UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No Doc No 005342571 Date 05 13 2013 IN PAGE 01 STATE 286244 ORIGIN INFO ADS-00 EA-10 021 6601 1 DRAFTED APPROVED --105641 2612382115 26091 OZ OCT 80 FM SECSTATE WASHDC INFO AMEMBASSYKATHMANDU 0000 CONFIDENTIALSTATE286244 FOLLOWING HONG KONG 16148 DTD 10 15 80 SENT ACTION SECSTATE INFO RANGOON BANGKOK BEIJING GUANGZHOU MOSCOW NEW DELHI SEOUL SHANGHAI AIT TAIPEI CINCPAC HONOLULU BEING REPEATED FOR YOUR INFO HONG KONG16148 E O 12065 GDS 10 10 86 TAGS PINT ECON MOPS CH NP IN SUBJ C TIBET TROUBLE IN A VASSAL STATE 1 c - ENTIRE TEXT 2 SUMMARY CHINA HAS BADLY MISMANAGED TIBET THE MISTAKES AND EXCESSES OF THE PAST TWENTY YEARS ARE ALL STARKLY APPARENT IN THE REGION MISPLACED EFFORTS TO INTRODUCE CHINESE TECHNIQUES AND NING HAVE DAMAGED THE ECONOMY FOR YEARS TO COME TIBETANIZATION-- THE RECALL OF 85 PERCENT OF LOCAL HAN CADRES--IS THE CENTERPIECE OF NEW POLICIES AND WILL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A VVIDE- RANGING LOOSENING OF ECONOMIC CONTROLS THE CHINESE SEEM ANXIOUS TO BRING ABOUT THE RETURN OF THE DALAI LAMA BUT THIS AND OTHER ASPECTS OF THE NEW POLICIES MAY BE UNDERMINED BY SHARP DIVISIONS CONFIDENTIAL LREVIEW AUTHORITY Charles Lahiguera Senior PAGE 02 STATE 286244 IN BOTH THE CHINESE AND TIBETAN CAMPS LIBERALIZATION IN TIBET IS PARTLY AIMED AT IMPROVING TIES HOWEVER AND THAT MAY PROPEL THE CHINESE TO OVERCOME WHAT OTHERWISE SEEM TO BE INSURMOUN- TABLE OBSTACLES TO THEIR NEW PROGRAM FOR TIBET END SUMMARY 3 CONGENOFF VISITED TIBET SEPTEMBER 19-24 AS A MEMBER OF A PRC-ORGANIZED TOUR FOR HONG KONG-BASED JOURNALISTS THE GROUP HAD CONVERSATIONS WITH CHINESE OFFICIALS INCLUDING FIRST PARTY SECRETARY YIN AND THE CONSUL GENERAL ONE-MAN DIPLOMATIC CMMUNITY 4 POVERTY AND ARDENT BUDDHISM ARE THE REALITIES OF TIBET TWENTY YEARS AFTER THE DALAI LAMA FLED MOST TIBETANS ARE STILL UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State CaseNo Doc No 005342571 Date 05 13 2013 czogmmimc Cm Ombmnama 9n m m m 08 20 Tmoabig 000 20 Um m 0m _m 02 wchm- rm mrw _20cm _ m _m 02m _m m0020 0 I m mom Om mm 20 2 020 20 02m Um0m4m 4m mIQuw m mrr m mcmw 20 0m E mr momzm 0 0 20 2 mOCm 2202 2 5 00 3 _m 02m Wmvazmm mmOmZA m_u_u0_M _ m Wm_2m _2 2me m m00202 0 00m jm0 w I m rm0 wc001_m _ w 0mm1 u 02 5w Aim Am 2 fmoo mboo 2202 mdm mm 20 U303 0m 003 d0 mm 0m 2 3mm 04 1me m Nm0 _2 0_um2_20 0m 02r 02m _u 0m ow Nmomh 0 3 2mm 20 2 50234 00 03 Hmm_ mom _u_N_mmd _000 9 09 mm mm m0 20 19 0 m00202 0 I m mm 0_u_u _2 5mm OI m0m mCEuOmam0 w 01302 r OI_mem E520 mom mo mmomzq 0_u I m m_ZOm 80m 204Imm woLo HummOng O_u 20 Swumo m m24 _2 41m 00203402 mm mIOm 0r0 _ I_20 20 mImrij 3mm Ammo 30m Aoum $40 QAFOQZESQ 3w MA New Ammomm Em 2 c zv dmma 3 i a m z j02 6m 42 2 am 3 m m m2 m2 0m_u _ I 0_u 0 0m 55009 3 m 4cmm w mrm _m 522 OI_mem 920m Ammo I m C20r mm uzm0 C m 9 m m m 20 0-930% 000 20 0 0meme 0m m omiw oa UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No Doc No C05342571 Date 05 13l2013 FARMERS TO PLANT MORE AND MORE WENTER WHEAT THE NEW CROP YIELDED HIGHER OUPUT BUT USED UP FOUR-FIFTHS OF AVAILABLE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND LEACHED THE SOIL BY 1977 UNIT YIELD BEGAN CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 04 STATE 286244 TO DECLINE RURAL DISCONTENT MOUNTED WITH TH INCREASE IN WHEAT ACREAGE AND THE CONSEQUENT DECLINE IN BARLEY OUTPUT FARMERS HELD ONTO THEIR DIMINISHING BARLEY RESERVES SELLING THEIR WHEAT TO THE STATE URBAN UNREST FOLLOWED AS BARLEY PRICES SKYROCKETED AND THE GOVERNMENT ATTEMPTED TO FORCE WHEAT ON THE NON-FAG POPULATION 7 MISCONCEIVED EFFORTS TO INTRODUCE CHINESE TECHNIQUES AND PLANNING DAMAGED OTHER SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY AS WELL WS MOTIVATED CRACKDOVVNS ON THE PRIVATE SECTOR PUT MOSLEM BUTCHERS OUT OF BUSINESS BECAUSE RELIGIOUS TENETS OF THE BUDDHIST MAJORITY PROHIBIT SLAUGHTERING MEAT SUPPLIES DROPPED TO RAISE FOREIGN EXCHANGE LED THE GOVERNMENT TO BUY UP ALL AVAILABLE YAK HIDES NOMADS WHO USE THE HIDES FOR TENTS WERE UNABLE TO PURCHASE THEM EITHER IN STATE STORES OR AT FREE MARKETS OVERALL DEVELOPMENT IS BEING HELD BACK BY DELAYS IN COMPLETING A RAILWAY LINKING TIBET WITH CHINA PROPER A NEW RAIL LINE BETWEEN LHASA AND QINGHAI PROVINCE WAS SCHEDULED TO OPEN IN 1985 BUT MAY BE ABANDONED BECAUSE CHINESE PLANNERS FAILED TO TAKE ACCOUNT OF SEVERAL HUNDRED KILOMETERS OF PERMAFROST ON THE ROUTE 8 TIBETANIZATION THE REPATRIATION OF MOST ETHNIC HAN CADRE TO CHINA PROPER IS THE CENTERPIECE OF NEW POLICIES IN THE REGION THE NEWAPPROACH WAS ANNOUNCED SHORTLY AFTER AN IN- SPECTION VISIT BY PARTY HU YAOBANG AND VICE PREMIER WAN Ll TO TIBET IN MAY PERCENT OF THE CHINESE OFFICIALS ARE TO BE RECALLED OVER A PERIOD OF THREE YEARS 20 PERCENT IN 1980 60 PERCENT IN 1981 AND 5 PERCENT IN 1982 THIS WILL REVERSE PRESENT RATIOS IN WHICH ETHNIC CHINESE ACCOUNT FOR ONLY 120 THOUSAND 6 PERCENT OF 1 83 MILLION CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 05 STATE 286244 POPULATION BUT HOLD 26 THOUSAND 45 PERCENT OF THE 58 THOUSAND CADRE POSITIONS THE AIM OF TIBETANIZATION ACCORDING TO LOCAL OFFICIALS IS TO CREAT AN ADMINISTRATION IN WHICH LEADERSHIP POSITIONS AT EACH LEVEL ARE HELD BY TIBETANS NO DOUBT BEIJING WILL CONTINUE TO HOLD ON TO THE REINS OF THELESS THE NEW POLICY MARKS A SIGNIFICANT DEPARTURE FROM EARLIER EFFORTS TO TIBET WITH CHINESE 9 THE NEW ATTENTION TO TIBET BECAME EVIDENT SHORTLY AFTER THE FIFTH PLENUM OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE IN FEBRUARY 