maJuommaJl1 0l5 B J EOU 1 l J U $l J $ 00 $ iJfil $ f aJ l5m B OO iJ I1 lIJfil lBm U Jl1 J Wille 1J0 D4 L 1 I ' MEXICAN O IL US KNERC Y SECURITY U ooooooooooo GOLDEN OLD' E U o ' oo o o SHELL GAME SUICIDE SHELL U oooooooooooooooooo 1 I I 1 ooooooooooooooooooooooooo I 86-36 o o o ' 5 1 o 6 i ' '1 1 oooooooo 8 11 'I SPY' A LA MOSCOW U oooooooooo 13 NSA-CROSTIC NO 55 U David H Williams 20 'flUS 80CUMEN'f CONTAINS EUROBI3'llORB MA'fI3RIAb TOP SECRET eclassified and A Gb SSIPIElB BY fiSA SSSU 123 2 BElGb SSIFY 8U 8rigiasdag roved for Release b NSA on 10-16-2012 ursuant to E o 13526 MDR Case # 5477 4019700 BI i8R1 i'i' BPStil Published by P1 Techniques and Standards VOL XI No 5 MAY 1984 PUBLISHER BOARD OF EDITORS Editor o Asst Editor Production 1 963-3045S 963-1103s 963-3369s 1 Collection Computer Secur1ty crYPtolingui i h 1 963-3961s Edito ia' Uj Attitudes change It has been some years now since a senior government official said Gentlemen don't read other people's mail It is not resting on our laurels to say that most senior people in our government now recognize the usefulness of what we do However there is a new attitude around about secrecy--that it is somehow immoral And anyone who keeps secrets is evidently immoral too at least until proven otherwise ----------- Data Systems o o j Information Science j I 963-4953s ----l 963-5711s r 968-8518s Mathematics o HI Puzzles oo DayJd H Williams Special Research o i Vera R Filby Traffic Ana1ys Rpbert J Hanyok 963-1103s 968-7119s 968-8418s Fqf subscriptions send name and organizat ion Ip14 jt t1 P L 86-36 To submit articles or letters by mail to P1 Crypto1og via PLATFORM mail send to crypto1g at bar1c05 bar-one-c-zero-five note no '0' in 'log' Contents of Crypto1og should not be reproduced or further disseminated outside the National Security Agency without the permission of the Publisher Inquiries regarding reproduction and dissemination should be directed to the Editor EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 aCID 4019700 e e'Ftetkt SE ewtr A Convergence of National Goals IS041 L - n ergy--a basic concept in the industrial world--has taken on an impor tance to our generation well beyond the' confines of its dictionary de U finition Energy truly is power-not only in the mechanical sense of force but also in the global sense of military strength and political control Energy is not only ability to perform work it is the basic component of the West's industrial and defense structures Energy is the foundation of the industrialized world B U Over the last several decades the United States has shifted its military and industrial base so as to now equate energy supply with the supply of crude oil and petroleum products The seeming world abundance of oil occasioned a transition from traditional reliance on coal to dependence on petroleum The nation's entire economic structure is built on a foundation of cheap readily available oil supplies and its continued functioning is critically dependent on maintenance of those supplies This transition of energy supply sources could be viewed as a domestic policy issue if it were not for the fact that US oil production is insufficient to meet US oil demand U The United States though one of the world's largest producers of petroleum must import significant quantities of oil to meet its strategic defense and indus trial needs Successful oil exploitation in the US is failing to keep pace with domestic consumption and the need to import oil to satisfy demand will continue to exist for the foreseeable fu ture Thus the security of energy suppl ies is now a key element in US strategic planning May 84 P L 86-36 Uj This paper was awarded Second Prize in the 1983 Essay Contest of the International Affairs Institute when the author's name was I t U There are only two ways to improve a nation's energy security They are to reduce dependence on imports of energy--particularly from insecure sources--and to the extent that such imports are unavoidable to diversify the sources from which they are obtained l The first requires both a commitment to the development of alternative sources of energy and long lead times Since the US Government has decreased its emphasis on the development of alternate energy sources for various political economic and environmental reasons and since even a renewed full-force commitment could not alleviate short- and medium-term energy supply problems immediate US policy initiatives need to be focused on the diversification of sources of petroleum supply U Because of the fact that 56 percent of the world's proven oil reserves are located in the Middle East acquisition of foreign supplies has been heavily weighted toward the nations of that area but recent history has shown the Middle East to be a region with significant risk of political disruption 2 The United States also imports petroleum from other geographic area and has made some effort to diversify suppliers by focusing its oil trade negotiations on the countries judged to be most stable It is this aspect of US energy policy which must be expanded o Although the long-term stability of a system CRYPTOLOG Page F8R 8FFlSIM s BeE 8tlbY 1 aCID 4019700 fQll Qf ISlL'm BSr 8UhY of government can never be guaranteed certain factors point to the advisability of a shift toward Mexico as a more prominent supplier of critically needed US petroleum The historical roots of oil relations between the United States and Mexico the overall long-term stability of bilateral relations between the two nations and the potential for their continued stability create the basis for US consideration of a policy of greatly expanded and strengthened oil ties with Mexico CU Mexico is not in a pos1t10n to replace Middle East Oil suppliers but on the basis of politics geography and overall mutual economic and strategic benefits it is a supply source which merits closer examination Mexico is currently the world's fourth largest producer of crude oil and possesses proven reserves in quantity second only to Saudi Arabia As a traditional supplier of oil to the US and a nation which enjoys relative political stability--particularly in its relations with the United States--Mexico could become a significant factor in US strategic energy planning And in the case of Mexico the risks of dependence and concomitant vulnerability would be lessened by the mutuality of the benefits based on such a relationship Mexico's current financial crisis although partially caused by the downturn in the world oil market is also dependent on oil for its resolution Thus the dependence implied in increased US reliance on Mexican oil supplies would be offset by the dependence of Mexican economic recovery on increased oil revenues Such interdependence would lessen the risks for both sides CU Mexico as a source of imported oil stands apart from the Middle East suppliers for many reasons Its stability its geographic proximity to the US and the volume and quality of its oil reserves all add up to an attractive alternate to near-total dependence on Middle East oil suppliers Mexico's current financial crisis offers the United States an opportunity to develop a strong interdependent relationship with Mexico which could serve the national interests of both countries Furthermore the economic strengthening of Mexico could do more than ensure continued political stability in that country it could concurrently strengthen the US position within the hemisphere particularly in the now volatile Caribbean region CU Although the ultimate size of the petroleum resources which Mexico possesses will be important to that nation's long-term economic planning it is already sufficiently large and sufficiently well-documented to support an increase in oil production Mexico's current reserves-to-production ratio remains conservative by international standards and May 84 could be considerably increased based on current proven reserves alone Such an increase requires only the firm decision to proceed but that decision hinges on both internal and external economic factors Although Mexico's domestic petroleum needs have been projected at only about 2 million barrels per day by the late 1980s 31 making any significant production increase contingent on petroleum export policy decisions those decisions will have a noticeable impact on internal Mexican socio-economic conditions and will have to be considered in light of their potent ial to improve--rather than exacerbate-current economic difficulties CU Despite the risk that the accelerated development of Mexico's oil resources could exacerbate current economic problems and the criticism that such a pace will serve only to deplete the nat ion's main natural resource there do not appear to be other viable alternatives Most Mexican officials recognize that the risk must be taken Oil--with all its potential for creating further ills--is the answer for Mexico Despite understandable reluctance to becoming a single-export economy the exploitation of Mexico's petroleum resources will be necessary--at least over the short run--to provide funding for diversification of the economy through industrial development export promotion and revived agricul tural output What does all of this mean to the United States Can--and should-Mexico's oil potent ial have an effect on US oil supplies in particular and on US energy security in general There are several reasons why Mexican crude oil discoveries are of interest to US policymakers not the least of which is their potential for alleviating several pressures on the security of US supplies P L 86-36 SOLUTION TO NSA-CROSTIC No 52 I Education in Diagnosis by NSA Technical Journal Vol xlv No 1 Winter 1969 and quoted in Ars Conjectandi The Fundamentals of Cryptodiagnosis by Lambros D Callimahos 1970 In brief the task of the diagnostician consists of collecting and organizing avai lable material searching for and recognizing phenomena building up hypotheses and making every effort to knock them down again CRYPTOLOG POR 8FFf8fAh BSE Page 2 QN I aCID 4019700 ilQIl QHHJlYb YSK QUb U One of the ost fortuitous aspects of Mexican petroleum is its quality Mexico is one of the few sources of light to intermediate grades of crude oil at a time when world supplies of these grades are sub jec t to production restrictions especially by OPEC member nations US refineries need and can use Mexican oil and Mexico is willing to sell it at world market prices Mexican crudes also contain a low percentage of sulfur another technical characteristic which makes them attractive to VS refiners In addition the geographic proximity of Mexican oil fields makes international transport of Mexican crude less expensive and more secure than oil from other sources v Thus in view of the VS need to acquire more secure sources of crude oil and Mexico's desire to achieve economic stability and growth the development of a strong interdependent special relationship between the two countries could go a long way toward helping each to achieve its national goals With a focus on the energy security and economic development issues in an atmosphere of cooperative interdependence many of the problems between the two nations--trade finance undocumented workers and the like--could enjoy a higher probability of resolution U By shifting oil supply emphasis away from the Middle East and toward a more stable dependable supplier in the Western Hemisphere the United states could greatly enhance the security of its petroleum supplies A further US decision to speed up the fill rate of the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve SPR --relying on long-term Mexican oil supply contracts rather than spot market purchases--would buy additional insurance against energy supply disruption during the upcoming decades of transition to alternative fuels Active encouragement of Mexico's oi 1 development program--by means of a long-term increased quant ity purchase agreement--or pass ive assistance--using advance payments for oil or bridge financing to ease Mexico's current liquidity crisis--could be sufficient incentive for Mexico to accelerate the exploitation of its petroleum resources U For Mexico's part a conscious decision to hasten its exploration for and exploitation of its most valuable natural resource within a calculated blueprint for soc io-economic development will help to ensure the attainment of modernization v An analysis of past disruptions of threats to cutbacks of US oil supplies leads to the conclusion that only diplomatic economic efforts which are in the nat ional interests of oil producers will accomplish the VS goal of oil security 4 The United states must be willing to admit that this gives oil producers the ability to create alliances that further their own national goals but not that this inherent ly gives producing nations the upper hand in supply relationships US policymakers can and should exploit the self-interests of oilexporting nations by creating an interdependent environment in which both producer and One way in consumer interests are served which this can be accomplished is through the establishment of a special relationship with Mexico v Some political theorists will argue that in today's complex interrelated world system the concept of spec ial re lat ionships is outmoded They contend that the United States must take a global approach to foreign policy issues Although this argument is not without merit as it pertains to such issues as defense its applicability to energy security it not as fitting Surely the global implications of energy supply are and should be of paramount concern to the US Government but the encouragement of special oil supply relationships can enhance rather than detract from the overall security of world supply not only by diminishing US vulnerability but also by easing the growing worldwide competition for Middle East oil U For the United States purchases from Mexico would increased oil reduce dependence on OPEC lessen the probability of precipitous price increases because of the already strong interdependence of the two nations' economies and facilitate the transition to alternate energy sources by providing insurance during the period of passage But perhaps the most important reason increased Mexican production and export would May 84 CRYPTOLOG Page 3 peR epPISlltb eSB eUb aCID 4019700 F8R 8FFlSL'eJ lSS 8tlJ enhance the security of supply worldwide lies in its psychological value The OPEC countries are well aware that Mexico has huge petroleum reserves which are growing rapidly as exploration continues The mere knowledge that there is a growing new petroleum source seems likely to reduce the power of the other oil exporters to influence the West with implicit threat of an oil embargo S U The principal result of increased US dependence on Mexico as a source of imported oil would be reduction of its reliance on Middle East oil In addition to serving US national energy security interests such a shift could also enhance worldwide availability of oil by decreasing the impact of US involvement in the anticipated intense competition in the 1980s among West European nations and Japan-and possibly even the USSR 6 --for access to Middle East oil U Furthermore diminished US presence in and dependence on Middle Eas t oi I-producing nations need not imply a diminished concern for security of the region Not only would the US continue to work toward achieving peace in the Middle East out of basic concern for the overall goal of worldwide peace and stability but also because the supply security of its West European and Japanese allies hinges on the security of the region In fact decreased US reliance on Middle East oil supplies could enhance the credibility of US peace initiatives in the region by deflecting the charges of self-interest and ulterior motives often leveled by Arab spokesmen U It becomes increasingly clear that Mexico could--and probably should--become an important source of oil imported by the US in the coming years But it must be remembered that even the immensity of recent Mexican oil discoveries will only postpone by a decade or so the inevitable era of oil scarcity Nonetheless those discoveries can buy consuming nations the time needed to curb their growing appetites for oil and to make less disruptive the conversion to more abundant energy sources 7 NOTES 1 Energy Requirements and Security Report by the Combined Energy Staff International Energy Agency Organization for Economic Cooperat ion and Development Paris n n May 1983 p 29 2 Ibid p 2 3 Richard B Mancke Mexican Oil and Natural Gas Political Str ii teg and ECOnOmic-rmplications New York Praeger 1979 p 61 4 Edward J Laurance An Assessment of the Arms-for-Oil Strategy in Energy and National Security ed Donald J Goldstein Washington National Defense University Presa 198l Jl 89 P L S Mancke 6 Some analysts pred i c t tha t - e- c a u s e 0 l f t 'l h e d' '1 m 1' n 1 s 'l h 1- n g production capability and lack of advanced recovery technology the USSR will become a net importer of oil in the 1980s F8R 7 Senator Frank Church Foreword to Congressional Research Service's Mexico's Oil and Gas Policy An Analysis Washing- ton Government Printing Office 1979 p v CRYPTOLOG 8FFfefl cit p 128 J U Energy security particularly during the upcoming period of transition to renewable sources will require a balance of power between the oil-exporting nations and the US The pursuit of a special oil supply relationship with Mexico is a step toward creating that balance of power both by reducing Middle East influence over US policy through decreased imports and hence decreased vulnerability and by enhancing hemispheric stability through the creation of a mutually beneficial interdependent relationship May 84 b6-36 Page 4 eBB 8NbY 4019700 U ubli ioo of VB de ryp ooo J strictly forbidden Each VN was classified as Secret Geheime Kommandosache and enjoyed the highest security protection It was forbidden to mention VNs and decipherment outside of the office and inside only with those personally known not with unknown officers and officials so called visitors who came in on one pretext or another Every serious cryptologist knows the consequences of publication of a VN When Ambassador Page published the Zimmerman despatches after World War I Chi used these to prove how important exact decipherment is and how important it is that every cryptographic system be tested before being put into use And Page's publication was worth more than a whole series of lectures I 1 Once when an English correspondent obtained knowledge in AA Foreign Office of an Italian VN deciphered by Chi and published it in a Manchester paper including an error in decipherment this Italian system was replaced and Ambassador Amadori who as Fenner recalls was then in Riga was likewise replaced In general the rule was that publication of all sources 25 years after an important event is as soon as it will serve the truth Earlier may be very intriguing but there will be so many decent people involved people who have 'erred not from bad motives but solely from human inadequacy that it is better to maintain silence and wait For this reason there was still no exact story of certain events of World War I During his debriefing after World War II Wilhelm Fenner Ninisterialrat of the Signals Intelligence Agency of the High Command German Armed Forces OKW ChiJ was asked whether publication of decrypts between the wars had any effect on German cryptology This was his answer Extracted from TIe ON I -206 dated 7 August 1947 This is classified Te 5EeRET l'acee8 in its entirety When the French Intelligence Service learned that Chi was working successfully on French diplomatic ciphers this information alone was enough to induce the Quay d'Orsay to replace certain ciphers sooner than was its wont Thus not only every publication but de facto every rumor represents a danger for one 's cryptologic work the purpose of which is not lust for sensation but promotion of the security of the country one serves with means which one prefers to employ when dynamite and acetylene torch would draw too much public attention and would endanger it without bringing the slightest gain 1 The publication of the Room 40 crypt solution of the ZillDDerman telegram in 1924 was followed by German comsec changes I P L May 84 CRYPTOLOG Tep SESRET 86-36 Page 5 Ih'HHlbE VfA sellIli' ' elI fftfBbS elib ' acrD 4019700 FeR SFFl81ftb HS5 SlleY I t P L 86-36 - ' ome years ago somebody came up with a little box that would shut itself off The box had an ON OFF switch on the front when you turned it on the lid slowly raised up' and an arm came out turned the switch off and silently withdrew back into the box 8 You can make a shell file do more or less the same thing turn itself off I call such a file a suicide file and you can make one by putting in as the last line rm shellfile The file will dutifully take all the actions you have listed and like the little box as the last action remove itself from the current directory I find a lot of uses for this feature Suppose I have a directory full of pieces of my work and I want to divide the files into two groups and put one of those groups into another directory In the example below the directory 'partl' contains files from sectl and sect2 and I want to set up all the sect2 files in another directory called part2 Using the UNIX line ed itor ' ed' and a suicid en shell file called ' junk' the following dialogue illustrates how the shell is created that moves the files and then disappears % pwd u6 wes demo partl % Is -1 -rw-r- --- 1 wes 2462 Apr 2842 Apr 1 wes 2336 Apr 1 wes 4510 Apr -rw-r--- 1 wes 1 wes 1024 Apr -rw-r--- 1 wes 2026 Apr 1 wes 3762 Apr 1 wes 4274 Apr -rw-rw---- 1 wes 3455 Apr 1 wes 7011 Apr 1 wes 1168 Apr total 77 % cd oo % Is -1 drwxr-xr-x 2 wes 256 Apr total 1 % mkdir part2 % Is -1 drwxr-xr-x 2 wes 256 Apr drwxr-xr-x 2 wes 112 Apr total 2 % cd partl % Is sect2 junk % ed junk 40 5 1 1 sect2 1 2 sect2 2 3 sect2 3 4 sect2 4 5 sect2 5 5 I $s - $ mv oo part2 5 1 1 mv sect2 1 oo part2 2mv sect2 2 oo part2 3mv sect2 3 oo part2 4mv sect2 4 oo part2 5mv sect2 5 oo part2 -rw-------rw-rw--rw------rw-r----rw-----rw-r----rw----- May 84 CRYPTOLOG Page 6 Pe eFFI8Il HSB QHb 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 11 16 11 16 11 16 11 16 11 16 11 16 08 16 08 16 08 16 08 16 08 sectl l sectl 2 sectl 3 sectl 4 sectl 5 sectl 6 sect2 1 sect2 2 sect2 3 sect2 4 sect2 5 17 16 11 part1 17 16 11 partl 17 16 14 part2 FaR aFFfefkL aCID 4019700 5 a rm junk 6 1 1 mv sect2 1 oo part2 2 mv sect2 2 oo part2 3 mv sect2 3 oo part2 4 mv sect2 4 oo partZ 5 mv sect2 5 oo part2 6 rm junk 6 f junk 6 w 108 6 q % sh junk % ls -1 -rw-r----- 1 wes 2462 -rw------ 1 wes 2842 -rw-rw--- 1 wes 2336 -rw-r---- 1 wes 4510 -rw------ 1 wes 1024 -rw-r----- 1 wes 2026 total 35 % cd oo % Is -lx 256 drwxr-xr-x 2 wes -rw-r---- 1 wes 2462 -rw----- 1 wes 2842 1 wes 2336 4510 -rw-r---- 1 wes 1 weB 1024 2026 -rw-r---- 1 wes 112 drwxr-xr-x 2 wes 3762 -rw-r---- 1 weB 4274 -rw------- 1 wes 1 wes 3455 -rw-r----- 1 weB 7011 1168 1 wes total 82 -rw-rw----rw------- -rw-rw---rw------- S ONLY 'sect2' followed by anything or nothing and this list of file names is put into a new file called junk The line ed itor ' ed ' is then called with the new file and after first looking at the contents 1 the following line creates the file we want using the ed substitute s command A loose translation of that line would be Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 16 11 16 11 16 11 16 11 16 11 16 11 sectl 1 sectl 2 sectl 3 sectl 4 sectl 5 sectl 6 16 15 part 1 16 11 sectI l 16 11 sectI 2 16 11 sectI 3 16 11 sectI 4 sectI 5 16 11 sectI 6 16 11 16 15 part2 16 15 sect2 1 sect2 2 16 15 16 15 sect2 3 sect2 4 16 15 sectZ 5 16 15 % To get us oriented we begin with 'pwd' to the orking irectory The answer tells us we are in my account 'wes' a part of filesystem u6 and that within my directory 'demo' we are in a subdirectory called parti The long form listing of the directory ls -1 gives us a lot of information but here we are mostly interested in seeing that we have two groups of files one called sect I x and the other called sect2 x o rint 1 From the first 1 to the last $ line 2 Substitute on each line ooo 3 a From the beginning of the line - b Including every character c To the end of the line $ The following replacement a The UNIX command for file move mv b The entire original line c The string ' oo part2' The new directory is called' oo part2' because to get to it from where we are in partl we must first go up one level to oo ' and then back down to 'part2' We now review what the file looks like 1 and it consists of five separate move commands To keep things tidy we add the suicide line using the ' ppend command and once again review the file At this point the shell file is ready to run but 1 try to remember to verify what the file name is before leaving partly to insure that the suicide line will throwaway the correct file All the work we have done in the editor is still in a temporary file the original version of junk still resides as it was before we entered the ed itor The rite command Bends the current version of junk off to replace the old and we can then leave the ed itor with the suit command The only thing left to do now is to execute the suicide shell no pun intended and then look at the results to be sure we did what we wanted to do The command cd oo hanges the irectory to oo ' which is the one above the current one in other words move up to 'demo' There is only one subdirectory in demo partl We then make a new directory called 'part2' and then change directory back down to partl where we will begin to build the shell to move the sect2 x files We begin by using 'Is' the short form this time since we only want the file names to give us every filename that begins with May 84 CRYFTOLOG FeR eFFI61hb G6K Page 7 QH ------------------------ aCID SBSEMii'f SPS E 4019700 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 d by 1---' B OSO Kunia Hawaii P L May 84 CRYPTOLOG SEleftST SP8KE Page 8 o EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 86-36 Eo 1 4 OCID 4019700 86-36 May 84 Page 9 aCID 4019700 1 4 c L 86-36 o o o Answers to N-U-M-E-R-O-L-O-G-Y Quiz e previous issue May 84 CRYPrOLOG seeM' ' sP8Ke Page 10 eee 4019700 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 May 84 CRYPTOLOG SE Ri iT spaKB Page 11 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 aCID 4019700 SEl8nl'J'f SP8KIl EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 SOLUTION TO NSA-CROSTIC No 54 The Things They Say by Doris Miller KEYWORD August 1968 and reprinted in CRYPTOLOG November 1976 On 22 March 1984 the Director declassiFied the following documents Military phabetic liam F limahos Military Cryptanalytics Part II Periodic Polyalphabetic Substitutuion Systems by Lambros D Call imahos and William F Friedman published by NSA in 1959 The Friedman Lectures on Cryptology published by the National Cryptologic School in 1965 'I know it doesn't make sense but that's what it says ' This is the granddaddy of them all the great classic disclaimer the most spontaneous universal and irrepressible outcry in the translating world Surely there is no one in the business who hasn't given tongue to it at some time Cryptanalytics Part I MonoalSubstitution Systems by WilFriedman and Lambros D Calpubl ished by NSA in 1956 WE liNE ilL WAYS Also declassified are Military Cryptanalysis Part I Monoalphabetic Substitution Systems and Part I I Per iodi c Polyalphabetic Substitutuion Systems by William F Friedman publ ished by the Government Printing Office in 1938 LOOKING FON liN TICLES COMMENTS NOTES LElTENS Anyone holding copies of these books should send them or bring them to T541 Cryptologic Archives SAB 2 Door 3 at Fort Meade They will be given a declassification marking and will be returned to the hoI der In case of large holdings of the books arrangements may be made for us to come to you Please call the Archives on 972-2268 TNI T WOUL D BE OF INTEREST TO OUR REI DENS May 84 CRYPTOLOG 813 8R l'l' SPeitE Page 12 aCID FeR eFFlelfth 4019700 S OWLl a la Moscow ASoviet View of US Intelligence Activities u n the wake of the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II the Soviet Union became the target in the Western press of allegations U that it was the ultimate source of international terrorism To counter these allegations the Soviet Union has resorted not only to its periodical press but also to popular fiction to reach those segments of its population that do not follow Pravda or Izvestia as closely as the Communi ty of the Soviet Union CPSU might like In May 1983 Mo1odaia Gvardiia the official publishing house of the Young Communists' League Komsomol brought out what they termed a political detective novel entitled Project Valhalla By using the style and format of a detective novel the Soviets undoubtedly hope to gain wider acceptance of the views presented in the novel For the average Soviet citizen the novel which is based on actual recent events 128 should have a very high degree of credibility especially since the view of the Central Intelligence Agency CIA presented in the novel is well supported by an American film Three Days of the Condor 2 whic is currently being shown in the Soviet Union ' U The novel depicts the machinations of an international ultra-rightist antiCommunist neo-Nazi group the Brown Front which is attempting to return to power in Germany Italy Japan and Spain The theme of resurgent Nazi power strikes an especially responsive chord in the Soviet Union where World War II is written about as if it ended only yesterday Every year scores of new books about the War are published in the USSR Articles about the War are commonplace in the periodical press Russian schoolchildren to May 84 There is no need for propaganda to be rich in intellectual content --Joseph Goebbels this day stand guard at the tombs of the war dead the number of which 20 000 000 the Soviets continually cite as proof that they suffered more than anyone else at the hands of the Germans during WWII Even Soviet page-aday calendars carry a warning against resurgent Nazi power The page for 23 November 1983 cautions that The assertions of the West German authorities that the scope of the criminal activities of neo-Nazi forces has expanded dangerously and that it is time to P'4t a stop to them remain just so much noise U In the scenario laid out by the author the Soviet Union is merely the innocent victim of the ruthless anti-Soviet campaign The Brown Front which is made up of Nazi war criminals and their now grown offspring is gaining support among the masses who believe that without a strong hand at the helm the rule of order will disintegrat 1 103 Since the masses only respect and acknowledge strength and decisiveness 103 these are the qualities that the Brown Front demonstrates in its campaign of political terror The Brown Front is successfully organizing terrorist acts in Italy and West Germany pretending to be leftists 88 There are more than 20 fascist terrorist groups operating in Italy 901 where the Marxists have become far too numerous 103 CRYPTOLOG Page FeR eFFISHkb aSB 811b'I 13 FeR aCID 4019700 aSE eNh eFFISli U The Brown Front has with the complicity of the CIA and the assistance of the Republic of South Africa established a research institute in an unnamed South American country to develop its own atomic weapon The code name for this project is Valhalla They plan to use the weapon as a sort of atomic terror 103 to blackmail the government of the Federal Republic of Germany into pol it ical concess ions or should that prove impract ical to send the weapon into the Soviet bloc aboard an American aircraft and detonate it After all siccing Moscow on Washington wouldn't be bad for us either 104 U As the book closes the President's National Security Adviser states at a press conference A report prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency contains substantial evidence of the involvement of one of the great powers in terrorist acts in Europe 123 In spite of the fact that the leftist press armed with the facts had begun reporting on the political terrorism being spread by the neo-Nazis 122 the Western press reported the Security Adviser's statement in banner headlines such as He was a newcomer to the administration and unl ike the other appointees always took the President's comments too much to heart His friends had tried to talk him out of the post predic ting some serious unpleasantries but he hadn't listened to them He understood however that any failure on the part of the Agency would mean the end of his career 10 11 The Director was resentful of not being able to deal with the President directly but having to go through the President's Security Adviser Professor White who prior to his appointment had been one of the youngest professors at Princeton and the author of a dozen books on key international issues The Director was almost as old as White but in speaking with him he clearly felt White's superiority 10 U In spite of his academic degree Prof White was completely unacademic in his approach to politics 86 He made his decisions SOVIET UNION ENCOURAGES TERRORISM based not on the analyses presented to him by specialists but was guided by his intuition oo His political Weltanschauung was defined by three things a hatred of ideology the dream of forming an international intellectual elite which would rule the world of the future and hostility toward the Soviet Union 86 and RUSSIANS BEHIND KILLINGS IN GERMANY AND ITALY 124 U Riding on the wave of excitement surrounding this announcement the Pres ident of the United States asked Congress to allocate supplementary funds to combat international terrorism and to strengthen the Rapid Deployment Force 124 The author thus implies that it is the United States not the Soviet Union that is responsible for international terrorism and that the US is conducting a dis information campaign in the press against the Soviet Union in order to cover up the covert i e terrorism and gain support for the overt i e the RDF arms of its foreign policy U In the course of developing his story the author paints an interesting picture of how the Soviets perceive--or would like their citizens to perceive--the motives behind and the methods used in American covert intelligence operations The Director of Central Intelligence is depicted as a political appointee not a professional intelligence officer Who sharply felt his lack of expertise He tried to compensate for his lack of experience through diligence attention to detail and hard work 9 May 84 U In the eyes of the author the real power at CIA was not the Director but his deputy Edward Malcolm a professional intelligence officer who c had served in the Directorate of Plans for 25 years and covert operations were his forte Therefore his appointment to the post of Deputy Director was seen as an attempt by Washington to emphasize not the passive collection of intelligence information but rather the active interference in the course of world events 39 In a statement to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence at a closed-doo session Malcolm swore to make the maximum effort to 'stabilize' the world beginning with Western Europe 39 U Malcolm made it clear that he felt that pol it ical measures alone would not correct the situation 92 in Western Europe CRYPTOLOG Page 14 F8R 8FFISIlm fSB 81lh'I aCID 4019700 PQa QPPHHM gas su y In the late forties and early fifties American secret services using every possible method from bribes to blackmail managed to remove the Communists from the governments of France and Italy and to push these countries into the cold war As a consequence the CIA was able to achieve some successes However in the last few years CIA operations for stabilizing Western Europe had been unsuccessful Besides that Washington has more and more often demanded the active support of the Western European capitals in its anti-Soviet strategy 93 Malcolm therefore believed that well worked-out coordinated covert operations in Western Europe 93 were necessary and ordered a standard operating plan Idrawn up to outline the principles and methods of action for correcting the political course of this or that country 93 Since the plan was to be presented for White House approval he also instructed that counterarguments for any possible criticism of the plan be prepared Interference in the internal affairs of a sovereign power is illegal and immoral but almost everybody does it Besides that every country has the right to use force in its own defense Our actions against Communist intrigues are justified as the defense of our forward positions Therefore our actions are moral and necessary 93 U Malcolm was the personification of the rift between the collection and analysis of intelligence information and active covert operations He hated analyzing intell igence data and compiling memoranda and reports 39 The Directorate of Plans of which Malcolm had so long been a part was the part of the CIA that May 84 ' conducted subversive operations The overseas residencies which were subordinate to the Deputy Director of Intelli gence looked askance at the people who did the dirty work The poorly concealed dislike that the two services had for one another made their members keep track of the actions of the other with suspicion Since the orders of Edward Malcolm the Deputy Director of CIA for Plans were carried out by the overseas residencies with some reluctance in the countries that interested it the Directorate of Plans had created small groups of its own which were only formally subordinate to the res ident 25-26 U The theme of the need to give preference to active measures over the passive collection of intelligence is echoed in the book by James Jackson Malcolm's assistant who says We get in a stack of paper everyday that you couldn't read in a month It's those who were failures as college professors and were seduced into our line of work by the adventure who think that intelligence is the compilat ion of fat reports that present a dozen different possibilities with an equal number of proofs for all of them Just take your piCk It's this defective approach that's paralyzing the political decision-making process Intelligence is supposed to provide clear-cut answers to the questions The world is becoming unsettled and on various parts of the globe events are taking place that we have no control over You already know the results the United States is retreating under the pressure of world Communism and is losing influence in areas of the world vital to our national interests We don't want to waste our forces ' on crisis management Our goal should be the formation of a future which is built on our value system The process of selecting policies capable of influencing events on a global scale should be an ongoing one based on thorough analysis timely planning and carefully considered decisions 1 ' m talking about the difference between active and passive policies between the ability to influence the course of events and just attempts to react to the events We have to overcome the problems before they overcome us If you like it's the difference between the academic approach of the people in the Directorate of Intelligence trying to make sense out of what I s happening and the activities of our department trying to make events work for us 26-27 CRYPTOLOG Page 15 peR eFFieiWb HBE BHWi aCID 4019700 pe epptelkL U This is exactly the reasoning advanced in Three Days of the Condor by Cliff Robertson portraying Deputy Director Higgins of the CIA's New York Center when he defends the renegade operation to invade the Middle East that was being planned by the Deputy Director for Mideast Operations The fact is there was nothing wrong with the plan Oh the plan would have worked It's simple economics Today it's oil right In 10 or 15 years--food plutonium Maybe even sooner Now what do you think the people are going to want us to do then o Not now Then Ask 'em when they're running out Ask 'em when there's no heat in their homes and they're cold Ask 'em when their engines stop Ask 'em when people who've never known hunger start going hungry You want to know something They won't want us to ask 'em They'll just want us to get it for 'em The fact that this is an American movie lends a great deal of credence to the perceptions of American motives and methods described in the book For those readers who did not manage to see the movie the recent invasion of Grenada will certainly make the book's emphasis on active measures to achieve political goals more credible U In addition to providing verbal portraits of the elite of the US intelligence community the author of Project Valhalla also sketches US intelligence operations overseas U In Spain the CIA considered its main goal to be Ill S abou the subsequent entry of Spain into NATO The author plays on the Soviet citizen's tendency to discount the amount of truth in the press by showing a similar reaction on the part of Deputy Director Malcolm to the summary of press reports 6n the unsuccessful coup in his morning briefing The press had reported that Agents of the CIA had established strong ties with the young ultra-rightist officers who had created the Spanish Military Union modeled after General Franco's underground organizat ion which started the mutiny of 18 July 1936 ooo The conspirators had met with an American Presidential Adviser who did not promise any concrete help to the conspirators but at the same time did not exclude the possibility of cooperation with them if the coup succeeded Several Spanish journal is ts cooperat ing with the CIA on instructions from Langley had prepared special materials sharply criticizing the cabinet for its inability to rule the country calling for the creat ion of a strong government and pra1s1ng the military At the present time there are more than 40 journal ists cooperating with the CIA The CIA has at least one of its people at every influential newspaper magazine and radio station in the country ' In order to ensure that the ultrarightist Fascists would come to power the CIA promised to place American troops stationed at Torrej'o n de Ardos 15 kilometers from Madrid at the disposal of the conspirators to hinder the C01lBllunists in the country from improving their position On the evening before the attempted overthrow two American military transport ships with cargoes of arms and ammunitions for the conspirators docked at a port not far from Valencia 63 64 2 to bring Spain into NATO and 3 to help the rightists to power 43 U In Madrid the local CIA residency was housed on the seventh floor of the US embassy There the 30 people assigned to the residency were carefully analyzing everything that was taking place in the country and evaluating the chances of success for the military coup that had beg nwith the seizure of the Spanish Parliament U The attempted coup in Spain appears to be the actual recent events 128 upon which the novel in partially based This event received such wide coverage that it would be nearly impossible for the average Soviet reader not to have at least heard about it or May 84 OMLf Malcolm was upset because an actual CIA operation had been uncovered by the press He did not mind the fabrications about the ties with the Spanish Military Union or the journal is ts after all everybody bl ames everything on the CIA these days 64 He was upset because American interest in the success of the coup and the arrival time and mission of the two transport ships had been leaked to the press U This approach shows the Soviet reader that while perhaps not everything that appears in the press about the CIA is true some of it is This will in turn reinforce the reader's natural assumption that while not CRYPTOLOG Page 16 4019700 everything in this book about the CIA is true some of it must be U The CIA's final analysis of the events in Spain was not that the coup had been a total failure but rather that even though it was unsuccessful it would hasten the process of bringing Spain into NATO Madrid would protect itself from another attempted coup on the part of the ultrarightist military officers and at the same time curtsy to us So the leak of information about our possibly being interested in the military's coming to power will only push Madrid toward rapprochement with us 64 formation on the ''Movement for Japan the Japanese branch of Front a Greater the Brown U In the book the CIA also controls an airline called Central Aviation Transport Agency the abbreviation for which CA sounds almost like CIA 28 Pilots for CA were all ex-air force officers who had been kicked out of the service for one reason or another They trained together on the farm 29 with regular air force pilots from the weather service squadron 29 who were in fact spy plane pilots CA planes flew from USAF bases all over the world delivering arms to insurgents in Laos or intervening wherever necessary Of course the facet of GA's activities given the most coverage in the book was its covert shipments to the Brown Front laboratory in Latin America 28 29 U One of the key subplots in the story is the detection by the US intelligence satellite Orion of a the Brown Front's first nuclear bomb U Rome is pictured as the center of the American telephone intercept system in Italy Located at 153 Via Cristoforo Colombo under the guise of a NATO comnunications fac i1 ity the center provided the results of its 24-hour monitoring of the city's telephone network to several customers including the CIA residency in Rome 54 As a result of the intercept of a telephone call from a provincial police commissioner to one of his friends in Rome about the case he was investigating involving the terrorist organization called the Militant Order of Mussolini the Italian branch of thE Brown Front the comnissioner was removed not only from the case but from the police force as well 90 U In Tokyo the CIA residen y is pictured as having a close working relationship with the foreigners I department of the Tokyo police the members of which the CIA pays well for interesting information 20 Besides the residency Tokyo also has a special group from the Directorate of Plans which is housed separately from the residency on the 15th floor of the Hotel Asahi 25 The CIA further has the ability to monitor the tele- phone calls of selected individuals in at least Kyoto and Nagoya 76 In spite of the considerable emphasis the author places on active measures the only task accomplished by these CIA activities is the collection of inMay 84 Intelligence satellites had long ago become part of the routine of the Agency Every year two or three behemoths filled with expensive equipment would be launched from an air force base in California Traveling at 18 000 miles per hour the satellites circled the globe once every hour and a half taking pictures of objects that interested the agency during every orbit Urgent photographs were transmitted to the ground imnediately in much the same way that televis ion signals are relayed the remainder of the pictures were ejected and returned to earth in a special canister When it entered the earth's atmosphere a parachute would open slowing its fall The canister would be caught in midair by a special air force unit stationed in Hawaii or would be fished out of the water 7 U The author points out that the most interesting thing about Orion's detection of the detonation was that Orion was not where it was supposed to be It had been launched more than ten years ago and over the years its navigational equipment had become defective so that it follows an unpredictable orbit 7 Because the area in which the detonation took place was not one that the Agency normally took imagery of it was only by accident 7 that the detonation was detected U As the story progresses it becomes clear that a passenger liner which had strayed from its course 116 was destroyed by the test of the Brown Front's nuclear weapon CRYPTOLOG Page 17 peR ePflelkt aSEl eUbY aCID 4019700 P8R 8PPf8iAb aSH 8UtrY The detonation could have been delayed giving the ship a chance to leave the area but the residents of the Brown Front Institute were in a hurry to find out if Project Valhalla was successful The fate of 150 people did not disturb them 116 U Nor was the fate of those people of much consequence to the CIA agent whose job it was to exploit the Brown Front Rather than exposing the Front to the world when he found out that they were the ones responsible for the loss of the ship he decided to sidetrack the investigation of the nuclear detonation detected by the wayward Orion satellite to the Directorate of Plans to ensure that knowledge of the real reason for the ship's loss would remain a secret His knowledge of the Brown Front's culpability would provide him with extra leverage to extract additional services 102 from the Brown Front for the CIA U When it eventually became necessary for Prof White to suppress his investigation of the nuclear detonation he gave Deputy Director Malcolm a severe reprimand In dressing down Malcolm White noted that this whole affair with the bomb had been just plain madness and much too adventurous But in principle the ideas that Malcolm was developing appealed to White The ideas but not their execution 124 James Jackson on the other hand who had been directly responsible for operations with the Brown Front was forced to leave the Agency But that was really only a slap on the wrist as he was simply moved to a position with Boeing U While Western society was aghast at the Soviet Union's allegations that the United States had sent Korean Airlines flight 007 over Soviet airspace on a spying mission with the knowledge that there might be and perhaps the hOfe that there would be a loss of human life the scenario presented in Project Valhalla which was written ll over a year before the KAL 007 incident clearly shows that the Soviets believed th'e Uni ted States capable of at least condoningth loss of 150 innocent lives as the price to be laid for a covert operat ion that went wrong U Since an act ion of this kind on the part of the United States cannot be supported by any prior similar action it is reasonable to look for the basis of Soviet belief in another area The most logical alternative source is mirror imaging That is attributing to your opponent motives and actions which you yourself would take in a similar situation In other words the Soviets believe that we would risk the lives of innocent civilians in a covert intelligence operation be- May 84 cause they would do so themselves Indeed mirror imaging should be considered as a possible source for all the methods and motives attributed to US intelligence activities in this book The perceived need for the US to undertake covert action in Western Europe may be easily viewed as a Soviet interpretation of the US response to its problems in Western Europe based on the Soviet experience in Eastern Europe The view of the US's desire to support rightist terror in order to bring about a favorable change of government or policy may be seen as the mirror image 0 f the USSR's desire to support leftist terror in Western Europe That the CIA would be ass igned the task of bringing a non-member state into NATO to strengthen it is the mirror image of the KGB' s b ing asked to break a member state Greece away from NATO to weaken the alliance U As a propaganda piece Project Valhalla is a success It shows the United States as a declining world power that is forced to take active measures to shore up its faltering position of power The US's slide from power is pictured indirectly in the description of its ten-year-old satellite that only discovered a nuclear blast by accident 7 and directly in the quotes from members of the US intelligence elite In the forties and fifties the CIA was able to achieve some successes 93 but now the United States is retreating under the pressure of world Communism and losing influence in the areas of the world vital to our national interests 27 U The targets of the US's active measures are of course the Communists This is explicitly stated in a number of places in the book One of the CIA's goals in Spain is to hinder the Communists in the country from improving their position 43 The ultimate US goal however is the formation of a future which is built on our value system 27 If the President's National Security Adviser has his way it would be a future ruled by an international intellectual elite 86 In isolation the Security Adviser's desire is similar to the Marxist-Leninist vision of the future but the Security Adviser's unacademic approach to pOlitics and hatred of ideology 86 are antithetical to the scientifically founded Marxist theory which has in the Soviet Union produced a completely ideological state Then as if this were insufficient the author adds that one of the cornerstones of the Security Adviser's Weltanschauung is host il ity towards the Soviet Union 86 U The United States is pronounced guilty by association of using Fascist methods in the active measures it takes By associating the US with the Brown Front the book hopes to CRYPTOLOG Page 18 F8R 8FPf8fhD aSB 8HbY FeR eFFISlhT as'S emw 4019700 achieve transference of the fear and hate that the Russian people feel for Nazi Germany into a much more real threat to the Soviet Union the United States The Soviet leadership fondly remembers the days when the populace was united behind the government in the defense of the homeland during World War I I which they call The Great Patriotic War and would like to have that kind of support that kind of support again Silencing domestic opposition by uniting the people against an external enemy would allow the Soviets to present a unified front to the world without the embarrassment of domestic opposition Such a united front would make Soviet propaganda directed at the rest of the world especially the Communist and potentially Communist portions of it more credible and would make it easier for the Soviets to fend off Western allegations of impropriety NOTES 1 Mlechin L r Proekt Val'khalla Povest' Project Valhalla a noveTJ MOlOdaia Gvardiia Moscow 1983 Quotes from this novel will appear in this article followed by the page number in squar brackets 2 Three Days of the Condor Paramount Pictures 1975 starring Robert Redford Faye Dunaway and Cliff Robertson 3 Dobs Michael Fascination Hostility Color Soviet View of US The Washington 23 October 1983 pp AI A25 4 1983 Otryvnoj kalendar' 1983 page-a-day calendar Politizdat Moscow U This book alone will not achieve Soviet goals but as an old proverb says A journey of a thousand miles begins with but a single step Projec t Valhalla is therefore 0 interest as an indication of the direction in which the CPSU wants popular perceptions of US covert intelligence activities to develop S 10 On 23 February 1981 Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero Molina led a group of Spanish Civil Guards in the seizure of the lower house of the Spanish Parliament just as it was completing a vote to approve Spain's new government 6 Spain entered NATO officially on 30 May 1982 7 Marshal of the Soviet Union Nikolaj V Ogarkov Izvestia 10 October 1983 8 The novel was released to the typesetter on 25 November 1982 128 9 P L 86-36 10 Another recent Soviet spy novel Letnaia pogoda Flying Weather by Sergei Abramov Moskovskii Rabochii Moscow 1983 describes CIA operations inside the Soviet Union It also associates the CIA with the Nazis and Nazi methods SOLUTION TO NSA-CROSTIC No 53 Topical Reporting TOLOG October 1983 byl During the time period covered by the actual recent events 128 described in the book the question of whether or not Greece would remain a member of NATO was a major issue in the Greek elections Also of note during this time frame were Soviet accusations that the West was trying to break Poland away from the Warsaw Pact l Identify the areas of primary concern among military thinkers and planners at the present time This practice has its hazards though The tendency in any fJeld of endeavor but especially in military circles is to grab a hot topic and run with it May 84 CRYPTOLOG FeR eFFI8IhT tiS'S Page 19 eu 4019700 FeR 8FF1S HBB eNL Here's 'the puzzle that answers the question What would be the world's dullest ball game if cricket 'hadn't been invented A AL team whose ballpark used to be called Briggs Stadium 2 wds B This AL team used to be based in Philadelphia 2 wds c English meadow where King John granted the Magna Carta 1215 D Prosperous well-off colloq 3 wds 'E Brother or sister 'blood relation F After one year as the Seattle Pilots this team moved in 1970 to its present location 2 wds 97 8 2 153 159 117 213 G Either other Brit dial 124 -7- 185 -- sz 188 3T 127 141 111 49 93 H Team formerly located in the only US city having three major leagues baseball teams at the same time 3 wds I Restrict confine circumscribe J Ancient city of Ionia K Inflammation or pain in muscles or joints L Gratuities M NL team formerly the Colt '455 2 wds Sf -9N Wields the blue pencil O 1951 movie in which James Arness played the title role 2 wds P Greeting for a tan bovine 2 wds Q of Court small hotels 216 183 177 176 R Pecan bolt partner May 84 CRYPTOLOG Page 20 FeR 9FFlSh'dJ HSl' elM 16 n 131 206 23 aCID FeR eFFle 4019700 ase eNL S See Word T T Crosswordist's favorite Mel Ott played with this team before it moved to the west 2 wds fall byWord S U Palindromic Vietnamese holiday V Member of an African tribe W The Icelandic letter cr X Jewish rabbinical seminary Y They play in Busch Memorial Stadium 3 wds Z Formerly the Boston Bees 2 wds a Yeast arch var or II II IIo III o 13 A 28 T 29 A 30 43 T 44 N 59 0 73 90 o 15 14 J o Y 16 o 45 31 X 46 60 V 61 T Z 74 W 75 H 76 U B 91 C 92 F 93 G Iz o H F 32 K 33 a o o o 156 L 157 C 158 H 1172 J 173 H 174 C I 202 Z 217 L o o o 3 5 4 '0 19 IJ 5 P A 20 o o B 34 0 47 V 48 X 49 G 62 A 63 P 64 o K 77 Y 7B H 79 T 80 94 Z 95 J 96 N o o o o 65 35 o S 36 o 97 T 22 a H o o 8 Y9 M 10 23 F 24 J 25 D 37 X 38 B 39 a 40 S F 53 T 54 C 55 69 A 85 G o SO A 51 M 52 66 S 67 I 68 A 82 F 83 B F 98 P 99 L 100 Y o K 81 o 21 o7 6 o o o Y 84 H 12 B 26 o 27 B 41 M 42 0 B 56 Z 57 W58 H V 70 W71 X K 86 M 87 T 88 o o o 143 I 144 C 159 F 160 Y 161 T 162 Z 163 H 175 N 176 Q 177 Q 178 0 o o 187 E 188 F 189 M 190 A 191 Y 192 K 193 Z 194 H 203 0 204 Y 205 X 206 F 207 H 218 Y 219 S I o o o o o 179 M 180 R 181 J o 195 P 196 0 197 V 224 N 225 A 226 K 227H CRYPTOLOG o o o o 182 E 183 Q o o dhw Y 89 S Z 121 X 122 ri 137 M 138 Y 139 B 164 T 165 R 166 A 167 B 168 H 169 X o o 72 148 V 149 Y 150 M 151 0 152 B 153 F 154 Z 155 K 208 R 209 A 210 Z 21I H 212 M 213 F 220 H 221T 222 I 223 Z May 84 P1-Ju1y 84-83-53931 o 112C 113 M 114 Y lIS Z 1I6 A 1I7F lIB J 1I9K 120 B 145 V 146 0 147 a C 11 101 Y 102 J 103 B 104 T 105 M 124 G 125 A 126 C 127 F 128 L 129 K 130 0 131 M 132 Y 133 I 134 Z 135 B 136 V 140 T 141 F 142 C 186 U o F 17 106 Z 107 V 108 0 109 P 110 K III F 123 N B Page 21 FeR 9FFI8t t eSE oMtr 170 B 171 V 184 I 185 G 198 M 199 B 200 Ii 201 P 214 U 215 H - o 216 Q II II II 0f0t9 s o o----------- ------- FIllS BeeUMBN F eeN F A INS eeBBWORB -teP-SEEREf- MA ERIA f This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu