OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 1400 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON DC 20301-1400 2 4 1937 PUBLIC AFFAIRS RefDear Ms Welsh This responds to your May 12 1997 Freedom of Information Act FOIA request addressed to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA Our June 16 1997 interim response refers The enclosed document is provided by DARPA as responsive to your request Mr R H Register Deputy Director for Management DARPA an Initial Denial Authority has determined that the deleted portion must be withheld because its release 'would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of the personal privacy of an individual Accordingly this information has been withheld pursuant to Title 5 USC 552 You have a right to appeal Mr Register's decision to withhold portions of these records Any such appeal should offer justification to support an additional release and must be -received in this Directorate within 60 calendar days of this letter's date Our address is Directorate for Freedom of Information and Security Review Room 2C757 1400 Defense Pentagon Washington DC 20301-1400 Due to the size and complexity of the Department of Defense there is no central repository for all records This Directorate is responsible for responding to requests for records of the components of the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Joint The several components of the including the military departments and'separate defense agencies operate their own Freedom of Information offices to respond to requests for records for which they are responsible These proceduresrare'provided in DoD Begulation 5400 7-R as published at 32 CFR 286 DARPA advises that records possibly responsive to your request may be under the cognizance of the Office of Naval Research ONR Accordingly your request has been referred to ONR for processing and direct response to you at the following address Office of Naval Research Ballston Centre Tower One 800 N Quincy St Room 207 Arlington VA 22217 5660 Sincerely H Passarella Director Freedom of Information and Security Review Enclosures As stated 907 7 CYBERNETICS TECHNOLOGY DIVISION REPORT Program Title Close Coupled Man Machine Systems Research Biocybernetics Program Element s 61101E 62709E ARPA Order No s 3053 329% 3306 3330 3510 DARPA Agent ONR Directorate of Research Programs Sciences Division Prepared by Ju ith Ay es Daly Program Manager Date Reviewed by Ray E Chapman Directo ro ram Management Date 23 I DARPA Technical Agent Key Program Manager and Phone Number ONR - Don woodward 696v4257 Approved r Craig ds Assistant irector for Cybernetics Technology Date Approved Hobart R Possum Director DAR A Date ZJ ji 877 Program Title Biocybernetics Program Objectives and Technical Need The Biocybernetics Program was-launched in FY74 A preliminary meeting of the Principal Investigators was held in 1973 The Program's purpose is well expressed in its initial title Close-Coupled Man Machine Systems The Program's goal was to develop new communication links between man and computer-assisted systems These links it was hoped would enhance a man-machine system ability to perform its goals This effort was seen as complementary to the main thrust of the development of computer applications in man machine systems In the main the traditional goal has been the development of tools that can take over some of the operators' functions by providing substitutes that can perform a large variety of functions This prosthetic approach includes a diversity of developments from the development of power steering mechanisms for efficient control of mechanical devices to the implementation of sophisticated Artificial Intelligence The Biocybernetics Program was based on the presumption that no matter how wide spread and successful the application of computer-based prosthetic devices the operator will not be eliminated Therefore in all such systems success will ultimately depend on the interaction between man and the mechanical contrivances which surround him in the man machine system Interaction between man and machine implies two-sided communication There is however a gross asymmetry in the bandwidth of the communication from the machine to the Operator and the bandwidth from the operator to the machine The machine can use any number of diSplays and at very marginal cost it can saturate these with enormous masses of data The communication fron the operator to the machine on the other hand is restricted to a small number of limited capacity communication channels the use of most of which is constrained by the capacities of the Operator and by the fact that competition in the of tasks is detrimental to overall perfonnance The Biocybernetics Program therefore attempted to explore the possibility of innovative uses of machine technology for increased human performance Some of the t0pics to be examined were 1 Direct man machine communications through bio-electric signals instead of traditional 1 0 or voice recognition and speech analysis for enhanced command and control Could the brain make advantageous use of order of magnitude or greater increase in rate of information flow To what extent can the brain act as time-shared or parallel processor How far can non-invasive interfaces lead Research and end products presumably were to involve only intact humans Could same technology be applied to similar enhancement of man man communications perhaps by a central machine processor 2 Machine monitoring of individuals in groups to assess continuously momentary states of such attributes and functions as vigilance fatigue emotional state decision making perception and general cognitive ability When the Biocybernetics Program began the relevant data base consisted of the entire body of literature This literature is concerned with manifestations of physiological activity that can be recorded from the intact human and with inferences that can be made from such recordings about states and events While this work provided a useful substrate for the Biocybernetics Program and identified in a useful fashion the broadening areas of research the Program treaded largely virgin territory because electrOphysiological research was concerned primarily with the recording and analysis of physiological responses that seemed particularly sensitive to the changes in the arousal state of the subject rather than with specific cognitive activity The technology of did not permit ready application of the on-line real time analytical techniques that were necessary conditions for the implementation of closely coupled man machine systems Program Description and Evolution In general the program plan was designed to Identify signals which are promising candidates for serving as biocybernetics communication channels Implement on an experimental basis in laboratory circumstances models of biocybernetics communication channels using in several different laboratories different indicators Develop the analytical and computer techniques necessary for extending the power of these biocybernetic communication channels so that real time on-line closed 100p implementation could become feasible Through evaluation of the experimental laboratory research choose one of several signals and try to implement a realistic closed loop biocybernetics channel Identify DOD efforts in which a need for biocybernetics communication channels is most clearly realized and try to transfer the achievements- of the program into implementations within the DOD context Specifically major efforts in the program and associated technical approaches were Harvard University The Use of Electromyography to Implement 2 Silent Fast Typewriter The-purpose of this prEEect was to develop a technique for increasing the speed with which individuals can input text into a computer system The intent was to develop a conmunication device utilizing submovement EMG from the finger thumb muscles that have been associated with alphabetic stimuli University of California at Los Angeles The Application of Pupillometry Towards the Estimation of Momentary Infonnation Processing Load 2 Mental Effort Associated with Various Functions and Tasks The diameter of the pupil can be measured using C 8 photographic techniques and application of computer processing to the video signal recorded from the pupil Small changes in the diameter of the pupil are induced by the imposition of processing tasks on the subject The amplitude of the pupillary response seems to be a good measure of the amount of effort required by the task The UCLA project intended to validate these claims and to develop techniques that will provide the basis for computer identification of momentary shifts in cognitive function University of California at Los Angeles Direct Brain-Computer Coupling Via Brain Responses This project as several of the others listed below focused on the study of event related brain potentials This channel became amenable to study only a few years before the inception of the Biocybernetics Program and its potential utility in the analysis of cognitive and sensory responses became evident just as the program was beginning The UCLA effort focused primarily on the utilization of early exogenous or sensory event related brain potentials and their utilization in the biocybernetics communications system A substantial component of the effort at UCLA was focused on the developnent of novel data analytic techniques that will permit an on-line real time utilization of these components Of particular interest was the degree to which it would be possible to detennine which color was used to stimulate a subject and which part of the retina was stimulated at any given time The use of non-linear multi-dimensional statistical techniques was also emphasized University of RocheSter Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates of Stimulus Meaning This project aisa focused on event-related potentials and was designed essentially to test the hypothesis that the location of specific words in a multi-dimensional mapping of meaning provided by Osgood is reflected by the brain response to the stimulus It was believed that it would be possible to identify the effective value of stimuli to a subject by a proper analysis of the event-related brain potentials University of Illinois The Vocabulary of Event Related Brain Potentials and its Application in the Cockpit and CAI Environment This prdj tt made the fellowing assumptions In online man-machine systems the rate and amount of data transmitted from the computer to man exceed by several orders of magnitude the rate and amount of data which can be transmitted from man to the computer Human information processing HIP is considerably more extensive than is revealed by overt responses at any instant Aspects of HIP manifest themselves externally by affecting peripherally recordable signals such as the electroencephalogram Event-related potentials ERPs which can be extracted from the EEG using standard signal averaging procedures are a particularly powerful manifestation of information processing activities The ERP consists of a series of components each representing the activities of neuronal cell pepulations each playing some particular role in the sequence of processing activities Changes in the amplitude and latency of each of these components are systematically related to changes in the information processing activities which these components manifest It is possible using pattern recognition procedures to detect and 9 measure these conponents following a single occurrence of any event once the waveform of the component has been determined Finally it was assumed that it will be possible to utilize the data about the operator conveyed by these components as information useful for the optimization of system operation Stanford Research Institute Inferring Words from Electrical Brain Activity This project assumed that Specific words when thought By the Subject will have distinguishable correlates in the on-going EEG activity recorded from the scalp Should this prove the case a clear implementation of a communication channel would result Stanford Research Institute The Use of Hemispheric Imbalances as an Indication of Cognitive Style and Cognitive EFOject derived from the assumption that there is a complementary specialization of the two hemispheres and that this functional asymmetry can be revealed by EEG recording It was further assumed that individual variability in the degree of asymmetry reflects a capacity to deploy resources in the service of tasks The project plan called for the developnent of procedures for teaching subjects through biofeedback techniques to enhance EEG asymmetry In parallel it was planned to assess the degree to which Spontaneous alterations in the degree of asymmetry are functionally relevant The Naval Health Research Center San Diego CA omputer Monitoring of Physiological States to Aid in Maintenance of Effective Human Perfonnance l is was a component of thE program in which focus on alertness during prolonged periods of Operations was maintained The hope was that a system could be develOped to identify or predict performance lapses from data Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Utilization of Magnetoencephalography MEG asia Biocybernetics ChannelT ' The development of super-conducting conductors made it possible to record the magnetic activity or cortical tissue This recording - system provides a number of advantages over the traditional electroencephalographic recording techniques though at a cost of very expensive and cumbersome electrodes This project was to detennine the utility of the MEG by identifying the information content of the MEG and the manner in which it might differ from the infonnation content of the EEG Directions for future technological develOpment that would make the technique practical were also to be explored Stanford University The Combined Utilization of Movement Monitoring with Alpha Analysis for Perfonnance Enhancement This project a cooperative effort between Stanford Univeristy and was directed toward the enhancement of human learning enphasizing the study of scanning and storing techniques associated with superior recall and recognition Scientific Applications Incorporated Arlington VA The Im lementation of a Biocybernetic Channel in Realistic nvironments This effort which was initiated quite late in the History of this program was undertaken in order to test some of the accomplishments of the program achieved in university laboratories within the more realistic setting of DOD projects The group had two assignnents 1 To survey the DOD environment for promising sites for the application of biocybernetics techniques and 2 to test the utility of biocybernetics within a message sorting environnent - It should be noted that while all of the above projects have been supported at one time or another within the framework of the Biocybernetics Program only a small number of these were supported from the inception of the program to its termination As the program proceeded several projects were phased out several projects were greatly expanded and several projects were added Furthermore while the entire program was conceived of as a five year project only the project at the University of Illinois was supported for the entire period This checkered history reflected programmatic organizational and personnel changes at DARPA These considerations must be taken into account when evaluating the relative success or failure of this program Scientific and Technical Results and Accomplishments Despite the instability referred to above and the large-scale withdrawal of support from the program at a number of critical junctures the program has been largely successful in achieving at least a number of its goals Of particular relevance is the major impact that this program has had on the study of event-related brain potentials and its application to Human Engineering The major support this program has provided to the study of brain potentials has produced an enormous increment in the understanding of the endogenous components of the human evoked response The enphasis on real time on-line analysis has propelled the develOpment of applications of multivariate statistical techniques to single trial analysis of the amplitude and latency of event-related brain potentials within this context the utility of techniques in general and of event-related brain potentials in particular within the framework of studies of man machine interactions has undergone a major change These developments came at a time in which traditional techniques for analyzing human performance in man machine systems are undergoing a crisis Conventional techniques used for assessing workload and human capacity are widely perceived to be in need of substantial augmentation The procedures developed within the framework of the Biocybernetics Program seem to match many of the needs that are developing within the Human Engineering community Specific accomplishments include 1 A very detailed understanding of several of the endogenous components of the human evoked reSponse Particular emphasis has been on the P300 component and associated activities which seem to be a unique response of the system to surprising task relevant events The latency of the P300 has proven to be a good measure of categorization time while the amplitude appears to be a useful index of subjective probability assigned to the eliciting events and of the relevance of specific events These attributes of the P300 make it a useful indicator of the direction of attention of an individual within a complex task and of the probability which is assigned to environmental events 2 A detailed analysis of the applicability of several multivariate statistical techniques to event-related potential research has been undertaken within the framework of the program Both through the activities of several of the investigators and in a number of workshops sponsored by the program the multivariate problems associated with the analysis of the enormous data masses that are obtained in evoked response experiments and the specific needs induced by the importance of single trial techniques in realistic applications have led to the selection of several procedures and their implementation within the context of closely coupled man machine systems 3 Several laboratory examples of closely coupled man machine systems have been implemented in particular at the UCLA projects and in the University of Illinois The University of Illinois in particular has been able to develop a small portable package for the conduct of biocybernetic experiments within fairly complex field environments The major importance of this accomplishment has been its impact on the transfer of biocybernetic technology to other DOD organizations 4 Several of the other methodologies that have been evaluated by the program have proven quite promising In particular this is true of pupillometry and magnetoencephalography In neither case has the technique been supported to the point that it could be incorporated in a true laboratory demonstration of closely coupled man machine systems However the basic scientific findings are important and can serve as a substrate for the development of additional biocybernetic channels Applications and Considerations for the Future The Biocybernetics Program has had an important impact on the field of Human Engineering The concepts underwritten by the program and the findings developed within its framework have been received with considerable interest in the Human Engineering community As noted above the attempt has met the contemporary need to deveIOp new paradigms for workload assessment The most direct evidence of the interest in the program is the fact that support for the research of its major contractor the University of Illinois' Cognitive Laboratory has been transferred to the Air Force the Office of Naval Research The Environmental Protection Agency and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Several other DOD agencies are examining with interest the possibility of developing biocybernetically-oriented research programs Most of the investigators supported by this program are continuing their work with support from DOD and other federal agencies mostly NSF and HEN It is difficult to evaluate what would have been the impact of the program had the originally planned levels of support been maintained throughout the life of the program The liberal and continued support to the University of Illinois has yielded useful results Had similar support been forthcoming to some of the other projects it is quite likely that in some at least major progress would also have been achieved The major unfulfilled objective of the Biocybernetic Program has been the active implementation of a closed loOp man machine system within a realistic environment There are two reasons for this failure First financial constraints necessitated reduction of funding for that phase of the program Thus no one was in an active position to conduct the evaluation Second the actual implementation of a closed circuit biocybernetic channel requires a very substantial increment in investment relative to the modest costs of laboratory research Such a demonstration -at this time would not have yielded'scientific results of value commensurate with their costs It appears that continued laboratory research would provide a higher yield per dollar invested An important consideration in evaluating the Biocybernetic Program is the fact that its results can be judged not only in terms of the goals specified for the program in terms of missions but also in terms of their scientific value The program has had a major impact on the field of and has brought the interest in the cognitive related components of the human ERP to a depth and breadth that would not have been achieved without the program's support A perusal of the bibliography in the following section will indicate that a large number of publications have appeared in the Open refereed scientific literature This fact attests to the scientific quality of the program Program Impact and Assessment 3 Technology Developed The program impact on its primary target the Human Engineering community can perhaps be assessed best by considering the proceedings of a workshop managed by McDonnell-Douglas for CTO that was held in Chicago Illinois in 1978 The workshop convened many representatives of the DOD research and development community with many of the investigators supported by this program The intent was to present the program's results to the field to evaluate these results and to foster where apprOpriate collaborative research The workshop proved a success The details are presented in the following reports a Gomer F E Beideman L Levin S The application of biocybernetic techniques to entrance pilot performance during tactical missions McDonnell Douglas Corporation Report 1979 b Gomer F E Biocybernetic Applications for Military Systems Proceedings of the DARPA Conference Chicago 1978 St Louis McDonnell Douglas Corporation in press c Gomer F E Youngling E w Electrophysiological applications to human factors problems in military settings Human Factors Society Bulletin 1978 21 8 1-3 One index of the success of this workshop and of the interest in the products of this program is the fact that as a consequence of the Chicago workshop the Airline Pilots Association organized in Washington D C a two day workshop on Advances in workload study that focused on the results of this program This meeting whose proceedings were also published Proceedings of the Symposium on Man-System Interface Advances in Workload Study Air Line Pilots Association Washington D C 1978 attracted a large audience from DOD the Aircraft industry and interested government agencies The reception of the program's results was very favorable and several ongoing projects had their inception in these two meetings As for technology assessment the jury is still out The results will emerge after current activities conducted in conjunction with the Air Force and the Navy can be evaluated The scientific results reported by the investigators in this program are holding up very well under the usual scientific scrutiny Whether the technology will indeed be available for use in real-life remains to be seen BIBLIOGRAPHY A Harvard University The Use of Electromyography to Implement a Silent Fast Typewriter E University of California at Los Angeles The Application of Pupillometry Towards the Estimation of Momentary Information Processing Load or Mental Effort Associated with Various Functions and Tasks Beatty J Pupil dilation as an index of workload In Proceedings of the Symposium on Man-System Interface Advances in Workload Study Washington D C Air Line Pilots Association 1978 Beatty J Pupillometric and EEG indicators of operator workload In F Gomer Biocybernetics and man machine systems McDonnell Douglas in press Ah rn 5 Beatty J Physiological signs of information pro- cessing vary with intelligence UCLA Technical Report #17 15 December 1978 Beatty J Wagoner B L Activation and Signal Detection A Pupillometric Analysis Human Neurophysiology Laboratory Technical Report 1 August 1977 Beatty J Pupillometric Assessment of Decision Processes in the Detection of Weak Acoustic Signals in Noise Human Neurophysiology Laboratory Technical Report 1977 C University of California at Los Angeles Direct Brain-Computer Coupling via Brain Responses Vidal J J Neurocybernetics and Man-machine Communication Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society San Francisco September 1975 421 442 Vidal J J Real- time detection of brain events in EEG Proceedings Special issue on biological signal processing_and analysis 1977 65 633 641 Vidal J J a Helfebein E D transforms of event- related potentials Toward an optimal re-expression of the data Proceedings of the Nato Symposium on Event-Related Potentials in Man Applications and Problems Konstanz Germany August 1978 Hickman R A neurocybernetic approach to man-machine communica- tion Proceedings of the 16th San Diego Biomedical Symposium San Diego February 1977 D University of Rochester Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates of Stimulus Meaning 10 Chapman R M Language and evoked potentials In D A Otto Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Event-Related Brain Potential Research U 8 Government Printing Office WAshington D C EPA- 60079-77-043 1979 pp 245-249 Chapman R M Methods of evoked-potential analysis in linguistic research In D A Otto Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Event-Related Brain Potential Research U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 1979 pp 265-266 E University of Illinois The Vocabulary of Event Related Brain Potentials and its Application in the Cockpit and CAI Environment Donchin E Measurement in AEP studies opening remarks In W C McCallum J R Knott The responsive brain Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Event-Related Slow Potentials of the Brain Bristol England 1973 Bristol John Wright and Sons 1976 pp 5-9 Donchin E Johnson R Jr Herning R Kutas M Covariation of the magnitude of the CNV P300 as a function of the subject's task In W C McCallum and J R Knott The responsive brain Pro- ceedings of the Third International Congress on Event-Related Slow Potentials of the Brain Bristol England 1973 Bristol John Wright and Sons 1976 pp 76-80 Donchin R Kutas M Preliminary observations on the effects of response parameters on pre responsive potentials In W C McCallum and J R Knott The reaponsive brain Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Event-Related Slow Potentials of the Brain Bristol England 1973 Bristol John Wright 1976 pp 108-110 Donchin E The relationship between P300 and the CNV A correspondence and an experimental report In W C McCallum and J R Knott The reSponsive brain Proceedings of the Third International Congress on event related slow potentials of the brain Bristol John Wright and Sons 1976 pp 216-234 Wickens C Isreal J Donchin E The event-related cortical potential as an index of task workload In A 5 Neal R F Palasek Proceedings of the Human Factors Society let Annual Meeting San Francisco October 1977 Kutas M Donchin E Variations in the latency of P300 as a function of variations in semantic categorizations In D Otto Multidisciplinary_perspectives in event-related brain potential research Washington D C U S Government Printing Office 1979 pp 198-201 11 Donchin E The use of the scalp distribution as a dependent var- iable in ERP studies In D Otto Multidisciplinary perspectives in event-related brain potential research Washington D C U 8 Government Printing Office 1979 pp 501-510 Donchin E Heffley E Multivariate analysis of event-related potential data A tutorial review In D Otto Multidisciplinary perspectives in event-related brain potential research 0 3 Washington D C U S Government Printing Office 1979 pp 555 572 Squires K C Wickens C Squires N R Donchin E Sequen- tial dependencies of the waveform of the event related potential A pre- liminary report In D A Otto Multidisciplinary perSpectives in event related brain potential research washington D C Government Printing Office 1979 pp Donchin E Isreal J B Event related potentials and logical theory In H H Kornhuber and L Deecke Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Electrical Potentials Related to Motivation Motor and Sensory Processes of the Brain Amsterdam Elsevier in press F Stanford Research Institute Inferring Words from Electrical Brain Activitv Pinneo L R Herron J Rebert C S Feasibility study for design of a biocybernetic communication system Fifth semi annual tech- nical progress report ARPA February 1975 Pinneo L R 8 Rebert C S Feasibility study for design of a biocybernetic communication system Sixth semi annual technical progress report ARPA April 1975 Pinneo L R Johnson P Herron J Rebert C S Feasibil ity study for design of a biocybernetic communication system Final technical report ARPA August 1975 G Stanford Research Institute The Use of Hemispheric Imbalances as an Indication of Cognitive Style and Cognitive Strategy Rebert C S Electroencephalographic analysis of hemispheric dominance and performance Final report ARPA August 1976 Rebert C S Electroencephalographic analysis of hemispheric dominance and performance First semi annual technical progress report ARPA January 1976 12 Chapman R M Language and evoked potentials In D A Otto Multidisciplinary PerSpectives in Event Related Brain Potential Research U 8 Government Printing Office Washington D C EPA- 600 9-77-043 1979 pp 245-249 Chapman R M Methods-of evoked-potential analysis in linguistic research In D A Otto Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Event Related Brain Potential Research U 5 Government Printing Office Washington D C 1979 pp 265-266 E University of Illinois The Vocabulary of Event-Related Brain Potentials and its Application in the Cockpit and CAI Environment Donchin E Measurement in AEP studies opening remarks In W C McCallum J R Knott The responsive brain Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Eventhelated Slow Potentials of the Brain Bristol England 1973 Bristol John Wright and Sons 1976 pp 5-9 Donchin E Johnson R Jr Herning R Kutas M Covariation of the magnitude of the CNV P300 as a function of the subject's task In W C McCallum and J R Knott The responsive brain Pro- ceedings of the Third International Congress on Event Related Slow Potentials of the Brain Bristol England 1973 Bristol John Wright and Sons 1976 pp 76-80 Donchin E Kutas M Preliminary observations on the effects of reaponse parameters on pre reSponsive potentials In W C McCallum and J R Knott The responsive brain Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Event Related Slow Potentials of the Brain Bristol England 1973 Bristol John Wright 1976 pp 108-110 Donchin E The relationship between P300 and the CNV A correspondence and an experimental report In W C McCallum and J R Knott The responsive brain Proceedings of the Third Inter- national Congress on event-related slow potentials of the brain Bristol John Wright and Sons 1976 pp 216-234 Wickens C D Isreal J McCarthy 6 Gopher D Donchin The use of event-related potentials in the enhancement of system perfor- mance Proceedings 12th Annual Conference on Manual Control NASA TM X-73 170 1976 Wickens C Isreal J Donchin E The event-related cortical potential as an index of task workload In A 8 Neal 5 R F Palasek Proceedings of the Human Factors Society let Annual Meeting San Francisco October 1977 Kutas M Donchin E Variations in the latency of P300 as a function of variations in semantic categorizations In D Otto Multidisciplinary_perspectives in event re1ated brain potential research 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Utilization of Hag- netoencephalography MEG as a Biocybernetics Channel Cuffin B N 5 Cohen D Magnetic fields of a dipole in special volume conductor shapes Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol July 1977 'pp 372-381 DISTRIBUTION Dr Glenn Bryan ONR 800 North Quincy Street Arlington VA 22217 Dr Alfred Fregley Bldg 410 Bolling Air Force Base Washington D C 20332 Dr Mike Kaplan ARI 5001 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria VA 22333 Dr Harry O'Neil ARI 5001 Eisenhower Avenue Room Alexandria VA 22333 Dr Robert Biersner Naval Medical Command National Naval Medical Center Building 142 Bethesda MD 20014 Dr Emanuel Donchin University of Illinois Dept of 825 Champaign IL 61820 Dr Larry Pinneo Dr Jaques J Vidal 3531 Boelter Hall Univ of Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90024 Dr Robert Chapman Department of University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 Dr Laverne Johnson U S Naval Health Research Center Division San Diego CA 92152 Dr Jackson Beaty Department of University of California-L05 Angeles Los Angeles CA 90024 Dr Charles Rebert Department of SRI Menlo Park CA 90037 Dr Gary Schwartz 210 Kirkland Hall Yale University New Haven CT 06520 Dr James Anliker Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 Dr Timothy J Teyler Department of Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 Dr Richard Thompson Department of University of California Irvine Irvine CA 92717 Dr David Cohen MIT Cambridge MA 02138 Dr Christopher Wickens University of Illinois Department of Champaign IL 61820 Dr Daniel Gopher Department of Industrial Engineering Technion Haifa Israel Dr Enoch Callaway Langley Porter Institute 401 Parnasus Avenue San Francisco CA 94122 Dr William R Goff Laboratory VA Hospital West Haven CT 06516 Dr Donald B Lindsley Department of Univ of California-L05 Angeles Los Angeles CA 90024 Dr Michael Posner Department of University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 Dr Neville Moray Department of University of Stirling Stirling Scotland Dr Tom Sheridan MIT 105 Mass Avenue Rm 1-110 Cambridge MA 02139 Dr Donald Norman Department of University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92037 Program Title ARPA Order 3053 3294 3306 3330 3510 Line Number 021101 C12205 C12204 C12202 W17159 Biocybernetics Agent ONR ONR ONR ONR DSS-W FISCAL SUMMARY Contractor Contract No Univ of Illinois N1476C0002 Univ of Rochester N1477C0037 UCLA N147700030 Science Applications N1477C0107 McDonnell Douglas MDA90378C0181 TOTALS FY76 FY7T FY77 650 90 476 129 135 Bud Durand Program Management Officer Date legal-LN FY78 462 150 612 FY79 447 60 507 Totals 2125 129 90 185 210 2739