1980 WHEN THE NEW PARTY SECRETARIAT BEGAN TO FOCUS ON UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No Doc No C05342571 Date 05 13 2013 UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No Doc No 005342571 Date 05 13 2013 THE RISING TENSIONS IN THE MINORITY AREAS CENTRAL DOCUMENT NO 31 ON TIBET ISSUED IN APRIL INITIATED A NUMBER OF REFORMS AND STRUCTED THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT TO ADOPT ANY ECONOMIC MEASURES THAT WORK LHASA PLANS A THREE-YEAR PERIOD OF AND AND TO TURN THE ECONOMY AROUND IN SIX YEARS INEFFICIENT FACTORIES WILL BE CLOSED AND NEW INVESTMENT WILL BE CONCENTRATED IN ANIMAL WEAVING TANNING AND HANDICRAFTS PRIVATE RETAIL SHOPS HANDICRAFTS AND HAWKING ARE BEING EN- COURAGED 400 LICENSES HAVE BEEN ISSUED SO THOUSANDS MORE ARE SELLING WITHOUT PERMITS AND WILL BE EXEMPT FROM TAXES FOR TWO YEARS IN AGRICULTURE THE GOVERNMENT IS ENCOURAGING A RETURN TO TRADITIONAL CROPPING PATTERNS AND CULTIVATION METHODS THE STATE PURCHASE PRICE FOR BARLEY HAS BEEN RAISED FIFTY PERCENT ABOVE THE WHEAT PRICE EACH LOCALITY WILL DETERMINE ITS ORGANI- ZATION OF IN SOME AREAS PRIVATE FARMING AND TWO-THREE FAMILY MUTUAL AID TEAMS WILL BE SET UP 10 BEIJING IS BACKING ITS ECONOMIC LIBERIZATION WITH CASH CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES WILL AMOUNT TO 500 MILLION YUAN THIS YEAR US $331 MILLION AND WILL INCREASE TEN PERCENT DURING EACH OF THE NEXT FIVE YEARS ONLY FOUR CENT OF BUDGET WILL COME FROM LOCAL REVENUE 11 CULTURE SHOCK THE CHINESE AND TIBETANS LOOK AT EACH OTHER ACROSS A CULTURAL CHASM THAT DIVIDES NOMADS FROM AGRICULTURAL CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 06 STATE 286244 THEIR GROUNDING IN MATERIALISTIC PHILOSOPHIES MARXISM AND CONFUCIANISM THE CHINESE SEEM GENUINELY PER- PLEXED AT THE SPIRITUALITY OF A PEOPLE WHO CONSIDER DEATH REINCARNATION MOST IMPORTANT EVENT THE CHINESE GENERALLY DO NOT LIKE LIVING IN THEREFOREN CHINESE OFFICIALS DRAW 30 PERCENT HARDSHIP PAY THREE MONTH PAID VACATION IN EVERY EIGHTEEN AND HAVE THEIR FOOD BROUGHT IN FROM CHINA PROPER THE SCHOOL SYSTEM IS EFFECTIVELY SEGREGATED BY A TWO-TRACK SYSTEM THAT TEACHES TIBETAN ONLY AS A SECOND LANGUAGE TO TIBETAN CHILDREN WITH ENGLISH TAUGHT AS THE SECOND LANGUAGE FOR CHINESE YOUNGSTERS 12 THERE ARE SHARP DIVISIONS AMONG THE RESIDENT CHINESE ON HOWTO HANDLE TIBET THE MORE EXPERIENCED GROUP THOSE WHO ARRIVED IN THE FIFTIES ADVOCATE A SLOW APPROACH TO REFORMING MEDIEVAL STRUCTURE THE MAJORITY TAKE A THOUGHER LINE URGING A SPEEDUP IN THE PACE OF CHANGE THE MILITARY HOWEVER IS THE DOMINANT FORCE IN TIBET AND ITS MAIN CONCERN IS STABIL- ITY THE TROOPS ARE POST-1959 CONSTRUCTION IN LHASA HAS BEEN MAINLY BARRACKS AND OTHER MILITARY INSTALLATIONS THE PLA IS THE MOST DYNAMIC FACTOR IN THE ECONOMY IT BUILDS THE ROADS GROWS ITS OWN FOOD AND CONSUMES MOST OF THE SUPPLIES FROM CHINA PROPER 13 THE TIBETANIZATION PROGRAM HAS NOT GONE OVER WELL WITH THE CHINESE CADRES WHO SEE IT AS THINLY VEILED CRITICISM OF THEIR UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No Doc No 005342571 Date 05 13 2013 38190 300 9390 91918 JO '8'0 NV L38I L M3N 3HJ 3W08 3HJ 0NV NI 03NIV8 L 0NV 038lV8 N338 3AVH A3H L 3HJ N8 i38 0100M OHM 8NV L38I L 30 3HJ A8 0300010 SI 380M111 3H L 3H L 803 83010 8330080 3HJ 30 ANVIN 3H L 0J A8V0 LONV8 AN30 0 L EDNI 038V3 8VH J VHJ 3H L 3 LV LS 80 30Vd VTII883FIE 830808 3H L NI 3HJ NI 0NVH 0VH A73808 L80W1V 0NV OJ 83 LON J83 L08cl i388 30I8NI 830080 TIVINS NMO SIH NI A8 N338 3AVH 0le l38 3MVIN 8 L80333 3H L 8I 8V3A HOV3 0380NOH ma TIV 0 L 038010 L38LL 3338 OJ 0301030 0le l38 LX3N LISIA 3H L 8NVJ 38I L 3H L '83018 H L08 N0 L03333 0NI83 '808 0VH 8VH NOIJ 0IN3 30 3HJ 3HJ 03 L338E 3AVH 80M080 NV L38I L 3HJ 38l3 80 3NI3 0 L 0NV NI AVJS 3H L 1 808 m0 3S3NIHO 3HJ 383H L 0308N3 LVHJ 3HJ 30l8 Ll'10 A83 L8VNOIN N30V0 03A8 L830 3HJ 30 3HJ LV 3HJ i3380 313033 0NV800H L 3N0 NVHJ 380W 0NV 08-01 038330NVININ00 883 880 LN3INN83AOE NV L38I L 8AVO ONLL 80080 0N0038 3HJ 30 3H L 3HJ 03880IN 1V8 LN30 NI 80M080 93 N0 3H L 03AV8 3AVH 01000 A3H L 0 L 3HJ 0J J 0N SNV L38IJ 8380V0 NMO 8I3H L 30 83WIJ 380HJ 30 3HJ 383NIHO 3HJ 0J 8003 0N38 0 L INIH 8VH i38038 NI 88389083 A8 030V8000N3 Si 803 A10l-I8 d 0NV NV 803 SGNVIN30 0NlddO80 803 3HJ 0NITIVO SIH 30 HJJNI 8380 1 83A0 0 L SVH 3HJ 03TIVO 38 JHSIW 8V38V NI INIH 3300 OJ MOH 8i 3HJ OJ 8838 M3N OJ 0NV LN3INN83AOE 3W08 83I83 L8VNOIN 380J 838 80010038 NI 0NVH 3383 883' 80 380W INIH 3N0 O L 8 LI 3HJ OJ MOV8 3HJ 00M 0J N338 8 VINVT 3H L TIIM 17172983 3JV L8 LO 30Vd 0 L 88300V TIIM N3807IHO 8I3H L LVHJ 833 LNV 0NV 3WOH J V 0NV 80F 30 8381W08d 83d08d VNIHO 0 L N8FLL38 O L 0NI80338 38V W3H L 30 ANVIN 83M0cl L88I3 3HJ A3HJ NOI038 W083 dn OJ 38V A3HJ 39190 300 9990 31918 40 '8'0 03I3I88V70N0 Czogmmz m Cm Qn m m m 20 CAKEOM Con 20 Um m om euomqsmU 205 2 Amwmv mm OmHmUr _m 2m mum 13 mom rOZQmm SEE 2 m 02m Wmm oxm mogmjuzzo m2r _ 9 334mm 02 I m O mm wOmUmm cum 2m UmrT KmTr 208 OI_mem vau Q ZU 20 rOZQmm m mmocmmj wmm20m O_u 2 Aim mtg _m mm_Z cmmU 02 30mm r0021 O_u_u_0_ _um mm Umm k zm O_um2 m ow 29 20 A9252 02 I m 030mm-_w0m0mm 4m Um 2mmu r 5 mo 2 920m 00m _ m UmOUmm mm m 0mwm WmOiju EOmme u _2 20 r002 O_u_u_0_ _um I m r 2m Emcm 2052 gmmOI 24m 4m UmOmEmnud 2m _uO_u_O_mm _2 mm Hmmij UO m 35m 8 md m magi m m $2i lmz 103m I m AIWOCOI OZ wI m_u U_ _w_02m _2 OI_mem 20 2 2 mesz Umm m um0 m Zm mum 1 Z O mmOO m O4Imm smm mm me4 0rmm 2m AA O_u vv CZOr mm usz C m 9 mama Zo Tmo obm ow Con 20 Um mu om 3Nko This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu