- DO ID l3 l J VU UJ l3111 l5UlW l5 Il Wl5U1lDl5 f WUlW I1UJ lD lllUJUVIl1111UJl1 UlWV 63 DAYS -- THE SOVIETS IN SPACE oooo J L 1 P L FOOTBALL AND CRYPTOLOGY oooooooooooo oo 5 NSA- CROSTIC NO 2 o oo oooo oooo oo oo oo oo oo ooo 6 LENIN AND STATE PRIZES NOW YOU SEE TH E ML-__ - - NOW YOU DON'T oo oo ooooooooo 8 EDITOR ANSWERS QUESTIONS o ooo oooooo ooo o o o o 11 LEO IN OCTOBER A 1 Murphy 12 86-36 1 Declassified and Approved for Release by NSA on '10-'1 '1- 20'1 2 pursuant to E O '135 26 vl DR Case # 54778 1'1118 99C1 JMBNT C9NTAINS EUROBeWORB MAo'feRIAoL -TGP-SEEIIR- '''Uri'I'' ' 9IRNIilA II 1il1il NIil 4 1il1il1ll1aa I 1 1 ''' G98 19 11651 Sate Bee tipoB Notileatiua b tile 8tiPaalui DOCIO 4009728 TOP SECRET Published Monthly by PI Techniques and Standards for the Personnel of Operations VOL II I No 1 JANUARY 1976 PUBLISHER WILLIAM LUTWINIAK BOARD OF EDITORS Editor in Chief Arthur J Salemme 5642s Cryptanalysis o 1 1 8 0 2 5 s P L 86-36 Language o o Emery W Tetrault 5 2 3 6 S Machine Support 1 Special Research Vera R 1 332 Fil y 71195 Traffic Analysis o oo ooo Frederic O Mason Jr 4l42s For individual subscriptions send name and organizational designator to CRYPTOLOG PI TOP SECRET DOCID L 4009728 86-36 8J3CRJ3qJ SPOKE On 24 May 1975 two veteran Soviet cosmonauts Lieutenant Colonel Petr Klimuk and civilian Vitalij Sevast'yanov were launched into space onboard a Soyuz-type spacecraft from the Tyuratam space center The next day this Soyuz-18 spacecraft successfully docked with a Sa yut- type space station which had been launched in December 1974 and had been visited in January 1975 by two other cosmonauts Thus began the longest space flight in the history of-the Soviet manned space program -- a flight lasting 63 days - This long flight set a human endurance record not only for the cosmonauts but also those of us here at NSA and at various field sites who are involved in the collection transcription analysis translation reporting and computer programming of cosmonaut voice communications the Soyuz-19 spacecraft in July 1975 totals 28 flights involving 34 cosmonauts Three series of spacecraft In the first series of spacecraft the Vostok series from April 1961 through June 1963 there were six flights two per year each piloted by a single cosmonaut The longest flight Vostok-5 lasted 5 days and made 81 revolutions around the earth The series ended with the launch of Vostok-6 piloted by the first woman cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova The successes of the Vostok series led to a second series of spacecraft the Voskhod There were only two flights in this series The first one in October 1964 lasted only one day but it provided another first for the Soviet Union Instead of a single cosmonaut three cosmonauts were onboard the spacecraft This brief flight was repeated in March 1965 with the launch of Voskhod-2 piloted by two cosmonauts Two years intervened before the launching of the third and current series of spacecraft the Soyuz From April 1967 through July 1975 20 Soyuz spacecraft were launched the last one being Soyuz-19 during the joint Apollo-Soyuz flight Soviet spacecraft are given a number only if they achieve orbit A Soyuz vehicle launched on 5 April 1975 was manned but it failed to achieve orbit had to be aborted and was therefore unnumbered This accounts for the latest Soyuz being designated Soyuz-19 space-station series Because of the increased activity in this field in the past 2 years there has been hardly enough time between launches to study the information received and prepare data for subsequent flights Since September 1973 to the present there has been a total of eight space flights including the joint Apollo-Soyuz flight in July 1975 The Soviet manned space program began on 12 April 1961 with the successful launch of a Vostok spacecraft piloted by the first man in space Major Yurij Alekseevich Gagarin This brief journey into space the spacecraft made only one revolution around the earth began a program of space activity which has included the launching of three separate series of spaceThe manned space program came to a halt after craft and one series of space stations The 30 June 1971 when the three cosmonauts onboard entire Soviet manned sp ce program beginning the Soyuz-II spacecraft died during reentry with the Vostok spacecraft in 1961 and through into the earth's atmosphere after they had spent Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 1 SGCH'f SPOKG DOCID 4009728 SI CRI SPOKE 23 days in space onboard the first Soviet space station the SaZyut-l More than 2 years passed before the launch of Soyuz-12 on 27 September 1973 There were four space stations actually orbiting scientific laboratories in the SaZyut series The first station launched in 1971 was visited by the Soyuz-lO and Soyuz-II spacecraft However only the Soyuz-II crew transferred into the station In 1973 a second SaZyut was launched but it broke up in space before it could be occupied Then in 1974 SaZyut-3 was launched and was visited by two spacecraft Soyuz-14 and Soyuz-IS Only the Soyuz-14 crew transferred into the station the Scyuz-15 crew failed to dock with the station and had to return home after only 2 days in space The SaZyut-4 space station launched in December 1974 was the only station successfully occupied by two separate crews -- the first in January 1975 by the Soyuz-17 crew Aleksej Gubarev and Georgij Grechko and the second in May 1975 by the Soyuz-18 crew Petr Klimuk and Vitalij Sevast'yanov P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c Cosmonaut's day in space The cosmonaut's day in space is arranged to provide 8-9 hours of sleep four meals a day hours of prescribed physical exercises l to 2 hours of free or personal time and the remaining time for performing various technical astrophysical medical biological geophysical solar and photographic experiments Besides this periodic checks are made on both the space station's and the Soyuz spacecraft's propulsion and life support systems Each day the cosmonauts consume four meals which they call first breakfast second breakfast dinner and supper There are about 40 types of food items onboard consisting of fruit juices beverages such as coffee and cocoa various meats and fish cheese soups and candy cookies and fruit for dessert Food is contained in aluminum tubes small cans and plastic wrapping some of which is edible and is stored in a small refrigerator or special food containers There are also food warmers for heating the meats and soups and other food items Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 2 SECRE SPOKE DOCID 4009728 Si 'RiT 8POKB EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 made on the Plotnost' instrument The Tonus is an instrument for the electrical stimulation of muscles the Rezeda is a medical apparatus for studying pulmonary ventilation and for taking breath samples for later laboratory analysis Along with the names of these medical monitoring devices the cosmonauts use many abbreviations to indicate the recording of various arterial pressures For example PBA PLA and PSA sensors record femoral radial and carotid artery pulses Besides the standard electrocardiograms other cardiovascular recordings are made in voice communications they are referred to by the abbreviations KKG FG TO SFG and SKG kinetocardiogram phlebogram tachooscillogram sphygmogram and seismocardiogram respectively While all this medical data is extremely important for studying the cosmonaut's physical condition the mental state of each cosmonaut is also studied by a psychoneurologist at the Flight Control Center who makes a psycholinguistic analysis of the cosmonauts' speech to help evaluate the crew's state of health P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 3 8BEURRH'f SPOKE DOCID -4009728 S CR T SPOK EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c Sometimes the cosmonauts themselves do not always remember what an bbreviation means But this is also true of American astronauts Compare the following actual conversations Houston ssion Control after discovering a malfunction in the Apollo-12 mission caused by the digital uplink assembly OUA We think we've figured it out Your OUA was off American astronaut What's a OUA Soviet Flight Control Center We have an addition to the format on 19 June the flight engineer is to conduct M10-4M FG 1 3 KZirrruk What what FCC FG 1 3 K What's that FCC Phlebogram in Russian FZeboGPamma K Ah phlebogram I understand P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 4 SBEURRBI' SPOKE DOCID 4009728 CONFIDENTIAL FOOTBALL CRYPTOLOGY ail _ I - ul 1'--- ----- ---Pl R51 Cadre Now that we are in the middle of another National Football League season I believe the time has come to consider ways to improve the game One of the most painful things to watch is mistakes due to incomplete knowledge by the players e g the receiver hit in the back by pass the linebacker who does not see the blocker coming at him from the side or the guard missing the blitzer How often coaches must have wished they could have told a player to look in another direction at the critical moment Modern technology does offer a way to correct this state of affairs What the NFL needs is to allow low-power radio transmitter to enable coaches to speak directly to their players who would have miniaturized receivers and earphones in their helmets 1 Then the coach would be free to say Get that expletive deleted man to the expletive deleted left you expletive deleted meathead If nothing else it should make the coaches feel a lot better Of course opposing coaches would probably try to listen in But if the technique were only used in the simple way described above that would not be of much value not enough time to react However I think coaches would find the temptation irresistible to call plays in this way Naturally in this case a SIGINT effort would be of tremendous value to the opposition Therefore one would have to use encrypted speech It is possible to envision this happening in several stages 1976 season The New York Giants win the NFC title after having gone 3-10-1 in 1975 by employing a speech privacy system to enable the coaches to talk directly to their players As used by the Giants there are 11 speech coaches assigned to each unit one coach to each player In addition the head coach can override any line Unfortunately in the leagUe championship game Craig Morton gets tired of taking orders from II understand this idea was actually tried some years ago but abandoned for various technical reasons - his coach He disconnects his receiver The Giants lose 63-13 to the Oakland Raiders 1979 season By this time most teams have installed a system similar to the Giants' In addition many teams have hired mathematicians to design new encryption devices and to break those of other teams The Kansas City Chiefs have decided that there is no longer any need to hold huddles or even to let players talk at all Each player is entirely encased in a combination of medieval armor and space suit In this way each player can breathe pure oxygen Besides speaking to his players the coaches can also activate switches to give each a squirt of Gatorade or a shot of adrenal in After each play the Chiefs line up without huddling and the coach tells them what to do The effect on the other teams is devastating Without a ch nce to regroup or breathe oxygen they qU1ckly collapse The Chiefs win every game this year by at least 40 points 1984 season By this time the cryptologic aspects of football have become at least as important as the play itself Every team has many mathematicians engineers and programmers designing and breaking speech systems In many cases their salaries are greater that those of the players One of the latest technical breakthroughs has been the emplacement of brain probes which are in turn connected to the receiver in the helmet In this way the coach can send directly to the brain A whole new field of cryptoneurology is born Using this latest technique the L A Rams are able to play gorillas at a number of positions 1999 season By this time the NFL has concluded that the players are pretty uninteresting In fact live players spoil the game because of their unpred1ctable variance All teams use robots which are guaranteed to be uniform with respect to position The whole point of the game is cryptanalysis The sports pages of the papers are full of discussions of such things as which team has managed to break the Detroit Lions' defensive system Every year a big draft is held to select mathematicians and engineers One man is reported to be under contract for $32 million over 7 years Hmmmm o o o o Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Paze 5 CONFIDENTIAL Il ' liBL E VIA E811IH'f Elb 8iECS 8Nl5Y P L 86-36 DOCID 4009728 UNCLASSIFIED NSA-erostie No 2 DEFINITIONS The quotation on the next page lUaS taken from a published ' work of an NSA-er _ The first letters of the WORDS spell out the author's name and the title of the work WORDS A Mohammed's birthplace 217 78 118 3f 162 B Sour herb of grace Shakespeare Richard II C Conceive D He said Cogito ergo sum 2 wds E What She Idon ' s mother said when he tried to push ahead of Sister Mary Margaret as she was signing the Mount Vernon guestbook 6 wds suggested by song title -5- F High flyer G He always takes his girl friends to Alaska -- that's how he gets to ---- H Mother of Epaphus by Zeus I Historical antecedent Waterloo 1815 of Word Y 3 wds J Praise extravagantly K French composer Tales of Hoffmann L Artistic style early in the reign 1715-74 of Louis XV M Civil wrong independent of a contract N King of ancient Persia d 425 B C O Ele ent 76 216 128 -8- atomic number 10 symbol P Language for which Sequoyah invented a syllabary Q Psyche's boy-friend R Lummox S Some at least T Mechanical device Karel Capek R U R 1921 U Vase-shaped pitcher V Discharge completely 8 'f 178 32 46 107 Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 6 UNCLASSIFIED ---rr DOCID 4009728 w UNCLASSIFIED Festive get-together X American composer Third Symphony Pulitzer Prize 1947 Y Did McAuliffe really say this at Bastogne Zoo Garden near the foot of the Mount of Olives Zl Charitable 169 62 115 -2- 146 8'f Z2 Lower Z3 Old Man of the Mountain 3 wds Z4 Sign of the Zodiac Z 3 Yen -7- 114 145 196 Z6 Russian composer The Golden Age Lady Maabeth of Mtsensk Z7 U S government agency abbrev Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG UNCLASSIFIED Page 7 DOClD 4009728 'fOP SECRE'f f j1'iIBftA LENIN AND STATE PRIZES NOW YOU SEE THEM -- NOW YOU DON'T 1L Orders medals and prizes play an important role in the economic and social life of the Soviet Union They provide an extra incentive for people to strive for improvement by appealing to their natural desire for recognition and approval and in the case of Lenin and State Prizes 1 by rewarding them financially In the civilian sector the most prestigious of these are the Hero of Socialist Labor Order of Lenin State Prize and Lenin Prize They form the bottom line of official biographic sketches and obituaries -- the measure of a person's success as a productive member of lUnless otherwise stated references to State Prizes in 'this article do not include the former Stalin Prizes which were discontinued after 1954 and retroactively redesignated State Prizes State Prizes awarded by individual republics of the USSR as opposed to national-level USSR State Prizes have also been excluded from consideration in this article because they are less significant and are of more recent origin IC531P L society and a great source of personal pride To students of Soviet affairs they can be a measure and source of other things as well While all these honors are highly prized by Soviet citizens the Lenin and State Prizes are the most difficult to obtain The Order of Lenin and Hero of Socialist Labor may be awarded for a wide variety of reasons unrelated to any single achievement e g on the occasion of one's fiftieth birthday and in appreciation of years of consistently outstanding performance but the Lenin and State Prizes are given only for very specific contributions of national significance such as the design and introduction into series production of a new type 'of aircraft Consequently recipients of the Lenin and State Prizes more than any other group may be considered the elite corps of the technocrats Just what are these prizes According to the new third edition of the BoZ'shaya Sovetskaya EhntsikZopediya Large Soviet'Encyclopedia BSEh the Lenin Prize is one of the highest forms of rewarding citizens for the most outstanding achievements in the field of Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG P $e 8 'fOP SECRE'f tJ1'iIBftA 86-36 DOCID 4009728 TOP SECRET UMBRA science and technology literature art and architecture Re-established in 1957 2 o 30 Lenin Prizes including 25 in science and technology and 5 in literature art and architecture of 10 000 rubles each are awarded once every 2 years Announcements of awards are published on the anniversary of the birth of V I Lenin Persons receiving the Lenin Prize are given the title 'Lenin Prize Laureate ' a certificate an honorary pin and an identification card The Lenin Prize may not be awarded more than once to an individual The same edition of BSEh states that USSR State Prizes are a form of rewarding citizens for outstanding achievements in the field of science and technology literature and art They are awarded for scientific research making a major contribution to the development of the nation's science for work creating and introducing the most progressive materials machines and machinery into the national economy A USSR State Prize Laureate may be awarded a USSR State Prize more than once but not within 5 years of any previous award Established in 1966 as many as 50 awards in the field of science and technology and as many as 10 for literature and art are made yearly on the anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution Each prize is 5000 rubles Persons receiving the USSR State Prize are given the title 'USSR State Prize Laureate ' a certificate and an honorary pin indicating the year of the award A prize may go to an individual as sometimes happens in the field of pure science for the development of basic theories More often however the prize is shared by a number of persons throughout the USSR eSJ 1eciaUy when the award is for the development and production of complex and sophisticated equipment On the average prizes are shared by seven or eight persons Prizes are announced in Pravda and Izvestiya with an indication of the recipient's name job title place of employment and reason for the award The following figures help to elucidate the According to published aqcounts in the nature and scope of the problem fields of science and technology since 1970 226 people have shared 32 Lenin Prizes while o In 1970 49 Lenin Prize Laureates ' 1 057 people have shared 126 State Prizes elected to the USSR Sunreme Soviet 1 But according to BSEh there should have been I 75 Lenin Prizes and 250 State Prizes could o The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences was have been awarded Where have all the prizes given the Order of Lenin in 1969 and celegone brated the occasion with the publication of Akademiya Nauk Ukrainakoj SSR 1969 g Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR 1969 which identified 48 colleagues 6f t h e __ I Academy as Lenin Prize Laureates J I 1 ZOriginally establishediIl 1925 Lenin Prize were discontinued after 1934 From 1957 until 1968 Lenin Prizes were awarded yearly EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d P L 86-36 Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 9 TOP SEeRBT UMRR ji EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 'for SECRET t1MBRA o From 1968 to 1972 12 Lenin and State Prize Laureates were elected to the Department of Mechanics and Control Processes USSR Academy of Sciences which is engaged in many projects in the areas of shipbuilding aerospace electronics and co uter en ineerin Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 10 TQP 8 JR T HMBRA 1 4 c 86-36 DOClD 4009728 'fOP SHEURRH'f HMBRA Q A 'EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 The following are a few of the questions most frequently asked of the editor The answel S are supposed to be simple but complete Other frequently asked questions including some that require more detailed discussion will appear in future issues These other questions include Who can contribute articles to CRYPTOLOG ''What topics are suitable for discussion in CRYPTOLOG How much editing does the editor do to articles submitted Why does the editor have to do any editing Are controversial articles acceptable etc How does CRYPTOLOG differ from other Agency pub- articles of various lengths and with various security classifications leave variously-sized lications such as the NSA Teohnical Journal holes to fill in Sometimes it is possible to Cryptologic Speotrum the NSA Newsl etter find filler material with the same classifiThe Newsletter is of course unclassified cation as the article on the rest of the page The Technical Journal Spectrum and CRYPTOLOG can print classified materials Technical Jour- and also on the back of the page But usually this is impossible Therefore we put an indinal and CRYPTOLOGup to Top Secret Codeword cation of the security classification on everylevel Spectrum up to Secret Codeword level Technical Journal and Spectrum are professional thing printed in CRYPTOLOG Any reader can reproduce any article or filler and be sure ly-pri ted publications that appear 4 times a of the classification Making a Xerox copy of year CRYPTOLOG is a more casually produced an unclassified page is safer than tearing out pasted-up tyPewritten copy technical exchange the page and worrying about what's on the paper that appears every month With respect reverse side to the content of the articles printed the three classified publications are directed at Who oan subsoribe to CRYPTOLOG approximately the same NSA readers but CRYPTOAny NSAer member of a resident user organiLOG is perhaps the most time-conscious and has perhaps the least formal level of presentation zation or Second Party reader The Department of Defense authorizes publication of since it is intended for the easy exchange of ideas among technicians of various specialties CRYPTOLOG for distribution within NSA CSS and Second Party agencies The publication can be Why don't you print au' the unc1 assified stuff read by anyone with a Top Secret Codeword on both sides of the same page so that it clearance but we are not authorized to print oan be removed easily IlJithout a risk of a copies for general distribution to other U S breaoh of seourity government agencies including cooperating or CRYPTOLOG is deliberately left unstructured customer agencies of NSA CSS It contains no TA Section CA Section Assuming that I'm authoriaed to get it how Language Section etc The intention is to do I get a subscription t J CRYPTOLOG make every reader whatever his specialty want Matthew 7 7 x564Zs or PI CRYPTOLOG to read every article in every issue are we hitting the mark It often happens that fQ JQ ana Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 11 'fOP SHEURRH'f UMBRA DOClO 4009728 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Some years ago a Hollywood IIIOvie told the story of how people and newspapers made a circus of the unhappy situation of a coal miner trapped in a cave-in The story was ballyhooed to the point where there was widespread betting on when the man would be brought up the noises from the local brass band and improvised concession stands competed with that from the re cue operation itself and a new song was heaDd across the land Oh Leo We're Coming Closer this time when we are still caught up in the emotional bends of its aftermath The intellectual tip-toeing that imaged through the lessons allegedly learned was also something less than admirable At that he could rest his case feeling that he justifiably exercised his right to voice his opinion in tKis a vehicle designed for such things But what about those long thoughts the conIronically as the movie went the event ul- victions formulated before during and after timately came back to haunt everyone who for his the tragedy and the basic reasons for this own purposes sought to get as much mileage as he lashing out Would that there were enough tiae could out of it The drilling effort was badly and space planned and executed teo suffocated And the people were left with bitter loathings of their It is not always easy to discuss Vietnam in own behavior and of the insensitive tactics of a totally dispassionate way To remain silent the newspaper reporters however where one disagrees is an assent to what was said The recourse he has chosen is Rightly or wrongly fairly or unfairly accurately or inaccurately __ the October issue 0 to submit in gi t a few of the many notes he CRYPTOLOG with its theme on lessons learned fro' has recorded on our SIGINT invoivement in the Vietnam Experience is what precipitated Vietnam and about the way October came recall of the Leo story It October as across in that context expected also triggered a whole range of long There is a time to laugh and there is a thoughts about the Vietnam tragedy in general time to cry Now is the time for neither its place in historical perspective the awesome The appearance of entertaining writing gains the Communist camp achieved by it Pueblo about the Vietnam experience in sedate was a technological coup Vietnam a monstrous CRYPTOLOG in October 1975 is just as unextortion of human spirit and an ideological palatable as the shocking breach of the triumph and the lingering concern about the NSA mission in vacuous PENTHOUSE What resolve in the free world particularly in the we should be doing now is a post-mortem a U S to meet the next test which if we are realistic penetrating post-mortem what disposed to listen to Solzhenitsyn may be caan apt term that is here covering all tastrophic and soon aspects of the SIGINT story in Vietnam With that as openers this taxpayer-cumThen start looking ahead SIGINTer has already made his point Rather bluntly true But he had made it namely It is just as unrealistic to try to prolong that October was unfortunate for its bad timthe euphoria of self-satisfaction over our ing and taste t ll t ing consider JC SIGINT accomplishmentsin ' IlllJll there'isDo cept forL_ tontTl butJ on it gave a questioffbutwhafsome of our finest work was carnival avor coated with pompous technical done there a it is to wallow in the bitterprofessionalism to a subject that should not ness of having watched 17 million people have been treated that way At least not at go under despite those efforts The 1' 1' Jan 76 ' CRYPTOLOG Page 12 SHURB'f IWIlLE 'lIA e8fIIlI'f' S111t1'UEhS er ty P L 86-36 DOCID 4009728 EO 1 4 c P 1 86-36 character of Vietnam SIGINT memoirs is what The memory of technical untidiness that deone finds objectionable It is too soon for veloped as the result of ride-herd and onethat sort of thing Better that October's upmanship methods against them and between ourinput had been given over to the NSA historian selves is still vivid I rather than to hear the cry Leo is Dead Long Live His Biographers The most unfortunate revelation of October as reflected in the concluding paragraph of The Danang Processing Center was that a very basic lesson was not learned It said Soon after ths u s mi U tary un thd Joew from Vietnam and the DGTS had assumed complete responsibility for ths collection analysis and reporting of SIGINT it became appaz ent their state-of-the-art lJ uZd not advanae as rapidly as bJe IJJClnted The DGTS simply would not be pushed faster than thsy wanted to go I feel thsre management and logistical problems and their lack of a true desire to learn the produation and use of SIGINT contributed to the overaZZ failure of the inOne has considerable respect fori I dependent ARVN SIGINT effort P L 86-36 and his candid talk in the Friedman Auditorium The author's conclusions are respected as on how it was from his vantage point in those the expression of his point of view But final days and his wariness of lessons-learned therein lies the lesson as this writer sees it Could it not have been that the South Viet- seminars In line with the point being made herein however there is some persuasion that namese were simply incapable of going at our his excellent presentation in October was speed and or could it not have been that they enough deliberately dragged their feet having the vision of our departure as the beginning of their We can readily agree with him about the dedidoom cation and courage of the U S SIGINTers in The Vietnamization Improvement and ModerniVietnam Being on the scene and working dization VIM Program was a noble albeit a rectly with our coUnterparts made it easy to respect them Maybe that's why during the late-starting undertaking Although much was achieved by it we all knew from the beginning nightmare of the final hours TAerl EOl1 4 d that it was fraught with uncertainties and haVing rowed out to an American ship at anch a- L 86- 3 6 risks the ARVN will to fight on their ability reportedly saw fit to shout the title of this to absorb the thrust of our updating efforts agency and the names of specific NSAers he had and our own patience in seeing it through We worked with over the years As far as we can pressed on anyway Hurriedly Hoping that it tell he was picked up where evidently others were not Call it resourcefulness if you want would ll crystallize on time The writer who hopes his name was included in There again in the view of this writer is that plea prefers to believe that this was where any moves to soothe the current compulsion simply another reflection of good work done in to catalog lessons learned should begin The an area where lessons were learned well in admere fact that the I ogram was called Vietnami- vance zation let alone the topic of acceleration We should be preoccupied with things beyond must have had an immediate demoralizing affect mileage and self-satisfaction over past on our counterparts Perhaps at the time we achievements Why is it that our product had were too long on expertise and somewhat short on compassion Hopefully the word-makers have such a low credibility in the eyes of the Amhad their day and we will not have to cppe with bassador in Saigon Why did he keep backin2 a loser in communications decention fl the indelicacies of any more izations A lot of good it's going to do any ody after the cave-in happens to be able to say we told you so The refrains of OhLeo o from the Kremlin are loud and clear thes days The only difference is there is no indication of any bad planning and execution on their part Or that the time is right for their behavior to be coming back to haunt them EO 1 4 c Jan 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 13 P L 86-36 One is convinced that in the process of imparting our knOWledge to the DGTS often to the point of causing them to gag we let our sensitivity slip away little by little A considerable amount can be and undoubtedly will be written about our moving ahead to new objectives in the VIM program without adequately resolving previous steps SF 1CRF 1'f IWlBbE VIA e8MHff ell UNEbS 8Uh'f Pi-NoY 75-53-24293 This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu