P L 86-36 G DUVlDG Dlk $lBrnWVU D $UJlB Lr UJV lB15 WlB15 lB W15 D 15 W DW I1UlUJ L THE BIBLE AND THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT Don Snow JJ TIPS IS STILL ALIVE AND WELL J FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS PROCUREMENT PROGRAM J 1 IS THERE LIFE AFTER CERTIFICATION John J Mollick ANOTHER CIPHER BY _ William Meyer MORE COMMENTS ON THE AG-22 IATS QUESTION AWARDS IN 1976 CMI AND CLA ESSAY CONTESTS '1 SEMANTIC VOIDS DON'T SHOOT THE TRANSLATOR I MACHINE-PRODUCED AIDS FOR THE LINGUIST A J Salemme LANGUAGE IN THE NEWS II TillS 99EURHMBNT EUR9NTl INS EUR99BW9R9 MATBRIAL I II I l I l t ooo 86-36 l 3 6 9 11 12 14 15 17 20 G' ri' IIIl1 DDllIiill GIIGiIiI llIiill GiiaIIJl 3 BUIIl _ Irlllll 98 H91IU Get oo gee ll eII H tilcalioe Ill tlse 9 Declassified and Approved for Release by NSA and CIA on '10-'1 '1- 2012 pursuant to E O '135 26 rvlDR Case # 54778 DOCID 4019642 'fOP SECRE'f Published Monthly by PI Techniques and Standards for the Personnel of Operations SEPTEMBER 1976 VOL III No 9 WILLIAM LUTWINIAK PUBLISHER BOARD OF EDITORS Editor in Chief Collection Cryptanalysis Language Machine Support Mathematics Special Research Traffic Analysis Arthur J Salemme 56425 1 'l 1 1 89555 'P L 1 80255 Emery W Tetrault 523 S 3 3 2 1 S L - _ Reed Dawson 39575 Vera R Filby 71195 Frederic O Mason Jr 41425 For individual subscriptions send name and organizational designator to CRYPTOLOG PI TOP SECRET 86-36 --- -- - - ------------ --- -----_ DOCIO 4019642 _------------- '--'----- -- ---'-''---''''--'-- UNCLASSIFIED Inn nnw illS 000 Micrographic Coordinator or the past 5 years I have carried a micro- form version of the Bible in my wallet It's all there -Old and New Testament -- 1245 pages And it's on a piece of film 2 inches square I've found that it's an ideal sample to show people when I talk to them about MICROGRAPHICS They're familiar with what the original book looks like and they can hardly believe that it can be reduced to something as small as the above chip and still be read That as the current saying goes is what Micrographics is all about Let's use another example which almost e' eryone is familiar with Would you like to hold the Washington Monument in the palm of your hand Easy - just take a picture of it Now instead of a shaft of granite over 555 feet high and weighing many tons you have a photographically reduced version of it Now it's one or 2 inches high and you can take it out of your wallet any time you wish instead of going down to the Mall to look at the original Those two examples then explain what Micrographics can do By means of quality photography we can obtain greatly reduced versions of things -- printed matter or whatever -- and then make as many copies of'the reduced version as we need Here in the Agency more and more people are getting into Micrographics For the most part they deal with printed matter -- frequently in large volume Computer print-outs which often have to be retained and used for long periods and a welter of reports technical aids as well as material received from other originators -- all of the above compound the information storage and handling problem_ So in search of relief they have entered the world of Micrographics They have found that source documents which is the term we use for material that has been typed or set in letterpress and then reproduced on paper in however many copies as needed can be converted to a suitable microform Source-document conversion is handled by L23 Reprographics Division September 76 CRYPTOLOG UNCLASSIFIED Page 1 DOCID 4019642 UNCLASSIFIED If on the other hand someone has many cabinets full of computer print-outs Micrographics can help there The Agency has in C74 two Computer-Output-Microfilm COM recorders A COM recorder uses a 7-level or 9-level magnetic tape as its input the information on the tape goes through a mini-computer at the front end for formatting then it is displayed on a cathode-ray tube and a camera takes a picture of the complete display The process is then repeated until every page of information has become a frame on the film The output film can be 16mm or 35 mm film or 105mm microfiche The advantage of COM lies not only in its speed 30 000 to 120 000 characters per second but in the compaction of the information on the output film For NSA's Family Day I had an exhibit which included a computer tape of unclassified information a print-out of the tape which comprised over 2000 llx14 pages and seven microfiches produced from the same tape by NSA's COM recorder Of course when information is reduced so drastically there has to be some way of enlarging it to its original dimensions so that it can be read by the user For this purpose we have the microform reader a device which projects a page image onto a screen usually at the front of the reader It will remain there until the user manually moves to the next desired image If the user_wishes to have a paper v rsion of a given page image he can get one with a reader printer This is much the same as a reader but it has a roll of sensitized paper inside The user looks at an image on the screen presses a button and in about 6 seconds the machine gives him a print of that image Now the user can underline passages scribble on the margin or show that page to someone who doesn't have access to a reader Naturally the emphasis should be on the tempo- Want a rary need for a page-print to make one or more prints with the idea of filing them away defeats the purpose of micrographics There are two main factors which explain why Micrographics is growing daily in importance -not only at NSA but throughout the intelligence community throughout the government and certainly in the world of business First people are realizing that t can convert mucJ 1 of their dynamic working materials to microform rather than use the technology for old or static materials which they no longer need within arm I s reach in the office Secondly recent years have seen a great improvement in the quali ty of equipment Standards are also being developed -- for reduction ratios formatting titling etc This becomes vital the moment one activity say in the intelligence community begins to exchange material with another in microform In-house the Micrographics Systems Coordinating Office N33 MISCO has standardized on two models of microfiche readers which comply with DoD reduction-ratio standards MISCO also maintains an overview-of all Agency micrographic applications and represents NSA on a number of inter-Agency micrographics working groups and committees To sum up Micrographics is one of the newer technologies to hit the Work force It's a space-saver it's a money-saver it's a timesaver No longer confined to archival or deadstorage material it is finding its place in the work pattern of more people every day Look around you The file cabinets the storage cabinets even the drawers of your desk -- they're all chock-full of paper Chances are that a lot of that paper could be converted to microform And it would be just as usable Think about it Then do something about it Enter the world of Micrographics UNCLASSIFIED eop of the Iq74-lq76 Cumulative In e 1 M the end 06 Volume III apptwac hu d hM bec ome appaJtent that the c umu ta t lve C WMindexed fuling 06 CRYPTOLOG aJtlic lu and authotu I namu will be tao lang to ptU Y1 t M paJLt 06 the Vec embeJt i6 ue Thvz e60tte we hall ptU nt the index M a epattate pubtic ation FOIt tteMOn 06 ec onomy we hall ptU nt only the numbvz 06 c opiu ae tuaUy ttequuted 16 you would tik e to ttec Uve a c opy 06 the index pleMe 6ill out and mail the 60ilowing 60ttm 16 you do not want to c ut up tw i6 ue 06 CRYPTOLOG jU t wttde III nde p n o _ n tt aniz n_o c 6 -p p TO PI CRYPTOLOG Please send - - - - - - - - - - - copy copies of CRYPTOLOG Index to Name September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 2 UNCLASSIFIED Organization -3 DOCID 4019642 SBCRB'f pJ fA L TIPS is a The 60Uowing a l-ticl e -in C-LINERS C G oup Maeh-ine P oeC6 -ing In60romation Bulletin Vol 3 No 9 I ue No 30 SpUYLg 1976 The TIPS system encompasses the hardware devices software executive routines conventions communications package and data bases in support of the quick-turnaround on-line information storage and retrieval capability within RYE See Section 4 of forthcoming USSID 703 Technical Information Processing System TIPS for general information about this system epun ted h ew-Uhthe kind p -ion 06 C-LINERS Vavid J WiUi Ed-Uo As was the case with Mark Twain reports you might have heard about the demise oLTIPS __ NSA' s Technical Information ProcessingSystem -- have undoubtedly been grossly exaggerated True TIPS is showing signs of aging After all she has been around since the mid-Sixties To some such longevity should qualify her for some kind of geriatric support To others notably some folks in Cll the Information Systems Division of C the old girl is still very much alive AdmittedlYja young and moreglamorous replacement is being sought Nobgdy knows when this rival willbe embodied' or em-'machined but she is coming and plans are l eing made for her arrival At this stage in her safeer then one feels it would be a good ti rneto record a few random thoughts ilbout TIPS A few words of background informat i on maybe in order for those not in the category of C Old-timers First a more or less official definition Chances are that as a RYE user you've already interfaced with the most common of these input devices the lowly teletype The manufacturer is the Teletype Corporation of America and the most common terminal type for RYE is the ASR Automatic Send and Receive September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 3 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 SECRET JIANBbE VIA 8SPdHJ'f' 8IIAPJHBh8 aNL j 86-36 DOCID - 4019642 8BEURRBCf EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d OGA P L 86-36 1 4 c L 86-36 September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 4 SBCRJ3Cf HAPlQlsI3 VIA 08PttlN'T EIIz HNEhS ONbJPY DOCID -401 64Z c OGA SECRET P L 86-36 September 76 CRYPTOLoG Page 5 ClTu m l 4 c 1 P L 4 d 86-36 I1Af lBL e1A etHtlI14't' eIlAlHil3LS 8HLJPY OCID 4019642 September 76 Page 6_ GA DOCI 4 01 September 76 Page 7 CONFIDENCFI DOCID 4019642 September 76 Page 8 0 GA DOCID 4019642 CONF IDEP'JTI 11_ ooo oooooooo ooo - --- - - - - IS THERE LIFE A FTER CERTIFICATION John J Moll iell Blf What happens to the linguist after he or she from now on for convenience let's just say he has become certified as a level-III professional linguist Does he stay at that level forever Or does he continue to develop his language skills Does he strive for something better than level-III proficiency If he does what is it that he's striving for An as yet undefined level-IV proficiency Or for the unofficial title of superlinguist language consultant language whiz or some other informal name that indicates that he is recognized among certified linguists as someone who really knows the foreign language thoroughly When and how does a person get that recognition from his peers Can criteria be established for making that recognition formal with some kind of official title to accompany it These are only some of the questions that are being discussed by an ad-hoc committee that was recently empowered to advise the Language Career Panel on problems of developing the skills of the Agency's certified linguists It seemed reasonable to us commi ttee members to ask certified linguists themselves for their opinions about matters involving them onwhich we would be making recommendations Therefore as one member of the committee I decided to take an informal poll 11 - _ The poll was very informal I improvised casually and typed sloppily pe onally I find it easier to be a level-III linguist than a UNCLASSIFIED level-II typist a t 50 people I know As 0 f thi s wri t i nLg - '9 7 6 I h-a-v-e-r-e-c-e 'i-v-e 'd --l 18 replies No one dare to state that the opinionsl necessarIly represent the feelIngs of most of the Agency's linguists I do think however that their opinions are enlightening Therefore I am summarizing their replies here in order to demonstrate how at least a representative handful of the Agency's linguists feel about their chosen field of professionalization and in order to invite other linguists to share their ideas with me I will welcome any additional views and will channel them into the committee's discussions In that way we can be assured that the suggestions we submit to the Language Car eer Panel will take into consideration the P L 86-36 input provided by linguists themselves Of the linguists who replied1 othe original questionnaire 14 had been certified 3 hoped to be in the future Qfth9se certified 6 fel t that they coulcleas lypassr language PQE Pr9fes sional Quahhcatlon Examination a had cloubts Inresp9nse to the question of how they maintain t eir language proficiency 14 stated that theY rely on the work environment 8 also do some studying at home only 3 rely on in-house training Seven feel that additional language training would aid them substantially in doing better work in their present jobs 11 did not feel that way Furthermore 9 feel that their language abilities are equal to the demands of September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 9 CONPIf EN'fIAL I I DOCID 4019642 UNCLASSIFIED the job 2 feel undertrained' 7 fppl nvprtrained I Regarding their future in the language field 17 linguists said that they greatly enjoy language work Sixteen gave qualified affirmative answers when asked if they desired to remain in language-oriented jobs Most of the qualifications concerned the need for career progression recognition and variety in work Several individuals flatly stated that they believe one can remain a linguist only i f he is willing to sacrifice the financial rewards since management is the route to take for higher grade Not surprisingly then only about half the linguists felt that they would stay in the language field Thirteen linguists were against the formal establishment of a level IV for language checkers and consultants only 4 favored it Objections generally concerned the following o The experts have long been identified and already are checkers and language consultants Therefore the establishment of additional criteria and testing will just waste more time both on the part of those administering the tests and those linguists who would be forced into nonproductive study at the expense of the job merely to reach another meaningless milestone o After establishment of level IV linguists would feel pressured to reach that level Eventually the standards would be dropped to accommodate linguists who just cannot meet high standards Then we would find ourselves in a situation similar to that which currently exists -- except that there would be a number of level-IV linguists and people would be discussing the desirability of establishing level V for the real experts The above objections apparently would be mollified if the attainment of level IV were limited to the few truly superior linguists and if their excellence were adequately recognized and rewarded Those favoring the level IV seemed to confirm this They suggested that level IV would give career linguists something to shoot for but that it would be worthwhile only if it promised an opportunity for upperlevel grade advancement and if the criteria were kept sufficiently stringent in order to limit the level-IV ranks to a very small handful of genuine experts Only one person favored the grandpersoning in of recognized experts All others were adamantly against any such free rides However several asked the rhetorical question Who then creates and checks the tests Some doubt was expressed that an effective level-IV I test could indeed be created It was indicated th perhaps there would be a need for criteria othei'than formal testing if a level IV were to be established One linguist suggested an openended PQE test inwhich the highest scores would be selected for the few level-IV billets Fourteen linguists statedtha t they feel periodic rotations into other language jobs are advisable Most emphasized that rotations should be optional rather t an mandatory 1 On y s i ji l n d h rainingmfrOm The questions that elicited the strongest comments were those asking for proposals on how to increase the linguists' satisfaction with their jobs and improve their working lives For the most part the diverse answers can be divided into the following categories o Reaognition Most linguists specified that they want recognition above all else A number felt that lack of recognition of the worth of linguists is evident in the inability of Agency linguists to compete successfully with managers or others for promotion Despite almost unanimous complaints about lack of recognition few specific suggestions were made regarding how that recognition should be shown except for boosting pride of authorship by putting the linguists' or analysts' names or numbers on products to which they have contributed Most linguists stated in one way or another that they feel management does not recognize the significant role that the linguist plays This desire for recognition leads logically to the next desire o Pay Again there was almost complete unanimity that people cannot advance far enough in the language field The theme eliminate the need for linguists to leave the language field in order to progress beyond the GG-12 GG-13 level was a common denominator in the linguists' replies One individual suggested Senior technicians should be equal to middle and upper level managers The work is equally demanding the output is as l mportant to the mission of NSA Another suggested ihat there is no valid reason why a GG-12 linguist cannot work for a GG-9 manager o Training Many linguists recognized the need for language maintenance and for continual training Some suggested occasional sabbaticals to local universities both for training and as a sign of recognition Several suggested the need for additional overseas training in the native environment Few felt September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 10 UNCLASSIFIED Continued on page 14J P L 86-36 DOClD 4019642 UNCLASSIFIED - While taking Mechanical Drawing in high school I became interested in the various styles of lettering and printing At that time the heavy block letters were popular You can still notice the influence today in the letters on school sweaters and jackets B J I I E See how easy it is to develop this alphabet within the blocks Form follows function as the art teachers say Or used to say 1 y r- J --L o INOCHANGEI X A B c J H E D K L F G N M o p Q R 5 T v w x y z IHAIN u TEX TI The cipher is simple and fast to write and extremely easy to learn Practice it with the following message Trace the first few words until you get the hang of it Just keep in mind that you are mentally supplying the square around each letter and you will be able to visualize each letter easily After you learn the cipher amaze your coworkers Or teach your children so that they can send secret messages to their friends when they should be listening to the teacher I The letters were fairly easy to read but it was very time-consuming to draw the blocks before writing your message So I took the next step and abolished the squares I just drew the marks and let my mind supply the blocks around them - A B c ' ' J J I of ' -D a-- 0_ - - - I I_- -- J T E -to 1 0 ' 3 1 It didn't take long for my friends and me to become adept at our secret cipher but several refinements soon crept into the system some to remove ambiguities and others to increase ease in writing -- I I I II I l o September 76 CRYPTOLOG 'Page 11 UNCLASSIFIED 1 a I 1 L- T 0-- J ' J L J I - I' -- 1 T JT _J ' 'I etc 1 Il -- i '-- D I a-- I ' 51 1 rtn-d Sttte lttJ- e etJ-mmellt4l n-t e 4'1-22 475 lee4titJ-H I I September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 12 SBCKET ------ Repkinted 640m C-LINERS Val 3 No 9 Spking 1976 IMue No 30 i EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 IIAUBbB VIA eSftllu't' eIIANNBh SUb DOCID 4019642 SB JRBT September 76 CR yp TOLO G Pa g e 13 S i3 JRBT EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 AI4J5LE UIA caMIN 1 CHANNlL 8NbY DOCID 4019642 SECRET 0 _ 86-36 P L EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c SESRE'f EEe o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o iii o oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo after eertifieation1 What does all this mean reiterate that a poll of such a small number of persons may not be Co nUnue d 6JWm pag e 10 an accurate barometer of the feelings of the majority I do feel however that this poll reveals that present programs in the training school there is strong desire by at least a segment of could be of any use to them It was suggested the Agency's linguists for change and that the that making it easier for linguists to transfer linguists' feelings should be taken into conto other language jobs and the creating of spesideration when discussing changes that will afcial language teams that could be used in varifect their future If this article has provoked ous language crises would be both educational you the reader to want to comment please send your and good for morale ideas gripes threats etc to me as soon as posOne troublesome item has been brought up since sible our committee will be submitting its recomthe basic questionnaire was issued Is the periodic mendations in September or October I'll make sure retesting of professional linguists an effecti ve that the rest of the commi ttee members know your albeit negative incentive for linguists to maintain feelings Send your comments to a high level of capability I have some very strong feelings about this question but I think the comJohn J MoWell mittee defini tely needs input from the Agency's B24 Room 5Al07 linguists UNCLASSIFIED I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o B C CRYPTO-MATHEMATICS INSTITUTE M Awa rds to the winners of the 1976 I CMI Annual Essay Contest were made by President-elect Glenn Stahly R5 at the annual banquet held at Goddard Space Flight Center on 18 June 1976 Instead of the usual first prize $100 and second prize $50 an award of $75 was made to each of two authors tying for first place 1 5 A Measurement of L ---Il 'n s e c u-r l ' t y f o-'or Imperfect Erasure U IG AVariable Length --'l lO 'u' 'tp u 't '1Sl ' t - r l ' n g PTAH ti fie U paper S Third prize $25 was awarded to the authors of the following joint essay CRYPTO-LINGUISTICS ASSOCIATION The following awards in the 1976 CLA Annual Essay Contest were made at the annual CLA banquet held at the Trojan Horse Restaurant on 27 May 1976 First prize $100 Doris E Miller Pl6 retired Language as a Bu 1k Commodi ty t i tie U paper TSC NSA Technical Journal Vol XX No 3 Summer 1975 Second prize $50 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 paper TSC CRYPTOLOG July 1975 Third Prize $25 John B Thomas Jr A9 A Fix for the Language Problem title U paper S CRYPTOLOG August-September 1975 Honorable mention The prize-winning essays have been released within limits dictated by Classification and need-to-know by the sponsoring organizations indicated but have not yet been published in journals -CSESlwq _ - - L March 1976 P16 retired Freedom in Translation U to be published in NSA Technical Journal SEERCT - September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 14 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 IITO Pull a 'Ponyal' ' title U paper TSC CRYPTOLOG 8 CR T P L 86-36 IIANBb8 ' 'fA eeMIIff elIl tI N LS l NL i EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d P L 86-36 DOCID 4019642 SECRE'f' ' - I I f I i 1 September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page IS SECRET i IBbE VIA EeIIIN'F Elb'diNEhS ems 1 4 c 1 4 d DOCID 4019642 86 36 SECRET _ _ o _ _ CgI56RI5'f 668 September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 16 SI3CRI3'f Il tiBhE VIA EURBf lIN'f EURlbltriliEb8 BlihY DOCID 4019 642 'fOP S CR 'f UMBRA September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 17 'fOP SEEURRE'f UMBR2 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 DOCID __ o _1 4 4019642 P L TOil SECREtF UMBRA September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 18 TOP SECRET UMBK c 86-36 DOCID 4019642 TOP CRJ3'1' UMBRA September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 19 TOP SECRET UMBRA EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 DOCID 4019642 Tor SECRET UMBRA EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 1'8P 6EEREl' HIIBRA To be concluded next month - -La 9leage ile t e 1teev 4 - - - I I _ lu i 1 stationing troops in West Germany the U S Army has finally begun to teach its soldiers German It is the pet projeot of Gen George S Blanchard once an out 'standing West Point full back Beginning July 2 all N % z new batallion briga1e and division comma nder will take 120 hours of German before they assume their positions in iermany z A knowledge JA German n Blanchard explains is essential in at t aining o - --- _ ' ------- - ------------ - and made a good German f'ri end What bet ter way to make a friend than to speak the same language Blanchard believes that 1 because of changing times 1 the devaluation of the 1 dollar and other influences too many GI' s in 1 t Germany have been isola - 1 ing themselves by remain- ing on U S bases He wants them to get out and mingle with the German 1 population He realizes too that in the past 30 years the German people show knowledge of two foreign I langtJages before he or she was admitted to many accredited U S I universities Since1963 the number of un- dergraduate students studying I foreign languages has declined I steadily Less than 20% of con temporary high school graduates know a foreign tongue Why the change One quick answer is that educa- tors are more concerned with teaching students how to struc1ure and write a correct sentence in English than they are in French or iL I 1 J - i IiIIIII _ j O t a S 16ED September 76 CRYPTOLOG Page 20 TOP g CRBT UMBRl Pl Sep 76-S3-247RB This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu