3 552 23 1 57% RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT TO SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE REPORT 2-57 CONTRIBUTIONS OF GERMAN SCIENTISTS I TO THE ATOMIC ENERGY PROGRAM OBNINSKOYE v-57 15 April 1957 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE 13 3 23 classg ed Atdhon'ty 33546 By 61957 oroth Johnson Date 0 -09-2017 DECLASSIFI ED Authority MESSEZO Research Supplement to Scientific Intelligence Report 2-57 0F GERMAN SCIENTISTS TO ATOMIC ENEFGY PROGRAM OBNINSKOYE 2-35 v 57 15 April 1957 CENTRAL INPEILIGENCE AGENCY Office of Scienti c Intelligence of the German scientists who were - DECLASSHHED 3 10 six reports dealing with the activities imported into the Soviet Union in 1945 Soviet Atomic This is one of a series of to do work related to the development and expansion of the taining to _the Energy Program development or a high energy aec - 0 553 to the Soviet'itomic Energy Program the over-all aspects of the I Details or research at Obninskoye per elerstor will be reported in 6-57 rs 1355 report cm sx 2-57 January 1957 Secret deals with German contributions See also Contributions of German Scientists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program - Secret Z-RS I-57 Contributions of German Scientists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program - SUNGUL Secret Contributions of German Scientists to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program - acmznu Secret I 2-83 11-57 018 SI 2-33 11 1-57 Contributions of German Scientists to the Soviet Atomic Exergy Program - Secret 2-46 Iv-57 All information presented herein' has a returned Conan and Austrian scientists Intelligence research ended 15 August 1956 and technicians -1ii - been obtained from the testimonies DECLASSIFI ED Authority 1 4 l9 $3th comm-rs PMACE SCOPE SWRY AND CONCLUSIONS DISCUSSION Administration Research Assigned to the Ninth Directorate MVD Theoretical Pagearch Research on Neutron moratora Research Program 01 First Chief Directorate Council of Ministers Research on Beryllium Moderation of On liquid Mata ResaarCh on the Cladding of Uranium Roda conatmction of the Atomic PmrAStation Liaison With Other souet'mtitutes APPENDIX of the Atomic Research Institute at u mnxx Obninakdye 11 E025x1 CIA L222 111 13 APPENDIX c -List of Soviet Personnel Associated with Obninskoye 15 i 1- 38 31 FIGURES Chart Soviet Administration of Object 17 at Ohmkoye Chart Organization of Institute at Obninskoye 1949-1952 Drawing Floor Plan of Main Building at Obninskoye Institute 1949 1952 Drawing Floor Plan Messanins and Third Floor of Main - 801mm Map Institute Buildings and Surrounding Area 1-2a - muss - r DECLASSIFI ED Authority 9 33% 10 WT DISCUSSION AW --The atomic research institute a located at Obninsko in glutzgagyna Oglast was formed in 191 6 under the direction of the 9th Diiectorate until 1950 1 roi essor Aleksandr Ilich Leypunskiy was the scientific director the en the Institute became part of the let Chief Directorate attached 0 Council of Ministers It was at this time that Professor Dmitriy Ivanovich Blokhintsev became the director or the Institute a position which he held until 1956 The administration of the research program at the' Institute after 1950 was conducted by Blolchintsev himself with the assistance of Andrey Kapitonovich Krasin the deputy scientific director and since 1956 the director The administrations the German scientists working at the institute was handled om 191 6 to 1952 by Professor Heinz Pose The administration of the general services was conducted by colonel Petr Ivanovich Zakharev of'the mm the deputy administration director A complete description of the organization of the atomic research institute at Obninskoye is given in Appendix A mgegrch Assigned by the 2th initial role the re- played in the 9th Directorate atomic energy program was two- fold in nature - l 'l o develop a nuclear reactor 2 To develop a high energy accelerator The development of a nuclear reactor was undoubtedly a prime objective of i the institute The scarcity of good mndalnental physical data and the lack of research equipment and materials made it necessary for the group to start with very basic measurements For all practical purposes the year 191 6 was spent constructing the essential apparatus and purifying the required chemicalss While the initial task or the Theoretical Laboratory under the direction of Beirut Schefi ers was to determine the characteristics of a beryllium moderated Chicago type pile the Moderator Laboratory directed by - ozulius was ordered by Leypunskiy in 1946 to determine the neutron moderation in graphite These graphite measurements were completed in late 1947 The Obninskoye research pertaining to the development of an accelerator has been reported in 6-57 Therefore the only reference in this of a administrative or organizational paper to the accelerator will be nature No constructional or research details will be given here -2- ED Authority S e e-n-t-T - #9353510 - 4- nal9b8 all araphite research was - StOPped Since it was bein cond of Sciences % Consequently all moderated reactore 3 izgmegt9oiha beryllium metal or beryllium oxide i moderation len 1n beryllium neing the same methods as for the graghite neutrons measured Theoretical he fall of l9h6 the first assi nment iven to thE theoretical group by falivin and Krasin was to make the calculatigns for a hicago-type reactor uSing natural uranium fuel and beryllium as the moderator It was a Simple plane reactor with air cooling it operated at room temperature and had no control The required amounts of uranium and beryllium were deter- mined for different lattice structures The necessary physical constants were obtained from about 50 old German reports The group repeated their calculations neing graphite as the moderator and obtained good checks with those published by Fermi These computations were extended to a system using three-fold enrich- ed uranium and beryllium oxide as the moderator The results of the above projects were presented at a Moscow meeting in August or September 19b to about 10 people including Leypunskiy Blokhintsev Zakharov Feynberg Pose Palivin Zverev Gurevich and Polyanskiy After much discussion Leypunskiy suggested that they become realistic and make the cal- s'stem From August to December 19h7 the effect culations for a cylindrical of the reflectors was calculated using a spherical model to simplify the Various combinations of problem and still give the right order of magnitude d enriched uranium beryllium and beryllium oxide natural uranium three-fol as moderator and reflector were assumed for homo and heterogeneous systems The multiplication factors were generally between 1 1 and l b In 19h8 the majority of the time was spent calculating cylindrical systems using bOth the one-group and the two-group methods of approximation for the Nemirovskiy at Laboratory II was various combination of fuel and moderator making the same calculations on the main cases while the more numerous other cases were left to the Obninskoye group During 19b9 the atmosphere and work of the Institute began to change when it became clear that the institute work was lagging and that the beryllium moderated reactor would not be ready in 1950 The main project of the Theoretical Group during l9h9 was the calculation of the change in reactor operation when parts of the fuel rods were replaced by various 66blants The same reactor systems were considered but suchggoolants'as sodium potassium bismuth pressurized air and light water were introduced The problem was sov operated the first graphite ted directly from this reactor the need of further with the date when Fur The Soviets extrapola oduction reactor and eliminate This time checks pile at Laboratory IIwork at Obninsque I i DECLASSIFIED s s e a a r to determine WhiCh COOlant would have the least effect They computed the conditions when the coolants were in the center of the fuel rods and around the u 1de- N0 temperature effects were considered Leypunskiy Blokhintsev and Nemirovskiy were extremely interested in this work and pressed for the final results A Soviet engineer was brought in once by Leypunskiy and showed the group an elaborate drawing of a reactor cooled by air under a pressure of 50 to atmospheres hnother project in l9h9 was the calculation of the effect that foil neutron detectors would have on the neutron balance of a reactor These calculations were conducted for the Moderator Laboratory Considerable interest was exhibits by Leypunskiy in the problem of the temperature dependence of resonance absorptb Greatest problem here was obtaining reliable constants as no one at the instituu had worked on the problem and the Soviets did not appear to have any reasonable values It was not until 1951 when the U S calculations on LOPO and HYPO ap- peared in Nucleonics that they were able to calculate any value for the reso- nance absorption cross section It was not until the end of 19h9 that the theoretical group made the first calculations concerning the effect of control rods in the reactor systems Neglecting cooling the problem was to determine the change in the multiplicatim constant when a cadmium rod was introduced into the system In early 1950 these calculations were switched to boron control rods due to the fact that cadmium melted at a relatively low temperature However by fall of 1950 a cadmium alloy which could withstand high temperatures was discovered and the boron work was suspended Similar work was being conducted by Geylikman at Laboratory II during this period From the spring to October 1950 the theoretical group determined the optimum experimental arrangements for the measurement of moderator characteristi These problems involved the distribution of neutrons on the surface of a sphere from a symmetrical arrangement of the neutron sources Research on Neutron Moderators --It is apparent that the research conducted by the Moderator aboratory headed by Czulius was either duplicated or supplement ed by the Soviet group under the direction of Morozov and Krasin Beginning in 19b an experimental determination of the moderation of neutrons in graphite was initiated by Leypunskiy and completed in the latter part of l9b7 For these experiments 300 to 500 millicurie Ra-Be neutron sources were used The experimental arrangement consisted of pressed reactor grade graphite blocks These blocks were b0 b0 120 centimeters and contained a measuring channel along the axis The neutron source was placed on the axis a third the distance from the end The indium and rhodium foil neutron detectors were used to measure the neutron density distribution in the measuring channels The German graphite work was stopped in l9h8 as it was to be conducted at an- other institute in the Academy of Sciences DECLASSIFIED AuthorityA l 3 I H e a a q During the year 19h9 the moderation of neutrons in beryllium getallgas studied in the same manner as described above Here plates of cast eryl um or beryllium powder was used in place of the graphite In 1950-52 these studies were extended to include berylliumj0xide A meaSurement of the diffusion of thermal neutrons in a beryllium metal sphere was also conducted in l9h9-SO A 70 to 80 centimeter aluminum spherical shell was filled with a mixture of lump and powdered beryllium metal and had the neutron source placed in the center Upon immersion in water the fast neutrons which pass through the sphere become thermalized and scatter back A oxide detector placed in a channel was used to measure the neutron density distribution From this data the diffusion can be Calculated However the beryllium itself moderated the neutrons to such an extent that the number of neutrons which backscatter into the sphere represented a small difference between two large numbers and thus the meaSurement had a large probable error To improve this method the aluminum sphere was placed in a 20 to 30 cent- imeter thick paraffin shell There was a 5 centimeter gap between the metal sphere and the paraffin In this gap a neutron source was moved along a meridian in such a manner that the time for the source passed through a small increment angle at any given angle from the pole was proportional to the sine of the angle thus making the velocity inversely proportional to the sine Research Program of First Chief Qirectorate Council of Ministries --The lag in the beryllium program was believed to be due to poor planning by Levpunskiy and others inadequated supply of materials and equipment and the failure of Pose to efficiently direct the German work This failure together with the animosity cf the Academy of Sciences towards the MVD probably brought about the reorganization of the institute and its subordination under the POD in 1950 D I Blokhintsev became the director of the institute at this time When the FCD took over the Institute the emphasis of the research program appears to have switched to a study of reactors suitable for the production of electric power This decision was probably influenced by the Successful detonation of an atomic device in September l9b9 Undoubtedly the calculations of the Theoretical Laboratory concerning various coolants together with the intense interest of Laboratory II influenced the decision to construct a power I reactor The research conducted during this period indicates that was assigned to study and develop a beryllium moderated liquid metal cooled power reactor In 1950 Zaretskiy under the direction of Nemirovskiy of Laboratory II made the preliminary calculations for a 1000 kilowatt beryllium oxide reactor The reactor designs called for uranium enriched between the limits of 2 to 20 percent and was to use helium cooling They hoped to obtain a temperature of in the fuel elements Krasin and Malykh had the responsibility for the production of the beryllium oxide Enough beryllium oxide was expected to be -5- DECLASSIFIED Authority 49419399 During the year 19h9 the metal was studied in the same beryllium or beryllium powder these studies oderation of neutrons in beryllium anner as described above Here plates of cast was used in plaCe of the graphite In 1950-52 were extended to include berylliumjpxide A measurement of the diffusion of thermal neutrons in a beryllium metal sphere was also conducted in l9h9-SO A 70 to 80 centimeter aluminum spherical shell was filled with a mixture of lump and pOwdered beryllium metal and had the neutron source placed in the center Upon immersion in water the fast neutrons which pass through the sphere become thermalized and scatter back A oxide detector placed in a channel was used to measure the neutron density distribution From this data the diffusion can be calculated However the beryllium itself moderated the neutrons to such an extent that the number of neutrons which backscatter into the sphere represented a small difference between two large numbers and thus the measurement had a large probable error To improve this method the aluminum sphere was placed in a 20 to 30 cent- imeter thick paraffin shell There was a centimeter gap between the metal sphere and the paraffin In this gap a neutron source was moved along a meridian in such a manner that the time for the source passed through a small increment angle at any given angle from the pole was proportional to the sine of the angle thus making the velocity inversely proportional to the sine Research Program of First Chief_Directcrate Council of lag in the beryllium program'was believed to be due to poor planning by Leyounskiy and others inadequated supply of materials and equipment and the failure of Pose to efficiently direct the German work This failure together with the animosity cf the Academy of Sciences towards the MVD probably brought about the reorganization of the institute and its subordination under the FCD in 1950 D I Blokhintsev became the director of the institute at this time When the FCD took over the Institute the emphasis of the research program appears to have switched to a study of reactors suitable for the production of electric power This decision was probably influenced by the successful detonation of an atomic device in September l9h9 Undoubtedly the calculations of the Theoretical Laboratory concerning various coolants together with the intense interest of Laboratory II influenced the decision to construct a power 3 reactor The research conducted during this period indicates that Obninsque was assigned to study and develop a beryllium moderated liquid metal cooled power reactor In 1950 Zaretskiy under the direction of Nemirovskiy of Laboratory II made the preliminary calculations for a 1000 kilowatt beryllium oxide reactor The reactor designs called for uranium enriched between the limits of 2 to 20 percent and was to use helium cooling They hoped-to obtain a temperature of in the fuel elements Krasin and Malykh had the responsibility for the production of the beryllium oxide Enough beryllium oxide was expected to be -5- DECLASSIFIED s-s-a-H-e- Amhm'y WQ f hun byfl9g3 to permit the construction of the reactor The overall A low- 038 ox1de reactor project was conducted by Leypunskiy me 11 beryllium moderated reactor was placed in operation August the building of the atomic power station Atomnaya Energiya No b 1956 During 1951 the German theoretical group was increasingly excluded from the main work of the institute and the Soviets showed less interest in their work The first main project of 1951 was an investigation of the time dependent processes in reactors Nemirovskiy asked them to investigate the increase of neutron density as a function of the time during startup and gave them a set of constants for a reactor By this time the Soviets were giving the Germans only reactor constants to work with and not the entire reactor system During this-study it was observed that the reactor having the given constants would have an unusally high resonance absorption and hence produce a lot of plutonium and couldtae used as a breeder or converter - This situation was discussed with Blokhintsev and he became quite perturbed ted that he did not think that Nemirovskiv's constants Several months were spent determining the interference effects between cadmium control rods in a cylindrical reactor This problem was brought to him from Blokhintsev's Department by Tsaretskiy The arrangement given consisted of about 10 to 12 rods arranged with one in the center and the remainder sym- metrically spaced through the reactor The Group was to determine the change i in the multiplication factor The moderator in this case was beryllium A third project conducted during 1951 was the calculation of various reactor models at higher temperatures These calculations were made for a large number 1 of cylindrical models at temperatures of 300 C and between 500 and Using beryllium and beryllium oxide data taken from the US literature they determined the dependence of diffusion length upon density Cooling was included in the I calculations Sodium and potassium may have been considered as their temperature density curves were requested Leypunskiy appeared to be quite interested in the resu blem and Blokhintsev's group was not Therefore it appeare Ithat these calculations were required in connection with 1 design work in the technical part of the Institute 5 Another project given to the group by Blokhintsev was the determination of the lifetime of reactors at various power levels Assuming a cylindrical beryllium or beryllium moderated model with threefold enriched fuel it was found that the reactor operating at a level between 5000 and 10 000 kilowatts would break down in two to three months ' V'J'Eozsxl CIA mes-54 Amh riWM393910 DECLASSIFIED In 1952 the chief project was the calculation of the influence of a control 'rod placed in the refle t r 0f 8 Cylindrical system upon the multiplication factors This problem was assigned by Ts aretskiy and appeared to be assigned as gecheck on work conducted by the Soviets The RPT reactor which was designed in ptember 1951 has its automatic control rods in the reflector thResearch on Beryllium Moderation of Neutrons --A series of basic studies on nuclear properties of beryllium and beryllium oxide were carried out under the general direction of A K Krasin The study conducted by Krasin himself was the measurement of the effective capture cross section of thermal neutrons for these substances The group under Czulius determined the neutron moderation length and the diffusion length in both of the above substances and also in a combination of the two The beryllium hydroxide beryllium oxide and the beryllium metal used in the experiments of the laboratories of Morozov and Czulius were all analyzed by the Chemical Laboratory under the direction of Koppel and also by the Spectrographic Laboratory under the direction of Krueger The degree of purity determined both chemically and spectrographically permitted the calculation of the true capture cross section of beryllium Their results were also used as the basis for the quality production control measures instigated at the Podolsk Branch of the State Institute of Rare Metals GIREDWET The purity require- ments are given by the Germans and are also given in Krasin's Geneva paper The total amount of beryllium oxide and metal at Obninskoye at the end of 1952 was estimated by the Germans to be about 1% metric tons Significantly Krasin in his paper states that he had 1500 kilograms of beryllium metal for his dif- fusion length measurements In fact the entire paper presented by Krasin at Geneva is an account of the beryllium neutron attenuation research conducted at Obninskoye The Ceramic Laboratory directed by Malykh was working to develop a method of produCing a high grade sintered beryllium oxide His work was guarded closely by the Soviets However it was reported that he had considerable dif- ficulty in maintaining the purity requirements throughout the sintering process The sintered blocks tended to pick up traces of iron from the presses The density of the sintered beryllium oxide produced by this group was about 2 h to 2 7 Although the results of his work was unknown to the Germans the methods used and the density of the sintered product are very similar to those given in the Geneva Report by G A Meyerson Research on Liguid Metal --A large portion of the Soviet liquid metal re- search was concentrated at the Obninskoye Institute At the time of the re- organization a large group of Soviet metallurgists were moved from a large city on the Volga River possibly Saratov or to Obninskoye where they formed the Metallurgical Department under the direction of Ageyev Lashenko took over the department in late 1951 This was a highly classified project and was primarily staffed with Soviet personalities Because the German -7- 1r1r1rs ss4n DECLASSIFIED s s e-H-a mm 429199510 analytical groups conducted the static testing of the metals to be used for the goolantppipes enough information was obtained to identify portions of the Sen v aper as work conducted'at Obninskoye This work indicates that V1e tevhn 19gy 1n the field of liquid metal cooling of nuclear reactors has reached the p01nt where they are capable of producing a liquid metal cooled power reactor for the production of electricity During 1950-52 various laboratories at Obninsque were conducting research on liquid metals and pipes in connection with the design of a liquid metal reactor This project was included in the Institute plan of 1951 as proposed by Krasin He outlined a two-fold corrosion problem of studying the corrosion of pipes of various materials by the liquid metal and the diffusion of liquid metals into the pipes By 1952 the Metallurgical Department had about 100 scientists working on these problems This number included the chemical laboratories of the Institute The problem of studying the effects of pumping liquid metals through stain less steel pipes was handled by the Laboratory of Fluid Metals under the direction of Pupko The laboratory contained about 100 meters of IaIT stain- less steel pipe of B h to 1 inch diameter The electro magnetic liquid metal pump was designed by Von Oertzen and was a modified version of the pump described in the American Liquid Metals Handbook A 100 kilowatt high fre- quency heater transmitter was used to heat the liquid metal The pumping speeds were unknown but the times of the tests varied from a few hours to several days Static tests were also conducted on the effects of liquid metals on various pipes In these tests 3 to inch cylinders made of the desired stegl were filled with the liquid metal and held at a temperature of 350 to for periods of 8 to lb days After the above tests were conducted samples of both the pipe and the coolant would be taken and analyzed to determine the extent of the diffusion of the interaction between the pipe and the coolant A description of the analysis procedure is given in the report The complete results of the program are not known as the work was expanded in 195h However early indications showed that in contact with leadwbismuth alloy carbon steel was better than stainless steel containing nickel as the nickel dissolved out the stainless steel The RFT first test loop for testing pressurized water cooling became operative in December 1952 The liquid metal loop was not installed until sometime in the latter part of 1953 or the early part of l95h The Metal Laboratory of Ageyev worked on X-ray experiments for the study of the structure of the metals subjected to the corrosion tests X-ray studies of the above type were reported in the Geneva Paper as one of the methods of studying the type of corrosion caused by lead-bismuth alloy on stainless steel -3- DECL ASSIFI ED Authority 1i 35% 20 fHowever from the reported increase in the size of the analytical section and he number of iron tests which had to be run in 1951 it can be concluded that the liquid metal research was expanded from 1952 to l95b The classified nature f this work prevented the Germans from learning about the results of the program The results of a portion of the liquid metal program were presented at the Geneva Conference in Paper by L I Tsuprun and M I Tarytina While this work was not identified with Obninskoye the research methods and conditions fitted those described by the Germans It is therefore assumed that a great portion of the work reported in the paper came from Obninsxoye In the period 1950-51 Leyounekiy ordered the measurement of differential scattering cross sections of neutrons on lead bismuth and uranium The neutron souce was a MEV cascade generator which had been brought from the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute The eagle dependence of the scattering on rings of uranium lead and bismuth were measured and later sodium and potassium were also included When tn Germans left the institute in September 1952 the project was still incomplete Rexer s group tried to run liquid lead-bismuth through a sintered beryllium oxide pipe However when the pipe broke the project was dropped Professor Ageyev was transferred to the Moscow Metallurgical Institute in late 1951 This can be interpreted either as an expansion of the liquid metal program as a promotion or pdssibly as a result of the slow progress at Obninskoye Lashenko succeeded Ageyev as the head of the Metallurgical De- partment Apparently the liquid metal research at the institute did not proceed rapidly enough to allow the Soviets to tuilize this method of cooling in their first atomic power station reactor The decision to switch to or adopt normal water as the coolant appears to have been made sometime in the first part of 1952 As the order to determine the impurity content of the Obninskoye water was given in the summer of 1952 Research on the Claddin of Uranium Rods --From 1950 to 19$ the Germans of the Chemical Sheratory worked on the problem of electrolytic cladding of uranium rods with various metals This cladding was to withstand contact with various coolants at given temperatures The uranium rods which were obtained from Elektrostal were cleaned mechanically acid The rods went directly into an electrolytic bath where they were plated by the double-dip process each end dipped For complete coating the rods were immersed in the baths and agitated on a mechanically driven ana etabie Coatings of iron chromium copper nickel and silver were tried but never aluminum It was very dif- ficult to obtain a true metallic plate and most of the coatings were porous DECL ED Authority 44 4 9 $13ng However the best results were obtained with a 120 micro la er of iron and chromium with a 10 micron precoating of copper and or nickel In 1952 experiments were being conducted in which a chromium layer deposited upon the uranium the deco it' atmosphere at about mp 8 ion of rCl3 in a hydrogen The coatgd uranium rods were tested by heating them in a vacuum furnace at 600 to 900 C Two hours were taken to bring the rods to temperature at which they were held for two hours and slow cooled for two hours to room temperature If peeling of the coating did not occur the rods were given to Lashenko for further testing Later the rods were tested by immersion in Pb-Bi alloy baths at temperatures of 300 to Failure was measured by the amount of uranium that dissolved in the bismuth Lashenko also used a liquid Pb-Bi bath for testing No samples passed all of the Soviet tests one lasted for 60 hours and were often returned in a crumpled state The above plating experiments were considered to be a failure by the Germans Their attention was then turned toward enclosing the rods in stain- less steel and filling the gap between the uranium and the steel with liquid sodium This work also appeared to be unsuccessful as the rods were returned after testing by the Soviets The rods were burned through due to a test which involved the passing of a heavy current through them Construction of the Atomic Power Station --New construction in the area south of the institute was reported by nearly all of the Germans However the date at which this construction began has been reported anytime from 19h9 through 1952 It is believed that the actual construction began in 1951 This area was evacuated in l9h9 The site is located about 600 meters SSW from the Institute in the direction of the Protva River Colonel Ovechgin MVD was in charge of all of the construction activities Scaffolding for a building was observed in the summer of 1952 By 19Sh the Institute was con- nected with the gas pipeline from Saratov which improved the heating system A N Grigor'yants was reported as the chief engineer Liaison with Other Soviet Institutes --Members of the German group were constantly being called in to confer with representatives of Laboratory II on various problems throughout the period prior to 1950 This indicates that the Soviets were not sure of their methods and sought the opinion of the Germans during this early period After the reorganization of the Institute the German group was consulted less and less frequently by people from other Soviet Institutes as well as by the Soviets stationed at Obninskoye It is believed that an excellent liaison was always conducted between the Soviet group at the Institute and Laboratory II and other institutes concerned with the same problems nnan231432122 DECLASSIFIED Authoritu ug $93910 APPENDIX A ORGANIZATION OF THE ATOMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE AT OBNINSKOYE Atomic Research Institute also called Object V is located at N 55-01 36-29 in the Kaluzhskaya Oblast It is 2% kilo- meters west of the 117 kilometer road marker on the Moscow-Maloyaroslavets highway This places the Institute about 10 kiIOmcters northeast of Maloyaroslavets 0rganization --The Institute was composed of two primary sections the Administrative Section and the Technical Research Section iThe organizational breakdown of these two sections re resented in was so ect- Figures 3a and 3b institute and Figure a sketch of as the best representative of actual organization contain a sketch of the floor plans of th Institute site CIA -11- - 50 USC 403g - CIA Authority 41 9 333510 -12 - mummy or 1mm mun-i w sown ADMINISTRATION OF OBYEKT AT OBNINSKOYE mm DURING 1949-52 cur kw or AID 1 va MM 01me 0' AND mum Inch Lu 1m c unuu gum-u KdtmOu u comm albumen 0mm 'Mum uw mun m u Truman mm In l lb m bog Omanluau-Jo Dr man u ammo 07 autumn-uncut um tum cm HART Oil mm - ml m Ian-n Duct mun mun m nun rm unnu- mammaun Prob-bu madman cm mum mum I Dun hm um 3 Ian 33'4 mm a unmar- uummu umn n-a-n Islam I 34mm hummus-nu unall- I I i In bum Iva-nu was nun-n mm I mud-min mu luv u Inm- dim-Hod I mm un t NM Minimum-Dd hon-t mmnum nnuum lm til-u mun or In Aunt-hm mum nut-mat mm Hm I I 'u Ila-m uh 1-4 u ml allu- mm Mum sum n mu map-mu MI uon- Ann In rmxuu Lu-n mo um nut mun-m nu can t-um carnal cum human nu WW '4 nun-m an I can mm I'll hi - OMI- wuvm wow m SCIDCTIHC not alumna Mnb tum cl own manna l0 0'00 uunmm run-mu K Kn l ORGANIZATION OF INSTITUTE AT OBNINSKOYE DURING l949-52 I xlml MY IBM 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RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND ADJACENT CONSTRUCTION AREA V13 $303 AGEYEV 497 391 371 Ch Metallurgical Dept 50 to F1 ALEKSANDROVICH Prof Visitor 'Sl MEKSEYEV Lashenko n Lab mm avid Escort iaj MVB Ch Security Dr '318-' BAR bscert Ceranic Lab 51 BAYSHEVA Chem Lab 39 Ch Chem Lab warm Lt Col 9th Dir Visitor Dimitri Ivnnovich Pruf n roctor '50 50 nummu Yula hdmin Ch of usse Lam ICH Vialtor - Jinter b7 u Uh a Gan Mir W APPENDIX Soviet Personnel DECLASSIFI ED 0 Authority A MM Lennected with Obninskove Institute CHARTSOVICH Accel Group 'h7-'50 '33 NOV Moderator Lab Mar 53 IRWIN mm-ms Boris Lt WD Escort of Pose Ha Commandant Lo '51 FLTROV G N Prof Visitor GLASKGV Yu Yu Pose's Lab GLAZANUV Vladimir Nikolayev Ch HF Lab Lt 301 MVU 9th Dir _oo Visitor 30 GDLZ Accel Group Chem Lab h9-'52 GORBACHEVA Iypist Sacret Dept n N Ch Eng Power Station Constructisn GRISHENKO Lt Col HGB Chief HEB Unit Escort to '51 IYEVLEJ Ancrey Ch Secret Dept Interpreter 9th Dir Visitor KALESINIKOV Busse Lab HF Lab hB- So and ISO KALININ Col MVD 9th Dir Visitor h9 KAMINIR Lev Petrovich Accel Group Busse Lab 51- 52 KARABASH Aleksi Georgievich Metallurgical Dept Chem Lab '51 KATSKATSYAN Major MVD Visitor Supplies3 h8 KAZACHKOVSKIY Tomara Accel Group 'h7-'50 KAZACHKOVSKIY Oleg Dmitrivich Dep Accel Group KHACHATUROV Purchasing Dept '50 KHACHATUROV Dep FluidlMetal Lab '52 KHACHATUROV Khachatuv Abramovich HF Lab KHACHAEUROVA Design Office h9 KIRILOV KIRYIDV Fluid Metal Lab 'h9 '52 KORUILENKO Aleksandr Lavrentovich Accel Group '50 KOSHKIN Ch Design Office 'h9-'52 Kapitonovich Ch of 8 Dept mmz Chem Lab B1 Chem '10-'52 KRUTKOV Yuri Aleksandrovich Local Group KRUZHKO Interpreter b9- 51 KURCHATOV Prof Visitor 'h7-'51 -16- DECLASSIFI ED Authority 41419393510 KUZNETSOV MiChael Michaelovich Col MVD Liaison with Zavenyagin Visitor LASHENKO Ch Metallurgical Dept '51 LAVRENCH Aleksandr Ch Counter Lab LEONTEV Nikolay Ivanovich Busse Lab LEONTEVA Busse Lab to Agudzeri in 50 LEVRENTEV Accel Group 'h7-'50 LEYPUNSKIY Aleksandr Ilyich Director Liaison to FCD 50 E 0 Metallurgical Lab MALISHEV Radio Lab 'h9 MALYKH Ch Ceramic Lab 'h9 NALZEVA Sec to BUYKNOV h8 MATALIN Ch Electronic Lab 'h9-'So MATYUSHENKOVA Zingida Fedorvna Married to Kruzhko Chief Doctor MAUKIN Lt Escort i MELNIKOV Capt MVD Purchasing Dept HIKUSHKIN Capt MVD Chief Purchas- ing 'h8- 51 MIKUSHKINA Sec to Chief of Adnin to Zakharov MOROZOV I 0 Pres Obnin Communist Party MOROZOVA Galina Gavrilovna Radio Lab Purity Anal Lab '50-'52 DocId 31432122 Capt HGB-MVD Escort went to Sinop '52 MUSATOVA Escort to Sinop '52 mmovsm Visitor 'h7-'So from Lab 2 NOVIKOV Ivan Ivanovich Dr Ch 9th Div MVD Visitor '51 and '52 MNTKOVSKIY Boris Power Plant '51-'53 RF Lab '53 OBCHINIKOV Accel Group 'h8-'50 OLEYNIKOV Deputy Chief Admin OVCHENNIKOV Evgen Petrovich Busse Lab ovucaqu Col MVD 1950-51 Chief Power Station Construction '52 PALIBIN Petr Aleksandrovich Chem Lab PEIZELAYEV Purity Anal Lab '50 PBRVUKHIN M 6 Min Chem Inc Visitor May PERELEGIN R 6 Chief Electrical Eng 19h8 PETUKHOV Valentin Afanasovich Dep Accelerator Group PEYSULAYEV Shomet Isayevich Spectroanalytical Lab '51-'52 PIVIN Lt Escort POLYANSKIY Nikolay Georgiyevich Worked under Krassin PUPKO Chief Fluid Metal Lab RAKHIMOV Khamil Mirsaidovich Accel Group - 17 - REFIN Busse Lab 'h8- 50 to Sin0p March '50 ROMANOV Died 53 Theoretical Lab '50-'53 ROMANOVA Chem Lab Pb Chem Ih9-l52 ROMANOVICH Theoretical Lab RUKAVISHNIKOVA Purity Anal Lab SAMSONOVA Purity Anal Lab SAPSOVICH ZAPSOVICH Accel Group SAVIN Sr Lt Dep Secret Dept SAVIN Moderator Lab 9th Dir MVD Visitor '51 and 52 SERBINOV Arkadi Nikolayevich HF Lab 'ha SHERMAN Lev Yeremevich Accel Group HF Lab '50 SHPIGEL Isaak Zamuelovich or Solomonovich Accel Group 'b7-'50 Busse Lab '50 SINOVEV P Petrovich Accel Group SLYUSAREV Secretary Partkom 'h9 Radio Lab 'h7-'h9 SLYUSAREVA Chem Lab 'h9 SMIRNOV Chief Escort Services '52 SMIRNOV-AVERIN pep Radio Lab 'b7 SNIRNOV-AVERINA Nina Ivanovna Chem Lab DECLASSIFIED Authority a $995 20 DECLASSIFIED Authority_ 9-- sofogoV oV1adimir 1 Accel- Group ZAVENYAGIN AvraSmi Paulovich - 5 Visitor 'u7-'s3 0 nter Lab '51 ZHILIN MVD Security Visitor 'bo STRELTSOV Yegeniy Dep Ceramic I Lab '50 HF Lab b6-'So isitor 147 so ZVERYEV Brig Gen Chief 9th STUBNITSKAYA Escort to Sukhumi 52 Div to 51 Visitor h6 'b5 119 STUBNITSKIY Chief Legal Dept TABULEVICH Lt Col MVD '51-'52 Dep Chief Admin Visitor Apr '11 TIMOSHENKO Boris Lab Attendant 'h7 Accel Group fnu Xylantovich Lt Col Bap Chief Admin TRUBNIKOV V 9 Engr Officer TSCHIRUER Paul Lab Tech Electronic Lab Feodor HF Lab '50 VANISHKUM Pose Lab Ceramic Lab Visitor Summer 'h9 YEHELYMJOV Vasiliy Simionovich Prof Visitor ZAKHAREV Petr Ivanovich 001 MW PIVD Dep Adnin Dir ZARETSKIY D F Theoretical Lab '19 - 13 - DocId 31432122                     National Security Archive    Suite 701  Gelman Library  The George Washington University    2130 H Street  NW  Washington  D C  20037    Phone  202 994‐7000  Fax  202 994‐7005  nsarchiv@gwu edu