25x1 a ff gj 3 1 improved FcFR lease W4 27 December 196 2 WW w UNITED STATE-S INTELLIGENCE BOARD MEMORANDUM FOR THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD SUBJECT Scientific and Technical Intelligence - General Recommendation No 15 of the 4 October 1961 Report to the President by the President s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board REFERENCES 3 USIB 30 October 196i USIB 21 May 1962 6 August 1962 USIB 15 August 1962 Item 8 Meiifnoranduxn for USIB Members from Assistant for Coordination subject Scientific and Technical Intelligence - General dated 27 August 1962 1 The Coordination Staff memorandum atg'jAttachme nt A hereto submits for USIB consideration and approval aidraft Assessment of Scientific and Technical Intelligence see Attachment C and a pro- posed memorandum for transmitting same to the Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and the President s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board See Attachment B As indicated in lmemorandum the above -cited Assessment and accompanying transmittal memorandum together with relevant financial data Attachment D have been developed in accordance with USIB instructions in reference GROUP 1 Excluded from automatic Approved For Release 03mmw0006 4 9 January USIB Meeting at which time the Board will be asked to take Approved Fen-Release 2 The subject matter will be scheduled on the agenda of the action as recommended in paragraph 5 of Attachment A i approve the draft transmittal memorandum from the Chairman USIB to Mr Bondy Attachment B including the recommendations in paragraph 5 thereof and the Assessment in Attachment C Attachments 4 A Memorandum for Chairman USIB frOm Assistant for Coordination DCI Proposed Memorandum for Special As sistant to the President for National Security Affairs and the President s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board Assessment of Scientific and Tethnical Intelligence Estimated Financial Costs of Actions Under Way or Recommended for Improving the Collection Coordination and Analysis of Intelligence on the Scientific and Technical Capabilities of the Soviet Bloc Approved For Release 21 December 1968 Office of THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE washington 25 D C Approved- Fomeiease 21 December 1962 MEMORANDUM FOR Chairman United States Intelligence Board SUBJECT Scientific and Technical Intelligence - General Recommendation No 15 of the OctOber I961 Report to the President by the Eresident's Fbreign Intelligence Advisory Board REFERENCES Ea USIB-D 31 t i 30 October 1961 31 4 2 21 May 1962 verses 3h h 3 6 August 1962 Ed 229 15 August 1962 Item 8 e MEmorandum for USIB Mentors from Assistant for Coordination subject Scientific and Technical Intelligence General dated 27 August 1962 I The attached draft assessment and accom anying transmittal memorandum revised in accordance with Reference d are submitted for consideration by the United States Intelligence Board USIB as a response to the subject recommendation of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board 2 It has now been determined that of tions contw ped in thewfirst draft submitted to the HEIB on is currently being taken by the agencies concerned in seven Three recommendations have been withdrawn after review by the SIGINT Committee and the Defense Intelligence Agency and the two remaining recommendations are retained in Paragraph 5 of Attachment hereto 3 In accordance with Reference the views of the USIB members regarding specific actions and estiamted costs to implement the measures recommended in USIB-D 3h h 3 and any other measures deemed appropriate as a response to the subject recommendation of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board have been Obtained Proposals regarding appropriate measures have been reflected in the attached draft Approved For Release 200411 2 16 Approved For R Mase h With respect to costs only the Central Intelligence Agency was able to furnish a limited amount of specific data 'The'Defense Intelligence Agency Army Navy and Air Force indicate that owing partly to the current status of reorganization and realignment of intelligence functions within the Department of Defense and in View of certain studies and related planning on which final decisions have not been made specific data cannot be furnished It is noted also that a number of the actions and recommendations would not require specific additional manpower or funds A summary of the responses of the agencies with respect to costs is appended as Attachment D 5 It is recommended that USIB approve the draft transmittal memorandum from the Chairman USIB to me Bundy Attachment 3 including the recommendations contained in Paragraph 5 thereof and the Assessment in Attachment C 25x1 Assistant for Coordination Attachments 3 1 Draft transmittal memo 2 Draft assessment 3 Estimated financial costs of action sat nan Approved For Release CIA-RDP77800403R000100070006-4 25 Approved For Release 2004112116 Next 5 Page s In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2004I12f16 Approved Foh lease 2004112116 Attachment 21 December 1962 ASSESSMENT OF AND TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE Approved For Reiease Approved Fomeiease 2004 12 16 Assessment of Scientific and Technical Intelligence 1 General The intelligence community at present is providing the policy and planning elements of the Government with reasonably adequate intelligence on the overall scientific and technical capabilities of the Soviet 'Bloc Although in the aggregate this intelligence is satisfactory it is not completely comprehensive and on a few areas of basic science and technology 25x1 25 1 intelligence coverage of Soviet Bloc activity is incomplete Generally however such areas are those which have been deemed after careful consideration to be of lesser importance or in which significant scientific and technical advances are least likely to occur in the immediate future A significant body of information is available on a continuous basis from overt sources and other collection facilities relating to Soviet Bloc basic scientific and technical capabilities Although certain steps are desirable to increase the receipt of such information the most urgent problems relate to the translation and organization of this information so that it can be disseminated and made readily accessible to intelligence and other users 25X1 Group 1 Excluded from automatic Approved For Release and declassification 25x1 Approved For Release 2004 12f16 Approved For Reiease 2004112116 Approved For il lease 2004 1 2 16 The analytical efforts of the intelligence community in scientific and technical intelligence serve two quite distinct kinds of customers On the one hand are the policy makers and operational officials of the Government on the other hand the research and development organizations and activities of the'Government The needs of these two types of con sumers are different although not incompatible and this fact raises some problems with respect to the organization and coordination of the analytical effort as a whole There are within all elements of the community a recognition of the importance of scientific and technical intelligence concerning the Soviet Bloc and a desire to take every possible step to improve the United States capability to foresee and to profit by Soviet scientific and techniCal developments - 3 Approved For Release 2004I12116 Approved Femalease 2 Exrloitation of Open Literature Several studies have been undertaken to determine whether Soviet scientific and technical trends and capabilities might be assessed well in advance from available open literature if such literature were adequately exploited Although these studies have not be conclusive having the element of hindsight it is possible to generalize that a vast amount of scientific and technical information does exist in unexploited literature This information is of use and value to the U 8 scientific community at large as well as to the intelligence community and the problems involved in making it readily available are shared by both groups The first step in making the scientific and technical information contained in Soviet Bloc literature available is that of converting it by translation or by abstracts which necessitate translation into the English language The current effort in thus exploiting such literature is almost entirely dependent upon human manual translation to English text 0f the estimated 3 5 million pages of Soviet Bloc literature available approximately onenhalf are believed to contain information of some scientific or technical intelligence value and only 300 000 pages are being translated annually It is generally recognized that unless a practical machine translation capability can be developed there may be no practicable solution to this problem Considerable progress has been made toward this end although additional efforts and funds will be required before the adequate capability can be realized in practice Therefore efforts to develon such capability should be continued on an accelerated basis Ll- Approved For Release 2004I12I16 Approved FOP R lease 2004I12111360 s u - In the interim however greater use should be made of available human resources to accomplish translations There are for example approximately qualified translators with scientific and technical competence presently anailable of whom currently 25am under contractual arrangements with CIA as part of its service of common concern Many of these translators are not now being fully utilized CIA should explore with other interested agencies the possibility of their making greater use of this translator resource which is available to them on a reimbursable basis An additional E f0r example 25x1 would more than double the amount of scientific and technical information currently being obtained from Soviet Bloc open literature through this facility Both human and machine translation efforts must be accompanied by increased endeavors to improve the process of selecting that portion of the body of literature which does in fact contain useful information The problem of processing and storing the mass of unclassified data obtained from open literature in a manner which will permit its speedy retrieval is a matter of concern to the scientific community as well as to the intelligence community No mechanism entirely satisfactory to either group now exists It is clearly desirable however that the intelligence community cooperate as fully as possible with scientific groups seeking to resolve this problem in order to avoid unnecessary duplication and take full advantage of non intelligence activities and arrangements It is noted that a comprehensive study has been approved by the United States_Intelligence Board which among other Objectives attacks some aspects of this problem 5 Approved For Release 25x1 Approved For Release 2004 12 16 Approved For Release 2004I12l16 Approved Foh lease 2004 12116 h Esploitation of Materiel A certain amount of Soviet Bloc materiel hardware has been collected and exploited by the intelligence community to further the assessment of the scientific and technical capabilities of the Soviet Bloc In some instances however there has been duplicative effort in acquiring the same types of equipment although for some types of materiel duplicate acquisition is desirable in order to permit thorough exploitation Additionally for budgetary or other reasons some equip ment which has been collected has not been fully analyzed and exploited on a timely basis Moreover it appears that there is available some Soviet Bloc materiel which could be of use to the intelligence effort which has in fact not been collected Consequently a much greater community wide effort should be directed toward 1 acquisition of Soviet Bloc materiel and 2 full and timely intelligence exploitation This will require community-wide coordination to ensure prompt evaluv ation by technically qualified personnel and timely dissemination of finished intelligence reports to the community and to the research and develOpment activities responsible for U S offensive and defensive weapons systems The Defense Intelligence Agency BIA and CIA shohld Jointly review this matter and submit recommendations for United States Intelligence Board USIB consideration Approved For Reiease 2004112116 25 Approved For Release 2004l12f 16 Next 6 Page s In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2004I12I16 Approved Foh iease 25x1 In the use or deployment of some technical collection systems increased information could be obtained through further use of such systems in conJunction with military operational components The Secretary of Defense should establish procedures which will to the maximum feasible extent permit both further use of designated operational components in connection with specific technical collection systems and expeditious deployment of additional facilities when dictated by particular Soviet Bloc activities - 15 Approved For Release 2004 12 16 Approved Famelease 2004 12116 s-s-c cease 8 The Analysis Task National Security Council Intelligence Directive NSCID No 3 paragraph assigns responsibility for the production of scientific and technical intelligence to CIA as service of common concern The directive also states paragraph The Department of Defense shell produce military intelligence This production shall include scientific technical and economic intelligence directly pertinent to the missions of the various components of the Department of Defense AlthOughT explicit definition of and delineation between these two responsi- bilities has not been stated and indeed perhaps is not susceptible to such statement there is in fact relatively little unwarranted duplication or overlap of effort between the analysis activities of the military services and Among the military services themselves there is a natural division of effort based upon their respective operational and research and development responsibilities within the Department of Defense There are however certain problems in the scientific and technical intelligence field of which the Soviet missile program the development of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles the Soviet submarine program and Soviet space activities are examples which are of priority importance to the national security and on which it is difficult to reach firm intelligence conclusions Consequently all agencies are justified in devoting to these problems such resources and analytical efforts as are available In these fields diversified 16 - Approved For Release needn't Approved FoNi lease approaches will increase the likelihood of reaching a sound understanding of Soviet activities capabilities and vulnerabilities Under these circumstances it is essential that there he a full exchange of infer- nation among the participating agencies and that each be kept aware of the analytical efforts of the others in these fields This is generally being done both through liaison at the technical working level and through the facilities of the Scientific Intelligence Committee the Guided Missile and Astronautics Intelligence Committee and the Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence Committee The CIA has made conscientious and largely successful efforts to eliminate unwarranted duplication of its effort with that of components of the Department of Defense at this time however CIA in consultation with DIA should further re-examine its programs and activities in the light of changes now taking place in the intelligence community The facilities of the Scientific Intelligence Committee should be used as appropriate for this purpose We are aware that duplication of effort may exist in certain technical fields between elements of the intelligence community in washington on the one hand and intelligence organizations of certain military commands on the other We note that the Department of Defense is currently examining the allocation of intelligence resources to the various military commands There is general agreement among the elements of the community engaged in the analysis of Soviet Bloc scientific and technical Approved For Release 2004I12116 Approved 2004I12116 capabilities that there are basically two types of consumers of the product of their analyses policy and operating officials and research and development components It is also recognized that although the needs of these two consumers are different they are not incompatible but are in some respects complementary in that work devoted to meeting either need assists in meeting the other There is no doubt that intelligence by furnishing knowledge and information on foreign scientific and technical capabilities trends and develop ments can significantly assist and expedite our own research and development effort and that for this assistance to be most effective the intelligence components concerned must be put into a close and harmonious relationship with research and development activities Conversely this relationship can be of great benefit to intelligence through the availability and use of the scientific talent within the research and development community in solving problems of intelligence analysis and collection 'The United States Intelligence Board believes that arrangements Within the Department of Defense for scientific and technical intelliu gence should provide under the staff supervision of the Defense Intelligence Agency for the strengthening of organizations and programs designed to render intelligence support to and receive assistance from research and development components and fer the utilization of the resources and services of such organizations and programs in preparing contributions to intelligence estimates Similarly the CIA Approved For Release 2004112116 Approved Foh lease 2004I12116 should continue and strengthen its program of support to research and development components of the Government outside the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy Commission The Atomic Energy Commission should similarly continue and strengthen its program of intelligence support to its own research and development activity as well as its contribution to the intelligence community In drawing conclusions and making estimates as to Soviet activities and developments 'intelligence frequently base their reasoning in whole or part upon analogous U S experienCes in the particular activity in question While it is recognized that in some cases the paucity of information on a Soviet activity leaves no alternative except to rely largely upon analogous U 8 experience this kind of reasoning can lead to false or misleading conclusions and every effort should be msde'to avoid undue reliance upon it in drawing conclusions as to the nature of Soviet scientific or technical developments w19v Approved For Release 2004I12I16 Approved For Release Next 1 Page s In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2004112l16 Approved FogBelease 2004I12I16 10 Security and Personnel In the course of this assessment of scientific and technical intelligence activities the existence of complex security compart aag mentation of information was frequently cited as an impediment to collection coordination and analysis efforts throughout the community Joint Study Group Recommendation No is also drew attention to this general problem and as a result the United States Intelligence Board has approved certain recommendations by its Security Committee to deal with this matter The problem of recruiting and retaining competent scientists in intelligence is shared by'other Government activities requiring scientific personnel The resolution of the problems will require Governmentvwide action In the meanwhile however it is urged that each agency review its practices as related to scientific and technical personnel to ensure that full advantage is taken of the provisions of existing law and civil service regulations respecting their pay and status Approved For Release Approved For Release 2004I12I16 25x1 Next 1 Page s In Document Exempt Approved For Reiease 2004 12 16                     National Security Archive    Suite 701  Gelman Library  The George Washington University    2130 H Street  NW  Washington  D C  20037    Phone  202 994‐7000  Fax  202 994‐7005  nsarchiv@gwu edu