ICS-CERT Year in Review Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team 2016 NCCIC Contents Welcome 1 FY 2016 Highlights and Accomplishments 4 Watch Floor Operations 6 Incident Response 8 Vulnerability Coordination 9 Technical Analysis 10 Assessments 13 CSET® 14 Training 16 Industrial Control Systems Joint Working Group 18 ICS-CERT Information Products Released in 2016 20 Moving Forward 22 ICS-CERT Assessments FY 2016 Metrics 23 ICS-CERT Fiscal Year and Calendar Year 2016 Metrics 24 Welcome NCCIC ICS-CERT In 2016 the National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center’s NCCIC role within the Department of Homeland Security’s DHS cybersecurity mission continued to evolve and expand In July President Obama issued Presidential Policy Directive PPD -41 which identifies the Federal Government’s principles concerning cyber incident coordination among federal agencies The directive identifies the five principles for incident response through three lines of effort PPD-41 designates NCCIC as the lead for asset response one of the three lines of effort NCCIC will respond to an incident at the request of the affected asset owner to stop the attack mitigate its affects and provide the asset owner with guidance on making its system more secure NCCIC will then share anonymized information about the attack with other asset owners so they can learn from each incident and better protect their systems As we move into a new year ICS-CERT continues unceasingly to combat the ever-increasing threats to the CI that provides the important services Americans rely on each day in their personal and professional lives In this 2016 Year in Review however we pause to look back on ICS-CERT’s accomplishments over the past year Also this year NCCIC and the Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team ICS-CERT joined an interagency team in travelling to Ukraine after cyber attacks on the country’s power infrastructure These attacks which occurred on December 23 2015 caused unscheduled power outages affecting many Ukrainian power customers The team worked with the Ukrainian government to understand and gain insight about the attacks It has been another busy and successful year for NCCIC and once again I am proud of all that they have accomplished Moving into 2017 we continue to look for ways to be more effective in the fight against cyber threats and we look forward to continuing the dialogue with our partners in government industry and the critical infrastructure CI community that helps us do so Sincerely John Felker NCCIC Director of Operations Department of Homeland Security In 2016 ICS-CERT joined with the Federal Protective Services FPS and the General Services Administration GSA to form the Federal Facility Control Systems Security Program FFCSSP This program assesses security in Federal facilities with ICS-CERT conducting the cybersecurity portion of the assessment The ICS-CERT private sector Assessment team conducted a cybersecurity assessment at Levi’s Stadium in advance of Super Bowl 50 and was onsite at the game to monitor coordinate and report any cybersecurity threats or incidents In March and April ICS-CERT and the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI conducted unclassified in-person briefings and online webinars concerning the attacks against Ukrainian power infrastructure in December 2015 Overall this past year ICS-CERT completed work on 290 cyber incidents coordinated 305 vulnerabilities analyzed 100 malware samples conducted 130 cybersecurity assessments released two new versions of the Cyber Security Evaluation Tool CSET® and released a new edition of the Recommended Practice Improving Industrial Control System Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies document In addition ICS-CERT again hosted multiple regional trainings around the country including one in Lisbon Portugal and two Industrial Control Systems Joint Working Group ICSJWG meetings one in Scottsdale Arizona and one in Ft Lauderdale Florida As the threat to the Nation’s CI expands ICS-CERT continues to grow to meet each new challenge I am impressed with how ICS-CERT has continued its excellent work as our team continues to expand I am proud of what the team has accomplished and I am sure they will accomplish even more in 2017 Sincerely Marty Edwards ICS-CERT Director Department of Homeland Security ICSJWG Government Coordinating Council GCC Chair 1 NCCIC The National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center NCCIC is a 24x7 cyber situational awareness incident response and management center that is a national nexus of cyber and communications integration for the Federal Government intelligence community and law enforcement The NCCIC shares information among public and private sector partners to build awareness of vulnerabilities incidents and mitigations ICS-CERT The Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team ICS-CERT is one of NCCIC’s four branches ICS-CERT works closely with private sector asset owners vendors and government agencies at all levels Federal state local and tribal to protect America’s critical infrastructure CI from cyber attacks With these entities ICS-CERT works to coordinates the sharing of information services and tools to help CI asset owners prevent mitigate and recover from cyber incidents and attacks The United States depends on CI to support national defense economic stability and public health and safety Presidential Policy Directive PPD -21 identifies 16 CI sectors Any disruptions or destruction to CI could be catastrophic for the Nation ICS-CERT’s activities include eight main functions Four are operations functions which include situational awareness incident response vulnerability coordination and technical analysis The other four are risk reduction functions including cybersecurity assessments distribution of the Cyber Security Evaluation Tool CSET training and Industrial Control Systems Joint Working Group ICSJWG activities ICS-CERT Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team 2 With honor and integrity we will safeguard the American people our homeland and our values DHS Mission Statement With honor and integrity we will safeguard the American people our homeland and our values NCCIC Vision The NCCIC vision is a secure and resilient cyber and communications infrastructure that supports homeland security a vibrant economy and the health and safety of the American people NCCIC Mission The NCCIC mission is to reduce the likelihood and severity of incidents that may significantly compromise the security and resilience of the Nation’s critical information technology and communications networks ICS-CERT Mission ICS-CERT’s mission is to reduce risk to the Nation’s critical infrastructure by strengthening control systems security and resilience through public-private partnerships 3 FY 2016 Highlights and Accomplishments • Assessments ICS-CERT conducted 130 onsite and remote cybersecurity assessments across 12 of the 16 CI sectors in 19 states Washington D C and Guam Of these 130 assessments 32 were CSET assessments 55 were Design Architecture Review DAR assessments and 43 were Network Architecture Verification and Validation NAVV assessments In August the Assessments team also released its FY 2015 annual report NCCIC ICS-CERT Industrial Control Systems Assessments Summary Report • CSET 7 1 and 8 0 The CSET development team released two new versions of CSET in 2016 The team released CSET 7 1 in February and CSET 8 0 in September The latest version includes new standards a simplified user interface protected modules custom questionnaires and enhanced network diagramming window and additional network components In FY 2016 ICS-CERT distributed over 10 000 copies of CSET in 120 countries • ICSJWG This year the ICSJWG team again hosted two successful ICSJWG meetings with a total of 594 attendees The team hosted the Spring Meeting at the Chaparral Suites in Scottsdale Arizona on May 3–5 This meeting was the largest to date bringing together 306 stakeholders from the ICS community The ICSJWG 2016 Fall Meeting took place on September 13–15 at Embassy Suites Ft Lauderdale—17th Street 4 in Ft Lauderdale Florida This meeting brought together 288 attendees Over the course of each three-day ICSJWG meeting the 594 attendees had the opportunity to network and interact through demonstrations presentations panels and lightninground talks • Incident Response In FY 2016 the ICS-CERT Incident Response team completed work on 290 incidents The Critical Manufacturing Sector accounted for 63 of these incidents while the Communications Sector had 62 and the Energy Sector had 59 Spear phishing represented 26 percent of these incidents making it the leading access vector for ICS-CERT’s FY 2016 incidents Network scanning and probing accounted for 12 percent • Information Products In August ICS-CERT released the NCCIC ICS-CERT Industrial Control Systems Assessment Summary report In September ICS-CERT released the Recommended Practice Improving Industrial Control System Cybersecurity with Defensein-Depth Strategies document and the NCCIC ICS-CERT FY 2015 Annual Vulnerability Coordination Report In November ICS-CERT released a Malware Trends white paper • Super Bowl 50 Assessment ICS-CERT conducted a cybersecurity assessment at Levi’s Stadium in advance of Super Bowl 50 in Santa Clara California and the team was onsite at the Super Bowl 50 Operations Center monitoring coordinating and reporting activities relating to cyber or communications threats and incidents • Technical Analysis In FY 2016 the Advanced Analytical Laboratory AAL performed in-depth analysis on 100 malware samples the results of which contributed to multiple ICS-CERT alerts and advisories Also this year the AAL has continued modernization efforts to keep pace with changing technology • Training In FY 2016 24 350 students registered and 17 773 students completed at least one of the online courses offered The Training team hosted regional training sessions for 1 076 attendees in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Baton Rouge Louisiana Boston Massachusetts and Lisbon Portugal conducted for EUCOM ICS-CERT Training presented the Red Team Blue Team exercise 12 times in FY 2016 and hosted 506 students In early April the Training team conducted the pilot of an Incident Responder course and developed a new instructional course for CSET The team completed a major systems upgrade to the Control Systems Analysis Center CSAC integrating additional control system hardware and software into the Red Team Blue Team exercise networks • Ukraine Action Campaign After the attacks against Ukrainian power infrastructure on December 23 2015 DHS’s NCCIC and ICS-CERT along with the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI the Department of Energy DOE and other Federal agencies worked with the government of Ukraine to understand the attacks In March and April ICS-CERT and the FBI conducted unclassified in-person briefings and online webinars for asset owners and representatives from all levels of government to increase awareness of the threat and provide additional information The briefing sessions provided details about the events surrounding the attack techniques used by the threat actors and strategies for mitigating risks and improving the cyber defensive posture of an organization • US-CERT Portal Migration to HSIN This year DHS consolidated all secure portal capabilities into a single platform the Homeland Security Information Network HSIN HSIN is the trusted network for homeland security mission operations to share sensitive but unclassified information with streamlined collaboration and real-time communications throughout all homeland security mission areas The US-CERT Portal NC4 Mission Center migrated all content to HSIN including the ICS-CERT compartment This migration provides significant functionality features and enhanced security and it enables greater customization and configuration for the communities formerly compartments that move to HSIN • Vulnerability Coordination ICS-CERT handled 187 vulnerability tickets and coordinated 305 unique vulnerabilities Ukraine Action Campaign Locations New York NY April 18 2016 Attendance 52 Washington DC April 12 2016 Attendance 74 Los Angeles CA April 29 2016 Attendance 57 Denver CO April 27 2016 Attendance 27 Chicago IL April 25 2016 Attendance 43 Kansas City MO April 14 2016 Attendance 89 Houston TX April 19 2016 Attendance 52 Atlanta GA April 22 2016 Attendance 73 5 NCCIC Watch Floor Locations NCCIC Watch Floor Arlington VA NCCIC Watch Floor Idaho Falls ID NCCIC Watch Floor Pensacola FL Watch Floor Operations NCCIC maintains watch floor operations capabilities in three geographically separate locations Idaho Falls Idaho Pensacola Florida and Arlington Virginia NCCIC’s watch floor operations are the primary entry point for threat vulnerability and incident reporting as well as classified and unclassified information dissemination Watch floor operations coordinate the interaction between stakeholders and ICS-CERT by ingesting triaging and tracking incidents to resolution Watch floor operations coordinate with other ICS-CERT and NCCIC components the law enforcement and intelligence community and other external partners NCCIC’s watch floor operations provide incident response services including digital media analysis and onsite response recovery and mitigation support vulnerability coordination and disclosure and situational awareness Idaho National Laboratory Idaho National Laboratory INL is a Department of Energy DOE National Laboratory located in Idaho Falls Idaho When DHS was formed Congress directed DHS to utilize the DOE laboratories and ICS-CERT has done this for over 10 years in Idaho DHS ICS-CERT leverages a significant amount of INL’s top level talent such as control systems and cybesecurity expertise through an Inter Agency Agreement IAA with DOE INL personnel make up a majority of ICS-CERT’s overall staff and provide support for all ICS-CERT functions as well as hosting one of the three NCCIC watch floors and the AAL 6 alerts and advisories to warn of cyber threats affecting the Nation’s CI Other core watch operations functions include providing input for briefings to senior government officials supporting the cybersecurity common operational picture by providing threat information and analysis inputs and leading operational information management processes including the operation of ICS-CERT’s incident management system ICS-CERT conducted 10 webinars 137 presentations and 196 teleconferences for stakeholders to help them understand the threats to CI At the request of stakeholders ICS-CERT published and distributed a document titled Seven Steps to Effectively Defend Industrial Control Systems The guide highlights strategies that if implemented correctly could have mitigated all major incidents reported to ICS-CERT in FY 2015 The document is available on the ICS-CERT web site On December 23 2015 Ukrainian power companies experienced unscheduled power outages affecting a large number of customers in Ukraine An interagency team composed of representatives from the NCCIC ICS-CERT U S Computer Emergency Readiness Team US-CERT DOE FBI and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation NERC traveled to Ukraine to collaborate and gain more insight The Ukrainian government worked closely and openly with the U S team and shared information to help prevent future cyber attacks Although analysis is still ongoing the team of both U S and Ukrainian government officials has not been able to confirm a causal link between the power outage with the presence of the malware In the wake of this event ICS-CERT conducted four webinars and eight presentations describing the events to assist stakeholders in understanding the event ICS-CERT Director Marty Edwards talks with DHS NPPD Under Secretary Suzanne Spaulding during a visit to the NCCIC watch floor in Idaho Falls Idaho ICS-CERT and NCCIC fall under DHS’s Office of Cybersecurity and Communications CS C and the National Protection and Programs Directorate NPPD NPPD CS C and NCCIC leadership regularly travel to ICS-CERT’s site at INL in Idaho Falls Idaho In August ICS-CERT hosted NPPD Under Secretary Suzanne Spaulding the highest ranking DHS official to visit INL On these visits NPPD CS C and NCCIC leadership meet with the team and leadership to discuss cybersecurity and departmental issues and to gain the perspective of personnel doing ICS-CERT’s cybersecurity work These visits also include a tour of ICS-CERT’s facilities as well as many of INL’s non ICS-CERT facilities and capabilities NPPD Under Secretary Suzanne Spaulding speaks to the ICS-CERT team in Idaho Falls Idaho 7 Incident Response Incident response is fundamental to ICS-CERT’s mission to reduce risk to the Nation’s CI The Incident Response team responds to and helps mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting industrial control systems ICS in each of the 16 CI sectors across the United States At the request of private industry asset owners ICS-CERT provides incident response services to assess the extent of the compromise identify the threat actor’s techniques and tactics and assist the asset owner in developing strategies for mitigation recovery and improving ongoing cyber defenses ICS-CERT also collaborates with international and private sector Computer Emergency Response Teams CERTs and Computer Security Incident Response Teams CSIRTs to share control systems-related security incidents and mitigation measures The coordination among these partners provides ICS-CERT with a unique perspective of the overall cyber risk landscape and emerging threats ICS-CERT conveys this information through outreach activities briefings and information products such as alerts and advisories as well as technical information papers recommending strategies for improving cyber defense Every year adversaries develop increasingly sophisticated attacks against control system networks ICS-CERT provides onsite incident response conducts technical 8 analysis of artifacts and malware develops mitigation strategies for asset owners and provides configuration analysis to help detect and prevent evolving threats ICS-CERT assists asset owners with tools and services beyond traditional network monitoring in identifying potential threat actors present in control system networks Incident Response in FY 2016 In FY 2016 the ICS-CERT Incident Response team completed work on 290 incidents The Critical Manufacturing Sector accounted for 63 of these incidents while the Communications Sector had 62 and the Energy Sector had 59 Spear phishing represented 26 percent of these incidents making it the leading access vector for ICS-CERT’s FY 2016 incidents Network scanning and probing accounted for 12 percent Also in FY 2016 the team responded to the first known cyberattack to result in physical impact to a power grid In another instance they responded to an incident where an asset owner found low-level malware with persistent malicious remote access in its water control system Because of these events ICS-CERT published a number of alerts and advisories as well as conducted a national outreach campaign to share lessons learned and technical artifacts with critical infrastructure asset owners ICS-CERT’s Vulnerability Coordination Process 1 Detection and Collection 2 Analysis 3 Mitigation Coordination 4 Application of Mitigation and 5 Disclosure Vulnerability Coordination The primary objective of the ICS-CERT Vulnerability Coordination team’s work is the timely mitigation of vulnerabilities to reduce the likelihood of a successful cyber attack against the Nation’s CI In this effort the Vulnerability Coordination team engages with Federal state local and tribal governments and with ICS owners operators and vendors in the private sector Vulnerability coordination requires technical expertise and close trusted partnerships with each of these key stakeholders in the ICS community ICS-CERT’s vulnerability coordination process includes five basic steps listed above next column In the detection and collection step the Vulnerability Coordination team collects vulnerability reports through vulnerability analysis and monitoring of public sources or they receive vulnerability information directly from researchers Upon learning of a vulnerability the team eliminates duplicates and false alarms and they catalog each vulnerability In the analysis step the team works with vendor analysts to examine the vulnerability and identify all its potential threats In the mitigation coordination step the team works with the vendor for mitigation and patch issuance The Vulnerability Coordination team allows sufficient time for the vendor to effectively resolve and perform patch regression testing against any given vulnerability In the application of mitigation step the team coordinates with vendors to allow sufficient time for affected end users to obtain test and apply mitigation strategies prior to ICS-CERT’s public disclosure of the vulnerability In the disclosure step after coordinating with vendors and gathering technical and threat information the team publishes an alert or advisory to notify end users about the vulnerabilities ICS-CERT strives to disclose accurate neutral objective information ICS-CERT references other available information on vulnerabilities and corrects misinformation when necessary Vulnerability Coordination in FY 2016 ICS-CERT handled 187 vulnerability tickets and coordinated 305 unique vulnerabilities The Vulnerability Coordination team worked closely with researchers and vendors to encourage patching of validated vulnerabilities The Vulnerability Coordination team also put together two different research panel discussions for the fall 2016 ICSJWG meeting The two panels consisted of vulnerability researchers and medical research companies that provided different perspectives in the ICS community Vulnerability Coordination Case Study from 2016 This past August NCCIC ICS-CERT received notice that a remote attacker had used a zero-day exploit against the maritime transportation sector The attacker exploited an SQL injection vulnerability in a web-based application used by multiple U S ports that provides real-time access to operational logistics information resulting in a loss of valuable data Once notified of this cyber attack ICS-CERT issued an alert detailing the vulnerability and providing mitigation measures ICS-CERT also contacted the vendor of the application to learn additional details and the status of a patch to mitigate the vulnerability ICS-CERT then successfully notified all U S ports using the software and confirmed that they acquired and installed the necessary patch ICS-CERT also shared the alert with relevant international partners and encouraged them to install the patch Thanks to these efforts the maritime transportation sector is more secure resilient and better prepared to respond to the next cyber attack 9 Technical Analysis ICS-CERT’s Technical Analysis team consists of several groups working toward a common goal Technical analysis includes all aspects of malware analysis reverse engineering log and artifact analysis long-term analysis exploring systemic vulnerabilities potential future threats tactics techniques and procedures and other intractable long-term problems The AAL performs ICS-CERT’s primary technical analysis work The AAL performs most of the malware and artifact analysis Primary backup support for the AAL and the majority of our applied research projects takes place at Sandia National Laboratory SNL We also have an agreement with and sponsor research by the Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT Advanced Analytical Laboratory The AAL provides research and analysis capabilities in support of ICS-CERT’s incident response assessment and vulnerability coordination activities The AAL’s expert cybersecurity researchers perform forensic analysis on digital media reverse engineer malware and respond to cyber incidents with both onsite and remote capacity When possible the AAL performs analytical efforts remotely in a laboratory environment using custom tools and techniques In some cases however onsite analysis is required and a team deploys to perform analytical efforts directly on the owner’s network 10 DHS NPPD Under Secretary Suzanne Spaulding presents ICS-CERT’s AAL team with a DHS NPPD appreciation award In FY 2016 the AAL performed in-depth analysis on 100 malware samples This work helped ICS-CERT to publish multiple alerts warning the ICS community of the threats involved and provided information for detecting and mitigating intrusion activity The AAL continues to host summer interns looking for advanced exposure to ICS security work This year the AAL hosted an intern from the University of Nebraska at Omaha at its facilities on the Idaho National Laboratory campus in Idaho Falls Idaho providing experience with our malware analysis and artifact analysis processes This intern was also able to participate in a review of Structured Threat Information Expression STIX modernization efforts and a project to scope an ICS hardware laboratory Sandia National Laboratory Air Force Institute of Technology Sandia National Laboratory SNL performs yearround research work and develops prototype tools on behalf of the ICS-CERT In addition SNL assists the AAL with malware analysis when requested SNL’s recent focus has been on analysis efforts in multiple data locations within the ICS network space and visualizing this analysis for responders These efforts include the following ICS-CERT’s relationship with the Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT is in its sixth year and continues to expand In FY 2016 ICS-CERT supported AFIT’s groundbreaking research program including twelve Masters students one PhD student and two faculty researchers dedicated to protecting critical infrastructure Highlights for FY 2016 include three journal articles that seek to improve ICS cyber range capabilities cyber insurance modelling for CI owners and anomaly detection using timingbased side channels for ICS In addition to the journal articles AFIT published two separate peer-reviewed book chapters that researched organizational structure for cyber first responders and examined a practical application of ICS honeypot emulation Students have also presented their research at the 10th Annual International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection and the International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security • The Process Logic Extraction and Analysis Tool PEAT enables business process logic verification through extraction of logic over the network and “disassembly” of multiple Process Logic formats into human-readable formats • BroBounds simplifies the process of writing intrusion detection system IDS scripts for the Modbus protocol in the Bro IDS tool by auto generating the script from choices the user makes in the interface AFIT’s current graduate research efforts include the following • Expanding capabilities to evaluate cyber warriors and defenders • Archimedes expands on BroBounds by providing an interface to the Elasticsearch Logstash Kibana ELK stack for simple analysis of Bro data visualizations that Kibana cannot perform analytics that are too situation-specific for Kibana analytics that are capable of machine learning and providing the means to write new analytics on the fly • Advancing ICS honeypot research leveraging proxy technology to protect critical assets by surrounding key components with decoys • The Inquisit binary analysis tool received many performance enhancements for binary analysis of all types of files particularly binary comparison features for use with process logic • Anomaly detection for level 0 field devices running 4-20 ma current loops • Enhancing cyber insurance models for CI asset owners • Threat intelligence applied to ICS • Adapting risk methodologies for medical device protection within care-giver spaces and AFIT’s research is publicly available at the following URL http www afit edu CCR 11 Assessments ICS-CERT Private Sector Assessments As a core part of its mission to reduce risk to the Nation’s CI ICS-CERT provides onsite and remote cybersecurity assessments to CI asset owners and operators to strengthen the cybersecurity posture of their ICS ICS-CERT bases its assessments on standards guidelines and best practices and provides them to CI asset owners and operators at no cost using our Congressional funding The assessment methodology provides a structured framework that asset owners and operators can use to assess re-assess protect detect and continually validate the cybersecurity of their ICS networks The information gained from assessments also provides stakeholders with the understanding and context necessary to build effective defense-in-depth processes for enhancing their cybersecurity posture ICS-CERT’s private sector Assessment team works with asset owners to determine which set of assessment services best fits the needs of that particular organization The services provided may include a combination of a facilitated CSET DAR and or NAVV assessment depending on the current state and goals of the organization The services provided by the private sector Assessment team are transitioning from individual CSET DAR and NAVV assessments to an integrated process including all the assessment offerings along with more advanced analytics to provide improved actionable feedback to asset owners The assessment process includes a baseline assessment using CSET a deep-dive design architecture review of the ICS communications and networking architecture and analysis of the network data communications Moving forward the ICS-CERT Assessment team is working to include log analysis to the overall assessment services in FY 2017 This integrated assessment approach has been evolving in FY 2016 and has notably found abnormal network traffic that indicated a potential system breach during several assessments On such occasions the ICS-CERT Assessment team handed the asset owner over to the ICS-CERT Incident Response team to provide assistance through the identification and mitigation process Assessments in FY 2016 In FY 2016 ICS-CERT conducted 130 cybersecurity assessments across 12 of the 16 CI sectors in 19 states Washington D C and Guam Of these 130 assessments 32 were CSET assessments 55 were DAR assessments and 43 were NAVV assessments In addition ICS-CERT is supporting broader DHS efforts by providing assessments for the Regional Resiliency Assessment Program RRAP RRAP is a cooperative assessment of specific CI within a designated geographic area and includes a regional analysis of the surrounding infrastructure In FY 2016 ICS-CERT conducted 16 cybersecurity assessments with Infrastructure Protection IP in coordination with RRAP ICS-CERT is also working to develop the FY 2016 NCCIC ICS-CERT Annual Assessment report which will provide a year-end summary of ICS-CERT’s private sector assessment activities to include FY 2016 assessment findings and observations as well as highlighting cybersecurity vulnerabilities and risk mitigation ICS-CERT will post this report to its web site once completed Federal Facility Control Systems Security Program New to FY 2016 is the Federal Facility Control Systems Security Program FFCSSP a joint effort by ICS-CERT Federal Protective Services FPS and General Services Administration GSA to assess control systems building automation used by government-owned and leased facilities and occupied by Federal employees for non-military activities The Facility Security Level FSL of each facility’s Facility Security Committees FSC will determine the prioritization of these assessments Facilities with a security level of 3 4 or 5 are considered high-risk facilities and will be ICS-CERT’s top priorities at the onset of execution and in sustainment of all risk assessment activities The FFCSSP will conduct assessments in Tiers I II and III and ICS-CERT will be primarily responsible for cybersecurity assessments Tier III FPS will be responsible for physical security technology assessments Tiers I and II and GSA for the overall responsibility for supporting assessments and applying countermeasures These assessments involve a comprehensive review of systems and network architectures and encompass topology verification operational processes communication protocols evaluation of security controls and other areas related to the control system These assessments also offer detailed mitigation plans and recommendations FFCSSP will perform them on the most complex and critical facilities in the portfolio Lastly the assessments will provide Federal tenants and owner-operators with technical knowledge of their systems and include plans to address security issues as well as provide countermeasures and facility risk factors 13 CSET® CSET is a self-contained software tool that runs on a desktop or laptop computer CSET provides a systematic disciplined and repeatable approach for evaluating an organization’s security posture It does not require connection to the Internet or to any control system or corporate network CSET guides asset owners and operators through a step-by­ step process to evaluate ICS and information technology IT network security practices CSET’s developers designed it to focus user time in the areas that are most effective for conducting a self-assessment The application contains a feature-rich network diagramming capability provides a comprehensive analysis of the network’s adherence to industry recognized cybersecurity standards and produces executive level summary and detailed reports ICS-CERT released CSET Version 7 1 in February 2016 This release included • NIST SP800-161—Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Federal Information Systems and Organizations SP800-161 added additional supply chain management controls to CSET • NERC CIP priority list—Using the NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection CIP Violation Risk Factors CSET now provides a priority ranked list of an asset owner’s NERC-CIP controls 14 • Enhanced dashboard—The CSET team redesigned the gaps analysis dashboard to include additional information simplified navigation and improved access to detail charts • Requirements organized by standard—CSET now presents questions and requirements in the order of the standard Users can also now perform text searches directly on the question screen as well as sort and reorder questions based on how they apply to different standards • Custom parameter values—Users can now enter custom parameter values for standards with requirements that include parameters and they can customize and store these parameter values in CSET • New network components—The number of network components is double what it was and now includes stencils for ICS IT medical and emergency management radio components • Protected modules—Custom private questionnaire support The ability for organizations to request that custom questionnaires be integrated into the tool enabled by a protected key ICS-CERT released CSET Version 8 0 in September 2016 This release included • Custom questionnaires—Users now have the ability to create custom questionnaires from any of the existing CSET Questions • Simplified User Interface—Enhanced and additional assistance to help users select their standards determine security assurance levels and prepare for an assessment • HIPAA—Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act the standard for protecting sensitive patient data • SANS CSC top 20—The Critical Security Controls are a recommended set of actions for cyber defense • CCIs—Control Correlation Identifiers descriptions for “singular actionable statements” that comprise a security control or security best practice • Enhanced network-diagramming window—The diagramming functionality is now in its own separate window that provides more screen space and facilitates working other CSET functions independently • Additional network components—New network components including a System Information and Event Management System SIEMS Windows Update Server WUS Logging Server Power over Ethernet Switches and eighteen specialized medical devices In FY 2016 ICS-CERT distributed 10 249 copies of CSET in 120 countries • NIST SP800-171—A standard designed to protect controlled unclassified information CUI outside the government 15 Training Training is a fundamental component of any robust cybersecurity strategy ICS-CERT supports CI sectors and the control system community by offering multiple training courses ranging in difficulty at numerous locations around the country and online ICS-CERT provides these trainings specifically for the personnel responsible for the oversight design and operation of control systems All courses are offered free of charge In FY 2016 the Training team updated the online and classroom course materials multiple times to include the latest data on threats and vulnerabilities and their appropriate mitigations from cybersecurity experts ICS-CERT is currently sponsoring 15 training courses and developing two more ICS-CERT online training courses are as follows • Operational Security OPSEC for Control Systems 100W • Differences in Deployments of ICS 210W-01 • Influence of Common IT Components on ICS 210W-02 • Common ICS Components 210W-03 • Cybersecurity within IT and ICS Domains 210W-04 • Cybersecurity Risk 210W-05 • Current Threat Trends in ICS 210W-06 • Current Vulnerability Trends in ICS 210W-07 • Determining the Impacts of a Cybersecurity Incident 210W-08 The 101 201 and 202 courses are available in combination at various locations multiple times per year Accompanying hardware and software demonstration systems show exploits and mitigation tactics in the numerous exercises ICS-CERT Training offers the 301 course in Idaho Falls Idaho This course includes a week of hands-on training featuring a very competitive Red Team Blue Team exercise that takes place within an actual control systems environment Training in FY 2016 In FY 2016 24 350 students registered and 17 773 students completed at least one of the online courses offered The team hosted regional training sessions for 1 076 attendees in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Baton Rouge Louisiana Boston Massachusetts and Lisbon Portugal ICS-CERT Training presented the Red Team Blue Team exercise 12 times in FY 2016 and hosted 506 students In early April the Training team conducted the pilot of an Incident Responder course and developed a new instructional course for CSET The team completed a major systems upgrade to the CSAC integrating additional control system hardware and software into the Red Team Blue Team exercise networks • Attack Methodologies in IT and ICS 210W-09 and • Mapping IT Defense-In-Depth Security Solutions to ICS 210W-10 The Training team designed the 100W course to increase awareness and provide students the tools to recognize potential weaknesses in daily operations The team designed the 210W series of courses to cover a broad range of topics related to cybersecurity for ICS For the most comprehensive training trainees should take the courses in order 210W-01 through 210W-10 ICS-CERT classroom training courses are as follows • Introduction to Control Systems Cybersecurity 101 • Intermediate Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems—Part 1 201 lecture only • Intermediate Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems—Part 2 202 with lab exercises and • Advanced Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems 301 with lab exercises 16 DHS NPPD Under Secretary Suzanne Spaulding presents ICS-CERT’s Training team with a DHS NPPD appreciation award Feedback from Training attendees “Excellent management of the educational balance ” “This is one of the best organized and most effective training courses I have ever attended ” Pittsburgh Pennsylvania ICS-CERT Regional Training October 2015 Feedback from Training attendees “This is an excellent course I have paid a lot of money in the past for courses that were not 1 10th as good ” Baton Rouge Louisiana ICS-CERT Regional Training February 2016 Feedback from Training attendees “The best part of this exercise is the IT OT joint participation ” “The amount of hands-on is invaluable Awesome week Loved it ” Boston Massachusetts ICS-CERT Regional Training June 2016 Attendee on what he liked the least about the training “That it is over already ” Lisbon Portugal ICS-CERT Regional Training September 2016 17 Scottsdale Arizona ICS-CERT ICSJWG 2016 Spring Meeting Industrial Control Systems Joint Working Group ICS-CERT established the Industrial Control Systems Joint Working Group ICSJWG in 2009 to enhance collaboration between ICS stakeholders and to facilitate partnerships between the Federal Government and private sector in all CI sectors The ICSJWG is a principle component of the Strategy for Securing Control Systems providing a coordination group for sharing information and facilitating stakeholder efforts to manage cybersecurity risk The ICSJWG provides a vehicle for the ICS community to network collaborate and share information freely ICSJWG Biannual Face-to-Face Meetings The focal point of the ICSJWG is the biannual face-to-face meetings These meetings provide the opportunity for anyone in the ICS community newcomers and industry veterans alike to network and share information formally or informally through presentations panels training sessions demonstrations and ad hoc discussions among peers The face-to-face meetings are unique in that they target the ICS community and include all sectors with subject matter experts from private industry trade associations information sharing groups academia and governmental agencies 2016 Spring Meeting The ICSJWG hosted the 2016 Spring Meeting at Chaparral Suites in Scottsdale Arizona from May 3–5 This meeting was the largest to date bringing together 306 stakeholders from the ICS community Over the course of three days attendees had the opportunity to network and interact through demonstrations presentations panels and lightning round talks Highlights of the 2016 Spring Meeting • Keynote presentations from - Gregory Touhill Deputy Assistant Secretary for Cybersecurity and Communications DHS - Frank Grimmelmann President and CEO of Arizona Cyber Threat Response Alliance ACTRA - Mark Fabro President and Chief Scientist of Lofty Perch and - Marty Edwards Director of ICS-CERT DHS • A hands-on forensics technical workshop that allowed attendees to learn recommended best practices for performing hard drive and memory captures on a live system The focus on networking and collaboration is what sets the ICSJWG meetings apart from a mere conference with presentations ICSJWG members consistently give the face-to-face meetings high ratings for their relevancy and value to their professional lives ICSJWG meetings are direct reflection of the ICS community and the ICSJWG Program Management Office PMO strives to continuously improve the meetings based on Marty Edwards speaking at the Ask Me Anything stakeholder feedback session at the ICSJWG 2016 Spring Meeting 18 • The ICSJWG’s second Vendor Expo which allowed the ICS vendor community to share its literature experience and insight with participants in a booth-type arrangement • An Ask Me Anything session with Marty Edwards 2016 Fall Meeting Ukraine infrastructure cyber attacks to elucidate some of the findings of the group and explain mitigation techniques and strategies The ICSJWG PMO will also look to explore methods of turning the most popular presentations from ICSJWG meetings into webinars so those who are unable to attend meetings in person could enjoy and benefit from the highest-rated presentations The ICSJWG hosted the 2016 Fall Meeting in Fort Lauderdale Florida from September 13-15 at the Embassy Suites Fort Lauderdale 17th Street hotel This meeting brought together over 288 stakeholders from the ICS community and over half of the stakeholders were first-time attendees Highlights of the 2016 Fall Meeting • Keynote presentations from - Billy Rios Founder of WhiteScope - Joel Langill ICS Cybersecurity Subject Matter Expert at AECOM Management Services Group - John Felker Director of Operations NCCIC DHS and - Marty Edwards Director of ICS-CERT DHS • A hands-on technical workshop and training focused on Network Monitoring of ICS and Google Hacking Shodan • Plenary panel sessions focused on Vulnerability Coordination and Research • An Ask Me Anything session with Marty Edwards ICSJWG Webinars In addition to the biannual meetings the ICSJWG sponsors ad-hoc webinars to address issues that are of concern to ICS stakeholders These issues range from technical solutions to problems to newly found vulnerabilities with corresponding mitigation techniques ICS-CERT has also used ICSJWG resources to produce more technically specific webinars about relevant and high profile issues that affect the entire community As an example ICS-CERT representatives conducted a webinar campaign in the aftermath of the Other ICSJWG Activities The ICSJWG also provides informational products to the broader ICS community to raise awareness regarding a particular issue or to address a specific need In addition the ICSJWG acts as a vehicle for community members to distribute and receive relevant information from other stakeholders The ICSJWG Quarterly Newsletter includes relevant information from ICS-CERT along with articles and whitepapers submitted by the community The ICSJWG Steering Team The ICSJWG Steering Team IST is composed of the ICSJWG PMO and select volunteers from the ICSJWG community The IST provides guidance for the ICSJWG and all associated initiatives with the overall objective of enhancing and growing the collaborative efforts of the ICSJWG thereby leading to an improved security posture among ICS stakeholders IST representatives are drawn from a variety of different areas in the ICS community including asset owners vendors state local government officials consultants integrators and representatives from industry associations academia and international organizations These representatives act as resources and liaisons to the broader ICS community and bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to the effort to continuously improve the ICSJWG and related activities Ft Lauderdale Florida ICS-CERT ICSJWG 2016 Fall Meeting 19 ICS-CERT Information Products Released in 2016 NCCIC ICS-CERT Industrial Control Systems Assessment Summary Report 8-4-2016 RT ICS-CE ems NCCIC l Control Syst port a e R ri st nter ry u a d m In ation Ce ent Sum unicationsy InRetespgronse Team Assessm rsecurity and Cobemmr Em ergenc s Cy l Cybe Nationa Control System l Industria FY 2015 https ics-cert us-cert gov sites default files Annual_Reports FY2015_Industrial_Control_ Systems_Assessment_ Summary_Report_S508C pdf NCCIC ICS-CERT FY 2015 Annual Vulnerability Coordination Report 9-28-2016 https ics-cert us-cert gov sites default files Annual_Reports NCCIC_ICS-CERT_FY%20 2015_Annual_Vulnerability_ Coordination_Report_S508C pdf I Recommended Practice Improving Industrial Control System Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies 9-13-2016 https ics-cert us-cert gov sites default files recommended_practices NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_ Depth_2016_S508C pdf 20 Malware Trends White Paper 11-2-16 NCCIC Nation al Cyberse Commu curity and nicatio ns Inte gration https ics-cert us-cert gov sites default files documents NCCIC_ICS-CERT_AAL_ Malware_Trends_Paper_S508C pdf Malwa Industr re Tren ds ial Cont rol Syste Advanc ms Emergenc ed Analy y tical La Response Team boratory ICS-CE AAL RT Octobe r 2016 This prod uct is prov ided subj ect only to the Notificat ion Sect ion as indicated here http www us -cert gov privacy Center ICS-CERT MONIT R ICS-CERT Monitor ICS-CERT publishes the Monitor Newsletter bimonthly six times a year as a service to personnel actively engaged in the protection of critical infrastructure assets The Monitor offers a means of promoting preparedness information sharing and collaboration with the 16 critical infrastructure sectors This newsletter highlights recent activities and information products affecting control systems and provides a look ahead at upcoming ICS-CERT events The current issue of the Monitor along with past issues is available at the following URL https ics-cert us-cert gov monitors If you have questions or comments about the content of the Monitor or if there are topics you would like to see covered please contact ICS-CERT at ics-cert@hq dhs gov ICS-CERT MONIT ICS-CERT MONIT R R 21 Moving Forward Moving into 2017 ICS-CERT’s activities will continue unabated as ICS-CERT looks to improve cybersecurity capabilities and extend services in support of the Nation’s 16 CI sectors ICS-CERT will continue to share timely and focused cybersecurity information with ICS stakeholders and it stands prepared to meet each new challenge as it comes In 2017 the ICS-CERT private sector Assessment team’s services will continue transitioning from individual CSET DAR and NAVV assessments toward an integrated process including all the assessment offerings along with more advanced analytics to provide improved actionable feedback to asset owners The team will work with asset owners to determine which set of assessment services best fits the needs of that particular organization ICS-CERT is actively exploring additional resources that would provide facilitated CSET assessments so that ICS-CERT can focus on the more comprehensive integrated assessment activity mentioned The team is also working to include log analysis to the overall assessment services The CSET team is planning two new releases of CSET again next year These releases will include new standards such as NIST 800-53 Revision 4 for Information Technology and the NERC CIP Version 6 standard for the Energy Sector In addition a new “discoveries” feature based on ICS-CERT Assessment team onsite visits will provide immediate vulnerability mitigation recommendations for selected issues as part of the analysis process The Vulnerability Coordination team will be adding additional staff in 2017 to address an increasing ticket workload and they will be revising the format for alerts and advisories to be more concise and easier to interpret Because of high demand the Training team is planning on a significant increase in the number of Red Blue 301 22 training sessions next year and will be conducting a session approximately every three weeks beginning in the spring of 2017 In addition the number of online training courses will be increased and enhanced with additional graphics and exercises The Training team will continue to conduct offsite sessions including new venues in the United States and Europe They are also working to become an accredited provider AP of continuing education units CEU through the International Association of Continuing Education and Training IACET and they expect to complete the process in 2017 The ICSJWG team will be focusing on improving leadership coordination and strategic direction by utilizing the IST to help expand membership and promote additional engagement across all critical infrastructure sectors ICS-CERT is also looking into additional IST liaison roles including representation from the Information Sharing and Analysis Center ISAC community ICS-CERT is actively working to identify venues in all 10 designated Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA regions given the diffuse nature of the ICS community for ICSJWG biannual meetings to increase awareness of ICS security as a whole There is no way to know what cybersecurity threats 2017 will bring but we do know that new threats will emerge ICS-CERT will continue into 2017 working tirelessly toward its mission to reduce risk to the Nation’s CI by strengthening control systems security and resilience through public-private partnerships To stay apprised of what ICS-CERT is doing in 2017 sign up for our GovDelivery service to be notified of ICS-CERT alerts advisories Monitor newsletter and other product releases Users can also sign up for a HSIN account for access to NCCIC Portal releases and can follow ICS-CERT on Twitter at the following URL https twitter com icscert ICS-CERT Assessments FY 2016 Metrics Total FY 2014–2016 onsite assessments by sector Sector Chemical Sector Commercial Facilities Sector Communications Sector Critical Manufacturing Sector Dams Sector Defense Industrial Base Sector Emergency Services Sector Energy Sector Financial Services Sector Food and Agricultural Sector Government Facilities Sector Healthcare and Public Health Sector Information Technology Sector Nuclear Reactors Materials and Waste Sector Transportation Systems Sector Water and Wastewater Systems Sector FY 2014 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 43 0 0 5 0 0 5 10 38 FY 2015 3 0 0 0 0 3 10 33 0 0 12 0 3 0 9 39 FY 2016 7 4 5 5 2 0 3 22 0 3 10 0 3 0 10 56 Totals 104 112 130 Number of Sectors Assessed 7 16 8 16 11 16 FY 2016 Assessments by State 0 1-2 3-5 6-30 2 4 2 6 1 5 7 2 25 9 18 6 3 3 3 3 16 3 5 4 3 130 Total Assessments for FY 2016 23 ICS-CERT Fiscal Year and Calendar Year 2016 Metrics 24 NCCIC ICS-CERT FY Metrics ICS Incident Reports - Tickets ICS Incident Response Onsite Deployments ICS Related Vulnerability Reports - Tickets ICS-CERT Information Products ICS-CERT Portal Accounts Distributed or Downloaded CSET® Onsite Assessments Professionals Trained Number of Training Sessions ICSJWG Membership Speaking Engagements 2014 245 4 159 339 1 654 5 132 104 800 21 1 726 168 2015 295 5 189 332 1 667 7 565 112 1 330 29 1 912 342 2016 290 3 187 274 2 360 10 249 130 1 622 29 2 476 343 NCCIC ICS-CERT CY Metrics ICS Incident Reports - Tickets ICS Incident Response Onsite Deployments ICS Related Vulnerability Reports - Tickets ICS-CERT Information Products ICS-CERT Portal Accounts Distributed or Downloaded CSET® Onsite Assessments Professionals Trained Number of Training Sessions ICSJWG Membership Speaking Engagements 2014 232 6 167 362 1 944 6 364 106 1 048 27 1 733 188 2015 303 4 177 316 1 710 7 800 130 1 542 29 2 000 380 2016 222 2 257 287 1 444 10 461 121 1 292 26 2 491 323 Contact ICS-CERT ICS-CERT encourages you to report suspicious cyber activity and vulnerabilities affecting critical infrastructure control systems U S Toll Free 1-877-776-7585 International 208 526-0900 Email ics-cert@hq dhs gov Web site https ics-cert us-cert gov ICS-CERT Report an Incident page https ics-cert us-cert gov Report-Incident ICS-CERT Information page https ics-cert us-cert gov About-Industrial-Control-Systems-Cyber-Emergency-Response-Team Contact NCCIC NCCIC encourages you to report suspicious cyber activity and vulnerabilities affecting government or critical infrastructure enterprise IT systems NCCIC Service Desk and Customer Service Phone 888 282-0870 Email NCCICCustomerService@hq dhs gov To speak with or to contact the NCCIC Duty officer 24x7 Phone 703 235-5273 Email NCCIC@hq dhs gov NCCIC 1 6-504 8