MODERNIZATION OF THE WWMCCSS' INFORMATION SYSTEM WIS PREPARED FOR THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN RESPONSE TO HOUSE REPORT NO 96-916 19 JANUARY 1981 Logged Into Database By Teri Anderson Mar 04 Date 9 PREPARED BY THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS COMMAND CONTROL AND INTELLIGENCE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF WWMCCS SYSTEM ENGINEER DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED MODERNIZATION OF THE WWMCCS INFORMATION SYSTEM WIS PREPARED FOR THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN RESPONSE TO HOUSE REPORT NO 96-916 19 JANUARY 1981 PREPARED BY THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS COMMAND CONTROL AND INTELLIGENCE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF WWMCCS SYSTEM ENGINEER DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iv v SUMMARY 1 1 0 INTRODUCTION 2 0 WWMCCS ADP TODAY 2 2 1 2 2 Honeywell H6000 Series Hardware WWMCCS Intercomputer Network WIN 3 7 2 3 2 4 WWMCCS Software Other ADP in WWMCCS 8 11 3 0 THE MODERNIZATION PROBLEM 13 3 1 3 2 3 3 Need Objectives Constraints 4 0 MODERNIZATION ARCHITECTURE 17 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 Inter-Nodal Alternatives Nodal Alternatives 4 2 1 Direct One-for-One Replacement 4 2 2 The Selected New Architecture Nuclear and Warning Families Architectural and Transition Issues 17 18 18 20 25 26 5 0 5 1 5 2 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS Approach to Requirements Definition Requirements Definition Status 28 28 29 5 3 Other ADP in WWMCCS 35 6 0 6 1 ACQUISITION SCHEDULE AND COST Modernization Phases 6 1 1 Phase I Baseline Upgrade 6 1 2 Phase II Command Center Support 6 1 3 Phase III Functional Family Processing 6 1 4 Phase IV Command Unique Processing Planning Factors Modernization Schedule Acquisition Cost Estimates 37 37 37 40 41 41 42 44 44 6 2 6 3 6 4 ii 13 14 15 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONCLUDED Page 7 0 7 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 MANAGEMENT OF WIS PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION Joint Program Manager JPM Joint Chiefs of Staff JCS Office of the Secretary of Defense OSD Implementation 8 0 ADP FOR TACTICAL WARNING AND ATTACK ASSESSMENT COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS Acquisition Management NORAD Missile Warning and Space Surveillance System 8 2 1 Communications System Segment 8 2 2 Core Processing Segment Command Center Processing and Display System CCPDS Schedules and Cost 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 GLOSSARY iii 48 48 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 55 56 58 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE FIGURE 2 1 WWMCCS ADP Sites CPUs Configurations 4 2 2 WWMCCS Work Station Inventory 6 2 3 WWMCCS Applications Software 9 2 4 Other ADP In WWMCCS 12 4 1 New Architecture 24 5 1 Family Capabilities 30 5 2 Family Assignments To Current Operational Sites 34 5 3 ADP IN WWMCCS By Families 36 6 1 Architectural Phases 38 6 2 Assumptions For Software Costing 43 6 3 Modernization Schedule 45 6 4 Acquisition Cost Estimates 46 7 1 Management Framework 49 8 1 ADP Improvement Schedule 57 iv SUMMARY Automated data processing ADP one of the several elements of the Worldwide Military Command and Control System WWMCCS is the nucleus of a dynamic and evolving WWMCCS Information System whichserves the National Command Authorities and key military commanders across a broad spectrum of planning and operational activities from day-to-day and crisis operations to conventional and nuclear war The use of this information system involving 83 Honeywell 6000-series CPUs at 26 sites is growing and the system is expanding both in the breadth and depth of its operational applications This expansion is occasioned to a large degree by the availability of a WWMCCS Intercomputer Network WIN which provides a high-speed high-capacity digital data communications capability among 20 of the sites The WWMCCS Information System is expected to continue to grow both in numbers of sites and services provided as users and system operators gain more experience with WWMCCS ADP and network applications The growing use of WWMCCS ADP and increased operator experience however have highlighted certain deficiencies in the present information system especially in its support of time-sensitive crisis applications In addition rapid advances in ADP architecture and in hardware and software technology have created a situation in which the installed Honeywell hardware and system software are becoming technically obsolete Moreover it is anticipated that the current system will become increasing difficult and uneconomical to support logistically within ten years Consequently a major modernization of WWMCCS ADP and other elements of the WWMCCS Information System must be planned now and implemented Modernization of the ADP hardware alone will not be sufficient modernization of much of the WWMCCS software is required both to meet expanding operational needs and to take full advantage of the new hardware capabilities In the current WWMCCS ADP architecture the several H6000 CPUs at each site are generally coupled together into configurations to form the equivalent of one or two large processors on which all applications software is operated The applications software falls into two classes standard centrally developed software for functions implemented at a large number of sites and command-unique software developed for use at an individual site or a small number of Service-supported sites The standard WWMCCS applications common to many sites have been categorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff JCS into at least four operational or mission-oriented families Jo Resources and Unit Monitoring Conventional Planning and Execution v Io Nuclear Planning and Execution and o Tactical Warning and Space Defense Two major architectural decisions for the required modernization have now been made The first relates to the location or distribution J of ADP serving WWMCCS T4--%-CT -T- aim w frrns arralie detgree of remote epev'ticm nIAq v4_ The second decision relates to the type or design of the ADP to be installed at each site The decision here was based on an assessment of the current architecture and appraisal of desirable modernization factors This led to the following conclusions deram ntaf•lOn o there is no need for the same or s •m0uwnw of all of the WiWWS ADP confluirat t'ms S•N functioo_ at all site o ha dware and software standardization-as esseal-U ial¶or functions cotunon tomultipl- sites but aAailred non-standard approach to mode rization of most coapod unique functions is acceptable o prioritf should be given to those areas wbere'currnt perforn ce is -less satisfactory with sPeciaai- Ty attention to the-need for providing avery reliable sec u r high-capacityiJntercomputer communications capabi1tV and o a phasing of the modernization effort would permit the cost and disruption of transition to be broken into manageable pieces The selected nodal architecture has been termed the functional family approach It departs from the current architecture and s ocessin tem at each s-it ratker implements a e than concentrating the processing in one or two large cen-tFSim At each site a local network would serve to interconnect the various equipments and ease the transition process This approach permits standard hardware and software treatment of the key functional families which are common to many sites yet with tailored site-by-site treatment of the hardware and command-unique applications at individual sites To the extent that the functional families are independent of one another their modernization schedules vi may be phased to occur at different times easing the operational problems on the sites as well as budgetary pressures While the basic architectural decisions have been made other issues remain to be addressed in the near future Definition and specification of operational and information system requirements for the new system are proceeding in pace with the architectural activities These efforts are now oriented to the four-family functional approach Near-term modernization of the ADP used for tactical warning and attack assessment command and control capabilities is a very high priority problem and one whose solution should not be constrained or otherwise affected by the mid-to-long term functional family approach Accordingly the Air Force has established a new Systems Integration Office at the Aerospace Defense Command to plan and engineer the necessary improvements to the ADP of the command and control systems involved the NORAD Missile Warning and Space Surveillance System and the Command Center Processing and Display System This separate activity is proceeding with high priority It does not appear that the Nuclear Planning and Execution family requires additional attention at this time beyond already on-going ADP modernization activities Accordingly this family has been given a lower priority in the WIS modernization Cost and schedule estimates have been prepared for the selected functional family approach They are very preliminary at this point focus only on acquisition R D hardware and software procurement costs and do not yet include the Nuclear and Tactical Warning families As an order of magnitude an acquisition expenditure of 1 0 to 1 3 billion dollars is indicated although this might grow by several hundred million dollars if the amount of command-unique This software to be converted has been seriously under-estimated total compares with some 40 million dollars for acquisition in the FY 82 WWMCCS ADP budget of about 200 million dollars Extrapolation of this 40 million dollar level over a ten-year period indicates an incremental acquisition cost of 600-900 million dollars for the modernization de T -- aq tiyj$ f•r• n atinwetplann an rsi rements icVjtonpreparation and source selec-ti6n with M phased acquistilw -ig 986 Mag at th ar 41t oR s__f t r aotnj between 9-i et ptimtOvfof the modernized -system which provides 7ý17r •a ties_ as the÷iora network - automatic message hanfig s uppe•'LQ -A1T-df-hTswif1i-bild1Tupon the si o th I e tiwe pmaseo• ep • 1•7y7J vii the currently-planned ADP and WIN upgrades to yield a modern communications and user support capability The functional families and the command-unique applications will follow To provide stronger and more centralized management and direction of all WIS modernization activities broad programmatic technical and fiscal responsibilities will be assigned to a newly created WIS Joint Program Manager JPM The JPM will be activated by mid-1981 and report through the JCS to the Assistant Secretary of Defe nse for Communications Command Control and Intelligence ASD C I For the acquisition of new hardware and software a new system project office will be established by the Air Force viii 1 0 INTRODUCTION This document has been prepared in response to Congressional requests that the Department of Defense DoD prepare a comprehensive plan for modernizing the Worldwide Military Command and Control System WWMCCS automated data processing ADP The sections which follow report on the results of activities of the past year in further defining the operational and information system requirements and in making the basic architectural choices for this modernization As such this document supplements the report entitled Planning for Modernization of the WWMCCS Information System presented to Congress in January 1980 and represents a major step towards the final modernization plan which DoD will submit to Congress with the FY 83 budget That report will further detail modernization planning provide answers to issues noted herein and will present the refined program schedule and cost data upon which the FY 83 and successive WIS modernization budget requests will be based The focus of the modernization effort described herein is the set of Honeywell H6000 series computers procured beginning in the early 1970s in support of WWMCCS command centers The majority of these computers were procured under a single competitively awarded WWMCCS ADP contract and are generally referred to as WWMCCS Standard ADP For reasons of compatibility several additional H6000s were procured for WWMCCS command centers by other contractual means The totality of these machines and supporting hardware DN355s H700s peripherals etc will be collectively referred to as WWMCCS ADP Other ADP in WWMCCS is discussed see Sections 2 4 and 5 3 in order to put the proposed modernization in context In the discussion which follows the term WWMCCS Information System or WIS• is adopted to indicate that the operational and technical modernization considerations go beyond ADP hardware aan4 oce upresLa software to jiludejnfortmation reoortinsj-stems bases and fil es terminals and displays and conmmunications The word conversion is used herein to indicate the general process of modifying software originally developed to operate on one computer to operate on a different computer While several levels of difficulty and effort in conversion have been identified only two levels are considered here The first and simplest is translation which is largely a direct mechanical recompilation process at the other extreme is redesign which generally involves a complete revision of the functional design In response to the Congressional request for a separate section that addresses the ADP requirements of the WWMCCS strategic warning system Section 8 0 discusses the modernization of the ADP for tactical warning and attack assessment command and control systems 2 0 WWMCCS ADP TODAY WWMCCS ADP one of the several elements of the WWMCCS is itself the nucleus of the dynamic and rapidly evolving WWMCCS Information System WIS It consists primarily of the Honeywell H6000 series computers and related equipments located at 26 WWMCCS sites or nodes and performing a vteve JoiG 4fa f ta e CSPu 1 Twenty of tesituw ' sintznoienctedis-th the d iatt- aewnn ai pb4 the In addition to the 26 major sites W•Z•n•tIercamuter Networkp WI with local H6000 computers another 8 sites are served by one or more terminals from other major sites An appreciation of the current characteristics and growth pattern of WWMCCS ADP is essential to an understanding of the focus and direction of the modernization plan The material of this section is based on visits to the commands equipped with WWMCCS ADP and on discussions with the personnel responsible for programming operating and using the current ADP system It supplements assessment information developed in a 1979 user survey and summarized in last year's report to Congress on WIS modernization Key assessments in that report were o Use of and reliance on WWMCCS ADP is a fact of life Almost all users commented that their ability to accomplish their operational jobs would be seriously impaired without the existing WWMCCS ADP support despite its imperfections o WWMCCS ADP is providing useful support to day-to-day operations with planning for possible joint military operations and deployments being a particularly important application o IWWMCCS ADP support of command and control operations in a time-constrained crisis or conflict environment is not viewed as adequate or responsive to user needs o The on-line query response and associated information retrieval capabilities of the Honeywell-based system are clearly not up to the state-of-the-art nor is system reliability viewed as satisfactory o The timeliness accuracy and completeness of the source information is a far more fundamental issue affecting the operational adequacy of WWMCCS ADP support Much of the basic data input to WWMCCS ADP applications programs 2 originates at the operating forces and is provided in accordance with existing reporting procedures These procedures are embodied in the Joint Reporting Structure JRS and in associated Service Command reporting systems 2 1 o Significant improvement in ADP support of crisis conflict management will require more current accurate and therefore credible information o Other factors impacting operational performance include the reliability of the supporting communications and the limited availability of experienced and well-trained personnel at the individual sites Survivability of command facilities and their supporting information systems is an extremely important additional concern Honeywell H6000 Series Hardware The basic element of WWMCCS ADP is the Honeywell H6000-series There have been 83 H6000 CPUs procured central processor unit CPU for use in WWMCCS command centers or in a supporting role 76 of these were obtained under the WWMCCS Standard ADP contract as part of the procurement of 35 systems and 7 were obtained through other means Over the past 5-10 years a number of electronic card board and other modifications replacements and additions have been made to the H6000s to increase performance improve reliability or provide compatibility with new peripheral equipments These changes have been made to most of the H6000 CPUs and have had the effect of achieving functional equivalence but not physical equivalence to the Honeywell Level 66 CPUs These WWMCCS machines are still generally referred to as the H6000 series and that practice will be followed here A better measure of the size of WWMCCS ADP is the number of configurations where a configuration is defined as the assignment of one or more CPUs at a site to a specific mission or set of tasks Figure 2 1 presents the 83 CPUs and their current assignment to 49 configurations By agreement with the Defense Intelligence Agency DIA the five CPUs and three conhlguratio•s• de vtedln t In2e1L4- wfi e lw b IA nRer newt hir current pjar Eliminating these leaves 78 CPUs and 46 configurations as the target for WWMCCS ADP modernization The utilization of the WWMCCS hardware at the sites is expanding both in the scope and depth of applications as a result of the growing education and experience of the system users and operators in applying the WIS to a variety of planning and crisis operations and as a result 3 COMMAND LEVEL SITE LOCATION TOTAL CPUs BY SITE JCS NMCC Pentagon 4 ANMCC Ft Ritchie RD 4 USEUCOM Vaihingen GE 2 PACOM LANTCOM Camp Smith HI Makalapa HI Norfolk VA 1 1 6 REDCOM JDA McDill AFB FL 4 SAC Offutt AFB NE 7 NORAD ADCOM Colorado Springs CO MAC Scott AFB IL 7 SubUnified USFK Taegu Korea Service Hq Army AOC Navy NCC CONFIGURATIONS CPUs PER CONFIGURATION Operations Development Back-up Operations SlOP 2 2 2 2 Operations SlOP Intelligence IDHS SlOP Operations Operations Intelligence IOHS Operations REDOCOM Operations JDA 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 SlOP Force Status on-line Development Back-up MAJCOM Support Intelligence IDHS Space Computation Center NORAD Command Center NCS Back-up Comm System Segment Off-site Development Passenger Cargo Operations Top Secret Operations Unclassified MAJCOM Development 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 Operations 1 Pentagon 2 Washington Navy Yard 4 AF AFDSC Pentagon 1 Intelligence Operations Operations Development Back-up Operations 1 1 2 1 1 1 System Supportive Army War College Air Univ Carlisle Bks PA Gunter AFS AL 1 Back-up Operations 1 2 Back-up Operations 2 Component Commands PACFLT PACWRAC USAREUR FORSCOM NAVEUR TAC PACAF USAFE Makalapa HI 2 Operations 2 Heidelberg GE Ft Gillem GA London England Langley AFB VA Hickam AFB HI Ramstein AB GE 1 2 2 3 1 2 Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations NATO US Support 1 2 2 3 I 1 1 Transportation NTMC Falls Church Va 3 Operations Top Secret Operations Unclassified 1 2 Support Development CCTC Reston ATC Navy Reston VA 4 Development 4 Keesler AFB MS Pax River MD 1 1 Training Navy Test Bed 1 1 Untified Specifled Totals 14 83 26 Figure 2 1 49 WWMCCS ADP Sites CPUs Configurations January 1981 4 83 of the WIN implementation This growth curve seems likely to continue upward with the continuing interest education and experience of the users and with continued system enhancements A measure of the operational utilization of WIS is the growing number of local and remote terminals connected to the H6000s Figure 2 2 presents the current inventory of WWMCCS work stations where a remote terminal may be anywhere from several miles to several thousand miles away from its host computer as opposed to local terminals which are in the immediate vicinity of the host processor The growth in terminals has been very rapid with a doubling since 1976 this has been particularly true of remote terminals to a point today where most major US military installations in the US Korea and Europe are connected either via the WIN or remote terminals to WIS The specific utilization of WWMCCS ADP varies widely among the 26 sites A list of typical activities served includes the following functions o maintenance of status and location of forces and resources o planning for force mobilization and deployments o preparation of the SlOP single integrated operational plan o calculations for SPACETRACK o scheduling of MAC cargo and passenger reservations o estimating and monitoring Navy fleet fuel consumption o assistance in preparation and processing of AUTODIN messages and o assistance in preparation of Air Force tactical frag orders There is a growing use of WWMCCS ADP for a wide variety of command center support functions including the managing of records logs briefings and messages This area is one very similar to developments in the commercial world described as office automation WWMCCS ADP users are also finding very significant applications of on-line teleconferencing using WIN to communicate and exchange messages and data bases among personnel at different command centers as well as remote sites The terminal and network aspects of WIS effectively support the on-line interactive development and coordination of contingency plans among personnel who are physically separated in 5 WORK STATIONS COMMAND LOCAL REMOTE LEVEL SITE JCS NMCC ANMCC 91 39 4 16 UNIFIED USEUCOM PACOM LANTCOM LANTFLT USREDCOM 30 27 73 29 --- SPECIFIED SAC NORAD ADCOM MAC 28 20 TOTAL 95 55 30 27 101 49 88 62 121 118 104 62 239 16 -- SUB-UNIFIED USFK 17 24 41 SERVICE HEADQUARTERS Army AOC Navy NCC Air Force AFDSC Marines 34 27 24 31 9 2 1 65 36 26 1 SYSTEM SUPPORTIVE Army War College Air University 33 10 1 3 34 13 COMPONENT PACFLT PACWRAC USAREUR FORSCOM NAVEUR TAC PACAF USAFE 35 29 20 45 74 21 52 12 8 81 8 26 47 37 101 53 100 21 52 TRANSPORTATION MTMC 39 46 85 SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT CCTC-Reston ATC Navy 34 26 7 8 -- 42 26 -- 7 -- GRAND TOTAL Figure 2 2 1087 --- 462 WWMCCS Work Station Inventory January 1981 6 1549 different commands and continents This growing use of WWMCCS ADP contrasts with the more traditional batch-oriented computational aspects of computer utilization While the reliability of WIN has been less than desired the WWMCCS ADP sites are generally satisfied with the reliability of the CPUs they report that scheduled and unscheduled hardware maintenance has been low Many sites wish to obtain additional CPUs to enhance their processing capacity to decrease computer response time or to provide better back-up capability at key sites note that Figure 2 1 indicates very few dedicated back-up CPUs The poor reliability of computer peripherals and supporting power and air conditioning facilities is also a matter of widespread concern 2 2 WWMCCS Intercomputer Network WIN The WIN has been one of the major enhancements to WWMCCS ADP and has grown significantly from six participating sites in 1977 to 20 sites today The present WIN is the outgrowth of an experimental program from 1971 to 1977 to determine the operational benefit of networking and to identify the characteristics needed to support military operations After a series of controlled tests and uncontrolled use in a JCS exercise and several actual crises operational personnel quickly concluded that the experimental system provided positive contributions and declared the system operational despite documented technical and procedural deficiencies WIN performance today is less than satisfactory and is a primary target of user complaints A major program to provide the hardware software and reliability improvements was initiated in 1980 and will continue over the next few years This program is outlined in Section 6 0 Reliability across the net is improving but still does not meet stated operational requirements Some of the sites on the WIN network have Top Secret data bases and some of the data transmitted over WIN is of the same classification Lacking multi-level security features all machines and terminals and associated personnel on WIN must be cleared to that security level The experiences of exercises and crises in 1980 indicate that some improvements have been made in WIN operational use Improvements were made in the transmission of data bases among sites especially in the case of lengthy transfers in which in excess of 3 5 million characters of information are involved The components of the WIN--namely the Interface Message Processors IMP H6000s DN355s and communication lines--demonstrated a wide range of availability and reliability from very poor to excellent 7 Despite the improvements of 1980 much additional progress will be required before WIN can fully support WWMCCS users during exercises and odn1 MIS m ' i-i crises 2 3 WIWICCS Software WWMCCS utilizes two broad categories of software system software which is standard for most sites and applications software which may be system standard but in general is unique to a site or subset of sites The system software for WWMCCS ADP was largely obtained with the hardware from Honeywell and then modified for WWMCCS use but also has been developed in response to WWMCCS user needs It is estimated that there are currently about 8 000 000 lines of system software code this is maintained at an annual cost of about three million dollars Quantitative data on WWMCCS applications software is presented in Figure 2 3 in several categories Command Unique a generic term which will be used to refer to all software exclusive of the system software and standard applications software has two major components Command Unique-Service Standard refers to software which has been prepared by a Service for several of its sites Command Unique-Site Unique includes the software implementing assigned WWMCCS functions software for command and control capabilities at a site and WWMCCS supportive or other general-purpose software developed at a site for its own use The large number of lines of code estimated for Command Unique-Site Unique includes several major contributors SAC with 2 500 000 lines of code MAC 2 200 000 and TAC 1 000 000 with the rest associated with about 20 different facilities The status and adequacy of the different types of software can be characterized as follows System Software The present system software is largely based on the software architecture and concepts of the late 1960s when it was first produced Although continous improvements have been made it does not provide the full range of user support functions felt to be available and necessary today The government does not own the rights to this software and hence is constrained in the steps it can take in modifying tailoring etc WWMCCS Standard Applications Software Much of this software was developed in independent discrete subsystems or packages for batch processing A major modernization is required to meet growing interactive terminal operations The documentation of this software is generally good 8 oo 1 Li L 0 o o00 000 0 0DQCDC 0- 00-4CD0 40 4 LUaa - I to 39 4 ' 440 Vd 'a C a 0'- to o 4- 'sU to o0 L C r- r_E a CE I a 0 E S- to - 4-3 0 0U 9 -C q_ a E -- 0t O 0 0 0 cU 4 0 -cCa U00 42 -r-CAa I-' to S- to 4-3 rSa 0o U 4- l 4-3 • 0 4- S 4-U a a W w f r e0 S-S t C L-V 4- r_ S L 0 u 4- EA u u m Iý L 0 EU 0'O04-U C a L LCr L 0 WOO M4-M U 0 • U X 0 M -IC c 0 S 0 XI to0 -0 USrI 0 c _co to04- LUJ a S C- U0¢ O 0 U V' A a o cc 41 - 0 4- 9- 1' E - 9 J V a V C _ € 9 0D a - E 4- 0W0 • - 0 CU C cc 4- cm U mZ0 0 CU Hi to A 0- S- CL L U 00 V0 o 0c c E D 5W u V- U Command UniqueService Standard Software This software is generally well documented and generally appears to be providing satisfactory support Some modernization is required however Command UniqueSite Unique With one or two exceptions the documentation is generally poor Good statistics and information concerning its use are not available Duplication of software exists among sites and with commercially available user support capabilities It should be noted that some of the standard applications software is quite old dating from the 1960s and was converted directly from other machines to work with the H6000s when they were installed in the early 1970s This software and much of that written in the early 1970s It is oriented to is badly in need of redesign and reorganization of the system to respond to inhibits the ability processing which batch crisis situations As an indication of the need for modernization it is estimated that 25-50% of the standard applications software the Service standard software and the site unique software requires redesign Limited quantitative data has been collected on the operational utilization of the different types of software As might be expected due to the large differences in site missions there is a wide variation in the software utilization from site to site Air Force sites utilize their WWMCCS ADP for the WWMCCS-supportive major command MAJCOM support processing as well as for command and control processing Navy sites make extensive use of their standard Navy WWMCCS Software Standardization NWSS for Navy command and control functions There is no typical site profile or even a typical day Computer utilization varies markedly from a day-to-day situation to a crisis situation in the former computer loads are time day of month and event oriented Beyond its use for WWMCCS operational functions and WWMCCS-supportive functions sizeable amounts of computer time are spent at most sites for personnel training and for software development evaluation and test Supporting the WWMCCS standard applications software are very extensive data bases Two examples are the Airfield Facilities File and the Unit Status Reporting System data base The former contains just under 60 million alphanumeric characters of information concerning the physical characteristics and available facilities of some 47 000 airfields the latter contains over 75 million characters of information on the status location and capability of US military resources throughout the world Very large command unique data bases are also maintained 10 2 4 Other ADP In WWMCCS In addition to the Honeywell ADP there are many other ADP equipments embedded within or associated with the WWMCCS warning systems and communications links In order to determine which of these should be considered in association with the WIS modernization the following screening criteria were established o general purpose computer o not one-of-a-kind equipment o not fully embedded in or procured as part of a sensor or communications system and o original cost of over $100 000 for hardware and software The six ADP systems which met these criteria are summarized in Figure 2 4 and considered again in Section 5 0 11 ICI i 1 Ln t 0 A 1 0zI en 41 In 0L Cn cu to U 4aC E2Cc 4 In 5 4 0 0 ý w4 a a CL c 4 ar 414JtV lea 41 00 Q 4Ja LI a0 I 041 4 4 E w LLA CL v S 4to c 9 0 -1 W7 0In0n Z n -- 01 In c3 o wo 0- uo -a CM WI 4L 0 04J ua C W cfau 000 aa O L O J -G I Le PýC j C tI 44 41 4W to 4J 0 In L 4- fW CLOa m LL -4 0 LI60 414 V a- CA ' W 1 4J0 00 4 wL V a mO0 4J c ACto a as a at CL a in ai 0 0 a 4-a V m 4 -i a5 oo U - C to CAa 0 0I 0 CA r-U-1 A L 0 t 1 C4- 4J L Ln CL 2ý'Cc #A x w L a uWm 4 4 at-xI cLL aa 01 -W ao-a - -0 C 20 a 5a 0 C n V 4j c o e a 4J 0 0n 4- 0 LILI c - 0 to M In aCLu I-J vao - U I enU 04- a -i aa-1o 0 ca am w 0 41C4 a I C $CL j0 D44J rL to 4JCCL to4 % as Uvim C t I41c Z - to0 i 4 L C U 4-n-iU a c 6u L T L - a7 1IA - wIn c 2 014 L r-n I A0 Ln te z01 Inx a 2- IOL LIn CL03L 8 4 - ' -- C -A- 12 4 3 0 THE MODERNIZATION PROBLEM 3 1 Need The primary ADP hardware in WWMCCS command centers i e H6000 series CPUs was procured beginning in 1970 This computer derives directly from architectures and designs introduced in the early 1960s Since that time ADP architecture and design have evolved through several generations each with improved and expanded capabilities The new series of machines representing each new ADP generation have rather quickly replaced the older versions Retaining these older machines then becomes economically unattractive because of a lack of spare parts higher maintenance costs and a lack of personnel trained to maintain the hardware and system software This replacement process and escalating cost of maintaining older generation machines has been the continuing experience in commercial practice and will also apply to the present Honeywell CPUs in WWMCCS The current expectation is that in 10-15 years there will be few if any H6000s left in commercial service The present Honeywell contract for maintenance and support of existing WWMCCS hardware and system software was signed in June 1980 and is effective for eight years at that time steeply rising H6000 maintenance costs are inevitable In short rapid advances in ADP technology and architecture have created a situation in which the current H6000 hardware and system software badly lag the state-of-the art and commercial practice and are expected to be very difficult and expensive to support logistically within 10-15 years As noted earlier upgrades have been made to both the H6000 hardware and system software over the past 5-10 years in order to satisfy growing user needs and overcome existing problems Computer peripherals have been upgraded and other improvements made Nevertheless system users generally identify the following equipment oriented limitations for early modernization attention o reliability and availability of support equipment power air conditioning and computer peripherals o computing capacity and o flexibility in equipment selection particularly work station equipment 13 Another facet of the problem noted in the previous section is that the WIS is being called upon to play a growing and more critical role in a wide range of WWMCCS operations The growing role which can be expected to continue requires more ADP capacity and capability In the software area problems requiring modernization attention include o inadequate on-line software development and data management tools offered by the system software o major deficiencies in current applications software and o limited range of standard applications software Modernization targets bridging hardware and software include o WWMCCS Intercomputer Network performance o man-machine interface deficiencies i e need for friendly terminals o inadequate fault isolation aids software and hardware and o very constraining security procedures there is no multi-level security system in WWMCCS ADP and WIN operates at a level of Top Secret requiring appropriate security measures for all associated terminals and personnel Consequently a major modernization and enhancement of the current WWMCCS ADP and the entire WIS including the basic information reporting system and its procedures will be required over the next ten years to meet national priorities for situation assessment crisis operations and rapid deployment and support of military forces worldwide Modernization of the ADP hardware alone will not be sufficient to provide the capabilities required for the wide range of WWMCCS functions Redesign and modernization of the major applications software which supports a broad range of functions and users are essential 3 2 Objectives K•y-uey #I zation objectives are summarized as follows 0 improve WIS performance in time-sensitive operations 14 improve WIN performance improve reliability and availability of support equipment power air conditioning facilitate WIS evolution and growth to meet future requirements particularly in the light of changing enemy threats US policy and technological opportunities • modernize and enhance the current capabilities of WIS hardware software and related reporting systems and • improve ADP security controls and if possible achieve multi-level security or an equivalent thereto ýo minimize ADP life cycle costs o minimize the costs of the software conversion 3 3 o recognizing the inherent lack of physical survivability of all fixed command centers in the US and overseas take this modernization opportunity to improve conventional war survivability of ADP support to sites in Europe and elsewhere by locating the modernized ADP in more survivable locations such as remote conventionally hardened facilities or mobile facilities and o take cognizance of the other ADP in WWMCCS and ensure that modernization plans for all the ADP are appropriately coordinated Constraints Several modernization planning and implementation issues are key concerns of the users and deserve to be highlighted as constraints o operationally essential and or cost-effective near-term upgrading and improvements to the WIN computer system and selected software should not be deferred while the longer term modernization is planned and implemented o the modernization must not interrupt or disrupt the continuity of day-to-day operations or the ability to provide support to other levels of conflict 15 o requirements for new facilities e g space power air conditioning etc must be satisfied o attention must be given to the limited number of ADP operators available to operate old and new hardware in parallel during transition and o attention must be given to the operational problems manpower training maintenance space etc created by installing a multiplicity of types of ADP at a site 16 4 0 MODERNIZATION ARCHITECTURE This section summarizes the progress and decisions on the inter-nodal and nodal architecture to be adopted for WIS modernization The first issue addressed relates to the nodal location or distribution of the ADP serving WWMCCS the second issue relates to the type or design of ADP to be installed at each node 4 1 Inter-Nodal Alternatives With advances in ADP and communications technology the users no longer need to be in very close physical proximity to the data processing hardware and can be effectively served by remote terminals and an intercomputer network with due consideration to the costs and reliability of the communications links Accordingly major variations in the physical distribution of the ADP could be considered Specifically the advantages and disadvantages of geographically centralizing the ADP hardware at a small number of sites of regionalizing the hardware say in one or two sites each in the United States Europe and the Pacific or of assigning several locations to accomplish the specialized data processing for various operational missions were all studied The analysis of these inter-nodal architectural alternatives considered the following factors o current and possible future operational concepts o dominance of command unique applications software o growth of software costs over hardware costs o need to achieve flexibility for future growth and changes o acceptability of the system management arrangements and particularly those regarding control over the operation of the hardware to the CINCs and other users o ability to transition from the present nodal orientation to an alternative architecture and o vulnerability and survivability of a centralized regional or functional architecture Thetconclusion was that modernizing the ADP should be done at each of the current operational nodkes thereby providing continuing local processing support for each user except in those instances where the command center or node should be moved or otherwise altered to-obtaia 17 It was also concluded however that the number and type of training development support and back-up nodes or sites should be reviewed 4 2 Nodal Alternatives Architectural attention next turned to the nodal alternatives the choices for modernizing the hardware and software at each node or The first and most site Two basic alternatives were considered direct approach was based on the assumption of a direct one-for-one replacement of all configurations with new hardware and without any The second approach eliminated basic nodal architectural changes these constraining assumptions and explored a new nodal architecture and a phased priority of modernization The first approach with three options was considered in detail It is and rejected as a suitable architecture for WIS modernization outlined below with the reasons for its rejection for completeness Section 4 2 2 then presents the selected approach 4 2 1 Direct One-for-One Replacement Here the assumption was of the same direct one-for-one CPU replacement by one or two large host processors for all configurations accomplished over a minimal transition period For this alternative three generic nodal options were considered o utilization of new software-compatible Honeywell ADP hardware and associated new system software termed enhanced baseline o competitive procurement of new hardware which could emulate the H6000 and hence permit maximum utilization of all current software termed emulation and o competitive procurement of a new hardware family and associated system software with conversion of all existing software termed new competition These three direct replacement options are addressed next Enhanced Baseline Under this option a sole-source procurement would be made to Honeywell for new improved upward-compatible That part of the hardware and the corresponding new system software applications software not requiring modernization would by virtue of the hardware compatibility and use of system software emulation be 18 directly usable the remainder would be redesigned as required Both the current and new hardware would be operated in parallel until the current software had all been converted or demonstrated to operate satisfactorily on the new machine The length of this parallel operation might be several months at each site This option would be capable of providing modern hardware and system software of adequate capacity speed and capability to meet current and future needs The transition would be simplified because of the compatible hardware the software conversion costs would be minimized and the continued use of Honeywell would be consistent with present arrangements However the substantial reduction in software costs and the ease of transitioning would only be achieved at the expense of perpetuating deficiencies of the existing system which require modernization and foregoing fundamental system improvements The sole source approach cannot be expected to minimize hardware costs Further this option offers little potential for solving the very difficult multi-level security problems of the current system It was therefore concluded that a sole source acquisition was not justified and that the enhanced baseline was not an acceptable approach for overall system modernization Emulation Under this option a large machine capable of emulating the current Honeywell system would be competitively selected and all of the currently satisfactory software could be used with a minimum of conversion Unsatisfactory software would be converted to operate without emulation One or more potential emulators were identified The advantages are similar to those of the enhanced baseline with The disadvantages the further advantage of a competitive procurement are also similar but are compounded by the legal questions involved in the emulation of the Honeywell proprietary designs current and future and by the performance and cost uncertainties based on the limited experience with emulation Emulation was judged to have too many uncertainties and constraints and to be counterproductive from the viewpoint of It was rejected as a system continuing modernization and evolution modernization approach 19 New Competition Under this option a competition would be conducted to select a new ADP system which would replace the current H6000s on a one-for-one CPU or configuration basis The new ADP system would reflect the current state-of-the art in hardware and system software The advantages include the competitive approach which should also minimize hardware costs The disadvantage would be a very difficult transition to new hardware and much new software Further initial estimates make it clear that the need to convert all current software to operate in the new system environment would make this approach far more costly than the enhanced baseline option and yet with only limited compensating advantages resulting from a software conversion and redesign While providing an excellent basis for continued modernization and evolution this approach was rejected on the basis of its high software conversion costs and a very disruptive transition 4 2 2 The Selected New Architecture In contrast to the direct similar-treatment one-for-one modernization approaches with no change in nodal architecture a different architectural approach was considered in view of a new ADP technical capabilities and b the identification of several desirable system modernization characteristics and features The technical capabilities relate to distributed computing system designs of a very flexible and modular nature in which smaller Computers dedicated to individual functions or tasks are tied together into an integrated system and communicate by means of a local network This local network facilitates connection of local terminals to any or all of the locally netted computers permits utilization of different computers and provides the possibility of graceful degradation if major equipments other than the local network fail A review of desirable system modernization factors led to the following conclusions Othere is no need for the same or simultaneous modernization or replacement of all of the WWMCCS ADP configurations supporting all functions at all sites Shardware and software standardization is essential for functions common to more than one site but a tailored non-standard approach to modernization of most command unique functions is acceptable where interface standards and data format standards are defined and followed 20 Spriority should be given to those functions whose current performance was less satisfactory and special early attention should be given to the need for providing a very reliable secure high-capacity intercomputer network and associated software and a phasing of the modernization effort would permit the cost and disruption of transition to be broken into manageable pieces Review by the Joint Chiefs of Staff JCS of the current functions of WWMCCS ADP identified four broad sets or families of operational functions common to more than one WWMCCS node or site o Resources and Unit Monitoring o Conventional Planning and Execution o Nuclear Planning and Execution and o Tactical Warning and Space Defense For convenience in the text which follows these will be termed as Resources Conventional Nuclear and Warning respectively A fifth set of general-purpose command center capabilities can be identifi4ed as a family It includes network Slocal for intercommunication among computers terminals etc D data base management system for data base storage retrieval and manipulation o security controls o user support functions 6 message handling and graphics support Further details on the capabilities of these functional families are given in Section 5 0 At this point however it can be noted that the command center capability or family of functions is one which would be required at every WWMCCS site The Resources family and function would be required at most sites and is an operational capability upon which the Conventional family and subsequent families can build Nuclear and Warning capabilities are represented at 21 only several sites each While the discussion which follows is based on the identification of four operational families it is not It is likely that additional families will restricted to that number be identified as operational requirements are identified and further refined With the concept of functional families the modernization of these common functions would generally proceed as follows Seach functional family would be represented by a standard package of hardware and software • each site would install the appropriate functional family packages as required by its operational mission see Section 5 2 Seach standard package could be developed separately and with priorities as appropriate • in so far as possible all packages would use the same standard new hardware system software and utility support capabilities which would be competitively selected and b when developed the packages of standard new hardware and applications software--command center support and the functional families--would be installed in a phased manner at the appropriate sites using the local network to interconnect with the existing equipments when checked-out the associated current standard software capabilities on the present Honeywell systems would be discontinued phasing out CPUs where possible There is no technical requirement for hardware standardization across families but it will be highly desirable if not necessary for It is further recognized logistic training and maintenance purposes that unique computational problems in parts of the Warning and Nuclear families will require special ADP attention and procurement and further that immediate ADP modernization in the Warning family will predate the selection of the new standard hardware and hence preclude its early use ric veýt Sare and software would not receive the same mQ n1ation treatmignt as the functional families --ut would ore treatment alaropriate to the situation Here the focus would bedn continuing the use of as much as possible of the present applications software developed by the Services and sites In parallel with the functional family activities noted above each site would plan 4nd implement the modernization of its command uniquws with 22 assistance from the Services DCA or other appropriate organizations It is recognized that much of the command unique software is an integral and essential part of the command and control capabilities of sites and Services A variety of site and Service factors can be expected to influence the course of action at each site with respect to command uniques In general each site could consider and implement any of the three one-for-one options of Section 4 2 1 stay with the Honeywell equipment with its attendant support problems temporarily employ the emulation alternative if conditions warrant it or use newly selected hardware from the functional families and convert the command unique software accordingly The latter alternative is expected to be the longer-term solution if the sites desire to minimize the types of different ADP hardware which they maintain and operate In any case the command unique hardware should be capable of interconnection with the local network appropriate standards and interface guidelines will be developed and enforced accordingly The modernization of some of the command unique hardware and software will generally proceed in parallel with the implementation of the command support package and operational families the rest could proceed at a different and slower pace Centralized support of Honeywell system software would be continued although there will be a cost tradeoff point beyond which modernization would be more economical than extended support In the handling of the command uniques the Services and especially the Army and Air Force would be encouraged to generate more In addition selected Service standard hardware and software standards for command unique software should be considered Figure 4 1 depicts the relationship between the present architecture and a new nodal architecture indicating the local network and the separation of common family functions and the command uniques By design then the functional family approach with distributed processing and a local network has the following attractive features o it permits phased modernization with priority attention to critical improvements o it provides a modern flexible modular baseline for future growth including the addition of new families o it provides for the separation of common functions from the command uniques 23 C 0-- LL W M CL -Jw Ln 0 - wo L1J- o-0-4 Ln ZZfn 00 0 03- 91 w L LL LJ zu ' 0 I-L occ 0 I- 24 o it provides some isolation among the functional families and permits their separate handling o it permits individual sites more flexibility in the modernization of command unique systems o it will permit easy interfacing of heterogeneous equipment where required multi-purpose use of terminals and more graceful degradation of service in case of equipment failure except for the local network itself There are disadvantages to the functional family approach and Development risk proliferation of different types of some unknowns hardware at a site and a possibility of lengthy parallel operations of current and new equipment are primary concerns security features are not yet fully understood but appear to offer some improvement due to the ability to isolate processing at different security levels in different processors Other issues are discussed in Section 4 4 On balance the advantages of the new architectural approach are It will substantial and it has been selected for WIS modernization however be the subject of further consideration over the coming year This effort will address any alternatives or variations to the approach which further minimize implementation risk reduce possible user disruption lower transition costs by upgrading selected H6000 CPUs or better meet the objectives and constraints of Section 3 0 4 3 Nuclear and Warning Families A major advantage of the new architecture is that all four operational families do not require simultaneous modernization and the methods of handling need not be uniform and may vary from one to another By virtue of the local network the hardware packages of the families can be interconnected and used with the others A review of the current status and requirements of the Nuclear and at- sep arate and individual attention-is n Lie Warning f parUicular it appears that the Nuclear ttime wa rate need immediate attention beyond the present on-going f•d 6•esn activities noted in Figure 2 4 procurement of an additional computer at SAC the implementation of the Joint Cruise Missile Planning System and the installation of ADP in the E-4 and selected EC-135 aircraft In addition a number of theater forces nuclear weapons command control and communications ADP improvements are now being formulated Accordingly a study of the details of further modernization of this family can be deferred 25 On the other hand t hP $fap W mirn n e riia for'A bi _n 0AQPR in _fnin 41and 1Jw4 e $ieof -_M U and the rather special scientific l gty andass-e-swen•aa computational requirements for the space object cataloging problem The functional family approach and the utilization of a local network facilitates this separate attention Accordingly it is appropriate and possible for the near to mid-term upgrading and modernization of the major elements of the Warning family to be treated as a separate problem and one which is not constrained or otherwise affected by the This matter is discussed again other modernization discussed herein in Section 8 0 4 4 Architectural and Transition Issues This section presents several of the key architectural and transition issues which are under study the identification of these issues also serves to highlight the uncertainties in the acquisition schedule and cost estimates presented in Section 6 0 These issues include o the possibility of a site with a small data processing requirement having access to the capabilities of a family by remote terminals alone without implementing the associated hardware and software package o the need to control proliferation of different hardware from different vendors in view of the implications for operator training operator manning and maintenance costs o the optimum phasing or timing of family package installation at each site and requirements for simultaneous operations of present and new hardware o the transition problems of added manpower air conditioning at sites o the selection of a specific local network architecture o availability of multi-level security features and possible impact on the overall modernization schedule o possible adoption of the instruction set architecture being planned by the Army for their military computer family o possible adoption of Ada as a standard WIS higher order language 26 space power and o means of supporting intercomputer networking and remote terminal operations in overseas environments with less-than-optimum communications o desirability of engineering a common remote user terminal network in the US o application and enforcement of national and international data processing and communications standards so as to permit easy interfaces of WIS with other US and allied systems o coordination of WIS modernization plans with those of the NATO and Allied Command Europe and o coordination of WIS modernization plans with those of the major intelligence DoDIIS and communications IASA system efforts 27 5 0 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS Work on the definition of the operational and information system requirements which WIS modernization must satisfy in parallel with the architectural efforts has proceeded The basis for the parallel efforts is discussed below followed by a status report on the requirements definition The work on defining information system requirements will continue over the coming year--subject to the considerations noted below--leading to the ultimate preparation of performance level specifications to be used in the hardware and software procurements 5 1 Approach to Requirements Definition It is not possible at this time in the modernization planning to produce definitive and detailed future operational and information system requirements for WIS which can be used with confidence to procure the necessary hardware and software It is possible to describe current requirements which are reflected in present hardware and software in considerable detail It is also possible to describe the shortfalls or deficiencies of the current system in considerable detail These shortfalls are reflected as requirements to the extent that system upgrades or enhancements are necessary for satisfactory performance An example is the need for better WIS performance in crisis situations However the objective is to design and procure a system which can satisfy needs over the next 10-20 years and it is exceedingly difficult to project these long-term future requirements to which the modernization should be geared It is useful to review some of the reasons for this situation A first point is that requirements is a rather loose term in fact requirements are better thought of as constituting a hierarchy of needs from the very general and abstract down to the very specific For example at least three levels of requirements for WIS can be identified broad attributes functional capabilities and detailed performance Similarly there are successively more detailed levels of physical system detail concept architecture and system subsystem design There is an obvious interplay between adjacent levels in each hierarchy and interaction between corresponding levels in each A second point relates to the difficulty of describing or defining long-term WIS requirements in any great detail This is due to significant uncertainties with respect to the future threats weapons procedures and processes and military missions which may be required to meet the world situation In short it is possible to describe detailed performance requirements for today's needs but at best only broad attributes can be stated with respect to the needs of 10-20 years from now 28 A further consideration in the requirements determination process is the fact that the introduction of ADP has already had and is expected to continue to have a major impact on the way in which command and control is organized broken into functions and implemented Thus requirements for command and control systems involving ADP do not fall neatly into the traditional top down process A serial approach of first stating requirements and then undertaking architectural aspects cannot be rigidly applied here-e-or in other systems with a high dependence on organizational and human aspects Rather a parallel requirements-architecture and feed-back approach is indicated with interaction and feedback at each level of the hierarchies In fact and as noted in Section 4 0 the architectural possibility of local distributed ADP capabilities has already had the impact of reformulating WWMCCS ADP requirements into functional or operational families and to separate common functions from site uniques In summary the WIS requirements definition process must be understood to be one which recognizes the parallel hierarchies of requirements and design with significant interaction and feedback and one in which specificity will necessarily be lacking for the long-term requirements 5 2 Requirements Definition Status In view of the short-term and long-term requirements with differing levels of specificity the requirements definition effort has been organized accordingly Short-term requirements- are' being lsd in identified as needed upgrades to the current syst•ne4 •z ifncreased performance -and system capabili ties Long-term terms-requireitýs are being addressed in terms of basic system' decf-fncies not addressable by upgrades - such as the need to revise reporting system procedures and to redesign applications software for access to more credible information These are being expressed in terms of information requirements and how they relate to revised concepts of operation in the functional families The imminent revision and publication of Annex Bof Volume II of JCS Pub 19 entitled WWMCCS ADP -General Requirements for Post-1985 will Co cepa address this It contains material both in the broad attributes and detailed performance areas A major part of the annex deals with the four operational families and an initial assignment of family capaFigure 5 1 summarizes the stated operational bilities to sites capabilities of the four families Figure 5 2 presents the preliminary identification of the family assignments of the current WWMCCS operational sites JCS is presently considering additional nodes for family capabilities including WWMCCS sites served today only by remote 29 RESOURCES AND UNIT MONITORING 1 Monitor determine and display the status and readiness of all US resources including active and reserve elements and appropriate non-US forces and resources 2 Schedule resource utilization 3 Prepare and disseminate orders and mission instructions 4 Plan operations schedule missions and monitor display operations and mission results 5 Identify and display unit resources facilities communications systems characteristics and capabilities 6 Integrate and display data from systems external to WWMCCS such as environmental and intelligence data 7 Monitor status of actions critical events situations assessment rules of engagement major end items of equipment crisis situations etc 8 Determine net situation assessment and weapon CONVENTIONAL PLANNING AND EXECUTION 1 Generate and refine notional and actual force and resupply requirements and options 2 Generate and refine force movement requirements 3 Generate and refine notional and actual resupply and non-unit personnel movement requirements 4 Merge modify and tailor force requirements and force lists from different plans 5 Merge modify and tailor movement requirements from different plans 6 Merge modify and integrate force resupply and non-unit personnel movement requirements 7 Determine option OPLAN force logistic and transportation availability and feasibility 8 Match and select OPLAN notional force and resupply requirements with real-world forces and actual resources 9 Develop refine coordinate and disseminate appropriate movement tables schedules orders and plans Figure 5 1 Family Capabilities 30 10 Identify force logistic personnel and transportation shortfalls limitations and bottlenecks 11 Rapidly reflow movement requirements and produce flow plans 12 Conduct force logistic personnel 13 Merge movement requirements with channel traffic requirements 14 Monitor the deployment of forces and materiel 15 Monitor the movement of mobilized reserve forces from home station to mobilization station and the movement of non-deploying materiel within the CONUS 16 Monitor the reception and onward movement of deploying forces and materiel within theaters of operation 17 Identify location and status of airlift and sealift assets 18 Provide near real-time crisis management information to include force logistic and movement data 19 Provide information for the coordination of deployment routing over-flight routes and landing rights 20 Provide information for the coordination of air refueling routes requirements timing and schedules 21 Generate notional and actual logistic requirements in selected functional areas to include a civil engineering b non-nuclear ammunition c Petroleum Oil and Lubricants POL d medical and e selected supply classifications 22 Through interfaces with appropriate systems provide for a initial mobilization of reserve forces and the marshalling of logistic resources b identification of the deployability status of deploying forces and c identification of critical logistic resources 23 Incorporate host-nation support 24 Aggregate and summarize requirements and movement information 25 Tailor force list to crisis operations 26 Develop modify and evaluate the feasibility of potential courses of action Figure 5 1 and transportation sensitivity analyses Family Capabilities continued 31 NUCLEAR PLANNING AND EXECUTION 1 Monitor nuclear force status and weapons 2 Plan development and analysis 3 Attack 4 Reconstitute and redirect forces 5 Terminate hostilities and active operations 6 Nuclear weapons information characteristics and capabilities 7 Bomb-damage information 8 Sorties timing routing and target assignment 9 Provide target information strike and damage assessment and residual capability assessment 10 Planning factors and system performance 11 Revise or modify plans 12 Monitor force generation 13 Sortie launch 14 Weapon strike 15 Reconnaissance planning 16 Plan execution 17 Nuclear detonation information 18 Re-targeting TACTICAL WARNING AND SPACE DEFENSE 1 Provide air and strategic missile warning 2 Provide tactical missile warning 3 Support the determination that an attack is in progress and an assessment of the nature of the attack 4 Provide nuclear reconnaissance information for damage assessment 5 Monitor status of nuclear capable forces Figure 5 1 Family Capabilities continued 32 6 Monitor environmental conditions 7 Identify nuclear detonations B Provide damage assessment 9 Communications spot reports 10 Monitor space defense force status and weapons 11 Plan development and analysis 12 Attack strike damage and residual capability assessment 13 Reconstitute and direct forces 14 Terminate active operations 15 Space defense weapon information characteristics and capabilities 16 Intercept effectiveness information 17 Target ephemeris prediction intercept point generation intercept profile determination and target assignment 18 Provide target information 19 Provide hostile weapon information 20 Provide vulnerability information on friendly assets 21 Provide information on available countermeasures to defeat hostile operations 22 Planning factors and system performance 23 Revise or modify plans 24 Monitor force generation 25 Sortie launch 26 Weapon strike 27 Space surveillance system configuration and tasking 28 Plan execution 29 Re-targeting Figure 5 1 Family Capabilities concluded 33 45-3 CL C Uj u V 4 4 0 ý 1 00 01 4- 04- 4- 0 a 004 4J C aa L Cl t4 s- a V 0 0C leLJL C If CC 4 u 0 434 CCC LAc terminals mobile nodes NEACP RDJTF and several test and developAs these broader issues are resolved by JCS ment sites CCTC NCCS detailed functional interface and information requirements analyses are proceeding with emphasis on the Resources and Conventional families The JCS Pub 19 revision will be supplemented in the next year by additional requirements information to be gathered during visits to each of the sites Each site will be asked to express its needs in terms of short-term capability upgrades to the existing system operational information requirements relating to the functional families for long-term needs and any problems that are anticipated for the transition period As part of the further work on the entire requirements hierarchy the following operational issues are being considered o To what degree should logistics be considered as a WWMCCS function or separate family What impact if any should this have on the architecture and modernization planning o Do the NMCS mobiles EC-135 and E-4 constitute a new family o What actions should be taken to improve the survivability of WWMCCS ADP in the European and Pacific theater Should the use of hardened centralized ADP sites with remote terminals be considered o To what extent are changes to the Joint Reporting Structure required How can this best be achieved Can compatibility of the Joint Reporting Structure with NATO reporting systems and procedures be achieved o o Should the Nuclear family be split into two families Planning and Execution or Strategic and Tactical Are other families or subdivisions of proposed families desirable 5 3 - Other ADP in WWMCCS With the definition of functional families for WWMCCS ADP it becomes possible to recategorize the existing ADP in WWMCCS This is done in Figure 5 3 which suggests that this functional breakdown and definition of families should play a strong role in the definition of WIS and in the management and assignment of related responsibilities 35 LJJ LaJ -1 LLJ CDO0 LUJ LLLL X- X UJ ZLLJ 0 0 A 4-3 0S- Lin 0 4J L E 4-G L Mf L 4 -C MI c4 CL CL 4JU ' CL to cm CL 04 C 0W4_ 0 o 'Ar- fl CDM 0 W S 0 ý CL L- O n M nOE 36 I LLJ m-- _g ul' 6 0 ACQUISITION SCHEDULE AND COST This section presents initial estimates of the cost and schedule to implement the modernization approach selected It begins with a discussion of the grouping of the modernization activities into four phases This includes an interim baseline upgrade phase which has the impact of defining modernization as including all associated activities beginning at the start of FY 82 A discussion of planning factors and assumptions is then followed by the schedule and cost estimates It must be emphasized that these are only preliminary order-of-magnitude estimates which are subject to change and are highly dependent on the resolution of issues outlined in Sections 4 4 and 5 2 and on the refinement of the planning factors of Section 6 2 These are all to be addressed in the coming year As noted in Section 5 2 a major source of information in the coming year will be that which results from planned visits to collect detailed data at each of the WWMCCS ADP sites Beyond the operationally oriented material to be addressed these visits will cover such items as o survey of space power air conditioning etc o inventory of command unique software and o interface of command uniques and functional families The result of these visits will be the initiation of modernization planning and transition scheduling for each site 6 1 Modernization Phases For ease in preparing the preliminary estimates of schedules and costs the modernization efforts have been grouped into four phases as indicated in Figure 6 1 and outlined below 6 1 1 seP Wi-neipsrade C 64 Adps to the existing system wil1 constitte the Frst phisegf modernization As an interim step this will cd cit sam 'the major performance shortfalls and attempt to hold down operating costs until the needed major changes are made Projected upgrades include the following WIN enhancements and selected ADP actions 37 Sw w -i p ' 9 4n tA' i Li f-I LAL 0 et S- r wi L6 L1 1 6oLIcm w 6 n 2R-I 38 V b LL WIN As noted earlier a comprehensive program was initiated in 1980 to analyze the performance of WIN to identify those factors causing or contributing to the lack of stability or reliability and to modify acquire or develop capabilities to effect improvements As a result several paths are now being pursued to provide near-term WIN improvements onn 198 In allation -of Newrtrnt'4kF ewea i nlt 1 op twil1-begi 1s subsystem and eiaih h '-o ' to b opee 1 WIX sites witi i t1Iatio '0 This NFE will lessen user dependency on the site host computer thereby improving network access and reliability To provide improved reliability and speed t4_ WIN conmnpnicatiqin wtt e messae switches Interface Message Proce W w' je upgra d•d4starting in the spring of 1982 with all site within five months An improved network monitoring upgra d capabi'lity will be provided in late 1981 so that network problems can be quickly detected and corrected In addition experiments with new equipments to reduce circuit problems related to crypto synchronization are being performed These experiments will be continued in an operational environment Redundant on overseas satellite circuits in February 1981 overseas satellite paths are also targeted to be available by that time and a diversity of overseas satellite paths is anticipated by early 1982 Five additional IMPs are scheduled for delivery starting in February 1981 to be installed as immediately-available replacements should the on-line switches fail at key WIN locations Continued improvements to WIN reliability and efficiency are included in software enhancements scheduled for delivery in Spring and Fall 1981 for the WIN hosts and IMPs ADP Upgrades Upgrades to the current WWMCCS ADP system will be made selectively while the longer-term modernization planning proceeds and acquisition is initiated Candidate upgrades will be reviewed and then approved if responsive to clearly-recognized and operationally-significant needs which must be satisfied before the new hardware software is fully available or if the changes will ease the transition to the longer-term system The fixed price contract used to acquire the current WWMCCS Standard ADP expired in November 1979 As noted in June 1980 a follow-on eight year contract was awarded to Honeywell for the and support of existing hardware and software maintenance continued capabilities This follow-on contract will allow the DoD to continue to support current operational capabilities as well as to pursue the peripheral hardware and system software upgrades and enhancements 39 Duriaha nav u raW41 k c1' itapi of theIEC gytr CaflaiiWAIQ- This software upgrade wifl provOde cl increaseT sty more responsive data query and infor- mation retrieval capabilities improved interactive access to command and control data and better utilization of the upgraded peripheral hardware available under the follow-on contract The WWMCCS contract also offers optional software packages which either replace existing software with improved functional capabilities or provide capabilities not previously available These will be evaluated for possible acqui si ti on Hardware modernization in the FY 82-84 timeframe will continue the replacement of original peripheral equipment that is no lowger available or supported by the vendQo i e tape and disk drives controllers card equipment and on-line printers and begin the acquisition of WWMCCS ADP standard graphics terminals aswell as additional interactive terminals As noted in Section 3 0 there is an increasing awareness of the need to provide continuous and or back-up power supply augmented cooling and air conditioning capabilities redundant communication links and alternate storage and processing facilities These additions will also be addressed To achieve near-term improvements in software performance as well as increased hardware and software reliability may require additional computing capacity at some WWMCCS sites Existing processors H66OOs DN355s will continue to be upgraded where it is shown to be consistent with needed expansion of operational capacity reduced maintenance cost or consistent configuration control 6 1 2 Phase II Conmdot-etev'Support Implementation of the concept of distributed system functions at WIS nodes begins in this phase as the support to command center personnel is enhanced This enhancement comes in the form of increased user support and conwctivity as well as automatic message handling Enhancements will be made with the objective of substantially increasiAg•tiie availability of the system to the user through better accessability and improved reliability Local Network This capability provides connectivity among the WIS functiens at any given node It will provide the physical and logical links among the functions and some degree of control and monitoring of the interactions occurring over the local network Such local networks are becoming increasingly available from commercial sources a competitive selection is planned 40 L Automatic Message Handling AMH I I II I This function provides for the U So IT•ting functions such as the composition coordiha'tion and transmission of messages developed by users and the automated receipt distribution and accounting of messages received by the users Other functions such as maintenance of historical message files on-line preparation of private user-oriented files and gathering of statistics will be included Common User Support This function provides an in•erfa• between the os vst•users and the W• It will take the form ofa family of workstations where each member of the family has different levels of capability Initially this function will support the user's access to the AMH function to the network interface function and to selected applications supported by the H6OOOs As new WIS functions are added the capabilities within the common user support function will be increased so that the user can access the new WIS functions using the existing or upgraded work stations In this way each user will eventually be able to access all WIS functions where it is practical through a single work station 6 •3•Phas• ••••o•ei•4• Implementation of the functional families begins in this phase Functional Family Processin9 This function includes the processing performed to support the appl icati ons software for• each •f the operationa family packages The support for each family will consist of a full range of capabilities including processing data storage and input output devices However the user interface for each family will generally be provided by the common user support capabilities described above Network Accessed Data Base This function will provide a means of allowing selected information at each WIS node to be accessed by other WIS nodes without disruption to the functional family processing Capabilities will include a data management system that is standard among all sites and data storage in common formats at all sites This phase in••he• processing performed to support the com ••••p•a•'s •#tware It includes a full range of capab11Tties including processing data storage and input output devices 41 i II I II U II I I m m J • • I I k e 6 2 Planning Factors Initial modernization cost and schedule estimates are based on a number of assumptions made regarding system scope transition approach and characteristics of the new system The key assumptions are briefly discussed below It is assumed that there will be no additional WWMCCS sites supported by WWMCCS ADP however based on workload estimates it is assumed that six of the sites that are currently supported by terminals connected to remote processing facilities would be upgraded and equipped with standard hardware software packages Based on the discussion of Section 4 3 the cost and schedule estimates do not include or incorporate the impact of modernization of the Warning and Nuclear families other than any transition baseline actions which impact them As regards the Warning family near and mid-term improvements to correct current deficiencies are being planned and are briefly addressed in Section 8 0 Cost and schedule estimates include hardware and software to support command unique processing needs even though most decisions relating to this must be made by the individual commands and or Services Also included in the estimates is automatic message handling even though planning to this point has treated this as a separately-funded program Finally the estimates include separate support facilities for system development and network control Various aspects of an overall acquisition strategy for WIS modernization remain to be fully resolved and these will also impact the cost and schedules Options exist with respect to selection of one or more of the following prime contractor integration contractor hardware and system software contractors and contractors for the standard software packages of the functional families In general schedules and costs are based on the conventional sequential steps of requirements definition performance specification source selection development test and checkout and installation at multiple sites The costs and schedules include all Phase I baseline upgrade actions taken while the new system is under development The assumptions regarding software conversion are summarized in In addition it was assumed that 400 000 lines of new Figure 6 2 code would be written for the functional families Applications software cost estimates were based on utilization of the RCA PRICE S model 42 43 APPLICATION SOFTWARE LINES 0F CODE Thousands ACTION ASSUMED FOR COSTING TRANSLATE Standard REDESIGN Current Systems 1 DISCARD 3 330 37% 53% 10% Service Standard 2 100 54% 36% Site Unique 10% 13 000 67% 23% 10% Figure 6 2 Assumptions for Software Costing All estimates assume that processing support for the functional families is moved to new hardware and software As this is done existing processors will be off-loaded and as many as 40 of the Honeywell CPU's may be removed from the sites once the move is completed The remaining CPUs will be dedicated to command unique processing Of those it is assumed that one-half will still be In use by 1990 while the remaining one-half will have been modernized in equal parts by upward compatible Honeywell CPUs and new standard hardware Using estimates of required data processing loads new equipment configurations were selected for each site for costing purposes These configurations assumed backup or redundancy for all key system elements including power supplies so that system availability to the user would be substantially increased System elements were all assumed to be within the state-of-the-art No survivability development or implementation was assumed beyond the previously mentioned redundancy and backup assumptions and beyond on-going efforts to develop mobile command centers Finally no security controls and safeguards were assumed beyond those that are currently in use or are being tested 6 3 Modernization Schedule Figure 6 3 outlines the modernization schedule through FY 90 MewN command support and functional family capabilities will reach key sites in FY 86 and FY 88 respectiyely Modernization of command site uniqve software is expected to extend into the early 1990s 6 4 Acquisition Cost Estimates Modernization costs are assumed to begin with FY 82 and to extend into the early 1990s Figure 6 4 estimates the acquisition costs combining both RDT E and procurement through FY 90 in FY 81 dollars Including the 250 million dollars which occurs beyond FY 90 the total estimate of the acquisition costs begins at roughly 1 0 billion dollars and extends to perhaps 1 3 billion dollars At this time some 203 million dollars is being requested for WWMCCS ADP in FY 82 Of this some 40 million dollars is for acquisition If this figure is projected over a ten year period the incremental acquisition costs can be estimated to be in the range of 600-900 million dollars 44 L L I- - CO - -j 1WW -4- -L LJ-i L Ln l 4A C 3-' en- Lu - - 3 L L6 j LILA LA- LuJ uid u Lý-j 0C C6 In U6 Lo L U LuJ U m LA 'In L- 43 - E W L u An W bL CgU L - 5 n 45 L CY La 3 -i Cce -J Cf LN L 4n - 4n 4 CC M C fnn 1 6 An co- La a - ini -f IEa I -6 t 0 o L It will be noted that the bulk of the acquisition costs are software-related If the percentage of site-unique software requiring redesign has been underestimated and grew to 50% several hundred million dollars additional would be required It is expected that operations and maintenance costs will rise as multiple machines are operated and maintained at each site and as the system capability expands A very preliminary estimate of the incremental operations and maintenance costs are 400 million dollars over a ten-year period 47 7 0 MANAGEMENT OF WIS PLANNING'AND IMPLEMENTATION To centralize the leadership raise the visibility and provide strong day-to-day line management and fiscal review of all WIS modernization planning and implementation activities including overall life cycle management a WIS Joint Program Manager JPM and supporting staff will be established during FY 81 The goal is to formalize appropriate directives and charters by 1 April 1981 and achieve initial activation by 1 July 1981 As part of its responsibilities for the total WIS modernization activities the JPM will assume cognizance over and-be responsible for the transition from WWMCCS ADP hardware andstandard applications and systems software to the W1 A new system project office will be established by the Air Force for th actual acquisition of the new hardware and software As noted earlier WIS modernization activities are expected to fall into two general categories those hardware and QfWUarek efforts of the functional families'otomnon to a number of V s and command unique activities Standard centrally-develýpedl h ardi es and software paqkages for support of user-determined functlZial requirements will be the responsibility of the P• Responsibility for Service and site unique software efforts would remain with the Services and sites with centralized assistance and coordination by the JPM in both the hardware and software areas The broad relationships of the WIS JPM with other organizations agencies are summarized in Figure 7 1 and discussed below 7 1 Joint Program Manager JPM The civilian channels bilities Services JPM organization will be staffed jointly by military and personnel The JPM would report through normal command to the JCS In view of his special joint responsithe JPM must have a direct relationship and access to the Agencies and JCS JPM responsibilities will include o program management direction and policy implementation o architectural and overall system engineering including preparation of top-level performance specifications to meet requirements at specified by JCS 48 49 SERVICES CINCS IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE AND DIRECTION IMPLEMENTING INCLUDING AIR FORCE SPO Figure 7 1 Management Framework o gui-dance to Services and Agencies regarding the inclusion of WIS in the PPBS process o life cycle management and cost accounting overview o decisions and guidance on priorities and allocation of effort as for example between upgrading and modernization o implementation review o basic acquisition strategy o establishment promulgation and monitoring of technical and interface standards within the WIS and o overall interface definition with other systems e g DoDIIS IASA etc The JPM would progressively assume selected WIS architectural and planning responsibilities now assigned to the WWMCCS System Engineer WSE The JPM may assign specific efforts to WSE who in its assignment of overall system engineering responsibility for the WWMCCS will continue its interest in WIS as a major element of WWMCCS and may undertake related long range planning for WIS A single program element with appropriate suffixes will be established in the budget to include the funding necessary for the planning and acquisition of all WIS-related hardware and software including associated engineering development and implementation activities The JPM will assist in the support of the WIS budget throughout each military department PPBS process and before Following the approCongressional appropriation committees priation of funds by Congress the military departments and DoD agencies will provide funding to the appropriate agency designated by the JPM based upon approved requirements The JPM will annually prepare a one-year and five-year plan to include appropriate funding information and estimates 7 2 Joint Chiefs of Staff JCS Broad overview and policy guidance for WIS modernization will be provided by JCS The JCS will validate the operational requirements of the Services CINCs and other users and will also formally review the JPM-produced plans to ensure that they adequately meet those requirements 50 Two Functional Project Managers FPMs will be established within the JCS to coordinate community-wide reporting system activities and system development for the Resources and Conventional functional families Each FPM will develop community-wide information requirements prioritize them and forward them to the JPM after validation by the JCS for inclusion in appropriate PPBS documents 7 3 Office of the Secretary of Defense OSD OSD primarily the Assistant Secretary of Defense Communications Command Control and Intelligence ASD C 3 l will provide programmatic review and guidance OSD will review the technical and management plans of the JPM submitted through the JCS 7 4 Implementation The JPM will provide implementation direction and guidance for WIS modernization Plans of the various implementing organizations will be reviewed and coordinated with the JPM to ensure this guidance and direction is followed The Air Force will establish a new system project office wtLqch will have the primary procurement and acquisition resposibUities for new WIS hardware and system software modernization This will include o detailed architectural and engineering support o preparation of detailed hardware and system software specifications o procurement and acquisition o configuration control o preparation of training and logistic support plans and a preparation of plans for and supervision of execution of test and evaluation activities In addition to this new project office other common hardware software implementing agencies will include DCA CCTC in its role of supporting the current ADP 51 8 0 ADP FOR TACTICAL WARNING AND ATTACK ASSESSMENT COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS The design and performance of tactical warning and attack assessment systems require special and priority attention since these systems must quickly and accurately process sensor data from several sources and provide high-confidence warning information essential for the national defense to the National Command Authorities CINCNORAD and CINCSAC The ADP associated with the command and control aspects of these systems plays a very key role in their performance This ADP -- as distinguished from the data processing integral to the sensors-is in urgent need of immediate upgrading and modernization both to correct present shortcomings and to support new and improved sensor and communication systems to be implemented in the mid-1980's Special steps are being taken to modernize this ADP which essentially comprises the Tactical Warning and Space Defense functional family noted earlier The flexible nature of the functional family approach to WIS modernization allows the special technical attention to this tactical warning ADP at the associated WWMCCS command centers without it being constrained or otherwise affected by that approach This section outlines the management approach and projected scope of the ADP modernization for the command and control portions of two key tactical warning and attack assessment systems the NORAD Missile Warning and Space Surveillance System and the Command Center Processing and Display System The general need for upgrading specific systems is addressed as opposed to presentation of detailed solutions for implementing the upgrades These specific solutions are not yet available but will be the culmination of the requirements definition process being initiated for these required upgrades 8 1 Acquisition Management On 1 Jan 1981 in response to recognized important and specialized management needs the Air Force established a Tactical Warning and Attack Assessment System Integration Office at the Aerospace Defense Command to be responsible for the architecture and system engineering of the overall tactical warning and attack assessment system including associated command and control ADP In particular the System Integration Office is to ensure that the command and control system ADP is technically integrated in the overall system and will establish technical engineering policy and standards necessary to safeguard the overall tactical warning and attack assessment integrity The System Integration Office will address the technical integration and certification of the ADP subsystems to operate within the total system This Office is presently in the formative stage and will shortly undertake to prepare the detailed architectural and technical studies and support efforts 52 The acquisition of major upgrades to the NORAD Missile Warning and Space Surveillance System and the Command Center Processing and Display System will be managed by the Air Force Systems Command The Aerospace Defense Center the Strategic Air Command and the Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff have the responsibility to specify the operational requirements for these two systems 8 2 NORAD Missile Warning and Space Surveillance System This system provides CINCNORAD CINCAD with the capability necessary to exercise command and control over assigned forces and to provide the National Command Authorities and the other unified specified commands with essential time-critical tactical warning and attack assessment information The major ADP components of this system are the Communications System Segment and the Core Processing Segment 8 2 1 Communications System Segment The Communications System Segment CSS provides automated message processing and communications technical control The ADP equipment supporting these functions today includes six Data General NOVA 840 computers and two Honeywell H6050 computers The CSS is the single most critical element in the NORAD Cheyenne Mountain Complex since it is the control point of all internal and external communications New requirements are being levied upon the CSS which will increase central processor utilization to the point where the system is expected to become input output and processor limited during periods of-peak message processing This projected increase in communications workload includes the addition of new sensor inputs and new protocols As an example approximately 50-75 new or upgraded circuits are planned for input to the NORAD Cheyenne Mountain Complex within the next five years Two initiatives are in progress to accommodate the near term impact of these new communications requirements The first involves an upgrade of the Honeywell H6050 computers This upgrade planned for mid-1981 will upgrade the central processor and memory to improve system throughput in order to accommodate the projected communications circuit requirements The second initiative involves the development of a CSS missile warning bypass capability for critical missile warning data to the NORAD Computer System see Section 8 2 2 below if the CSS fails This missile warning bypass is expected to be operational in late 1982 53 The longer term post 1985 plans for the communications processing functions include the need for an evolutionary replacement of the entire CSS This will involve the development of a new architecture for the CSS which employs distributed processing technology This approach will be accomplished in two phases The first phase will provide independent and highly reliable communications processing support for the real-time circuits supporting the missile warning functions The new system will provide the architectural basis for easy adaptation to change will effectively separate the real-time message processing from common user message processing and provide the basis for the application of distributive processing technology for the remainder of the communications processing functions This phase is planned to be operational in 1986 The second phase of the evolutionary replacement process for the CSS will extend the distributed architecture to include the functions of technical control and common user message processing This architectural basis will provide enhanced performance marked increases in availability and maintainability and a life cycle far in excess of It is anticipated that this that offered by the existing CSS design capability will be implemented in the 1989-1990-time frame 8 2 2 Core Processing Segment The Core Processing Segment CPS handles the functions of missile warning and space surveillance with three Honeywell H6080 computers the NORAD Computer System NCS H6080 which supports the command and control and missile warning functions the SPADOC Computational Center SCC H6080 which supports the space surveillance mission and a third H6080 which is used for operational backup to either the NCS or the SCC The Honeywell H6080 currently used for the Core Processing Segment SPADOC Computational Center processing function does not efficiently handle the demanding scientific computational workload Development of satellite attack warning and weapons capabilities will necessitate the maintenance of much higher accuracy satellite data element sets and a significant increase in the number of objects maintained in the precision accuracy group is anticipated This projected computational load is beyond the current system capacity Rapid response and increased availability will be required to process new foreign launches suspected satellite maneuvers and possible spaceborne threats These tasks are key factors which make the upgrading of the existing ADP a primary requirement This replacement is planned for acquisition in late 1982 with an operational capability in the NORAD Cheyenne Mountain Complex in late 1986 54 A Honeywell H6080 system is also used for the Core Processing Segment NORAD Computer System NCS functions of real-time receipt processing display and output of missile warning data nuclear detonation reporting atmospheric surveillance and warning and weapons and sensor system status The NCS functions require an operating system oriented toward simultaneous processing of multiple real-time tasks in order to support the dynamic nature of the tactical warning and attack assessment mission Replacement of the existing computer system will provide improved efficiency and timeliness in processing tactical warning information and at the same time support the necessary command and control functions relating to status reporting and operations plans development The replacement for the NCS is planned for acquisition in 1984 with an operational capability in the NORAD Cheyenne Mountain Complex in late 1987 8 3 Command Center Processing and Display System CCPDS This system consists of dedicated UNIVAC 1100 42 computers software display control elements consoles and associated system support hardware at NORAD SAC the National Military Command Center NMCC and the Alternate National Military Command Center ANMCC Currently data is received at each of the four CCPDS sites directly from the Satellite Early Warning System SEWS and directly from the PAVE PAWS sensor systems The NMCC ANMCC and SAC also receive data indirectly from the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System BMEWS Sea-Launched Ballistic Missile SLBM Detection and Warning System COBRA DANE and the Perimeter Acquisition Radar Attack Characterization System PARCS as well as SEWS and PAVE PAWS data by way of NORAD In 1977 HQ USAF approved the acquisition of UNIVAC 1100 42s to replace the original UNIVAC 1106s at the four CCPDS sites as a means of satisfying the increased processing requirements generated by additional and improved warning systems In delegating the procurement authority for the UNIVAC 1100 42 acquisition the General Services Administration initially authorized a four-year interim upgrade with a requirement that the interim system be replaced with a competitive acquisition by 1981 The Delegation of Procurement Authority for the interim system was subsequently extended to August 1986 The Air Force is now performing a hardware sizing analysis of the system to determine the technical specification for the competitive acquisition The contract award for the acquisition is scheduled for 1983 with the operational date for the four sites to occur in mid-1986 55 8 4 Schedules and Cost The present broad schedules for the ADP modernization are shown in Figure 8 1 The estimated cost for the associated ADP acquisitions are as fol 1ows $M FY82 FY 83 FY84 FY 85 FY 86 FY 87 1 7 27 2 91 5 44 4 30 4 14 7 Detailed plans costs and schedules will be the responsibility of the Air Force with inputs from the new System Integration Office 56 44 V - Go U V -i C3C CDW I- to L CA D- 0 IW AM0 CLa- L UU 57 u4 W 9c 0L L L1L GLOSSARY A ADCOM ADP AFB AFDSC AFS AMH ANMCC AOC ASD C 3 I ATC AU AUTODIN AWC Aerospace Defense Command Automatic Data Processing Air Force Base Air Force Data Services Center Air Force Station Automatic Message Handling Alternate National Military Command Center Army Operations Center Assistant Secretary of Defense Command Control Communications and Intelligence Air Training Command Air University Automatic Digital Network Air War College B Bks Barracks C C3 S CCPDS CCTC CINC CINCAD CINCEUR CINCLANT CINCNORAD CINCPAC CINCSAC COMUSK CONUS CPS CPU CSS Command Control and Communications Systems JCS Command Center Processing and Display System Command Control Technical Center Commander-in-Chief Commander-in-Chief ADCOM Commander-in-Chief Europe Commander-in-Chief Atlantic Commander-in-Chief NORAD Commander-in-Chief Pacific Commander-in-Chief SAC Commander US Forces Korea Continental United States Core Processing Segment Central Processor Unit Communications System Segment D DCA DoD DoDIIS Defense Communications Agency Department of Defense DoD Intelligence Information System 58 E EUCOM European Command F FORSCOM FY Forces Command US Amy Fiscal Year IASA IDHS IMP Integrated AUTODIN System Architecture Intelligence Data Handling System Interface Message Processor J JCS JDA JPM JSTPS Joint Joint Joint Joint Chiefs of Staff Deployment Agency Program Manager Strategic Target Planning Staff L LANTCOM LANTFLT Atlantic Command Atlantic Fleet M MAC MAJCOM MTMC Military Airlift Command Major Command Military Traffic Management Command N NATO NAVEUR NCC NCCS NCS NEACP NMCC North Atlantic Treaty Organization Naval Forces Europe Naval Command Center Navy Command and Control System NORAD Computer System National Emergency Airborne Command Post National Military Command Center 59 NMCS NORAD NWSS National Military Command System North American Air Defense Command Navy WWMCCS Software Standardization 0 OPLAN OSD Operation Plan Office of the Secretary of Defense P PACAF PACFLT PACOM PACWRAC PPBS Pacific Air Forces Pacific Fleet Pacific Command PACOM WWMCCS Regional ADP Center Planning Programming and Budgeting System R RDJTF RDT E REDCOM Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force Research Development Test Evaluation Readiness Command S SAC SCC SHAPE SlOP Strategic Air Command SPADOC Computational Center Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Single Integrated Operational Plan T TAC U USAFE USAREUR USEUCOM USFK USREDCOM Tactical Air Command we US US US US US Air Forces Europe Army Europe European Command Forces Korea Readiness Command 60 W WIN WIS WSE WWMCCS WWMCCS Intercomputer Network WWMCCS Information System WWMCCS System Engineer Worldwide Military Command and Control System 61 UNCLASS IF I ED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE WMhen Data Bntere_ REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 2 GOVT ACCESSION NO T REPORT NUMBER 4 TITLE and Subtitle 3 RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER S TYPE OF REPORT PERIOD COVERED Final MODERNIZATION OF THE WWMCCS INFORMATION SYSTEM WIS 6 PERFORMING ORG REPORT NUMBER 7 AUTHOR a 1 CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER n 9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10 PROGRAM ELEMENT PROJECT TASK AREA WORK UNIT NUMBERS WWMCCS System Engineering Defense Communications Agency Washington 71 D C 20305 REPORT DATE 12 CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 19 Jan 1981 IS 14 MONITORING AGENCY NAME AODRESS I dlfferent from Controlling Office NUMBER OF PAGES IS SECURITY CLASS of this report Unclassified IS DECLASSIFICATION DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE 16 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT of thlil Report Approved for public release distribution unlimited 17 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT of the abstract antered In Block 20 It different from Report IS SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19 KEY WORDS Continue on reverse aide If neceeemay and Identify by block number Worldwide Military Command and Control System WWMCCS WWMCCS Information System WIS Automated Data Processing ADP Command and Control C2 2a ABSTRACT rCmtieue m reeeabb N nermeesey moddeatify by block number The growing use of WWMCCS ADP and increased operator experience however have highlighted certain deficiencies in the present information In system especially in its support of time-sensitive crisis applications addition rapid advances in ADP architecture and in hardware and software technology have created a situation in which the installed Honeywell hardware and system software are becoming technically obsolete Moreover it is anticipated that the current system will become increasing difficult and D FORM ImJArY 73 173 IMnrTow OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE C INCLASS OFTI ED SKC UItTY CLASSIFICATION' OF THIS PAGSE Mabn Data Enterod