5M5 1 t SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT U CONTRIBUTIONS OF GERMAN SCIENTISTS TO THE SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY PROGRAM 2-57 30 January 1957 mum MARY MAR 6 1957 INTELLIGENCE AGENCY OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE Beelmzsi ed Authority 33546 By Dorothy Johnson Date 2-08-2017 SEERE DocIdz31432014 uw# 33546 DECLASSIFIED Authority I Scienti c Intelligence Report CONTRIBUTIONS OF GERMAN SCIENTISTS TO THE SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY PROGRAM NOTICE The conclusions judgments and opinions contained in this nished intelligence report are based on general classi ed source data and represent the immediate views of the O ice of Scienti c Intelligence 2 57 30 January 1957 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE DocIdz31432014 DECLASSIFIED Authon'ty PREFACE This report summarizes and evaluates the activities of those German scientists taken into the Soviet Union in 1945 to work on projects related to the Soviet atomic energy program De- tailed reports on their activities at ve Soviet research institutes have been prepared as Research Supplements and include CIA 1 56 Contributions of German Scien- tists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program SINOP Secret Contributions of German Scien- tists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program SUNGUL Secret Contributions of German Scien- tists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program AGUDZERI Secret Contributions of German Scien- tists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program ELEKTROSTAL Se- cret CIA II--56 CIA CIA Contributions of German Scien- tists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program OBNINSKOYE Secret CIA Intelligence research ended 15 August 1956$33 0 a DECLASSIFIED Authority 4 4 lb $995 CONTENTS Page PREFACE PROBLEM 1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1 DISCUSSION 2 IntroductionSukhumi Sinop and Agudzeri 2 Sungul 3 Elektrostal 3 Obninskoye 4 Moscow 4 Research Environment 5 Other Activities 6 APPENDIX A 7 APPENDIX Soviets Associated with German Scientists 13 E025x1 CIA FIGURES Following Page 1 Map Locations of Soviet Atomic Energy Installations Where German Scientists Worked 6 A BEeftEi DECLASSIFIED I ' Authority A ' 4 'i'yg 70 _---_ CONTRIBl TIONS OF GERMAN SCIENTISTS TO THE SOVIET ATOMIC ENERGY PROGRAM PROBLEM To assess the significance of the contributions to the Soviet 'atomlc energy program of German scientists deportea to Rus- ' sla 1945-1946 ' SUMMARY AND CONCLUSiONS At the close of World War II the Soviet Union found itself with an InsutHclent supply of scientific manpower and faclllties to staff and execute adequately an independent research and development program In atomic energy To fill the Soviet needs many German nuclear scientists and technicians under Soviet occupation-control were taken in 194546 either voluntarily or Involuntarily Into th ' Soviet Union to work on important research and development aspects of the nuclear energy program This recruitment appears to have been very successful and some of the best scientific talent was efficiently exploited The employment of the Germans permitted Soviet scientistS and technicians ' to concentrate 'on other aspects of the atomic energy program especially in sensitive areas such as nuclear weapons development Most orthese Sci nti sts ere returned In early 1955 The total effect of the contributions of the German scientists on the over-all success of the Soviet nuclear energy program was considerable in that they greatly accelerated either directly 'or Indirectly all aspects of the research and development of nuclear energy in the Soviet Union The most direct contributions are listed below a The German scientists working at Elektrostal were Instrumental In he successful development and probable acceleration by 6 to 12 months in 1946 of the Soviet uranium metal produ tion program es e' 'tiaI to the subsequent production of weapon grade fissionable materials b The diffusion barriers developed by the Sukhumi complex were probably the second and third barrier types adopted by the Soviets for use In their uranium-235 gaseous diffusion plants and probably permitted a significant Increase in uranium Isotope separation capacity c The analytlcaI mass spectrograph developed and constructed at the Sukhuml complex played Ii very significant role in the support of the Isotope separation system These mass spectrographs were used to determine the efficiency of the isotope separation at various stages of the diffusion casc ades d The German group working on reactor research and development at Obninskoye made basic contributions to the Soviet reactor program In general e The so-called Volmer group working near Moscow probably made significant contributions to the heavy water production program 8B8RIilT - 1 The Gemians at the Sungul Institute mtributed to a lesser degree in the elds of adjobiology and radiochemistry and probably helped to promote biological research within the Soviet atomic research program g Although the exact nature of the the- oretical calculations on isotope separation systems made by Barwich at Sukhumi is un- known it is probable that they were of some value to the Soviets in their program 358m DECLASSIFIED Authorin h It is doubtful that the German sci- entists contributed directly to weapons de- velopments or to production reactor develop- ments within the Soviet atomic energy pro-' gram I i The Germans contributed greatly to the expansion of the basic Soviet nuclear re- search program through establishing labo- ratories constructing equipment and train- ing of scienti c and technical personnel DISCUSSION INTRODUCTION Immediately following World War II the Soviets virtually isolated all German scien- tific research installations within the areas occupied by the Soviet armies From these installations as well as from the various in- dustries within the area the Soviets acquired many German and Austrian scientists for work within the USSR While some were recruited on a voluntary basis others were coerced into serving under the initial 5-year employment contracts In addition sci- entists and technicians were carefully selected from prisoner-of-war camps within the Soviet Union and throughout all Soviet occupied ter- ritory and used to assign this group Many of these German nuclear scientists and tech- nicians were taken to the USSR in May 1945 several months in advance of the deportation of the German guided missiles and electronic scientists After these nuclear scientists were taken to the USSR they were assigned to various Sod viet research institutes and laboratories One group of about 400 scientists and technicians was especially recruited by the Ninth pirece torate oi the MVD and was assigned work re- lated to the establishment and implementa- tion of an a ic Inrna'iiann' installationstgiven German leaders and as- signed isolated portions of the over-all re- search program SUKHUMI SINOP AND AGUDZERI One group located at Sukhumi on the east- ern shores of the Black Sea was given the general assignment of research relating to uranium isotope separation This group was divided into two sub-units one at SINOP un- der the direction of Manfred von Ardenne and the other at AGUDZERI under the direction of Prof Dr Gustav Hertz co-winner in Ph1 jgg This atomic-energy contingent was further divided into smaller units sent to research 2 SECRET pregame 42 4 5025 CIA - 42 USC 2162 a - RD DOE WT Pdence indicatin that either 15 rent or therm g - counter cur- I diffusion-use aration worked on at Agudzeri were Ieve- 1 used Sov1ets The mass spectrometer as developed and constructed by Werner S chuetze was in- troduced into the diffusion plant at Verkhnei- vinsk for determining the enrichment obtained in the cascade 'productiorix version of this mass spectrometer was displayed at Gene- va as a Soviet development and repvai'IaBIe ev1'-' I Accordingly a bar- rier of this type was probably adopted for use in either a modi cation of existing plants or in construction of new gaseous diffusion sepa- ration plants This new type barrier as well as the mass spectrometer undoubtedly con- tributed significantly to the isotope separation program in the Soviet Union The investiga- tion of a variety of isotope separation tech- niques also helped provide the Soviets with a strong foundation for future research in this area SUNGUL A second group of German scientists was located at Sungul a small village near Kasli Kasii is only some 20 miles northeast of the site of one of the Soviet plu- tonium production complexes The unit at Sungul originally was under the direction of Dr Nikolay Timofeyev-Ressovskiy a Mende- lian geneticist This unit was established in late 1946-early 1947 and was staffed by per- sonnel from Sinop Agudzeri and Eiektrostal as well as a few from elsewhere It is con- sidered to be the least important German DECLASSIFIED group with respect to th contributions to the Sovie gram The latest inform dicates that it may be undergoing expansion into one of the main centers for health physics research in the'Soviet Union It has been in- dicated also that a large ssion product sepa- ration plant was to be constructed in the vi'- cinity of this installation and might well be a part of the installation itself signi cance of its atomic energy pro- ation on this site in- The efforts of the Germans at Sungul were limited largely to the eld of biological effects of radiation including some basic work in dosimetry The Germans contributed little or no new knowledge but were possibly respon- sible for the stimulation of a greater effort in radiobiology on the part of- the Soviets In addition to the radiation effects research the Germans did some basic research on sepa- aration of fission products from pile soup delivered to them probably from Some standardized sources of certain isotopes were prepared for other work At the outset this group was seriously handicapped by the lack of equipment and research materials By the time they were withdrawn from the area they had built a respectable research center and trained a number of scientists and technicians ELEKIROSTAL A third group under the leadership of Dr Nikolaus Riehl was established in Elektro- stal and assigned the problem of producing pure metallic uranium Eiektrostal is a high- ly industrialized town some -33 miles east of Moscow and has proven to be the focal point of the initial Soviet efforts in establishing a uranium metallurgical program Riehl formerly director of research of the Auergeselischaft chemical plant at Oranien burg with him some 12 German scientists who were familiar with the German wartime uranium metallurgical re- search program The Soviets also brought a major portion of the German World War II stockpile of uranium metal and uranium ore to Eiektrostal Using this stockpile of mate- 3 A i i SEC-RESP the German group developed the proce dure and methods upon which the Soviet ura- nium metal production program was estab- lished Riehl and his group continued their Ger- man uranium research program on the puri- cation of uranium oxide and its subsequent reduction to metal They initially used a fractional method but later when the Report came into their pos sessron they developed an ether extraction method for preparing puri ed uranium salts This work on the production of pure uranium salts was an essential step in the production of pure uranium metal The Germans rst attempted to produce pure uranium metal by the process of reduc- ing uranium oxide with calcium Even after numerous modi cations this process contin- ued to prove unsatisfactory for producing pure metal Success was achieved when ura- nium tetra uoride was substituted for the uranium oxide as a feed material The process was established as a batch process each batch producing a 40-kilogram regulus By mid-1946 the plant was producing at the rate of 1 ton of pure metal per month Although the basic work of the Germans was completed by mid-1946 they were re- tained on a consultant basis until 1949 when most of them were transferred to Sungul In- stitute The few remaining Germans at Elek- trostal were transferred to Sukhumi in the fall of 1952 where they spent a period of two and one-half years cooling off prior to re- patriation to Germany in March 1955 The work of the German scientists at Elek- trostal was fundamental and contributed greatly to the early success of the Soviet nuclear energy program since the establish- ment of an adequate uranium metal produc- tion program is a prerequisite to the produc- tion of weapon grade material The-signi - cance of the contributions made by this group is indicated by the large number of prizes and bonuses awarded to it and especially to its leader Riehl who received in excess of 250 000 rubles and other considerations Authority M1910 OBNINSKOYE A fourth group under theGerman leader- ship of Dr Heinz Pose was located at Obnln- skoye some 70 miles southwest of Moscow This group in the period from 1946 to 1950 had two assignments of major importance 1 reactor research and development and 2 development of a high-energy accelerator Activities indicate the greater importance of the reactor deveIOpment program In 1950 the Institute was reorganized under the direc- tion of Blokhintsev and thereafter concen- trated on the development of reactor tech- nology with the accelerator program being transferred to Moscow Although the reactor development program was extensive in scope there was a definite concentration of research effort on two phas- es 1 beryllium moderation and 2 corro- sion problems inherent in liquid metal cool- ants A zero-power beryllium-moderated re actor that was activated at Obninskoye in 1954 and published reports and statements relating to liquid metal coolant research have indicated a continuation of these two phases of the reactor development program begun by the Germans It is apparent that the German group at Obninskoye was not directly contributing to the research and development of Soviet pro duction reactors Their work undoubtedly was applied to development of reactors intend- ed primarily for research purposes and for the generation of electric power The substantial contribution made by this German group to the Soviet reactor develop- ment program is re ected by the eminence of the Obninskoye Institute in reactor tech- nology The construction of the first in the world power reactor at Obninskoye is a fur- ther substantiation of the belief that the 0b- ninskoye Institute established upon German technology is a major center of reactor research MOSCOW A fifth- group under the direction of Prof Dr Max Volmer was established in the sub urbs of Moscow probably at the NH 9 Lab- 4 ama- DocId 31432014 DECLASSIFIED o 'J oVJ ----------------- SECREl oratory II complex It has been indicated that this group concentrated its research efforts on problems involved in the production 01 heavy water by the ammonia-water exchange method This work has never been confirmed There have been reports to the effect that this group was responsible for the development and was instrumental in the establishment of a heavy water production plant in the far north at NorU'sk Victor Bayerl was reported to have been responsible lor the design of this plant and actually directed some phase of the construction Gustav Richter is said to have designed the control system for the plant The heavy water plant at Noril'sk has Increased the Soviet heavy water production capacity to such an extent that they are now seriously considering the construction of two very large heavy water moderated power production reactors This phase of the Soviet nuclear power program appears to have been advanced a considerable amount by the work of the German scientists especiaUy in the improvement of heavy water production meth ods and procedures There have been indications that Josef Schintlmeister was working in or around Moscow possibly at the NIl 9 Lab-II complex on problems related to the field of nuciear weapon development It is thought that Wunibald Kunz assisted him in this work A meaningful assessment of the contribution to the Soviet atomic program by the Moscow group cannot be made It is possible that there were other small groups or individuals working on other prob lems but on these activities we have little or no in 01mation The institutes in which the German scientists worked were at the onset subordinate to the Ninth Directorate MVD but In 1950 the entire complex was transferred to the First Chief Directorate attached to the Council of Ministers RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT Each institute had Soviet personnel as well as German Many of these Soviet scientists worked under the direction of the Germans It has also become evident that the Soviets DECUSSIFIED Authority AIL I 9'49 70 _-----' established parallel SCientific research groups in the program One group was staffed by both German and Soviet personnel another by Soviet personnel only All groups worked on the same general projects Though the data obtained by the Germans were made available to the Soviets data obtained by the Soviets were seldom if ever made available to the Germans Very few ideas or developments were taken directly from the German groups and applied to the Soviet program Rather they were usually given first to the Soviet groups and then utilized in the program The conditions under which the Germans worked were not always the most pleasant They were constantly under guard both on duty and off If it were ever necessary for a scientist to leave the compound he was accompanied at all times by one or more MVD guards This constant guard and close supervision was irritating to the Germans and there was a constant striving on their part to go home The process of returning the German scientists started in 1949 when most of the prisoners of war were returned to camps for a cooling off period and eventual repatriation In the fall of 1952 most of the German scientists were reassembled at Sukhuml The lower-grade technicians domestic workers and a very few scientists were sent to Shcherbakov A few of the scientists were sent to other locations within the Soviet Union and it is thought that some were kept at work on projects of a classified nature Also in the fall of 1952 all Germans at Sukhumi were removed from any work that was classified and were allowed to publish papers for the first time since being t ken to the Soviet Union The first group of German scientists were returned to Germany in March 1955 after a cooting off period that had lasted for approximately 2 V years By the end of 1955 practically all of the recruited scientists had been returned to Gelmany Among the few that remained in the USSR the most notable were Thiessen Pose and Steenbeck These three will prOb ably be returned to Germany in late 1956 or early 1957 '1ooo 5 r OTHER These German scientists made mi nor - tributions to elds other than nucie on Much work was done on spectroscopy by the work- ers at both Sinop and Obninskoye After 1952 when most of the scientists had been reassembled at Sukhumi a considerable amount of work was done in the eld of semi- conductor rare-earth separations and to a lesser extent lithium-boron isotope separa- tions None of the above activities are considered to be of major importance but all tend to pro- DocIdz31432014 DECLASSIFI ED Authority 42243333510 vide signi cant data in peripheral areas of nuclear science The German scientists apparently made no direct contribution to nuclear weapons 'devel- opment nor to the plutonium production pro- gram The Soviets refrained from allowing the Germans to become knowledgeable in the actual production facilities of the Soviet nu- clear energy program If the Germans had remained in the USSR and had been integrated into the Soviet Mili- tary atomic energy program they could have continued to make substantial contribution However the Soviets apparently considered the security weaknesses that might result from such action and elected to repatriate them 3% DECLASSIFIED Authority 41 9 $999 20 ab I o 0b 5 she e' 0 Elektrostal MOW Suttgui 6 n u I I 0 Boundaries on not necesswily those I the U5 Gavanmont lawn y 25782 L57 7 Figure I - USSR Nuclear Resemh Institutes utilizing Getman and Austrian Scientists Gil-5T 8 DECLASSIFIED APPENDIX A CIA Three Pages Exempted SECRET- W ipoqmv APPENDIX sows- 15 ASSOCIATED WITH GERMAN SCIENTISTS NAME and Abshandadze Electrical Engineer Sin Abshelava Medical Doctor Sin Abzyanidze Electrical Engineer Sin Aionina Aleksandra Ivanovna Chemical Laboratory Assistant A Aganyan Glassblowing Assistant A Ageyev Metallurgist Agress Mathematician - Sin Akhlyustin Escort Aleksandrov Laboratory Assistant A Alek'sandrovich Visitor 1951 Alikhanov Physicist Sin Andreyeshchev Nuclear Physicist Sin Andreyev Pavel P Physicist Sin Andreyeva Anna Fedorovna S Laboratory Assistant 'Anokhin Vladimir Lvovich Physical Chemist Arzhba David Escort' Assotiani Pridon Laboratory Assistant A Assotiani Yakov Chemical Laboratory Assistant A Babayeu Chief Security 1948-49 0 Babayev MVD Maj Chief Escort Section A Babkin Chief Maintenance 5 Balakin Aleksandr Glassblowing Technician Balashev Physicist Balasheva Laboratory Baranov - Ceramic Laboratory Assistant Barbabanov Escort Barnabishvili Donara Nikolayevnz Chemical Engineer Batrakov Electrician Baulin First Section Baysheva Chemist Belyakov Yerginiy MVD Escort Berezin Same as footnote on page 7 Assistant Omm NAME and TITLE Berezina Bigvava Fenya Ilarinovna - Chemical' Laboratory Assistant Bizayev MVD Lt Col Visitor from 9th Directorate Bizayev Aleksandr Dionisovich Administrative Chief Bizayeva Wife of above Blinova Lyusya Of ce Clerk Blokhintsev Dimitri Ivanovich Physicist Blumkina Yula Administrative Bobrikova Secretary-bookkeeper Bochikasvili Nina 'Petrovna Laboratory Assistant Bokerev Sr Lt MVD Security Of cer Sin Bokuchava Tina Laboratory Assistant A Bolotnikov Aleksey Laboratory Assistant A Bolotnikova Designer Bonch-Bruyevich Visitor Borisova Nina Dmitriyevna Scientific Assistant Boronilo Ivan Makarovich Mechanical Laborer Bubnov Machine-Construction Engineer Budko Ludmilla Nikolay'evna Scienti c Assistant Budnikova Iraida Designer Buldakov Lev Aleksandrovich Scientific Assistant Buldakova Margarita Nikolayevna Medical Doctor Burdiyashvili A Physicist Butov Maj Escort Section Chabtsovich Physicist Chaprov Ivan Mikhayiovich Mathematician Chekhovtsov Nikolay Pavlovich Chief Admin-Maint Chelidze Petr Varlomovich Technical Supply Section A 03 mm t m 2 00 30 p 13 DECLASSIFIED 931m NAME and TITLE NAME and TITLE Chernov Physicist Chernov Anatoliy Artemyevich 0 688533 ggas Nmipvmh Laboratory Assistant A 1 lassblowmg Section A Chemo Lyubov Ivanovna G ivri ov1ch Chief Bookkeeping Section A Laboratory Assistant A Physicist Chkuaseli Physicist Si lazanov' viad mlr N'kmayev Churarov Mikhail Danuovich Chief High Frequency Laboratory 0 Maintenance 8 Gohbyev MVD Lt Col Visitor 1950 Chukhm Engineer Goloborodko Ma Chief MVD Guards A Demikhanov Ratch A Sin 6012 Electronic'PhYSicistramovmh s G g cmmv Vasiliv Ivanovich In recision P 35ible same 95 above Gorbachev 8 Plasma Physicist Sin Gorbacheva Demitriyev Pavel Petrovich Secretary Secret Department 0 Theoretical Physicist Sin Gorbatyuk Nestor Vasilyevich Demkin Aleksey Gavrilovich Mechanic-Laboratory Assistant 8 Chief of Procurement 8 Gorbunov Engineer A Demkina Zlnaida Laboratory Assistant 8 Gorbunova Nina Teacher - A Didko Policeman Gorizontov Boris Arkadyevich Dramin Dryamin Boris Lt MVD Special Materials Control Metals Sin Escort Gorkunova Valentina Drey Chief First Section A Laboratory Assistant Dubrov Engineer Sin Gorodnichenko Nuclear Physicist Sin Dubrov Ivan Gavrllovich Gorskiy Chief Bookkeeper A Chief Supply Warehouse A Goryunov Anatoliy Alekseyevich Dulov MVD Maj Chief Radiochemist Military Commandant to 1951 Gergoryans Electrical Engineer 0 Dzhevelikyan Galina Ivanovna Grigorashvili MVD Maj Medical Technician A Chief Escort Section A Dzhikaya Varlaam Kukich Grigoryan Physicist Sin Nuclear Physicist A Grigoryan Lt Col Dzhuya Mikhail MVD Escort A Chief Escort Section A Fayyer Warehouse Clerk 8 Grishenko MGB Lt Col Fedorenko Administrative A Chief Escort Unit 0 Fedorenko Administrative Sin Gruber Iosii Leybovich Tailor Fedorov Gusev Physicist Sin Chief Inspector Technical Supplies A Guseva Scienti c Assistant Sin Flerov G N Visitor 0 Gutkin Theoretical Mathematician Sin Fomenko Ivan Kondratyevich Gvendzhilya Scienti c Assistant A i Janitor A Gverdtsiteli Irakliy Georgorvich Fomenko Viktor Kondratyevich Physicist-Administrative A Laboratory Assistant A Ignatenkova Aleksandra Ivanovna Gabysheva Tamara Design Of ce A Laboratory Assistant A Gagua Taras Arksentyevich Inozemtseva Irina Aleksandrovna A Physicist-Scienti c Assistant A Isayev Ivan Mikhaylovich Galinln Bookkeeper A Physicist-Admin Director Sin Garakhovskiy Maj Ivanov Lt Aleksandr Terentyevich Chief Construction Battalion Chief First Section 3 Garboshova Design Engineer A Iyevlev Andrey Chief Secret Section 0 14 DEGREE DocId 31432014 - ED NAME and TITLE LOCATION NAME and TITLE Iyevlev Possibly thesame as above Khelaya Electrophysicist Sin Chief First section Kholodilin Aleksandr Ivanovich Izrailevskaya Emiliya Lvovna Physician A Librarian Physician - Sin Izrailevskiy Vladimir Mikhaylovich Interpreter Khulilidze Dimitri Nuclear Physicist 'Sin Kichigin Engineer - Sin Kachov Andreas Stepanovich Kirilov Kirylov - Metallurgical Physicist Fluid Metal Laboratory 0 Kakabadze Kirvalidze Possibly Kervalidze - Chemical Laboratory Assistant Physicist Semi-conductor Sin Kakabadze Possibly same as above Klimentyev Viktor IVanovich Chemist Sin Chief Escort Section A Kakabadze Meri Georgiyevna Kobaladze Zhuzhuna Chief Medical Section A Laboratory Assistant - A Kalashnikov Kochiavashvili Aleksandr Ivanovich Visitor from 9th Directorate 0 Chief MVD Agudzeri and Sinop A Sin Kalesivikov High Frequency Physicist Kochnev Nuclear Physicist - Sin Kalinin MVD Col Visitor 1949 Kolnov Koinov Lt - Col Aleksandr F Kaminir Lev Petrovich Physicist Commandant Sungul 1953 Kankava Vikhtany Komissarova Valentina Ivanovna - Foreman Mechanical workshop A Laboratory Assistant Kapanadze - Administration Sin Konobeyev Laborer Supply Depot A Kapanadze Possibly same as above Konogray Konograi Tasya Chief Personnel 1953 55 A Secretary - I A Sm Kapaushchenko Escort A Kornilenko Aleksandr-Lavrentovich Kapi'ov Physicist Sin Accelerator PhySiCist Karabash Aleksi Georgievich Korostylev Chief Mechanical Foreman A Metallurgist 0 Korostylev Lenya Mechanic - A Karpenko Ina Physicist A Korvalskiy Aleksey Ivanovxch Karzhavin Vsevolod Aleksandrovich Fireman - A Chemist A Kowyrain Chemist A Katm Electrical Engineer Sin Chemist A Katov - Experimental Physicist Sin - Katskatsyan MVD Maj Visitor 1948 Mechanics Foreman I A Kavanov Capt Kozhkin Chief DeSign O lc Commander MVD Guards 8 Kotova Mariya Konstantinova Kazachkocskiy Oleg Dmitrivich First Section Physicist - Kovalenko PhySicist Sin Kazachkovskaya Tomara Kovalev Valdimir Savelevich Physicist 0 Chief First Section Kazebaya Electrical Engineer 51 Kozakov Ivan Mechanic A Kervalidze PhySifiiSt Sin Kozakova Valentina Ivanovna KhachatUI OV KhaChatuY AbmmOViCh Chemical Laboratory Assistant A High Frequency b0 0 Ki'asnov High Frequency Engineer Sin Khachaftii'f same as a V8 0 Krassin Andrei Kupitonovich ls Purchasing Department 0 Departmental Chief 0 Khachatmova Design Of ce 0 Krauz Chemist Khachishvili Varlaam Ivanovich Krayevna Yelena Gnadyevna Chemxst A Radiochemical Technician 15 # 33546 DocIdz31432014 - I 5 @159 '5 ha A 4 - L2 leazs3546 I DECLASSIFIED Authority and TITLE LOCATION NAME and TITLE Krutkov Prof Dr Theoretical physicist A 821 11 Chief Motor Pool 5 Krutkov Yuri Aleksandrovich Obln MePhamc Sin Physicist Loglnov Nikolay Nikolayevich Kruzhko Interpreter 8 BOORReeper KucheFYaYev Physicist A Loaidze mAngeuqa Eugryashev Arkadiy Electrician A mag 8815mm A 1 av sev Kulagin Ivajn gigge crl LoChemical Laboratory Assistant Sin Glassblowercnau eur mova Valeriya Andreyevna Kurashvm Safet En A Chemical Laboratory Assistant A gmeer A Lordkipanidze Administrative Sin Kurchatov Visitor 1947 1951 0 Luchnik Nikolay Viktorovich Kurchakov Mathematician A Scientific Assistant 8 Kurochkin Sergey Mikhaylovich Lukashin Mefodiy Georgevich Chief Mechanical Workshop A Precision Mechanic Kurochkina Irina Sergeyevna Lukin Arkadiy Escort A Chief First Section A Lukyanov Anatoliy Aleksandrovich Kuzmin Ivan Escort Section A Technical Draftsman Kuzmin Administrative Director Sin Lutsnik Chemist MVD Informer Kuznetsov 'Michael Michaelovich Makarov Metallurgical Laboratory 0 Visitor 1946 1955 0 Makarov Scienti c Assistant Kuzovkin Yergeniy Nikolayevich Makeyev Chief Foreman Mechanic A Chief Caretaker Maksimov Theoretical Physicist Sin Kuzovkina Lidiya Andreyevna Malishev Radiological Laboratory 0 Chief Laboratory Technician Maltseva Anga Secretary-Bookkeeper A Kvartsedeli Physicist A Malykh- nya Filippovich Chief Ceramic Laboratory 1949 Physicist A Mamurm Sergey Laborer A Lashenko Markaryan MYD Maj Chief Metallurgical Laboratory 0 Chief Admin-Maint Section A Lavrench Aleksandr Martur Anatoliy Grigorerich Chief Counter Laboratory 0 Chief Pu Chemical Section Lazarev Vasmy Georgevich Poss1bly same as above First Section '8 Chemist rovna A tev Nikolay Ivanovich Chief Electronics Laboratory 1949-1950 0 Leg 'Frequency Lab 0 Matyushenkova Zingida Fedorvna Leorzgteva Laboratory Assistant 0 Medical Doctor 0 Leontyev Ivan Pakhomich Maulfin Lt Escort 0 Chief Bookkeeper Melnikov Capt Ieontyev' Nikolay Purchasmngepartment 0 Physicisbmectronics Assistant A Migulin Vladimir Vassuyevrch Montyeva Irma ElectrophySiclst Director Sm Electronics Engineer Assistant A Mikheyev Ivan Ivanovlch' Levchenko Aleksandr Chief MVD Unit at Sinop Sm Chief Personnel Sin Mikushkin MVD Capt Levrentev' Accelerator Physicist 0 Chlefi Purchasing Department 0 Physicist Mikushkina Secretary 0 16 DocId 31432014 33546 DocId 31432014 - w I DECLASSIFIED 32cm TION NAME and TITLE Mirianashvili Experimental Ph sic Miran Anatomy Personnel g 01 1 Isi Or bagossibly same as above Mironovo Vera Volkovna Dentist -Scort Sin Mitrenin Boris Petrovich VBC enmkov Evgen Physical Chemist-Physicist Sin Oveclrsis Laboratory 0 Mitrenina Olga Medical Doctor A Chi' MVD COL Molchankm Personnel Chief A Oz It 1 Power Station Construction 0 - Chemical Laboratory Technician A Palivin Visits 1327 Sig MOPOZOV POIitlcal Leader 0 Palkin Nikoiay Georgevich Morozova Galina Gavrilovna School Teacher 5 Analytical Chemist Panin Design Of ce A Moslfaley Yurin Ivanovich Panina Political Section A Seienti c Assistant Peizelayev Analytical Chemist Moskovskiy Electrician A Pepelyeyeva Galina Mozdokeli Tinatin Georgiyevna Laboratory Technician 3 Chemical Laboratory Assistant A Perelegin R G Mozgovaya Tamara Afanasyevna Chief Electrical Engineer 1948 0 Laboratory Assistant A Perevalo Dina Mukhin Calt Chief Fire Department Chief Personnel Section A Musatov MVD Capt Escort 0 Perevalo Ira First Section A Musatova Escort Perov Vyacheslav Stepanovich Nazarov Georgiy Chief Motor Pool A Scientific Assistant 3 Negodin Lt Personnel Department Pervukhin M G Visitor 1947 Nekrilov Boris Mikhaylovich PetriV Petrin Chief Escort Section A Chief Electrical Engineer Nemirovskiy Boris Petrov Chief oi Procurement IS physicist-v131tor from Lab II 0 Petrov Mechanic Sin Neshcheglotovlt Col Mikhail Petukhov Valentin Afanasovich Chief MGB Section Accelerator Nikolashvili Chief Political Section A Pevsner Anatohy Nishiklotov MVD Capt Procurement Section Novikov Ivan Ivanovich Pevsner Sc1enti c Assmtant Visitor 19514952 0 Pivm Lt Escort Novikovskiy Boris Pluton Nuclear PhySiCist A High Frequency physicist Pogrebnyak Political Section A Obchinikov Physicist Polikhatko Dispatcher A anisyan Unknown Sin Polyanskiy Chemist Olgeynichenko Petr Maksimovich Polyanskiy Visitor 1947 0 Chief Fire Department A Nikolay Ceorgevrch Oleynikov Dep Admin Chief Metallurgical Chemist Ordzhonikidze Avtandil PolyanskIY Chemical Laboratory Assistant A Ponomarev Capt 0rdzhonikidze Ketovan Georgiyevna Worked in Kommandatura Physicist A Popov Mechanic A Ordzhonikidze Rastom Popovi'sergey PhYSiFi t A Laboratory Assistant A Poroshin Oleg A Orlov MVD Mal Poryadkova Nadezhda Chi ef Escort Section A Scienti c Assistant 686882- 17 W NAME and TITLE Postak Yelizaveta Abramovna Radiochemical Assistant Postnikov Chemist Postnikova Zinaida Grigoriyevna Chemist Preshibaylo Maj Chief MVD Section after 1950 Pribitkov Designer Chemist Prokudin Ivan Petrovich Chemist - Prokudina Laboratory Technician Pupko Chief Fluid Metal Laboratory Pupkov Scienti c Assistant Putsenko Petr Carpenter Rakhinov Khamil Mirsaidovich Accelerator Physicist Rasvin MVD Col Adminstrative Chief Rayskiy Igor Vasilyevich Instrument Technician Rayskiy Slava Vasiiyevich Electrician Rayskaya Marina Vasilyevna Chemist Razorenov Ivan- Electrician Remezeva Nina Alekseyevna Chemical Laboratory Technician Repin Physicist Repin Physicist Resigyan PhysiCist Roganyan Chiefsoftpepot Escor ec ion Sgiazg v High Frequency Physicist Romanov Theoretical PhySicist Romanova Chemist Romanovich Theore Roslov Chief Roslova tical Physicist Supply Warehouse 1949-50 Bookkeeper Rozman Josef Mironovich Rudanovskiy Engineer Rudenko Technician Rudenkova Unkown I Ryazantsev ikolay Sergcerich Mechanical Foreman Samoylov Maj Administrative Deputy to Director Saryan Chief Supply Depot Savin Lt Secret Department Savina Laboratory Technician Selyutin Escort Section 18 DocIdz31432014 33 3 SECRET DECLASSIFIED America 4 193213% NAME and TITLE LOCATION Semenov Alecksey Afanasevich First Section - Semenov Dmitriy Ivanovich Scienti c Assistant Semenov Medical Doctor Semyenov Visitor 1951-52 Serbinov Arkadi Nokolayrvich High Frequency Physicist Sereda Bleb Arkadiyevich Chief Sungul after 1953 Seregin Vasiliy Ilyich First Section Sergeyev Aleksey Fedorovich Capt Chief Personnel 1948 52 Serogin Administrative Secretary Shariga Tamara Ignatyevna Administrative Supply A Shchamba Nadezhda Laboratory Assistant Sherman Lev Yeremevich High Frequency Physicist Shilova Ida Borisovna Scienti c Assistant Shishkina Fedosiya Ivanovna Medical Assistant 8 Shitikov Mechanic Shkolnikov Leonid Borisovich Chief Workshop Shkolnikova Margarita Nikoiayevna Chief Dispensary Shkualidze High Frequency Specialist Sin Shlyakhin Sergey Mikhaylovich Chief Personnel A Shlyakhin Yura Sergeyevich Glassblower A Shlyakhina Tamara Sergeyevna Laboratory Assistant A Shamkov Ivan Chau eur - - 0mm Shmakova Valentina Bookkeeper Shoniya Benno Chemical Laboratory Assistant Shuieshko Aleksandr Political Section Shulesko Sascha Possibly above Administrative Sin Shvanev Lt Venyamin Semenovich Chief Escort Section-Interpreter Shvangeradze Rezo Roz hdenovich Chemist A Sinetskiy Fireman A Sinovev P Petrovich Accelerator Physicist 0 at 33546 in IE DECLASSIFIED Authority Mg 9 Nana and TITLE NAME LOCATION Smyavskiy Alek andr Electrician A Tlssen Mark Yulianovich Skolnikov Engineer Chief Physics-Section skorobogatova Scientific ASSistant Tkachenko Lt Gen 3 siyusarev Tkemaladze Nikolay Escort A Radiological Labfiratory Technician 0 Topolin Chief Administrative Sin Slyusareva Chemlst Tregubenko Irina Petrovna Smirnov Chief rEscort Section 0 Laboratory Assistant Smirnov-Averin Radiological Laboratory 0 Trenev Lt Geargiy Petrovich Smirnov-Averina Chemist 0 Administrative Deputy to Director Soifer Chemist Sin 'rrenev MVD Lt Possibly above A Sokolova Chemist Sin Trigubnyna - - Sokurova Yelizaveta Nikolayevna Medical Assistant MVD Informer Scienti c Assistant 8 Trubnikov Xylantovich Lt Col Solntsov Yuriy Mechanic A Depiity Administrative Chief 1948-50 0 Starikov Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Tsarapkin Kayta Escort - Laboratory'Assistant MVD Informer Staviski Counter Laboratory 0 Tsarapkin Sergey Romanovich Stepanenko MVD LL Biological Laboratory Assistant Chief MGB Section A Tsaretskiy Stolbovskiy Medical Section A - Theoretical Physics LaboratOry 194 9 0 Stolyarova Nina Secretary A Tschirner Ifaul Laboratory TechniCian St'rebnitskiy MVD Lt N0_darl Interpreter and'Escort A - Laboratory Ass1stant A Streltsov Yegeniy Ceramics Laboratory 0 Tskhakaya Vakhtang Kalistratowch I - Streltsova' Vera Nikolayevna A scienti c Assistant Tsomaya Radiological Physicist A Strepkova Angelina Pimenovna Tumanova Valentina Ivanovna Medical Assistant 3 Laboratory Assistant A Stubnitskiy Chief Legal Department 0 Rumanovna Yekaterina Ivanovna StubnitSkayai Escort 0 Laboratory Assistant A Subarev Gennadiy A Tupikova Nadya Secretary A Laborawfy Tyemnikov Security Sin SyCh' 21931 qavmovna Ukraintsev Feodor Seienp c Assmant High Frequency Technician 0 MVD u' 001 - UlDeputy Chief Administrative 0 19 or 37 19 A Tarunina Zoya Ivanivna Ulitenko Sergey Ivanov1ch Bookkeeper A Chief Bookkeeper A Uralets Col Aleksandr K Tekhnedshan Fireman A Chief Administrative and Scienti c VisitOr 1947 0 Uralets Galina Gavrilovna Tigishvili Ilya Tsaakovrch Chief Librarian Chief Mechanical Workshop A Uralets Yurin Aleksandrovich Timofeer-Resovsiiaya- Andrea Radio Technician 3 Laboratow 1k 1 Uvin Lt Ivan Petrovich Tim Feer'Res9VS aya' oay a Chief Bookkeeper until 1950 8 Chief Radiobiological Section TimofeyewResovskaya' Yelena A Vakhomn Petr Fedorovrch Scienti c Assistant 5 Chief Motor Pool 1949 Timoshenko goris Vasilenko Motya Chemist A Laboratory Assistant 0 Vasilyev Ivan Electrician A SEC-BET 19 DocId 31432014 DECLASSIFIED mm- Authority 4 419 71 99 20 NM ma TITLE NAME and TITLE Visitor 1949 Yemel anov Va Veksler y $1 1y imionovich Vemhchagln Makslm ikolayevich Visitor Lt Col Commandant Yermin Vladimir Nikodimovich Vereshchagina Aleksandr Sememovna Chemist A Si Yeifngna t Namga' layevna Vlasenko Valentin Pavlovich Yermolayev Yulian Technician Sin st Sin Zakharev Petr Ivanovich Lt Col 0 ova A Zamollov MVD Maj Volkol Vladimir Volodya Technician Sin Zavenyagin Avraami Paulovich Voronets Georgiy Yevsta yevich Visitor 1947 35 0 Laborer A Zaytsev Viktor Trifonovich Voronkov MGB Lt Col Mikhail Mechanics Foreman A Chief MGB Section A Zaytseva Natalya Romanovna Voytsenya Bookkeeper A Kindergarten Worker A VoznesenSkiy SergeYSAlfksandrOViCh Zhelyayeva Anastasiya Stepanovna Chief Chemical ec ion Chemist A Voznzuk Zhemov Theoretical Physicist A Vyat in 86 we Zhilin MVD Security 0 Yakhontov Chief Engineer 1947 Yegorov Chief Electrical Engineer 1953 Zhn iliz z ni'zleksandr vaSllovmh Sin vna ye Zimin Maj Chief MGB Section 1952 Yelistratov Electrical Engineer Sin Zuerer Visitor 1947 59 Yelkin Chemist Sm Zveryev Brig Gen ViSitor 1946 51 0 i ima DocIdz31432014 r r DECLASSIFIED Authority ig 20 I- I I UNEODED E025x1 CIA SECRET 33546 31432014                     National Security Archive    Suite 701  Gelman Library  The George Washington University    2130 H Street  NW  Washington  D C  20037    Phone  202 994‐7000  Fax  202 994‐7005  nsarchiv@gwu edu