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Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), December 7, 1944. Not classified.

CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION DONE AT CHICAGO ON THE 7TH DAY OF DECEMBER 1944 4 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION PREAMBLE WHEREAS t h e f u t u r e development of i n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l a v i a t l o r i can g r e a t l y h e l p t o c r e a t e and p r e s e r v e f r i e n d s h i p and u n d e r s t a n d i n g among t h e n z t f o n a and p e o p l e s o f t h e world y e t its a b u s e can become a t h r e a t t o t h e g e n e r a l s e c u r i t y and WHEREAS i t i d e s i r a b l e t o a v o i d f r i c t i o n and t o promote t h a t c o o p e r a t i o n between n a t i o n s and p e o p l e s upon which t h e p e a c e of t h e world depends THEREFORE t h e u n d e r s i g n e d governments having a g r e e d on c e r t a i n p r i n c i p l e s and arrangements i n o r d e r t h a t i n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l a v i a t i o n may be developed i n a s a f e and o r d e r l y manner and t h a t i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r t r a n s p o r t s e r v i c e s may be e s t - a b l i s h e d on t h e b a s i s of e q u a l i t y of o p p o r t u n i t y and o p e r a t e d soun ly and economically Have a c c o r d i n g l y concluded t h i s Convention t o t h a t end PART - NAVIGATION CHAPTER I GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION - Article 1 Sovereignty The c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s r e c o g n i z e t h a t every S t e t e has comglete and e x c l u s i v e s o v e r e i g n t y o v e r t h e a i r - 1 s p a c e above i t s t e r r i t o r y II - 2 Article - Iirritoq - F o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s Convention t h e t e r r i t o r y of a S t a t e s h a l l be deemed t o be t h e l a n d a r e a s and A I I such S t a t e t e r r i t o r i a l w a t e r s a d j a c e n t t h e r e t o under t h e s o v e r e i g n t y s u z e r a i n t y p r o t e c t i o n o r mandate of Article I C i v i l and state aircraft a 2 This Convention shall be a p p l i c a b l e only t o c i v i l a i r c r a f t and s h a l l n o t be a p p l i c a b l e t o s t a t e aircraft b A i r c r a f t u s e d i n m i l i t a r y customs and p o l i c e s e r v i c e s s h a l l be deemed t o be s t a t e a i r c r a f t c No s t a t e a i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s h a l l f l y o v e r t h e t e r r i t o r y of a n o t h e r S t a t e o r l a n d t h e r e o n w i t h o u t a u t h o r i z a t i o n by s p e c i a l agreement o r o t h e r w i s e and i n accordance w i t h t h e t e r n s t h e r e o f d The c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s u n d e r t a k e when l s s u - ing regulations f o r t h e i r s t a t e a i r c r a f t t h a t they w i l l have due r e g a r d f o r the safety of navigation of civil aircraft Article 4 I Misuse of civil s viation Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a g r e e s n o t to u s e c i v i l a v i a t i o n f o r any purpose i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e aims of 1 t h i s Convention CHAPTER I1 FLIGHT OVER TERRITORY CONTRACTING STATES Article 2 -Right o f nonscheduled flight Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a g r e e s that a l l a i r c r a f t of t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s b e i n g a i r c r a f t n o t engaged i n s c h e d u l e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e s s h a l l have t h e r i g h t s u b j e c t t o t h e observance of t h e t e r m s o f t h i s Convention t o make f l i g h t s i n t o o r i n t r a n s i t non-stop a c r o s s i t s t e r r i t o r y and t o make s t o p s f o r - - 4 n o n - t r a f f i c p u r p o s e s w i t h o u t t h e n e c e s s i t y of o b t a i n i n g p r i o r p e r m i s s i o n and s u b j e c t t o t h e r i g h t of t h e S t a t e flown o v e r t o r e q u i r e l a n d i n g Each c 3 n t r a c t i n g S t a t e nevertheless r e s e r v e s t h e r i g h t f o r reasons of s a f e t y of f l i g h t t o r e q u i r e a i r c r a f t d e s i r i n g t o p r o ceed o v e r r e g i o n s which a r e i n a c c e s s i b l e o r w i t h o u t adequate a i r n a v t g a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s t o f o l l o w p r e s c r i b e c r o u t e s o r t o o b t a i n s p e c i a l p e r m l e s i o n f o r such flights Such a i r c r a f t i f engaged i n t h e c a r r i a g e of p a s s e n g e r s c a r g o o r m a i l f o r remuneration o r h i r e on o t h e r than scheduled i n t e r n a t i o n a l air s e r v i c e s s h a l l a l s o s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s of A r t i c l e 7 have t h e p r i v i l e g e of t a k i n g on o r d i s c h a r g i n g p a s s e n g e r s c a r g o o r mail s u b J e c t t o t h e r i g h t o f any S t a t e where s u c h embarkation o r d i s c h a r g e t e s p l a c e t o impose such r e g u l a t i o n s c o n d i t i o n s o r l i m i t a t i o n s as i t may c o n s i d e r d e s i r a b l e Article Scheduled air services No s c h e d u l e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e m a y be o p e r a t e d o v e r o r i n t o t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e except w i t h t h e s p e c i a l p e r m i s s i o n o r o t h e r a u t h o r i z a t i o n of that S t a t e and i n accordance w i t h t h e terms of s u c h p e r m i s s i o n o r a u t h o r i z a t i o n Article Cabotage Z Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e shall have t h e r i g h t t o r e f u s e p e r m i s s i o n t o t h e a i r c r a f t of o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s t o t a k e on i n i t s t e r r i t o r y p a s s e n g e r s m a i l and cargo c a r r i e d f o r remuneration o r h i r e and deetined f o r another point within i t s t e r r i t o r y Eaoh c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakes n o t t o e n t e r i n t o any arrangement s which s p e c i f i c a l l y g r a n t any such p r i v i l e g e on an e x c l u s i v e b a s i s t o m y o t h e r S t a t e o r an a i r l i n e of any o t h e r S t a t e and not t o o b t a i n any euch exclus i v e p r i v i l e g e from any o t h e r S t a t e - Article 8 Pilotless aircraft No a i r c r a f t capable of being flown without a p i l o t s h a l l be flown without a pilot o v e r the t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e without s p e c i a l a u t h o r i z a t i o n by t h a t S t a t e and i n accordance w i t h t h e terms of euch authorization Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertake8 t o i n s u r e that t h e f l i g h t of such a i r c r a f t without a p i l o t i n r e g i o n s open t o c i v i l a i r c r a f t s h a l l be so c o n t r o l l e d as t o o b v i a t e danger t o c i v i l a i r c r a f t - Article 9 Prohibited areas a Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may f o r r e a s o n s of m i l i t a r y n e c e s s i t y o r p u b l i c s a f e t y r e s t r i c t o r proh i b i t uniformly t h e a i r c r a f t of o t h e r S t a t e s from f l y i n g over c e r t a i n a r e a s o f i t s t e r r i t o r y provided th%'b no d i s t i n c t i o n i n t h i s r e s p e c t i s made between t h e a i r c r a f t of t h e S t a t e whose t e r r i t o r y i s involved engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l scheduled a i r l i n e s e r v i c e s and t h e a i r c r a f t of t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s l i k e wise engaged Such p r o h i b i t e d a r e a s e h a l l be of I reasonable e x t e n t and l o c a t i o n so a s not t o i n t e r f e r e I unnecessarily w i t h air navigation D e s c r i p t i o n s of such p r o h i b i t e d a r e a s i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e as w e l l ae any subsequent a l t e r a t i o n s r- - t h e r e i n s h a l l be communicated as soon as p o s s i b l e t o t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s and t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e s e r v e s a l s o t h e b r i g h t i n exceptional circumstances o r during a period of emergency o r i n t h e i n t e r e s t of p u b l i c s d e t y and w i t h immediate e f f e c t t e m p o r a r i l y t o r e s t r i c t o r pro- h i b i t f l y i n g o v e r t h e whole o r any p a r t of i t 6 terri- t o r y on c o n d i t i o n t h a t s u c h r e s t r i c t i o n o r p r o h i b i t i o n e h a l l be a p p l i c a b l e w i t h o u t d i s t i n c t i o n of n a t i o n a l i t y t o a i r c r a f t of a l l o t h e r S t a t e s c tions a8 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e u n d e r such r e g u l a i t may p r e e c r i b e may r e q u i r e any a i r c r a f t e n t e r i n g t h e a r e a s contemplated i n subparagraphs a o r b above t o e f f e c t a l a n d i n g as soon a s p r a c t i c a b l e t h e r e a f t e r at some d e s i g n a t e d a i r p o r t w i t h i n i t s territory A r t i c l e 10 Landing at cuetoms airport Except i n a c a s e where under t h e terms of t h i s Convention o r a s p e c i a l a u t h o r i z a t i o n a i r c r a f t a r e p e r m i t t e d t o c r o s s t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e w i t h o u t l a n d i n g every a i r c r a f t which e n t e r s t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s h a l l if t h e r e g u l a t i o n s of t h a t S t a t e so r e q u i r e l a n d at a n a i r p o r t d e s i g n a t e d by t h a t S t a t e f o r t h e p u r p o s e of customs and o t h e r examination On d e p a r t u r e from t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e such a i r c r a f t e h a l l d e p a r t from a s i m i l a r l y d e s i g n a t e d customs a i r p o r t Particulars of a l l d e s i g n a t e d customs a i r p o r t s s h a l l be p u b l i s h e d f by t h e S t a t e and t r a n s m i t t e d t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l A v i a t i o n O r g a n i z a t i o n e s t a b l i s h e d under P a r t I1 of t h i s Convention f o r communication t o a l l o t h e r contracting States Article Applicability of a i r regu- 11 S u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n e of t h i s Convention t h e laws and r e g u l a t i o n s o f a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e l a t i n g t o t h e admission t o o r d e p a r t u r e from i t s t e r r i t o r y of a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r n a v i g a t i o n o r t o t h e o p e r a t i o n and n a v i g a t i o n of s u c h a i r c r a f t w h i l e w i t h i n i t s t e r r i t o r y shall be a p p l i e d t o t h e a i r c r a f t of a l l c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s w i t h o u t d i s t i n c t i o n as t o n a t i o n a l i t y and shall be complied w i t h by such airc r a f t u2on e n t e r i n g o r d e p a r t i n g from o r w h i l e w i t h i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h a t S t a t e Article Rules of t h e 12 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e u n d e r t a k e s t o adopt measu r e s t o i n s u r e t h a t every a i r c r a f t f l y i n g o v e r o r maneuvering w i t h i n i t s t e r r i t o r y and that every airc r a f t c a r r y i n g i t s n a t i o n a l i t y mark wherever s u c h a i r c r a f t may be shall comply w i t h t h e r u l e s and r e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o t h e f l i g h t and maneuver of a i r c r a f t there i n force Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e u n d e r t a k e s t o keep i t s own r e g u l a t i o n s i n t h e s e r e s p e c t s uniform t o t h e greatest poesible extent with thoee established from t i m e t o t i m e under t h i s Convention Over t h e h i g h s e a s t h e r u l e s i n f o r c e shall be t h o s e e s t a b l i s h e d under t h i s Convention Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e - 1 u n d e r t a k e s t o i n s u r e t h e p r o a e c u t i o n of all p e r s o n s violating the regulations applicable Article E n t r y and clearance regulations 13 The laws and r e g u l a t i o n s of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a s t o theadmissiontoordeparturefromiteterrit o r y of p a s s e n g e r s crew o r cargo of a i r c r a f t s u c h as r e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o e n t r y c l e a r a n c e immigra- t i o n p a s s p o r t s customs and q u a r a n t i n e s h a l l be complied w i t h by o r on b e h a l f of such p a s s e n g e r s crew o r cargo upon entra nce i n t o o r d e p a r t u r e from o r w h i l e w i t h i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h a t S t a t e 14 A rticle - P r e v e n t i o n of s p r e a d of disease Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a g r e e s t o t a k e e f f e c t i v e measures t o p r e v e n t t h e s p r e a d by meons of a i r navigat i o n of c h o l e r a typhus e p i d e m i c smallpox y e l l o w f e v e r p l a g u e and such o t h e r communicable d i s e a s e s as t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s shall from t i m e t o time d e c i d e t o d e s i g n a t e and t o t h a t end c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s w i l l keep i n c l o s e c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e agen- c i e s concerned w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e g u l a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o s a n i t a r y measures a p p l i c a b l e t o a i r c r a f t Such c o n s u l t a t i o n shall be w i t h o u t p r e j u d i c e t o t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of any e x i s t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l oonvent i o n on t h i s s u b j e c t t o which t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s may be p a r t i e s Article A i r p o r t and similar charges 15 Every a i r p o r t i n a c o n t r a c t i n g S t t e which i s open t o p u b l i c u s e by i t s n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t s h a l l l i k e w i s e s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s of A r t i c l e 68 1 L be open under uniform c o n d i t i o n s t o t h e a i r c r a f t of a l l the other contracting States The l i k e uniform c o n d i t i o n s s h a l l apply t o t h e use by a i r c r a f t of every c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e of a l l a i r n a v i g a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s i n c l u d i n g r a d i o and meteorological s e r v i c e s which may be provided f o r p u b l i c use f o r t h e s a f e t y end e x p e d i t i o n of a i r n a v i g a t i o n Any charges t h a t may be imposed o r p e r m i t t e d t o be imposed by a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e f o r t h e use of such a i r p o r t s and a i r n a v i g a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s by t h e a i r c r a f t of any o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s h a l l n o t be h i g h e r a A s t o a i r c r a f t not engaged i n sched- uled international air services than those t h a t would be p a i d by i t s n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t of t h e same c l a s s engaged i n similar o p e r a t i o n s and b A s t o a i r c r a f t engaged i n scheduled i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r e e r v i c e e t h a n t h o s e t h a t would be p a i d by i t s n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t engaged i n aimilar international a i r services A l l such charges shall be p u b l i s h e d and communicated t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization provided t h a t upon r e p r e s e n t a t i o n by an i n t e r e s t e d c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e t h e charges imposed f o r t h e u s e of a i r p o r t s and o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s s h a l l be s u b j e c t t o review by t h e Council which shall r e p o r t and make recommendations thereon f o r t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n of t h e S t a t e o r S t a t e s concerned No f e e s dues o r o t h e r charges shall be imposed by any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e i n r e s p e c t s o l e l y of t h e r i g h t of t r a n s i t o v e r o r e n t r y i n t o o r e x i t from i t s t e r r i t o r y of any a i r c r a f t of a contracting S t a t e o r persons o r property thereon - A r t i c l e 16 The a p p r o p r i a t e a u t h o r i t i e s of each of t h e cont r a c t i n g S t a t e s s h a l l have t h e r i g h t without unreasonable delay t o -arch a i r c r a f t of t h e o t h e r con- t r a c t i n g S t a t e s on l a n d i n g o r d e p a r t u r e and t o i n s p e c t t h e c e r t i f i c a t e s and o t h e r documents p r e s c r i b e d by t h i o convention CHAPTER I11 NATIONALITY OF AIRCRAFT Article A i r c r a f t have t h e n a t i o n a l i t y of t h e S t a t e I n which they a r e r e g i s t e r e d Article 18 An a i r c r a f t cannot be v a l i d l y r e g i s t e r e d i n more t h a n one S t a t e but i t s r e g i s t r a t i o n may be changed f r o one S t a t e t o another Article 19 The r e g i s t r a t i o n o r t r a n s f e r of r e g i s t r a t i o n of a i r c r a f t i n any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s h a l l be made i n accordance w i t h i t s l a w s and r e g u l a t i o n s Artiole 20 Every a i r e r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r n a v i g a t i o n e h a l l b e a r i t s a p p r o p r i a t e n a t i o n a l i t y and r e g i s t r a t i o n marks Article Report of registrations 21 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakes t o supply t o any o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e o r t o t h e I n t e r n t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization on demand information concerning t h e r e g i s t r a t i o n and ov mership of any particular aircraft registered in that State I n ad- I H d i t i o n each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s h a l l f u r n i s h r e p o r t s t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Orga nlza tlon und-er such r e g u l a t i o n s a s t h e l a t t e r may p r e s c r i b e g i v i n g such p e r t i n e n t d a t a as can be made a v a i l a b l e concern- I 1 i n g t h e ownership and c o n t r o l of a i r c r a f t r e g i e t e r e d i n t h a t S t a t e and h a b i t u a l l y engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r navigation The d a t a t h u s o b t a i n e d by t h e I n t e r - n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization s h a l l be made a v a i l a b l e by i t on r e q u e s t t o t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g CHAPTER I V MEASURES TO FACILITATE AIR NAVIGATION Article Facilitation of f o m a l i ties 22 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a g r e e s t o adopt a l l pract i c a b l e measures through t h e i s s u a n c e of e p e c i a l r e g u l a t i o n 8 o r otherwise t o f a c i l i t a t e and e x p e d i t e n a v i g a t i o n by a i r c r a f t between t h e t e r r i t o r i e s of c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t ee and t o p r e v e n t unnecessary d e l a y s t o a i r c r a f t crews passengere and cargo e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e administre tion of t h e laws r e l a t i n g t o irnmlgrat i o n q u a r a n t i n e cuetoms and c l e a r a n c e Article 23 Cu tomsand immigration procedure8 A I States Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakee 80 far a s i t may f i n d p r a c t i c a b l e t o e s t a b l i e h custome and immigration p r o c e d u r e s f e fc t i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r n a v i g a t i o n i n accordance w i t h t h e p r a c t i c e s which may be e s t a b l i s h e d o r recommended from t i m e t o t i m e purs u a n t t o t h i s Convention Nothing i n t h i s Convention shell be c o n s t r u e d as p r e v e n t i n g t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of customs-f r e e a i r p o r t s Article customs duty a 24 A i r c r a f t on a f l i g h t t o from o r a c r o s s t h e t e r r i t o r y of a n o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e e h a l l be a d m i t t e d t e m p o r a r i l y f r e e of d u t y s u b j e c t t o t h e customs r e g u l a t i o n s of t h e S t a t e Fuel l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s s p a r e parts regu1a r equipment and a i r c r a f t s t o r e 8 on b o a r d an P - i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e on a r r i v a l i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of a n o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e and r e t a i n e d on b o a r d on l e a v i n g t h e t e r r i t o r y of that S t a t e s h a l l be e x e p tfrom customs d u t y i n s p e c t i o n f e e s o r similar n a t i o n a l o r l o c a l d u t i e s and cha-rges This exemption s h a l l n o t apply t o any q u a n t i t i e s o r a r t i c l e s unloaded e x c e p t i n a c c o r d a n c e with t h e customs r e g u l a t i o n s o f t h e S t a t e which may r e q u i r e that t h e y shall be k e p t under customs s u p e r vision b S p a r e parts a n d equipment imported i n t o t h e t e r r i t o r y of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e f o r i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n o r u s e on m a i r c r a f t of a n o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r n a v i g a t i o n s h d l b e a d m i t t e d f r e e of custome d u t y s u b j e c t t o compliance w i t h t h e r e g u l a t i o n s of t h e S t a t e concerned which may p r o v i d e t h a t t h e a r t i c l e s shall be k e p t u n d e r customs s u p e r v i s i o n and c o n t r o l 4 - A r t i c l e 25 Aircraft i n Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertake8 t o p r o v i d e such measures of a s s i s t a n c e t o a i r c r a f t i n d i s t r e s s I n i t s t e r r i t o r y a8 i t may f i n d p r a c t i c a b l e and t o p e r m i t s u b j e c t t o c o n t r o l by i t s own a u t h o r i t i e s t h e owners of t h e a i r c r a f t o r a u t h o r i t i e s of t h e S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r a f t i s r e g i s t e r e d t o provide such measures of a s s i s t m c e a s may be n e c e e s i t a t e d by t h e circumstances Each a m t r a c t i n g S t a t e when undertaking search f o r missing a i r c r a f t w i l l collaborate i n c o o r d l n a t ed measure8 which may be recommended from time t o time pureuant t o t h i s Convention Article Inveet i g a t i o n o f accident8 26 I n t h e event of an a c c i d e n t t o an a i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e o c c u r r i n g i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of ano t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e and involving d e a t h o r s e r i o u s i n j u r y o r i n d i c t i n ge e r i o u e t e c h n i c a l d e f e c t i n t h e a i r c r a f t o r air navigation f a c i l i t i e s t h e S t a t e i n which t h e c c i d e n toccur8 w i l l i n s t i t u t e an i n q u i r y i n t o t h e circumstances of t h e a c c i d e n t I n accordance so f a r as it8 laws permit w i t h t h e procedure which m a y be recommended by t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l A v i a t i o n Organization The S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r a f t i s r e g i s t e r e d shall be given t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o a p p o i n t observer8 t o be p r e e e n t a t t h e i n q u i r y and t h e S t a t e h o l d i n g t h e i n q u i r y s h a l l communicate t h e r e p o r t and f i n d i n g s i n t h e m a t t e r t o that S t a t e Article 27 a While engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r navigat i o n any a u t h o r i z e d e n t r y of a i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e i n t o t h e t e r r i t o r y of a n o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e o r a u t h o r i z e d t r a n s i t a c r o s s t h e t e r r i t o r y of such S t a t e w i t h o r without l a n d i n g s s h a l l not e n t a i l any e e i z u r e o r d e t e n t i o n of t h e a i r c r a f t o r any claim a g a i n s t t h e ormer o r o p e r a t o r t h e r e o f o r any o t h e r i n t e r f e r e n c e t h e r e w i t h by o r on behalf of such S t a t e o r any person t h e r e i n on t h e ground t h a t t h e c o n e t r u c t i o n mechanism p a r t s a c c e s s o r i e s o r operat i o n of t h e a i r c r a f t i s an infringement of any p a t e n t d e s i g n o r model duly g r a n t e d o r r e g i s t e r e d i n t h e S t a t e whoee t e r r i t o r y i s e n t e r e d by t h e a i r c r a f t i t being agreed t h a t no d e p o s i t of s e c u r i t y i n connection w i t h t h e f o r e g o i n g exemption from s e i z u r e o r detent i o n of t h e a i r c r a f t e h a l l i n any c a s e be r e q u i r e d i n t h e S t a t e e n t e r e d by such a i r c r a f t b The p r o v i s i o n s of paragraph a of t h i s A r t i c l e s h a l l a l s o be a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e e t o r a g e of s p a r e p a r t s and epare equipment f o r t h e a i r c r a f t and t h e r i g h t t o u s e and i n s t a l l t h e same i n t h e r e p a i r of an a i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of any o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e provided t h a t any p a t e n t e d p a r t o r equipment so s t o r e d shall n o t be s o l d o r d i s t r i b u t e d i n t e r n a l l y i n o r exported commerc i a l l y from t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e e n t e r e d by t h e aircraft 1 c The b e n e f i t e of t h i e A r t i c l e s h a l l apply only t o such S t a t e s p a r t i e e t o t h i e Convention a6 e i t h e r 1 a r e p r t i e et o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l Convention f o r t h e P r o t e c t i o n of I n d u s t r i P l r o p e r t y and t o any amendments t h e r e o f o r 2 have enacted p a t e n t lawe which recognize and g i v e adequate p r o t e c t i o n t o i n v e n t i o n s made by t h e n a t i o n a l e of t h e o t h e r S t a t e s p a r t i e s t o t h i e Convention Article A i r navigation facilitiee 2nd standard 28 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakee so f a r as i t may f i n d p r a c t i c a b l e t o a Provide i n i t s t e r r i t o r y a i r p o r t s radio services meteorological service8 a d other air navigation f a c i l i t i e s t o f a c i l i t a t e i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r n a v i g a t i o n i n accordance w i t h t h e s t a n d a r d s and p r a c t i c e e recommended o r e e t a b l l e h e d from time t o time pureuant t o t h i s Convention b Adopt and p u t i n t o o p e r a t i o n t h e ap- p r o p r i a t e standard systems of communications procedure codee markings s i g n a l e l i g h t i n g and o t h e r o p e r a t i o n a l p r a c t i c e e and r u l e s which may be recommended o r e e t a b l i e h e d from time t o time pureuant t o t h i s Convention c C o l l a b o r a t e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l meae- u r e e t o s e c u r e t h e p u b l i c a t i o n of a e r o n a u t i c a l mapa and c h a r t s i n a c c o r d m c e w i t h etandarde which m a y be recommended o r e s t a b l i s h e d from time t o t i m e pursuant t o t h i e Convention CHAPTER V CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILLED WITH RESPECT TO AIRCRAFT Article Documents carried i n aircraft 29 Every a i r c r a f t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n s h a l l c a r r y t h e followi n g docunents i n conformity w i t h t h e c o n d i t i o n s p r e s c r i b e d i n t h i s convention a I t s c e r t i f i c a t e of r e g i s t r a t i o n b I t s c e r t i f i c a t e of a i r w o r t h i n e e s c The a p p r o p r i a t e l i c e n s e e Tor e c h member of t h e crew d It8 journey l o g book e If i t i s equipped w i t h r a d i o a p p a r a t u s t h e a i r c r a f t radio s t a t i o n license If i t c a r r i e e paesengers a l i s t of f t h e i r name8 and p l a c e s of embarkation and dest ination g If i t c a r r i e s cargo a manifest and d e t a i l e d d e c l a r a t i o n s of t h e cargo 30 Article - Aircraft radio equipment a A i r c r a f t of each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may i n o r o v e r t h e t e r r i t o r y of o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s c a r r y r a d i o t r a n s m i t t i n g a p p a r a t u s only i f a l i c e n s e t o i n s t a l l and o p e r a t e such a p p r a t u sh a s been i s s u e d by t h e a p p r o p r i a t e a u t h o r i t i e s of t h e S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r f ti s r e g i s t e r e d The u s e of r a d i o t r a n s - m i t t i n g a p p a r a t u s i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e whoee t e r r i t o r y i e flown over s h a l l be i n accordance with t h e r e g u l a t i o n s p r e e c r i b e d by t h a t State ' I b Radio t r a n e m i t t i n g apparatue may be ueed only by membere of t h e f l i g h t crew who a r e provided t h e a p p r o p r i a t e a u t h o r i t i e s of t h e S t a t e i n which the aircraft i e registered Article Cert if i c a t e a of a i r w o r t h i - 2 Every a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l navigat i o n s h a l l be provided w i t h a c e r t i f i c a t e of airw o r t h i n e s s i s s u e d o r rendered v a l i d by t h e S t a t e i n which i t i s r e g i s t e r e d Article 32 a The p i l o t of every a i r c r a f t and t h e o t h e r membere of t h e o p e r a t i n g crew of every a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t l o n a l n a v i g a t i o n e h a l l be provided w i t h c e r t i f i c a t e 8 of conpetency and l i c e n s e e ieeued o r rendered v a l i d by t h e S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r a f t i s registered b Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e s e r v e 8 t h e r i g h t t o r e f u s e t o recognize f o r t h e purpose of f l i g h t above i t s own t e r r i t o r y c e r t i f i c a t e s of competency and l i c e n s e s g r a n t e d t o any of it8 n a t i o n a l e by another contracting State Article 33 C e r t i f i c a t e s of a i r w o r t h i n e s s and c e r t i f i c a t e s of competency and l i c e n s e s i s s u e d o r r e n d e r e d valid by t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e i n which t h e a i r c r a f t i e r e g i s t e r e d s h a l l be recognized a8 v a l i d by t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e e provided that t h e - n r e q u i r e m e n t s u n d e r which s u c h c e r t i f i c a t e s o r l i c e n s e s were i s s u e d o r r e n d e r e d v a l i d a r e e q u a l t o o r above t h e minimum e t a n d a r d e which may be e s t a b l i s h e d from t i m e t o t i m e p u r s u a n t t o t h i s Convention A rticle 34 Journey l o g books There s h a l l be m a i n t a i n e d i n r e s p e c t of every a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n a j o u r ney l o g book i n which s h a l l be e n t e r e d p a r t i c u l a r s of t h e a i r c r a f t i t s crew a n d of e a c h Journey i n s u c h form as may be p r e s c r i b e d from t i m e t o t i m e p u r s u a n t t o t h i s Convention Article 35 a No m u n i t i o n e of w a r o r implements of w a r may Cargo reetrictions be c a r r i e d i n o r above t h e t e r r i t o r y of a S t a t e i n a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n e x c e p t by p e r m i s s i o n o f such S t a t e Each S t a t e shall d e t e r - mine by r e g u l a t i o n s what c o n s t i t u t e s m u n i t i o n s of w a r o r implements o f w a r f o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s A r t i c l e g i v i n g due c o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r t h e p u r p o s e s of u n i f o r m i t y t o s u c h recommendations as t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l A v i a t i o n O r g a n i z a t i o n may from t i m e t o t i m e make b Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e r e s e r v e s t h e r i g h t f o r r e a s o n s of p u b l i c - o r d e r and e a f e t y t o r e g u l a t e o r p r o h i b i t t h e c a r r i a g e i n o r above i t s t e r r i t o r y of a r t i c l e s o t h e r t h a n t h o s e enumerated i n p a r g r a p h a p r o v i d e d t h a t no d i s t i n c t i o n i s made i n t h i s r e e p e c t between i t e n a t i o n a l a i r c r a f t engaged i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n and t h e a i r c r a f t of t h e - o t h e r S t z t e s so engaged and provided f u r t h e r t h a t no r e s t r i c t i o n s h a l l be imposed which may i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e c a r r i a g e and u s e on a i r c r a f t of a p p a r a t u s necessary f o r t h e o p e r a t i o n o r n a v i g a t i o n of t h e a i r c r a f t o r t h e s a f e t y of t h e personnel o r passengers Article 36 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may p r o h i b i t o r r e g u l a t e t h e use of photographic a p p a r a t u s i n a i r c r a f t o v e r i t e territory CHAPTER VI INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PEACTICES Article international 37 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakes t o c o l l a b o r a t e formity i n r e g u l a t i o n e s t a n d a r d s procedures and o r g a n i z a t i o n i n r e l a t i o n t o a i r c r a f t personnel a i r ways and a u x i l i a r y s e r v i c e s i n a l l m a t t e r s i n which such uniformity w i l l f a c i l i t a t e and improve a i r navigation To t h i s end t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization s h a l l adopt and amend from time t o time as may be necessary i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s and r e c ommended p r a c t i c e s and procedures d e a l i n g with a Communications systems and e ir naviga- t ion a i d s i n c l u d i n g ground marking b C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of a i r p o r t s and l a n d - ing a r e a s c Rules of t h e a i r and a i r t r a f f i c control practicee I d Licensing of o p e r a t i n g and mechanical pereonnel e Airworthiness of a l r c r a f t f R e g i s t r a t i o n and i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of aircraft g C o l l e c t i o n and exchange of meteoro- l o g i c a l Information h Log booke i Aeronautical maps and c h a r t s j Customs and immigration procedures k A i r c r a f t i n d i s t r e e s and i n v e s t i g a t i o n of a c c i d e n t s and euch o t h e r m a t t e r s concerned with t h e s a f e t y r e g u l a r i t y and e f f i c i e n c y of a i r n a v i g a t i o n as may from time t o time appear a p p r o p r i a t e Article Departures from i n t e r n a t ion81 standards and procedures 38 Any S t a t e which f i n d s i t impractica ble t o comply i n a l l r e s p e c t 8 w i t h any such i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d or procedure o r t o bring it6 own r e g u l a t i o n s o r p r a c t i c e e i n t o f u l l accord w i t h any i n t e r n a t i o n a l e t a n d a r d o r procedure a f t e r amendment of t h e l a t t e r o r which deems i t neceeeary t o adopt r e g u l a t i o n s o r p r a c t i c e e d i f f e r i n g i n any p a r t i c u l a r r e s p e c t from t h o s e e e t a b l i s h e d by an i n t e r n a t i o n a l standard s h a l l g i v e immediate n o t i f i c a t i o n t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l A v i t i o nOrganization of t h e d i f f e r e n c e s between i t s own p r a c t i c e and t h a t e e t a b l i s h e d by t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l standard I n t h e c a s e of amendments t o i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s any S t a t e which does not make t h e P 4 Y 7 a p p r o p r i a t e amendments t o i t s own r e g u l a t i o n s o r p r a c t i c e s shall g i v e n o t i c e t o t h e Council w i t h i n s i x t y days of t h e adoption of t h e amendment t o t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l standard o r i n d i c a t e t h e a c t i o n which i t proposes t o t a k e I n any such c a s e t h e Council shall make immediate not ifi c a t i o n t o a l l o t h e r s t a t e s of t h e d i f f e r e n c e which e x i s t s between one o r more f e a t u r e s of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d and t h e corresponding n a t i o n a l p r a c t i c e of t h a t S t a t e Artiole Endorsement of c e r t i f i - 39 a Any a i r c r a f t o r p a r t thereof w i t h r e s p e c t t o which t h e r e e x i s t s an i n t e r n a t i o n a l standard of a i r w o r t h i n e s s o r perforrnanoe and which f a i l e d i n any r e s p e c t t o s a t i s f y t h a t s t a n d a r d a t t h e time of i t s c e r t i f i c a t i o n s h a l l have endorsed on o r a t t a c h e d t o i t s a i r w o r t h i n e s s c e r t i f i c a t e a complete enumerat i o n of t h e d e t a i l s i n r e s p e o t of which i t so f a i l e d b Any person h o l d i n g a l i c e n s e who does not s a t i s f y i n f u l l t h e c o n d i t i o n s l a i d down i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d r e l a t i n g t o t h e c l a s s of l i c e n s e o r c e r t i f i c a t e which he h o l d s s h a l l have endorsed on o r a t t a c h e d t o h i s l i c e n s e a complete enumeration of t h e p a r t i c u l a r s i n which he does not s a t i s f y such conditions A r t i c l e 40 No a i r c r a f t o r personnel having c e r t i f i c a t e s o r certificates and l i c e n s e s l i c e n s e s so endorsed s h a l l p a r t i c i p a t e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l n a v i g a t i o n except w i t h t h e permission of t h e S t a t e o r S t a t e s whose t e r r i t o r y i s e n t e r e d The r e g i s t r a t i o n o r u s e of any s u c h a i r c r a f t o r of any c e r t i f ' i c a t e d a i r c r a f t p a r t i n any S t a t e o t h e r t h a n t h a t i n which i t was o r i g i n a l l y c e r t i f i c a t e d s h a l l be a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n of t h e S t a t e i n t o which t h e a i r c r a f t o r p a r t i s imported Article Recognition of e x i s t i n g tand-ards of a i r w o r t h i ness 41 The p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Chapter shall n o t a p p l y t o a i r c r a f t and a i r c r a f t equipment of t y p e s of which t h e prototype i s submitted t o t h e appropriate n a t i o n a l authorities f o r certification prior to a date three y e a r s a f t e r t h e d a t e of a d o p t i o n of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d of a i r w o r t h i n e s s f o r such equipment - A r t i c l e 42 Recognition of e x i s t i n g s t a n d a r d s of competency of p e r s o n n e l The p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Chapter s h a l l n o t a p p l y t o p e r s o n n e l whose l i c e n s e s a r e o r i g i n a l l y i s s u e d p r i o r t o a d a t e one y e a r a f t e r i n i t i a 1 a d o p t i o n of a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d o f q u e l i f i c a t i o n f o r such p e r s o n n e l b u t t n e y s h a l l i n any c a s e p p l yt o a l l p e r s o n n e l whose l i c e n s e s remain v a l i d f i v e y e a r s a f t e r t h e d a t e of a d o p t i o n of such s t a n d a r d PART 11 THE INTEPdATIONAL -- CIVIL AVIATIOJ ORGANIZATION CHAPTER VII THE ORGANIZATION Article Name and composition 43 An org'a-nization t o be named t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l A v i a t i o n O r g a n i z a t i o n i s formed by t h e Convention It i s made up of an Assembly a Council and such o t h e r b o d i e s as may b e n e c e s s a r y Article 44 The aims and o b j e c t i v e s of t h e Organization a r e t o develop t h e p r i n c i p l e s and techniques of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r n a v i g a t i o n tins- t o f o s t e r t h e planning and development of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r t r a n s p o r t so a s a I n s u r e t h e s a f e and o r d e r l y growth of i n t e r n a t ion c i v i l a v i a t i o n throughout t h e b Encourage t h e a r t s of a i r c r a f t design and o p e r a t i o n f o r p e a c e f u l purposee c Encourage t h e development of airways a i r p o r t s and a i r n a v i g a t i o n f a c l l i t i e s f o r International c i v i l avistion d Meet t h e needs of t h e p e o p l e s of t h e world f o r s a f e r e g u l a r e f f i c i e n t and economical air transport e Prevent economic waete ca used by un- reasonable c o n p e t i t ion f I n s u r e t h a t t h e r i g h t s of c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e e a r e f u l l y r e s p e c t e d end t h a t every cont r a c t i n g S t a t e has a f a i r opportunity t o operate international airlines g Avoid d i s c r i n i n a t i o n between c o n t r a c t - ing States h Promote s a f e t y of f l i g h t i n i n t e r n a - t i o n a l i nra v i g a t i o n i Promote g e n e r a l l y t h e development of a l l a s p e c t s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l aeronaut i c s Article Permanent seat 45 The permanent s e a t of t h e Organization s h a l l be at such p l a c e a e shall be determined a t t h e f i n a l n e e t i n g of t h e I n t e r i m Assembly of t h e P r o v i s i o n a l I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation Organization s e t up by t h e I n t e r i m Agreement on I n t e r n a t i o n a l C i v i l Aviation s i g n e d a t Chicago on December 7 1944 The s e a t may be t emporarily t r a n s f e r r e d elsewhere by d e c i s i o n of t h e Council Article F i r s t meet- t i n g of Assembly 46 The f i r s t meeting of t h e Assembly s h a l l be summoned by t h e I n t e r i m Council of t h e above-mentioned P r o v i s i o n a l Organization as soon as t h e Convention has come i n t o f o r c e t o meet at a time and p l a c e t o be decided by t h e I n t e r i m Council A r t i c l e 47 Legal capacity The O r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l enjoy i n t h e t e r r i t o r y of each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e such l e g a l c a p a c i t y a s may be necessary f o r t h e performance of i t s f u n c t i o n s F u l l J u r i d i c a l p e r a o n a l i t y s h a l l be g r a n t e d wherever compatible w i t h t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n m d laws of t h e S t a t e concerned CHAPTER VIII THE ASSEMBLY - A r t i c l e 48 Meetings of Assembly 1 and v o t i n g I a The Assembly s h a l l meet a n n u a l l y and s h a l l be convened by t h e Council a t a s u i t a b l e time and place E x t r a o r d i n a r y meetings of t h e Assembly may be h e l d a t any time upon t h e c a l l of t h e Council o r a t t h e r e q u e s t of any t e n c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s d d r e s s e d t o t h e S e c r e t a r y General b A l l c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s s h a l l have an equal r i g h t t o be r e p r e s e n t e d at t h e meetings of t h e Assembly and each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s h a l l be e n t i t l e d t o one vote Delegates r e p r e s e n t i n g c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s may be a s s i s t e d by t e c h n i c a l a d v i s e r s who may p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e meetings but s h a l l have no v o t e c A m a j o r i t y of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s i s r e q u i r e d t o c o n s t i t u t e a quorum f o r t h e meetings of t h e Assembly Unless o t h e r w i s e provided i n t h i s Convention d e c i s i o n s of t h e Assembly s h a l l be t a k e n by a m j o r i t yof t h e v o t e s c a s t Article Powers and d u t i e s of Assembly 49 The powers and d u t i e s of t h e Assembly s h a l l be to a Elect 8 t each meeting i t s P r e s i d e n t and o t h e r o f f i c e r s b E l e c t t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s t o be r e p r e s e n t e d on t h e Council i n accordance w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter I X c E x m i n e and t a k e a p p r o p r i a t e a c t i o n on t h e r e p o r t s of t h e Council and d e c i d e on any matt e r r e f e r r e d t o i t by t h e Council d Determine i t s own r u l e s of procedure and e s t a b l i s h such s u b s i d i a r y commissions a s i t may c o n s i d e r t o be necessary o r d e s i r a b l e e Vote an annual budget and determine t h e f i n a n c i a l arrangements of t h e Organization i n accordance w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter X I I f Review e x p e n d i t u r e s and approve t h e accounts of t h e Organization g Refer at i t s d i s c r e t i o n t o t h e Council t o s u b s i d i a r y c o m i s s i o n s o r t o any o t h e r body any m a t t e r w i t h i n i t s sphere of a c t i o n h Delegate t o t h e Council t h e powers and a u t h o r i t y necessary o r d e s i r a b l e f o r t h e d i s charge of t h e d u t i e s of t h e Organization and revoke o r modify t h e d e l e g a t i o n s of a u t h o r i t y a t m y time i Carry out t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter X I I I j Consider p r o p o s a l s f o r t h e modifica- t i o n o r amendment of t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Convention and if i t approves of t h e p r o p o s a l s recommend them t o t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s i n accordance w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter XXI k Deal w i t h any m a t t e r w i t h i n t h e sphere of a c t i o n of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n not s p e c i f i c a l l y a s s i g n e d t o t h e Council CHAPTER I X THE COUNCIL Article Composition a n d e l e c t ion of Council 50 a The Council shall be a permanent body respon s i b l e t o t h e Assembly It s h a l l be composed of twenty one c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s e l e c t e d by t h e Assembly An e l e c t i o n shall be h e l d a t t h e f i r s t meeting of t h e Assembly and t h e r e a f t e r every t h r e e y e a r s and t h e memb e r s of t h e Council so e l e c t e d shall h o l d o f f i c e u n t i l t h e next f o l l o w i n g e l e c t i o n b I n e l e c t i n g t h e nembers of t h e Council t h e Assembly s h a l l g i v e adequate r e p r e s e n t a t i o n t o 1 t h e S t a t e s of c h i e f importance i n a i r t r a n s p o r t 2 the S t a t e s not o t h e r w i s e i n c l u d e d which make t h e l a r g e s t c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e p r o v i s i o n of f a c i l i t i e s f o r i n t e r n a t i o n a l c i v i l a i r n a v i g a t i o n and 3 t h e S t a t e s n o t otherwise i n c l u d e d whose d e s i g n a t i o n w i l l i n s u r e that a l l t h e major geographic a r e a s of t h e world a r e r e p r e - s e n t e d on t h e Council Any vacancy on t h e Council s h a l l be f i l l e d by t h e Assembly as soon ns p o s s i b l e any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e so e l e c t e d t o t h e Council shall h o l d o f f i c e f o r t h e unexpired p o r t i o n of i t s predec e s s o r ' s term of o f f i c e c No r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e on t h e Council s h a l l be a c t i v e l y a ssocia ted with t h e o p e r a t i o n of an i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e o r f i n a n c i a l l y i n t e r e s t e d i n such a s e r v i c e Article 2 The Council shall e l e c t i t s P r e s i d e n t f o r a t e r n of Council of t h r e e y e a r s no v o t e He may be r e e l e c t e d He s h a l l have The Council shall e l e c t from among i t s mem- b e r s one o r more Vice P r e s i d e n t s who s h a l l r e t a i n t h e i r i g h t t o v o t e when s e r v i n g as a c t i n g P r e s i d e n t The P r e s i d e n t need n o t be s e l e c t e d from among t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of t h e members of t h e Council b u t if a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e i s e l e c t e d h i s s e a t s h a l l be deemed vacant and i t s h a l l be f i l l e d by t h e S t a t e which he represented a The d u t i e s of t h e P r e s i d e n t s h a l l be Convene meetings of t h e Council t h e A i r T r n s p o r tCommittee and t h e A i r Navigation Commission b Serve as r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e Council and c C r r yout on behalf of t h e Council t h e f u n c t i o n s which t h e Council a s s i g n s t o him Article 52 Decisions by t h e Council s h a l l r e q u i r e approval by a m a j o r i t y of i t s members The Council may d e l e - g a t e a u t h o r i t y with r e s p e c t t o any p a r t i c u l a r m a t t e r t o a committee of i t s members Decisions of any com- m i t t e e of t h e Council may be appealed t o t h e Council by any i n t e r e s t e d c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e Article Participation without a 53 Any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may p a r t i c i p a t e without a vote i n t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n by t h e Council and by i t s committees and commiseions of any q u e s t i o n which especially a f f e c t s i t s i n t e r e s t s No member of t h e Council she 11 v o t e i n t h e c o n e i d e r a t i o n by t h e Council of a d i s p u t e t o which i t i s a p a r t y r t i c l e54 The Council s h a l l of Council a Submit a n n u d r e p o r t s t o t h e Assembly F Assembly and d i s c h a r g e t h e d u t i e s and o b l i g a t i o n s which a r e l a i d on i t by t h i s Convention c Determine i t s o r g a n i z a t i o n and r u l e s of procedure d Appoint and d e f i n e t h e d u t i e s of an A i r Transport Committee which s h a l l be chosen from among t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of t h e members of t h e Council and which s h a l l be r e s p o n s i b l e t o i t e E s t a b l i e h an A i r Navigation Commission i n accordance with t h e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter X f Administer t h e f i n a n c e s of t h e Organi- z a t i o n i n accordance w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapters X I 1 and XV g Determine t h e emoluments of t h e P r e s i dent of t h e Council h Appoint a c h i e f e x e c u t i v e o f f i c e r who s h a l l be c a l l e d t h e S e c r e t a r y General and make p r o v i s i o n f o r t h e appointment of such o t h e r personnel as may be necessary i n accordance with t h e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter X I i Request c o l l e c t examine and p u b l i e h information r e l a t i n g t o t h e advancement of a i r n a v i g a t i o n and t h e o p e r a t i o n of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e s i n c l u d i n g information about t h e c o s t s of o p e r E t i o n and p a r t i c u l a r s of s u b s i i i i e s p a i d t o a i r l i n e s from p u b l i c funds J Report t o c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s any i n - f r a c t i o n of t h i s Convention a s w e l l as any f a i l u r e t o c a r r y o u t recommendations o r d e t e r m i n a t i o n s k Report t o t h e Assembly any i n f r a c t i o n of t h i s Convention where a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e h a s f a i l e d t o take appropriate action within a reas o n a b l e t i m e a f t e r n o t i c e of t h e i n f r a c t i o n 1 Adopt i n accordance w i t h t h e p r o v i - s i o n s of Chapter V I of t h i s Convention i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d s and recommended p r a c t i c e s f o r convenience d e s i g n a t e them as Annexes t o t h i s Convention and n o t i f y a l l c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s of t h e a c t i o n taken m Consid er recommendations of t h e A i r N a v i g a t i o n Commission f o r amendment of t h e Annexes and t a k e a c t i o n i n accordance with t h e p r o v i s i o n s of Chapter XX n Consider any m a t t e r r e l a t i n g t o t h e Convention which contracting State refers it Article 55 The Council may Permissive functions of Council a Where a p p r o p r i a t e and as e x p e r i e n c e m a y show t o be d e s i r a b l e c r e a t e s u b o r d i n a t e a i r t r a n s p o r t commissions on a r e g i o n a l o r o t h e r b a s i s and d e f i n e g r o u p s of s t a t e s o r a i r l i n e s with o r t h r o u g h which i t m a y d e a l t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e c a r r y i n g o u t o f t h e aims of t h i s Convention b D e l e g a t e t o t h e A i r N a v i g a t i o n Com- mission d u t i e s a d d i t i o n a l t o those s e t f o r t h i n t h e Convention and revoke o r modify s u c h d e l e g a t i o n s of a u t h o r i t y at any time c Conduct r e s e a r c h i n t o a l l a s p e c t s of a i r t r a n s p o r t and a i r n a v i g a t i o n which a r e of i n t e r n a t i o n a l importance communicate t h e r e s u l t s of i t s r e s e a r c h t o t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s and f a c i l i t a t e t h e exchange of information between c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s on a i r t r a n s p o r t and a i r navigation matters d Study any m a t t e r s a f f e c t i n g t h e organ- i z a t i o n and o p e r a t i o n of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r tre nsport i n c l u d i n g t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l ownership and o p e r a t i o n of i n t e r n a t i o n a l air s e r v i c e s on t r u n k r o u t e s anc submit t o t h e Assembly pla ns i n r e l a t i o n thereto e I n v e s t i g a t e at t h e r e q u e s t of any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e any s i t u a t i o n which may appear t o present avoidable obstacles t o the development of i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r n a v i g a t i o n and a f t e r such i n v e s t i g a t i o n i s s u e such r e p o r t s as may appear t o i t d e s i r a b l e CHAPTER X THE AIR NAVIGATION COI4MISSION Article Nomination and appointment of Commission 2 The A i r Navigation Commission shall be composed of twelve members appointed by t h e Council from among persona nominated by c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s These p e r s o n s s h a l l have s u i t a b l e q u a l i f i c a t i o n s and exper i e n c e i n t h e s c i e n c e and p r a c t i c e of a e r o n a u t i c s The Council s h a l l r e q u e s t a l l c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s t o submit nominations The P r e s i d e n t of t h e A i r Naviga- t i o n Commission shall be appointed by t h e Council Article D u t i e s of Commission 57 The A i r Navigation Commission s h a l l a Consider and recommend t o t h e Council f o r adoption m o d i f i c a t i o n s of t h e Annexes t o t h i s Convention b E s t a b l i s h t e c h n i c a l subcommissions on which any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may be r e p r e s e n t e d if i t so d e s i r e s c Advise t h e Council concerning t h e c o l - l e c t i o n and communication t o t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s of a l l i n f o r m a t i o n which i t c o n s i d e r s necessary and u s e f u l f o r t h e advancement of a i r navigation CHAPTER X I PERSONNEL Article Appointment of p e r s o n n e l 58 Subject t o any r u l e s l a i d down by t h e Assembly and t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Convention t h e Council shall determine t h e method of appointment and of t e r m i n a t i o n of appointment t h e t r a i n i n g and t h e s a l a r i e s allowances and c o n d i t i o n s of s e r v i c e of t n e S e c r e t a r y General and o t h e r p e r s o n n e l of t h e Organization and may employ o r make u s e of t h e s e r v i c e s of n a t i o n a l s of any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e - A r t i c l e 59 International c h a r a c t e r of personnel The P r e s i d e n t of t h e Council t h e S e c r e t a r y General and o t h e r p e r s o n n e l shall not seek o r r e c e i v e i n s t r u c t i o n s i n r e g a r d t o t h e d i s c h a r g e of t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s from any a u t h o r i t y e x t e r n a l t o t h e I Organization Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakes f u l l y t o r e s p e c t t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r of t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s of t h e p e r s o n n e l and not t o seek t o i n f l u e n c e any of i t s n a t i o n a l s i n t h e d i s c h a r g e of t h e i r responsibilities 60 Article Immunities and p r i v i l e g e s of personnel Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakes so f a r as p o s s i b l e under i t s c o n s t i t u t i o n a l procedure t o a c c a r j t o t h e P r e e i d e n t of t h e Council t h e S e c r e t a r y General and t h e o t h e r p e r s o n n e l of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n t h e iinrnunities and p r i v i l e g e s which a r e accorded t o corresponding personnel of o t h e r p u b l i c i n t e r n a t i o n a l organizations I f a g e n e r a l i n t e r n a t i o n a l agreement on t h e immunities and p r i v i l e g e s of i n t e r n a t l o n a l c i v i l s e r v a n t s i s a r r i v e d a t t h e irnmunitiee and p r i v i l e g e s accorded t o t h e P r e s i d e n t t h e S e c r e t a r y General and t h e o t h e r personnel of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n s h a l l be t h e immunities and p r i v i l e g e s accorded under t h a t g e n e r a l i n t e r n a t i o n a l agreement CHAPTER XI1 FINANCE Article Budget and apportionment of expenses 61 The Council s h a l l submit t o t h e Assembly an annual budget annual s t a t e m e n t s of accounts and e s t i m a t e s of a l l r e c e i p t s and expenditures The Assembly s h a l l v o t e t h e budget with whatever modific a t i o n i t s e e s f i t t o p r e s c r i b e and w i t h t h e exception of assessments under Chapter XV t o S t a t e s consenting t h e r e t o shall a p p o r t i o n t h e expenses of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n among t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s on t h e b a s i s which i t shall from time t o time determine Article Suspension of v o t i n g power 62 The Assembly may suspend t h e v o t i n g power I n t h e Assembly and I n t h e Council of m y c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e that f a i l s t o dissharge within a reasonable period i t s f i n a n c i a l obligations t o t h e Organization Article Expenses of delegations and o t h e r representatives 63 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s h a l l b e a r t h e expenses of i t s own d e l e g a t i o n t o t h e Assembly and t h e remunerat i o n t r a v e l and o t h e r expenses of any person whom i t a p p o i n t s t o s e r v e on t h e Council and of i t s nominees o r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s on any s u b s i d i a r y committ e e s o r cornmiesions of t h e Organization CHAPTER XI11 OTHER INTERNATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Article Security arrangement s 64 The O r g a n i z a t i o n may w i t h r e s p e c t t o a i r m a t t e r s w i t h i n i t s competence d i r e c t l y a f f e c t i n g world secur i t y by v o t e of t h e Assembly e n t e r i n t o a p p r o p r i a t e arrangements w i t h any g e n e r a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s e t up by t h e n a t i o n s of t h e world t o p r e s e r v e peace Article Arrangements with o t h e r international bodies 65 The Council on behalf of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n may e n t e r i n t o agreements w i t h o t h e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l b o d i e s f o r t h e maintenance of common s e r v i c e s and f o r cornmon arrangements concerning personnel and with t h e approval of t h e Assembly may e n t e r i n t o suzh o t h e r arrangements a e may f a c i l i t a t e t h e work of t h e Organization Article a 66 The Organization s h a l l a l s o c a r r y o u t t h e f u n c t i o n s p l a c e d upon i t by t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r S e r v i c e s T r a n s i t Agreenent and by t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r Transport Agreement drawn up a t Chicago on December 7 1944 i n accordance with t h e terms and conditions therein s e t forth b Members o f t h e Assembly and t h e Council who have not accepted t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r S e r v i c e s T r a n s i t Agreement o r t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r Transport Agreement drawn up a t Chicago on December 7 1944 s h a l l not have t h e r i g h t t o v o t e on any q u e s t i o n s r e f e r r e d t o t h e Aseembly o r Council under t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h e r e l e v a n t Agreement PART 111 -- INTERNATIONAL fi TRANSPORT CHAPTER X I V INFORMATION AND REPORTS Article 67 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakes t h a t i t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r l i n e s s h a l l i n accordance with r e quirements l a i d down by t h e Council f i l e w i t h t h e Council t r a f f i c r e p o r t s c o s t s t a t i s t i c s and f i n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s showing among o t h e r t h i n g s a l l r e c e i p t s and t h e sources t h e r e o f Article Designation of r o u t e s and a i r p o r t s 68 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may s u b J e c t t o t h e prov i s i o n s of t h i e Convention d e s i g n a t e t h e r o u t e t o be followed w i t h i n it s t e r r i t o r y by any i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e and t h e a i r p o r t s which any such s e r v i c e may use Article Improvement of- i r navigation facilities 69 If t h e Council i a of t h e o p i n i o n that t h e a i r - p o r t s o r other air navigation f a c i l i t i e s including r a d i o and m e t e o r o l o g i c a l s e r v i c e s of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e a r e n o t reasonably adequate f o r t h e s a f e r e g u l a r e f f i c i e n t and economical o p e r a t i 3 n o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r s e r v i c e s p r e s e n t o r contemplated t h e Council sha 11 c o n s u l t w i t h t h e S t a t e d i r e c t l y concerned and o t h e r S t a t e s a f f e c t e d w i t h a view t o f i n d i n g means by which t h e s i t u a t i o n may be remedied and m a y make recommendations f o r that purpose No c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e shall be g u i l t y of an i n f r a c t i o n of t h i s Convention i f i t f a i l 9 t o c a r r y o u t t h e s e recommendat i o n s Article Financing of a i r navigation facilities 3 A c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e i n t h e circumstances a r i a - i n g under t h e p r o v i s i o n s of A r t i c l e 69 may conclude en arrangement with t h e Council f o r g i v i n g e f f e c t t o such recommendations The S t a t e may e l e c t t o b e a r a l l of t h e c o s t s involved i n any such armngement If t h e S t a t e does not so e l e c t t h e Council may agree a t t h e r e q u e s t of t h e S t a t e t o provide f o r a l l o r a p o r t i o n of t h e c o s t s Article Provision and maintenance of facilities by Council If R 71 c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e so r e q u e s t s t h e Council may a g r e e t o provide man maintain and a d m i n i s t e r any o r a l l of t h e a i o r t sand o t h e r a i r n a v i g a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s i n c l u d i n g r a d i o and meteorol o g i c a l services r e q u i r e d i n i t s t e r r i t o r y f o r t h e saf e r e g u l a r e f f i c i e n t and economical o p e r a t i o n of t h e i n t e r n a t i o n la i r s e r v i c e s of t h e o t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s and may s p e c i f y j u s t and r e a sonable charges f o r t h e u s e of t h e f a c i l i t i e s provided A r t i c l e 72 Acquisition Where l a n d i s needed f o r f a c i l i t i e s financed i n whole o r i n p a r t by t h e Council at t h e r e q u e s t of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e t h a t S t a t e shall e i t h e r pro- v i d e t h e l a n d i t s e l f r e t a i n i n g t i t l e i f i t wishes o r f a c i l i t a t e t h e use of t h e l a n d by t h e Council on j u s t and reasonable terms and i n accordance w i t h t h e laws of t h e S t a t e concerned A r t i c l e 73 Expenditure and a s s e s s ment of funds Within t h e l i m i t of t h e funds which may be made a v a i l a b l e t o i t by t h e As emblyunder Chapter X I I t h e Council may m k ec u r r e n t e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t h e purposes of t h i s Chapter from t h e g e n e r a l funds of t h e Organization The Council shall a s s e s s t h e Chapter i n p r e v i o u s l y agreed p r o p o r t l o n e over R Pea - 6 0 n b l ep e r i o d of time t o t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s consenting t h e r e t o whose a i r l i n e s u s e t h e f a c i l i t i e s The Council may a l s o a s s e s s t o B t a t e s t h a t consent any working f u n d s that a r e r e q u i r e d Article 74 When t h e Council a t t h e r e q d e s t of a c o n t r a c t assistance and u t i l i - i n g S t a t e advances funds o r p r o v i d e s a i r p o r t s o r revenues o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s i n whole o r i n p a r t t h e arrangement may p r o v i d e with t h e conaent of t h a t B t a t e f o r t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e i n t h e s u p e r v i s i o n and o p e r a t i o n of t h e a i r p o r t s and o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s and f o r t h e payment from t h e revenues d e r i v e d from t h e o p e r a t i o n of t h e a i r p o r t s and o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s of t h e o p e r a t i n g expenses of tht a i r p o r t s and t h e o t h e r f a c i l i t i e s and of i n t e r e s t and a m o r t i z a t i o n charges Article 75 A c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may at any time d i s c h a r g e any o b l i g a t i o n i n t o which i t h a s e n t e r e d under Article O D and t a k e over a i r p o r t s and o t h e r f a c i i - i t i e s which t h e Council has provided i n i t s t e r r i t o r y pursuant t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s of A r t i c l e s 71 and 72 by paying t o t h e Council an emount which i n t h e opinion of t h e Council i s reasonable i n t h e circumstances If t h e S t a t e c o n s i d e r s t h a t t h e amgunt Tixed by t h e Council i s unreasona ble i t may appeal t o t h e Assembly a g a i n s t t h e d e c i s i o n of t h e Council lip i and t h e Aesembly may oonfirm o r amend t h e d e c i s i o n of t h e Council Article Return of funds 3 Funds o b t a i n e d by t h e Council through reimbursement under A r t i c l e 75 and from r e c e i p t s of i n t e r e s t and a m o r t i z a t i o n payments under A r t i c l e 74 s h a l l i n t h e caee of advances o r i g i n a l l y f i n a n c e d by S t a t e s under A r t i c l e 73 be r e t u r n e d t o t h e S t a t e s which were o r i g i n a l l y aeseseed i n t h e proport i o n of t h e i r assessments as determined by t h e Council CHAPTER X V I J O I N T OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS AND POOLED SERVICES Article 77 Nothing i n t h i s Convention s h a l l p r e v e n t two o r more c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s from c o n s t i t u t i n g j o i n t air transport operating organizations o r interna- t i o n a l o p e r a t i n g a g e n c i e s and from p o o l i n g t h e i r a i r s e r v i c e s on any r o u t e s o r i n any r e g i o n s but such o r g a n i z a t i o n s o r a g e n c i e s and such pooled s e r v i c e 8 s h a l l be s u b j e c t t o a l l t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i e Convention i n c l u d i n g t h o s e r e l a t i n g t o t h e r e g i s t r a t i o n of agreements with t h e Council The Council s h a l l determine i n what manner t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Convention r e l a t i n g t o n a t i o n a l i t y of a i r c r a f t shall apply t o a i r c r a f t o p e r s t ed by i n t e r n a t i o n a l operating agencies I v Article Function of Council 3 The Council may suggest t o c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s concerned t h a t they form j o i n t o r g a n i z a t i o n s t o opera t e a i r s e r v i c e s on any r o u t e s o r i n any r e g i o n s Article Participation i n operating organizations 2 A S t a t e may p a r t i c i p 8 t e I n j o i n t o p e r a t i n g organ- i z a t i o n s o r i n p o o l i n g arrangements e i t h e r through I t s government o r through an a i r l i n e company o r comp a n i e s d e s i g n a t e d by i t s government The companies may a t t h e s o l e d i s c r e t i o n of t h e S t a t e concerned be state-owned o r p a r t l y state-owned o r p r i v a t e l y owned PART I V - FINAL PROVISIONS CHAPTER XVII OTHER AERONAUTICAL AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGENENTS Article @ P a r i e and Habana Conventione Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e undertakes immediately upon t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of t h i s Convention t o g i v e n o t i c e of denunciation of t h e Convention r e l a t i n g t o t h e Regulation of A e r i a l Navigation s i g n e d at P a r i s on October 13 1919 o r t h e Convention on Commercial Aviat i o n signed at Habana on February 20 1928 i f i t i s a party t o either A s between c o n t r c t i n gS t a t e s t h i s Convention supersedes t h e Conventions of P a r i s and Habana p r e v i o u s l y r e f e r r e d t o A r t i c l e 81 Registrat ion of e x i s t i n g agreements A l l aeronautica 1 agreements which a r e i n e x i s t - ence on t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of t h i s Convention and which a r e between a oontra cting S t a t e and any o t h e r S t a t e o r between an a i r l i n e of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e and any o t h e r S t a t e o r t h e a i r l i n e of any o t h e r S t a t e shall be f o r t h w i t h r e g i e t e r e d w i t h t h e Council Article 82 The c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s accept t h i e Convention a8 a b r o g a t i n g a l l o b l i g a t i o n s and understanding6 between them which a r e i n c o n a i s t e n t with i t s terme wid undert a k e not t o e n t e r i n t o any euch o b l i g a t i o n s and undelstandings A c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e which b e f o r e beoom- i n g a member of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n hae undertdcen any o b l i g a t i o n s toward a non-contracting S t a t e o r a n a t i o n a l of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e o r of a non-contracting S t a t e i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e terms of t h i e Convention s h l tl a k e immediate e t e p s t o procure i t s r e l e a s e from t h e o b l i g a t i o n s I f an a i r l i n e of any c o n t r a c t - i n g S t a t e hae e n t e r e d i n t o any such i n c o n e i s t e n t o b l i g a t i o n s t h e S t a t e of which i t i s a n a t i o n a l shall use i t s beet e f f o r t e t o secure t h e i r terminatlon f o r t h w i t h and e h a l l i n any event cause them t o be termi- n a t e d a e eoon a e such a c t i o n can l a w f u l l y be t a k e n a f t e r t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of t h i s Convention Article 83 Regletration SubJect t o t h e p r o v i e i o n s of t h e preceding arrangement8 A r t i c l e any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may make arrangement6 not I n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s Convention Any such arrmgement e h a l l be f o r t h w i t h r e g i s t e r e d w i t h t h e Counail which e h a l l make i t p u b l i c aa soon ae p o s s i b l e 1 CHAPTER XVIII DISPUTES AND DEFAULT Article Settlement of d i s p u t e s 84 I f any disagreement between two o r more c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s r e l a t i n g t o t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o r applicat i o n of t h i s Convention and i t s Annexes c n n o tb e s e t t l e d by n e g o t i a t i o n i t s h a l l on t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of any S t a t e concerned i n t h e d i s a g r e e m e n t be d e c i d e d by t h e Council No member of t h e Council a h a l l v o t e i n t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n by t h e Council of any d i s p u t e t o which i t i s a p a r t y Any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e mag s u b J e c t t o A r t i c l e 85 a p p e a l from t h e d e c i s i o n o f t h e Council t o a n ad a r b i t r a l t r i b u n a l a g r e e d upon with the other parties t o the dispute o r t o the Permanent Court of I n t e r n a t i o n a l J u s t i c e Any s u c h a p p e lshall b e n o t i f i e d t o t h e Council w i t h i n s i x t y d a y s of r e c e i p t of n o t i f i c a t i o n of t h e d e c i s i o n of t h e Council A r t i c l e 85 Arbitration procedure If any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e p a r t y t o a d i s p u t e i n which t h e d e c i s i o n of t h e Counci 1 i s u n d e r a p p e a l h a s n o t a c c e p t e d t h e S t a t u t e of t h e Permanent Court of I n t e r n a t i o n a l J u s t i c e and t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t e t e s p a r t i e s t o t h e d i s p u t e cannot a g r e e on t h e c h o i c e of t h e a r b i t r a l t r i b u n a l each of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s p a r t i e s t o t h e d i s p u t e s h a l l name a s i n g l e a r b i t r a t o r who a h a l l name an umpire If e i t h e r c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e p a r t y t o t h e d i s p u t e f a i l s t o name an a r b i t r a t o r w i t h i n a p e r i o d of t h r e e months from t h e d a t e of t h e a p p e a l a n a r b i t r a t o r s h a l l be named on b e h a l f of - G t h a t S t a t e by t h e P r e s i d e n t of t h e Council from a l i s t of q u a l i f i e d and a v a i l a b l e p e r s o n s m a i n t a i n e d by t h e Council I f w i t h i n t h i r t y days t h e a r b i t r e t o r s cannot a g r e e on an umpire t h e P r e s i d e n t of t h e Council s h a l l designs-te a n umpire from t h e l i s t p r e viously referred t o The a r b i t r a t o r s and t h e umpire s h a l l t h e n J o i n t l y c o n s t i t u t e an a r b i t r a l t r i b u n a l Any a r b i t r a l tribuna 1 e s t a b l i s h e d under t n i s o r t h e p r e c e d i n g A r t i c l e she 11 s e t t l e i t s own p r o c e d u r e and g i v e i t s d e c i s i o n s by m n J o r i t y v o t e p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e Council may determine p r o c e d u r a l q u e s t i o n s i n t h e e v e n t of any d e l a y kthich i n t h e o p i n i o n of t h e Council i s excessive Article 86 Unless t h e Council d e c i d e s o t h e r w i s e any d e c i s i o n by t h e Council on whether an i n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r l i n e i s o p e r a t i n g i n conformity w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h i s Convention s h a l l remain i n e f f e c t u n l e s s r e v e r s e d on a p p e a l On any o t h e r m a t t e r d e c i s i o n s of t h e Council s h a l l i f a p p e a l e d from be suspended u n t i l t h e appeal i s d e c i d e d The d e c i s l o n s of t h e Permanent Court of I n t e r n a t i o n a l J u s t i c e and of a n r b i t r a lt r i b u n a l s h a l l be f i n a l and b i n d i n g Article 3 Each c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e u n d e r t a k e s not t o a l l o w t h e o p e r a t i o n o f an a i r l i n e of a c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e t h r o u g h t h e a i r s p a c e above i t s t e r r i t o r y if t h e Council h a s d e c i d e d t h a t t h e a i r l i n e concerned i s not conforming t o a f i n a 1 d e c i s i o n r e n d e r e d i n accordance Article 88 Penalty f o r non-conf o m I t y by S t a t e The Assembly s h a l l suspend t h e v o t i n g power i n t h e Assembly and i n t h e Council of any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e that i s f o u n d i n d e f a u l t under t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s C h a p t e r CWTER X I X WAR Article 89 I n c a s e of war t h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s Convent i o n s n a l l n o t a f f e c t t h e freedom of a c t i o n of a ng of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s a f f e c t e d whether a s b e l l i g e r e n t s o r as n e u t r a l s The same p r i n c i p l e shall a p p l y i n t h e c a s e of any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e which declares E s t a t e of r i a t i o n a l emergency and n o t i f i e s t l i e f a c t t o t h e Council CHAPTER XX ANNEXES Article Adoption and mendL entof a 90 The a d o p t i o n by t h e Council of t h e Annexes d e s c r i b e d i n A r t i c l e 54 subparagraph I s h a l l r e q u i r e t h e v o t e of t w o - t h i r d s of t h e C o u n c i l a t a meeting c a l l e d f o r t h a t p u r p o s e and s h a l l t h e n be subm i t t e d by t h e C o u n c i l t o e a c h c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e Any s u c h Annex o r any amendment of a n Annex s h a l l become e f f e c t i v e w i t h i n t h r e e months a f t e r i t s submission t o t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s o r a t t h e end of such l o n g e r p e r i o d of t i m e as t h e C o u n c i l may p r e s c r i b e u n l e s s i n t h e memtime a m a j o r i t y of t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s r e g i s t e r t h e i r disapproval w i t h t h e Council b The Council s h a l l immediately n o t i f y a l l c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s of t h e coming i n t o f o r c e of any Annex o r amendnent t h e r e t o RATIFICATION3 ADHERENCES AMENDMENTS AND DENUNCIATIONS Article Ratif icat i o n of Convention a 91 This Convention s h a l l be s u b j e c t t o r a t i - f i c a t i o n by t h e s i g n a t o r y S t a t e s The i n s t r u m e n t s o f r a t i f i c a t i o n shall be d e p o s i t e d i n t h e a r c h i v e 6 of t h e Government of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of America which s h a l l g i v e n o t i c e of t h e d a t e of t h e d e p o s i t t o e a c h of t h e s i g n a t o r y and a d h e r i n g S t a t e s b A s soon as t h i s Corivention 'has been r a t i - f i e d o r a d h e r e d t o by t w e n t y - s i x S t a t e s i t s h a l l come i n t o f o r c e between them on t h e t h i r t i e t h day a f t e r d e p o s i t of t h e t w e n t y - s i x t h i n s t r u m e n t It s h a l l come i n t o f o r c e f o r e a c h S t a t e r a t i f y i n g t h e r e - a f t e r on t h e t h i r t i e t h day f t e tr h e d e p o s i t of i t s i n s t r u m e n t of r a t i f i c a t i o n c I t shall be t h e d u t y of t h e Government of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of America t o n o t i f y t h e governrflent of e a c h of t h e s i g n a t o r y and a d h e r i n g S t a t e s of t h e d a t e on which t h i s Convention comes i n t o f o r c e Articls Adherence to Convention a 92 T h i s Convention s h a l l be open f o r adher- ence by members o f t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s a n d S t a t e s ass o c i a t e d with them and S t a t e s which remained n e u t r a l d u r i n g t h e p r e s e n t world c o n f l i c t b Adherence s u a l l be e f f e c t e d by a n o t i f i c a - t i o n a d d r e s e dt o t h e Government of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of America and shall t a k e e f f e c t as from t h e t h i r t i e t h day from t h e r e c e i p t of t h e n o t i f i c a t i o n by t h e Government of t h e United S t a t e s of America which shall n o t i f y a l l t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s Admission of other States S t a t e s o t h e r than those provided f o r i n A r t i c l e s 9 1 a-nd 9 2 a may s u b j e c t t o a p p r o v a l by any g e n e r a l i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s e t up by t h e n a t i o n s of t h e world t o p r e s e r v e peRce be adirnitted t o p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h i s Convention by means of a f o u r - f i f t h s v o t e of t h e Assembly md on s u c h c o n d i t i o n s as t h e Assembly may p r e s c r i b e p r o v i d e d t h a t i n each c a s e t h e a s s e n t of any S t a t e i n v a d e d o r a t t a c k e d d u r i n g t h e p r e s e n t war by t h e S t a t e s e e k i n g admission s h a l l be n e c e s s a r y Article Amendment of Convention 94 a Any proposed amendment t o t h i s Convention must be approved by a t w o - t h i r d s v o t e of t h e Assembly and s h a l l t h e n come i n t o f o r c e i n r e s p e c t of S t a t e s which have r a t i f i e d such amendment when r a t i f i e d by t h e number of c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s s p e c i f i e d by t h e Assembly The number so s p e c i f i e d shall n o t be l e s s t h a n t w o - t h i r d s of t h e t o t a l number of c o n t r a c t i n g States b If i n i t s o p i n i o n t h e amendment i s of such a n a t u r e as t o J u s t i f y t h i s c o u r s e t h e Assembly i n i t e r e s o l u t i o n recommending a d o p t i o n may p r o v i d e t h a t any S t a t e which has n o t r a t i f i e d w i t h i n a s p e c i f i e d p e r i o d a f t e r t h e amendment h a s come i n t o f o r c e s h a l l thereupon c e a s e t o be a member of t h e O r g a n i z a t i o n and a p a r t y t o ' t h e Convention - A r t i c l e 95 7 Denunciation Convention a Any c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e may g i v e n o t i c e of d e n u n c i a t i o n of t h i s Convention t h r e e y e a r s a f t e r i t s coming i n t o e f f e c t by n o t i f i c a t i o n a d d r e s s e d t o t h e Government of t h e United S t a t e s of America which s h a l l a t once inform e c hof t h e c o n t r a c t i n g S t a t e s b Denunciation s h a l l t a k e e f f e c t one y e a r from t h e d a t e of t h e r e c e i p t o f t h e n o t i f i c a t i o n and shall o p e r a t e o n l y as r e g a r d s t h e S t a t e e f f e c t i n g t h e denunciation CHAPTER X X I I DEFINITION3 Article 96 For t h e purpoee of t h i e Convention t h e expres- a H A i r s e r v i c e n means any echeduled a i r s e r v i c e performed by a i r c r a f t f o r t h e p u b l i c t r a n e p o r t o f p a s s e n g e r s mail o r c a r g o b H I n t e r n a t i o n a l a i r e e r v i c e N means an a i r s e r v i c e which p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h e a i r s p a c e o v e r t h e t e r r i t o r y of more t h a n one S t a t e c L A 1 r l i n e u means any a i r t r a n s p o r t e n t e r p r i e e o f f e r i n g o r o p e r a t i n g an i n t e r n a tlonal a i r service - t d ''Stop f o r n o n - t r a f f i c p u r p o s e s means a l a n d i n g f o r any purpose o t h e r t h a n t a k i n g on o r d i s c h a r g i n g p a s s e n g e r s cargo o r mail SIGNATUX OF CONVENTION I N WITNESS lJJHEREOF t h e u n d e r s i g n e d p l e n i p o t e n t i a r i e s having been d u l y a u t h o r i z e d s i g n t h i e Convention on b e h a l f of t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e governments on t h e d a t e s a p p e a r i n g o p p o s i t e t h e i r DONZ a t Chicago t h e s e v e n t h day of December 1944 i n t h e E n g l i s h language A t e x t drawn up i n t h e E n g l i s h French and S p a n i s h langu ges each of which s h a l l be of e q u a l a u t h e n t i c i t y s h a l l be open f o r s i g n a t u r e a t Washington D C Both t e x t s s h a l l be d e p o s i t e d i n t h e a r c h i v e s of t h e Government of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s of America and c e r t i f i e d c o p i e s s h a l l b e t r a n s m i t t e d by t h a t Governaent t o t h e governments of a l l t h e S t a t e s which may s i g n o r a d h e r e t o t h i a Convention FOR THE GOVE flR-'ENT OF THE FOR 32mm Xena d 9 cit 796 FOR Sm Mme Le non BRAZIL 0 1 L - 12 W4 - 1-4 1 FOR CAN A mn camFOR CHINA FOR COLOMB FOR COSTA RICA mncum W29 l r FOR CZECHOSLOVAKIAFOR THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SW 333 FOR 31 suvapoa 4 7 FOR ETHIOPIA H0 FOR GUATEMALA 30-l9621 aw W1 1 ran nonmms 1 - FOR ICELAND FOR INDIA FOR IRAQ 52-0 FOR LEBANON W77 FOR LIBERIA FOR BUXEMBOURG 4% FOR MEXICO FOR THE NETHERLANDS FOR lHE T FOR NORVAYt OF i- 99c FOR PANAMA The Delegation e t the e p y b l i cof Panama signs t h i s Convention geferendum and subJe'ct to the following reservations d i t s s t r a t e g i c position and responsibility 1 e c i u s of i n the protection of the means of communication in its t e r r i tory which are of the u t r o s t importance t o world trade a d v i t a l t o the defense of' the Western Hemisphere the Republic of Panama reserves the r i g h t t o take with respect t o all f l i g h t s through the a i r -space ibove Its t e r r i t o r y a11 measures which in Its -judgment may be proper f o r its own security o r the protection of said means of cormaunication 2 The Republic of Panama understands that the technicax w x e s t o which reference is made in the Convention constitute recommendations only and not binding obligations FOR PARAGUAY FOR PORTUGAL WW WW FOR SPAIN FOR SVEDEN FOR sum-mm 1 1 Mint FOR SYRIA 7c FOR TURKEY 6 Mime-i - FOR THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA FOR WE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BEiITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND - Q4mAb L - FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AXERICA w - FOR UilUGUAY FOR VENEZUELA FOR YUGOSLAVIA 1 FOR 13mm $12 Ala Z @q wpau L di If i 7 ouvw FOR THAILAND