia who named several Saudi scholars as having spoken out in favor of Mr bin Laden’s campaign Even if only a small fraction of Saudi religious scholars are sympathetic to such causes Sheik Sadlaan acknowledged that some Saudis saw their rulings as more credib%%i ecause of liiiio ties to the government and the royal family The mosque is named for the mother of his patron Prince Abdelaziz bin Fahd a minister of state and the son of the king In 9 cases in 10 the sheik estimated juggling a visitor’s questions with the demands of an insistent phone he had persuaded young Saudis to set aside their dreams of jihad But he wondered how often his advice made a real difference “If they don’t like what I have to say ” he said “they’ll go to some other scholar who will tell them what they want to hear ” Bin Laden’s Rise An Early Glimpse Of Militant Forces Shortly after Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait in 1990 Osama bin Laden approached Prince Sultan bin Abdelaziz al-Saud the Saudi defense minister with an unusual proposition Mr bin Laden had recently returned from Afghanistan heady with victory in the drive backed by Saudi Arabia and the United States to expel the Soviet occupiers As recounted by Prince Turki bin Faisal then the Saudi intelligence chief and by another Saudi official the episode foreshadowed a worrying turn Victorious in Afghanistan Mr bin Laden clearly craved more battles and he no longer saw the United States as a partner but as a threat and potential enemy to Islam Arriving with maps and many diagrams Mr -bin Laden told Prince Sultan that the kingdom could avoid the indignity of allowing an army of American unbelievers to enter the kingdom to repel Iraq from Kuwait He could lead the fight himself he said at the head of an group of former mujahedeen that he said could number 100 000 men Prince Sultan had received Mr bin Laden warmly but he reminded him that the Iraqis had 4 000 tanks according to one account “There are no caves in Kuwait “ the prince is said to have noted “You cannot fight them from the mounta and caves What will you do when he lobs the missiles at you with chemical and biological weapons ” Mr bin Laden replied “We fight him with faith ” The conversation ended soon afterward and the proposal was left to rest But Saudi officials now say that the episode offered an early glimpse of several of the forces the kingdom would spend the rest of the decade trying to contain 11-L-0559 OSD 897 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 5 of 9 One such force was represented by Saudi veterans of the Afghan war at least 15 000 men who had helped to drive the Soviets from Afghanistan in the name of Islam Many returned to ordinary lives but others did not Some remained in exile abroad enlisting in other conflicts in places like Bosnia Others were jailed by the Saudi government In one sign of concern a person knowledgeable about the kingdom said the Saudi interior ministry conducted extensive psychological profiling of 2 500 veterans in an effort to identify those who were a potential security threat A second force was Mr bin Laden himself who soon returned to Pakistan As early as 1992 Prince Turki said “We started receiving information that he was active in recruiting Saudis to go there and that he was in cahoots so to speak with some very unsavory characters from Egyptian Al Jihad to Algerian groups people who espouse terror as a means to carry out political ends ” A third was anti-Americanism which gave further ammunition to Mr bin Laden’s cause particularly when American troops stayed behind in Saudi Arabia after the Persian Gulf war Mr bin Laden was only one among the critics who said that the presence of “infidel” forces for the protection of the kingdom showed that the ruling al-Saud family was no longer legitimate since its responsibilities included the protection of Islam’s holiest sites at Mecca and Medina At the same time Saudi officials concede the problem of internal discontent was intensifying for other reasons a surging population stagnant revenues that sent per capita income plunging and growing unemployment Some of that disenchantment prompted direct criticism of the Saudi government Royal profligacy and corruption were increasingly seen as indefensible The response was evasive For decades a former senior Saudi official said the Saudi approach has been “to argue and then to co- opt in a way and to act as if crimes weren’t committed unless there were actual calls for an uprising against the government ” In the case of Mr bin Laden who by 1992 had in fact called for a toppling of the government the Saudis moved slowly They stripped him of his citizenship in 1994 But their attitude still betrayed uncertainty for several years they relied on emissaries from Mr bin Laden’s family in the hope they could persuade him to change officials said Among a series of shocks that brought extremism to the kingdom the first came in November 1995 with a bombing in Riyadh that killed 5 Americans and wounded 37 Within months four Saudis had confessed to the crime including one who had served in Afghanistan saying they had been inspired by Mr bin Laden’s calls to oust the nonbelieving forces from the kingdom Then in June of 1996 came a second attack The bombing of an air base in the eastern city of Al Khobar killed 19 American airmen and wounded hundreds more Mr bin Laden was long suspected of involvement but Saudi and American investigators ultimately discounted that theory blaming Saudi Shiite Muslims with ties to Iran Mr bin Laden declared war against the United States in 1996 and two years later he announced the forging of his “Coalition Against Crusaders Christians and Jews ” Yet it was not until June 1998 that 11-L-0559 OSD 898 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 6 of 9 the Saudis sought his arrest On a trip to Afghanistan Prince Turki won what he said had been agreement from Mu h Muhammad Omar to surrender Mr bin Laden Three months later after the August 1998 bombings of the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania Mullah Omar reneged “We didn’t leave any stone unturned ” Prince Turki said in an interview of the effort to secure Mr bin Laden’s arrest He said his government had maintained relations with the Taliban even afterward despite the fact that Mr bin Laden’s group had been implicated in the August attacks in order to “leave a door open” for a Taliban change of heart In fact it seems clear that Saudi ambivalence toward a movement close to its own Wahhabi interpretation of Islam persisted Some American experts did question whether the Saudi government was prepared to bring Mr bin Laden back home and face a potential backlash from his admirers “I think there was a conscious idea among the Saudis that they would rather have Osama in the Hindu Kush than anywhere else ” said F Gregory Gause III an expert on Saudi Arabia at the University of Vermont In the Kenya attack the terrorists included Mohamed Rashed Daoud al-‘Owhali a Saudi who later confessed to being recruited in Afghanistan In the next major terrorist attack the bombing in Yemen of the destroyer Cole in October 2000 another Saudi Tawflq al-A h who lost a leg in Afghanistan has been identified by American officials as a likely leader In response to these events the Saudis stepped up their supply of intelligence to the United States on Mr bin Laden and his Al Qaeda network officials from both countries said George J Tenet the director of central intelligence traveled four times to Saudi Arabia between 1996 and 2000 Mr Fowler the ambassador worked closely but secretly with Bakr bin Laden the dissident’s elder brother to shut down sources of Al Qaeda’s financing At the same time the Saudis stepped up their oversight of money transfers But one problem persisted the charities whose funds sometimes found their way into the hands of extremists included prominent members of the royal family on their boards With more conflicts involving Muslims breaking out in Bosnia Chechnya and elsewhere many Saudis reached deep into their wallet Since 1992 one Saudi charity the Al Haramin Foundation has increased twentyfold in size distributing hundreds of millions of dollars over those years to schools and refugee camps in what officials of the group say are strictly humanitarian missions American officials say this largesse has been prone to significant “leakage ” with money channeled to extremist causes and terrorist groups “The Saudi government never intentionally funded terrorism that’s nonsense ” argued a former State Department official with long service in the region “But what you had was a really serious command and control problem ” Sharing Intelligence Cautious Cooperation But Strained Ties Almost every day since Sept 11 an F B I official based at United States Embassy in Riyadh has met with Saudi counterparts to discuss the investigation regular face-to- face encounters that both sides regard as a major development in intelligence-sharing between the two countries http ebird dtic mil Dec2OOl e20011227holy htm 11-L-0559 OSD 899 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As RuIers Looked Away Page 7 of 9 But the two sides still walk on eggshells the Americans careful in their questions and the Saudis guarded in their answers American officials said Even in the post-Sept 11 meetings one senior Bush administration official said the Saudis “dribble out a morsel of insignificant information one day at a time ” There are reasons for such caution Saudi and American officials say The very idea of close ties between the home of IsIam’s holy sites and the West remains alien to many Saudis Since the Persian Gulf war of 1991 the partnership has come under increasing strain because of differences over Israel and Iraq over the American troop presence and over terrorism on which American requests for cooperation have often been perceived as insensitive to Saudi sovereignty “The United States sometimes expects Saudi Arabia to do publicly what they are willing to do only privately ” said David Mack a former deputy assistant secretary of state who served during the early 1990’s as the top American diplomat in Riyadh “They do not by inclination like to talk about what they’re doing whether it’s good or bad ” Still some American officials say the United States has leaned much too far in the direction of deference thus failing to avert terrorist attacks In the mid- 1990’s one administration official recalled the Saudis would not acknowledge the existence of a Shiite Muslim group called Saudi Hezbollah which was later acknowledged by the Saudis to have been among those responsible for the 1996 bombing in Al Khobar “They would take our request and promise to get back to us and never did ” the official said On the issue of Saudis heading off to holy war Mr Fowler the former ambassador said “I’m willing to acknowledge up front that we missed it It’s the kind of thing that with hindsight I wish I had thought to raise ” Even on terrorist financing Secretary of Defense Donald H Rumsfeld said during a visit to the kingdom in September that he had not asked the Saudis to freeze the assets of people and groups linked to Mr bin Laden even though the United States had asked all countries to do so He said at a news conference that such matters were being handled by others “We understand that each country is different ” he said “each country lives in a different neighborhood has a different perspective and has different sensitivities and different practices and we do not expect every nation on the face of the earth to be publicly engaged in every single activity the United States is Not infrequently Saudi and American officials say the tiptoeing results in miscommunication This month a delegation led by a senior State Department official arrived in Riyadh the Saudi capital to discuss the issue of terrorist financing only to find that the kingdom’s most senior princes were already in or on their way to Jidda for their annual retreat in the last 10 days of Ramadan For their part Saudi officials say they were angry that the United States has not shared in advance some of its investigative findings including the recent videotape showing Mr bin Laden and a Saudi visitor Scrambling to respond some Saudi officials mistakenly identified the visitor as a Saudi cleric who it turned out was still in the kingdom A former Central Intelligence Agency official said that American deference and other constraints including efforts by the Saudis to discourage efforts by American diplomats to mingle with ordinary http ebird dtic mil Dec2OOl e20011227holy htm 11-L-0559 OSD 900 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 8 of 9 people had left the United States dangerously dependent on the Saudis for information that could affect American as well as Saudi security “It’s not that there are divisions within the intelligence community about Saudi Arabia ” said the official Kenneth M Pollack who served on the National Security Council staff in the Clinton administration “It’s that the intelligence community doesn’t know ” Undetected Danger Hijackers Remain Mystery to Saudis Saudi officials have revealed next to nothing about the Sept 11 hijackers The official position is that even the theory that Saudi citizens were involved remains unproven But in private Saudi and American officials say the real mystery to the Saudi government is not whether Saudi citizens took part but how so many of them were able to evade detection by the Saudi authorities “All names that have been mentioned in the incident ” Prince Nayef the interior minister said in an interview when asked what his government had learned about the Saudis named by the Americans as hijackers “they do not have the capability to act in a professional way ” The statement amounted to yet another denial of Saudi involvement in the Sept 11 attacks To the Saudis American officials say the fact that the Saudis involved in the assaults were unknown to them was almost as startling as the attacks themselves In recent years the mubahith the Saudi equivalent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation infiltrated Al Qaeda cells within the kingdom while the monitoring of the Saudis fighting abroad was thought to have kept a handle on potential troublemakers American officials say it is now clear that Al Qaeda networks were more deeply entrenched in Saudi Arabia than either the United States or Saudi Arabia understood But they also say the Saudis may have missed clues left by young men like Hani Hanjour a reclusive religious young Saudi who told his family that he was working as a pilot in the United Arab Emirates from 1997 to 2000 but never left a phone number and is now suspected of having been in Afghanistan at least part of that time Among the Saudi hijackers only two including Khalid al-Midhar ever turned up on the State Department’s antiterrorist watchlists American officials say and not until after they entered the United States They had been identified as suspicious not by the Saudi authorities but because they stopped in Malaysia to meet with Mr Atash the suspect in the Cole attack Some American officials say that the Saudis placed a higher premium on hounding potential troublemakers out of the kingdom than keeping tabs once they left “Isn’t it better that they go off and fight a foreign jihad rather than hang around the mosques without a job and cause trouble in Saudi Arabia ” said one such official who spoke on the condition of anonymity in summing up what he called the Saudi view “They’ve radicalized a group that wouldn’t have been so radical had they stayed home ” At the Zohra mosque in Riyadh Sheik Sadlaan said the end of Ramadan seemed like a good time for reflection The news from Afghanistan had been disturbing with the names of young Saudis killed in battle beginning to circulate around the kingdom posted on Web sites but never mentioned in Saudi newspapers which operate under close government supervision 11-L-0559 OSD 901 12 27 2001 Holy War Lured Saudis As Rulers Looked Away Page 9 of 9 The dead included young men like Badr Muhammad al-Shubaneh whose tearful relatives were telling callers that they still could not explain why the 22-year-old college freshman a social studies student at King Fahd University in Riyadh had abruptly left the kingdom a year ago to end up killed in Afghanistan in the first week of December “It’s a big problem ” Sheik Sadlaan said of the zeal for jihad “It will create problems for the country and beyond ” But with Muslims seen as under siege in so many places he said he could not imagine the militancy ending any time soon “It’s not just the Saudis ” he said “The strong desire to help and defend and fight for the Muslims - it’s felt all over the Arab world ” 11-L-0559 OSD 902 12 27 2001 snowflake November 19 200l 11 20 AM MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT FROM Donald SUBJECT Newt Minow Attached is a letter from Newt Minow He is a wonderful talented brilliant dedicated human being I consider him a close friend and can vouch for him in every respect He indicates there may be a vacancy on the Broadcasting Board of Governors I can think of no one who would be better than Newt He may be 75 but he has the energy of a 40-year-old and brain cells as fine as Einstein’s Let me know what I should do who I should talk to I think he would be a worldclass appointment Regards cc Honorable Andrew H Card Jr Honorable Karl Rove Attach 1 l l 5 01 Minow ltr to SecDef DHR dh 111901-13 11-L-0559 OSD 903 WO1456 VOl SIDLEY AUSTIN BROWN WOOD A PARTNERSHIP INCLUDING PROFESSIONAL CORPORATIONS SAN FRANCISCO BANKONEPLAZA 10 S DEARBORNSTREET CHICAGO ILLINOIS 60603 TELEPHONE 853 7000 FACSIMILE 853 7036 SEATTLE www sidley com DALLAS LOS ANGELES NEW YORK BEIJING HONG KONG LONDON SHANGHAI SINGAPORE TOKYO WASHINGTON D C WRITER’S E-MAIL ADDRESS WRITER’S DIRECT NUMBER November 15 200l Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld Secretary of Defense 1000 Defense Pentagon Washington D C 20301-I 000 Dear Don Like every American I want to help I can contribute to our efforts to communicate what America stands for through the Voice of America Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty Radio Free Asia and the new Radio Afghanistan As a nation we have not been sufficiently imaginative in communicating especially in the Middle East The federal agency in charge the Broadcasting Board of Governors is by law a bi-partisan group appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate There is a Democratic vacancy right now If you think well of the idea please give this letter and enclosures to the appropriate person in the White House A number of Democratic Senators Durbin Biden Lieberman Dodd Rockefeller think well of me and Charlotte Beers and I have been friends for many years Enclosed are two pieces I have written on these issues in the New York Times and USA Today and my own background As you know I have been given different bi-partisan assignments by three Presidents over the past forty years There is a negative as you well know I am a senior citizen 75 years old But sometimes gray hair helps 11-L-0559 OSD 904 CHICAGO SIDLEY AUSTIN Honorable Donald H Rumsfeld November 15 200l Page 2 All vest Newton N Minow NNM ks Enclosures CHI 2119526 1 11-L-0559 OSD 905 NEW YORK TIMES THURSDAY SEPTEMBER 20 001 @ut evenhanded journahsts at the V O A backed by political holdovers I Essay on the Broadcasting Board don’t want those hard-sell types invadingI WILLIAMSAFIRE their _-turf The V O A _ broadcasts to Afghanistan with fine impartiality in the Dari Pashto Urdu and Arabic languages and yesterday stepped up its time on the air RFE RL broadcasts only in Turkmen and Uzbek understood in Afghanistan’s north where our problem is not Qn the squabble over a measly $15 million in expansion money here is I i Hitler - i i i WrOng voice h ’ I -2 ’ On the day after the twin towers catastrophe a V O A reporter in LonIz‘ WASHINGTON don broadcast an account of two interThe primary s6urce of information views One was with a cleric who foj the average Afghan is the radio “warns that no accusations against ‘ofpn a transistor made 30 years ago Islamists or Arab groups should be The 20 transmitting towers of the de before knowing the full truth ” ‘Tiliban’s Radio Shariat meaning This was “balanced” by an interview ‘“$lamic law” are spewing out hawFth Yasir al Serri ideptified only as t@ of America all the time “a leader of Egypt’s largest lslamist ’ #hy is there no Radio Free Afgroup the Gama’a Islamiyya which ‘ghanistan broadcasting the truth has worked to overthrow the Egypabout the consequences of harboring tian government ’ 4-isteners were not fnformecl tnat the headquarters of terrorism this terrorist group killed 58 foreign Why are Afghans not told that tourists and 4 Egyptians four years their rulers’ decision to hide Osama ago The reporter said that al Serri -bifi Laden is the direct cause of the “warns that retaliation by Wash wfthdrawal of U N relief ‘and the ton will only lead to more violence He t vation that they now face lays the blame for the unprecedented ’ ‘Why are the voices of revered assault on the U S financial and mili m%nstream ‘Muslim clerics not tary policy in the Middle East ” i abr’6adcast denouncing the perversion r %tung by criticism of this broad-‘ of’Islam by the terrorists and re $ st Andre de Nesuera the V O A ‘s m@ding the faithful that murder by -news director admitted that the ex1 tRmist was improperly identified 3 bht argued that for ‘the agency to y ri remain ‘ a credible news organiza@in ” such interviews with terrorists “wiil be part of our balanced ‘adcu- 1 rate objective and comprehensive reporting ‘providing ‘pur Listeners vt lth both sides of the story ” rAfter a call from Jesse He1ms’s j office protesting ‘equal time for Hit- i ” the bureaucrat warming the j c vtlcant V O A director’s seat issued suicide will lead not to heaven but to # atbelated guideline that “we will not eternal damnation g e a platform to terrorists or ex Before a single bomb is dropped on tiemist g r o u p s ” a suspecte’d training camp the U S XThe nation is ‘on a kind of war should be ‘doing what it knows best foeoting Even in peacetime news how to do using psychological warcredibility does not fiow from splitfare to weaken the grip of the terrorting the -moral difference between ists on the local population g d and evil In the climate of to We are failing to make life more y’s undeciaied war private media difficult for the terrorists fn their it democrac es ge free to take eicaves because the Bush war planners ther or neither side but U S t@xpayhave not thought of it yet The chairer-supported broadcasting ’ is supman of the Broadcasting Board of posed to be on our side Governors overseer of our several That’s why we need an ‘American official overseas broadcasters is an al fn Afghanistan’s five languages amiable Gore fund-raiser long awaitwith a clear truthful message Bin ing replacement The Voice of Amer L$den and his gang are the-cause of ica leadership is even more vacant ’ pfesent and future misery and the rWhich U S government broadcast-’ suicides who murder innocents are er should be charged with’stirring et’ernally punished by Allah anger among Afghans at rulers eaAnd for the Pentagon’s choosers of ger to bring further devastation to “targets of value” consider in the ’ their country That mission of counfirst strike the score of towers and tering Radio Shariat’s propaganda niobjle transmitters of Radio Sharshould go to RFE RL the “radio l-l iat free” outfit’experienced in acting as a surrogate free press in repressive nations like Iran Iraq and China T America is ’ 1 i dp le$at the G microphqne 1 ’ ’ 1 11-L-0559 OSD 906 NEW YORK TIMES FRIDAY SEPTEMBER 21 200l w To the Editor William Safire column Sept zoj is exactly right we should use radio to get the truth directly to the Afghan people The Afghans do not know that their starvation is the result‘of their dictators’ efforts to protect Osama bin Laden We allow the Taliban to monopolize all information available to Afghan men women and children We made the same mistake for years with’ Slobodan Milosevic enabling h im to-have exclusive access to’the ears eyes and minds of the people of Serbia Radio loud and clear is inexpensive ‘$nd effective But if we are to succe ed in building opposition to terrpri nii we-must pay as much attention to lau ing ideas as we do to launching bombs NEWTON N MrNOW C6cag0 Sebt 20 2001 The writer is a former chairman of i- ‘ I the Federal Communications Commission a’ For Big Hurt the pain subsides Frank Thomas hitting stride again after rough year I IC Thursday February 15 2001 How would U S react now to a ‘13 days’ crisis By Newton N Minow After my wife and I saw the movie Thirteen Days we remained sitting silently in the dark theater for a few minutes unable to move We were frozen back in time to our own days in Washington during the Cuban missile cnsis Like others in the audience old enough to remember October 1962 I thought about where I was how frightened I was for my family and the world - and how much has changed since then Tense times Scene from the movie Thirteen Days about the Cuban missiie crisis not all of it for the better of our country As President Kennedy’s chairman of the Federal Communications Commission FCC I was in New York on Oct 22 1962 working with European and American broadcasters to develop inrernational communications satellites At 7 a m I received an urgent call from Pierre Salinger Kennedy’s press secretary who simply satd “National emergency Get to the White House at once ” I raced to the next shuttle flight and was in the White House in less than FNO hours Salinger was waiting with Don Wilson deputy director of the U S Information Agency whrch then supervised the Voice of America VOA Soviet missiles with nuclear capability were in Cuba they said aimed at the United Stares Kennedy who would speak to the natron at 7 p m wanted his speech translated into Spanish and sent bv VOA to the Cuban people 11-L-0559 OSD 907 i ‘VOA radio signais to Cuba were completely jammed by Cuba and the Soviet Union but VOA engineers had found six U S commercial radio stations that broadcast strong signals into Cuba My assignment was to arrange for these commercial stations to carry the VOA and the president’s message to the Cuban people at 7 p m “One condition ” Salinger added ‘This is a deep secret You can’t tell the stations what is going on ” As an inexperienced 36-year-old 1 mumbled OK and raced to my office I swore our senior FCC staff to secrecy and explained the assignment They were aghast This they said violated every rule they could think of no commercial station had ever been taken over even during wartime But this was more urgent We were trying to avert nuclear war Working with VOA engineers we quickly determined there were seven broadcast stations not six pkrs two shortwave stations capable of reaching Cuba and that AT T could patch a line from the VOA transmitters to all nine stations without delay I also brought in a senior FCC commissioner Robert Barney our national defense expert Bartley was the nephew of former House speaker Sam Rayburn I figured that would help once news of this reached Congress After we had the technology in place I told Salinger I had to inform the stations and request therr cooperation By his time rumors were spreading of a natlcnar emergency and Salinger tirdn’t want that done because of the risk of eaks But when I insisted he said use your own best judgment I called each station and asked that the person n charge give us a phone number where ve could reach him or her at 6 p m for an urgent conference call from the White House And I added this was a national emergency wtth lives at stake - no leaks please There were no leaks At 6 p m Bdrtky Sdl‘nger and I tailed the nme stacions’ representarives We requested their help as citizens and asked that they announce at 7 p m that their stations would broadcas the VOA in Spanish to Cuba All agreed As I ieft the White House I saw President Kennedy and gave him a thumbs up The Cuban people would hear his speech I went home istening to the speech on my car radio More scared than I had ever been as a soldier in the China Burma India theater during World War II I hugged my wife and children and prayed The next morning I was invited to part of the meeting of the executive committee dealing with the missile crisis American intelligence reported that many Cubans had heard the VOA loud and clear Our plan had worked President Kennedy looked at me and said let’s do it again tonight I left to start all over again This went on every night for the duration of the week Then it was all over Several weeks after the crisis ended a few of the stations called and asked where they should send their bills I asked what bills They politely said they had canceled evening commercials for a week who was going to make up the revenue losses They had a point but I had no budget for this Nor did anyone e se Finally I suggested to Salinger that the president invite the broadcasters to lunch in the White House to thank them personally and have their pictures taken with him This wor ted No bills were sent The next year however the president of a small religious college asked to see me His college he said had both a radio and a TV station The radio station was doing fine but the TV sta- 11-L-0559 OSD 908 non had a minor technrcal regulatory problem at the FCC I said I was sorry to hear that He then looked in my eyes and said “Chamnan Minow do you remember when you asked us to help you and the prestdent with our radio station during the Cuban missile crisis and we he ped in every way we could ” I said “Yes 1 remember ” He then looked even more deeply into my eyes took my hand and said “Charrman Minow in view of how we helped you do you think you could find it in your heart to ” I in- terrupted him and said “I got your message Consider it done ” I later called the staff and asked that the tech- j nical re gulatory question be dropped Today i’d s probably be investigated by a special prosecutor but I would do it agam Those memories prompted by seeing ‘Thirteen Days made me reflect on how dramatically things have changed In 1962 I saw how powerlul the blockade was in putting pressure on the Soviet Union and Cuba to back down But while we were cutting oi Cuba from supplies we were opening up Cuba to information and that too played a role Today the VOA has the techniques and power to surmount jamming Technologies such as communication satellites the Internet and cable networks such as CNN have erased national boundaries Like Joshua’s trumpet they make old walls tumble down But while a new world has opened up another world has closed down I wonder whether we could get the same level of cooperation today that made our efforts possible in 1962 when news organizations held their stories and broadcasters gave up their evening broadcast time Everyone did this without rancor jockeying for position or bureaucratic wrangling The Cuban missile crisis lasted 13 days In today’s information age would President Kennedy have been forced to act in 13 hours Or even I3 minutes I worry less today about whether we have the technology to respond than about whether we have the character Newton N Minow was Federal Communicatiom Commission chairman from 1961 to 1963 -_ NEWTON N MINOW BACKGROUND Place and Date of Birth Milwaukee Wisconsin January 17 1926 Home Address 179 East Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois 60603 or 660 Winnetka Mews Winnetka Illinois 60093-I 960 Office Address c o Sidley Austin Brown Wood 10 South Dearborn Street Chicago Illinois 60603 Family Information Married to Josephine Baskin Three Daughters-Nell Martha and Mary Education Schools Attended Milwaukee Public Schools Milwaukee Wisconsin Degrees B S - Northwestern University 1949 J D - Northwestern University 1950 Honorary Degrees LL D - Brandeis University 1963 LL D - University of Wisconsin 1963 LL D - Northwestern University 1965 LL D - Columbia College 1972 LL D - Governors State University 1984 LL D - DePaul University 1989 LL D - RAND Graduate School 1994 LL D - University of Notre Dame 1994 LL D - Roosevelt University 1996 LL D - Barat College 1996 LL D - Santa Clara University School of Law 1998 11-L-0559 OSD 909 Professional Historv 1965 to present 1963 to 1965 Sidley Austin 1 Executive Vice President General Counsel and Director Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc Chairman Federal Communications Commission by Appointment of President John F Kennedy Partner Stevenson Rifkind Wirtz part of Paul Weiss Rifkind Wharton Garrison Associate Mayer Brown Platt Assistant Counsel to Governor Adlai E Stevenson State of Illinois Law Clerk to Chief Justice Fred M Vinson U S Supreme Court Associate Mayer Brown Platt 1961 to 1963 1955 to 1961 1953 to 1955 1952 to 1953 1951 to 1952 1950 to 1951 1 Including service with a predecessor firm Leibman Williams Bennett Baird Minow which consolidated with Sidley Austin on October 15 1972 Partner 1965-l 991 Counsel 1991- Also Sidley Austin merged with Brown Wood in May 2001 and is now known as Sidley Austin Brown Wood Corporate Directorships Aon Corporation Manpower Inc Prior Coroorate Directorships Big Flower Press Holdings Inc CBS Inc Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc Field Communications Sara Lee Corporation Tribune Company True North Communications formerly Foote Cone Belding Civic and Public Service Directorships Arthur Andersen Co Public Review Board Chairman 1974-I 983 Public Broadcasting Service PBS Chairman 1978-l 980 Director 1973-l 980 RAND Corporation Chairman 1970-I 972 Trustee 1965-l 975 1976-l 986 1987-l 997 Advisory Trustee 1997- Trustee and Former Chairman Chicago Educational Television Association Chairman 1967-l 973 Trustee 1964-l 991 Life Trustee 1991- Trustee Mayo Foundation 1972-l 981 Emeritus Trustee 1981- Trustee Northwestern University 1975-l 987 Life Trustee 1987- Trustee University of Notre Dame 1965-l 977 1983-l 996 Life Trustee 1996- Trustee Chicago Orchestral Association 1975-l 987 Life Trustee 1987- Trustee Carnegie Corporation of New York Chairman 1993-I 997 Trustee 1987-I 997 Trustee Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1987-1993 Chairman CBS Foundation 1986-1991 2 11-L-0559 OSD 910 Civic and Public Service Directorships Continued Chairman Bi-Partisan Study of Campaign Costs in the Electronic Era Twentieth Century Fund Chairman Board of Overseers Jewish Theological Seminary 1975-1977 Co-Chairman Presidential Debates Sponsored by League of Women Voters 1976 1980 Director Commission on Presidential Debates 1993- Director Bi-Partisan Advisory Commission for 1988 and 1992 Presidential Debates Member Commission on the Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces appointed by President George Bush 1992 Former Member U S Department of State’s Advisory Committee on International Communications and Information Policy Member Commission on Public Interest Obligations of Digital Broadcasters appointed by President Bill Clinton 1998-l 999 Academic Appointments Visiting Fellow John F Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 1986 Director The Annenberg Washington Program Communications Policy Studies Northwestern University 1987-l 996 Annenberg Professor of Communications Law and Policy Northwestern University 1987- Leaal Memberships American Bar Association Fellow of Chicago Bar Foundation Fellow of Civic and Public Memberships Center for Public Resources Judicial Panel Chicago Committee Council on Foreign Relations Commercial Club of Chicago President 1987-l 988 Visiting Committee John F Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 1980-I 986 Visiting Committee Graduate School of Education Harvard University 1968-l 974 Club Memberships Century Association New York Chicago Club Mid-Day Club Honors and Awards John Henry Wigmore Award Northwestern University School of Law 1950 Named One of Ten Outstanding Young Men in the United States 1961 George Foster Peabody Broadcasting Award 1962 Phi Beta Kappa Distinguished Broadcasting Award 1965 Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar 1977-l 978 Northwestern Alumni Medal 1978 Ralph Lowell Public Broadcasting Award 1982 Man of the Year Award Notre Dame Club of Chicago 1988 3 11-L-0559 OSD 911 Honors and Awards Continued Elected Fellow American Academy of Arts Sciences 1989 Abraham Lincoln Centre Humanitarian Service Award 1990 Harvard Club of Chicago Chicagoan of the Year 1991 The Fellows of the Phi Beta Kappa Society Award 1999 Silver Gavel Award American Bar Association 1996 Militarv Service U S Army - 1944 to 1945 Sergeant China-Burma India Theater Miscellaneous Co-Author of Abandoned in the Wasteland Children Television and the First Amendment published in 1995 by Hill Wang division of Farrar Straus Giroux Author of Equal Time The Private Broadcaster and The Public Interest published in 1964 by Antheneum Publishers New York City Contributor to As We Knew Adlai published in 1966 by Harper Row New York City Contributor to Public lnteresf and The Business of Broadcasting published in 1988 by Quorum Books New York City Edited by Jon T Powell and Wally Gair Co-Author of Presidenfial Television published in 1973 by Basic Books Inc New York City Co-Author - Weil Lecture Electronics and the Future Oxford University Press 1977 New York City Co-Author of For Great Debates published in 1987 by Twentieth Century Fund New York City Co-Author of Lines of Battle published in 1987 by Time Books Author of How Vast the Waste and Now published in 1991 by the Gannett Foundation Media Center at Columbia University in the City of New York Co-Author of Opening Salvos Who Should Participate in Presidential Debates published in 1999 by The Century Foundation formerly the Twentieth Century Fund Co-Author of A Digital Gil to the Nation Fulfilling the Promise of the Digital and lnternet Age published in 2001 by The Century Foundation formerly the Twentieth Century Fund Numerous Newspaper Magazine and Professional Journal Articles August 14 200l Cl-i1 20386 54vl 4 11-L-0559 OSD 912 This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu