FACTSHEET THE FIGHT AGAINST DOPING AND PROMOTION OF ATHLETES’ HEALTH UPDATE - FEBRUARY 2018 THE FIGHT AGAINST DOPING The fight against doping is a top priority for the International Olympic Committee IOC which has established a zero-tolerance policy to combat cheating and to hold accountable anyone responsible for using or providing doping products The IOC’s fight against doping began in earnest in the 1960s It is currently carried out in close cooperation with the World Anti-Doping Agency WADA – which was created in 1999 in Lausanne under the initiative of the IOC – and with the support and participation of intergovernmental organisations governments administrations and other public and private bodies involved in the fight against doping in sport Since then the IOC has stepped up the number of tests from 2 359 in Sydney in 2000 to 4 882 in Rio in 2016 While this increase serves as a demonstration of the IOC's commitment to ensuring that athletes play fair there is a greater shift towards using more intelligent testing strategies through increased targeted out-of competition testing The IOC does not hesitate to call on the support and expertise of government authorities and applies sanctions not only to athletes found guilty of doping but also to members of their entourage including coaches doctors etc The IOC works closely with a variety of partners in the Olympic Movement including WADA National Olympic Committees NOCs and International Federations IFs in addition to the National Anti-Doping Organisations NADOs in Olympic host countries to ensure that only “clean” athletes make it to the Games To that end the IOC asks that IFs and NOCs intensify their testing and other anti-doping efforts in the build-up to the Games The IOC also established in collaboration with WADA a testing and intelligence taskforce to minimise the risk of an athlete who might have competed in the Olympic Winter Games PyeongChang 2018 slipping through the cracks and not being subject to doping control ahead of their participation In addition under the World Anti-Doping Code samples can be stored for up to 10 years for future reanalysis The IOC has taken advantage of this possibility of reanalysis to further protect the clean athlete The IOC is pleased that the strong anti-doping message and other efforts to combat the problem have acted as effective deterrents to ensure clean and fair competition for all athletes DURING THE OLYMPIC GAMES The fight against doping during an Olympic Games falls under the remit of the IOC The IOC Medical and Scientific Commission requires the local Organising Committee of an Olympic Games to collect urine and blood samples in compliance with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations In addition the IOC agrees on the number of tests to perform in collaboration with the IFs concerned the Organising Committee and the laboratory accredited for the Olympic Games The IOC decided in March 2016 to delegate the decisions on alleged anti-doping rule violations during the Olympic Games to an independent body namely a new Anti-doping Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport CAS The CAS Anti-Doping Division is now replacing the IOC Disciplinary Commission to hear and decide on doping cases at the Olympic Games Page 1 6 NUMBER OF DOPING TESTS CARRIED OUT DURING THE OLYMPIC GAMES WINTER GAMES Year Place 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 Grenoble Sapporo Innsbruck Lake Placid Sarajevo Calgary Albertville Lillehammer Nagano Salt Lake City Turin Vancouver Sochi WINTER GAMES IOC RMA 1 Year 1972 Number of tests 86 211 390 440 424 492 522 529 621 700 1 200 2 149 2 453 Place Mexico City Munich Montreal Moscow Los Angeles Seoul Barcelona Atlanta Sydney Athens Beijing London Rio Number of tests 667 2 079 2 054 645 1 507 1 598 1 848 1 923 2 359 3 667 4 770 5 051 4 882 NUMBER OF ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS The following tables provide the number of Antidoping Rules Violations ADRVs recorded during or after the Games and leading to a sanction in relation with the Olympic Games Re-analysis after the Games 2010 1 2 1 1 7 7 3 1 2014 8 15 1976 1984 1988 2002 2006 Non IOC RMA 2 Total 1 2 1 1 7 7 4 2 38 As of 02 February 2018 SUMMER GAMES IOC RMA Year SUMMER GAMES Year 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 During the Games 1968 During the Games Reanalysis after the Games Non IOC RMA Athletes 1 7 11 12 10 5 4 11 17 5 1 4 4 7 65 3 2012 9 48 2016 8 As of 22 December 2017 28 4 1972 1976 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 Total Horses 3 7 1 7 11 12 10 5 5 15 29 82 87 12 1 IOC RMA The IOC is the Results Management Authority RMA and directly issues a sanction following an ADRV during the period of the Games including potential further analysis after the Games 2 Non-IOC RMA the IOC is not the Results Management Authority and takes action based on the recognition of the ADRV decided by another authority e g WADA IF The list of Non-IOC RMAs is not exhaustive In addition the IOC can also sanction the entourage of the athletes and members of the delegations The fight against doping and promotion of athletes’ health 20 February 2018 Page 2 6 SUMMARY OF ANTI-DOPING PROCEDURES DURING THE OLYMPIC GAMES During the Games period from the Opening of the Village to the Closing Ceremony all athletes taking part an Olympic Games may be tested before or at a competition whether inside the Olympic Village inside or outside Olympic venues or anywhere in the world NOTIFICATION The athlete receives notification telling him her that he she has been selected for doping control Once notified by duly trained and identified doping control personnel the athlete must report to the identified doping control station within 60 minutes of notification During this time the athlete remains under the constant supervision of the doping control officer or chaperone SAMPLE PROVISION When the athlete is ready to provide a urine sample he she is invited to choose a sample collection vessel The sample is provided under the observation of a doping control officer or chaperone of the same gender as the athlete The quantity of urine to be collected is indicated by the doping control officer Still under the supervision of the doping control officer the athlete separates the urine collected into two bottles A and B which are then sealed by the athlete At the athlete’s request the bottles can be sealed by the doping control officer or the athlete representative if present The collection of blood samples follows the same procedure When a sample is collected out of competition the blood will be taken either at the polyclinic of the Village or at any place specified by the doping control officer DOPING CONTROL FORM The athlete fills in a doping control form indicating if applicable any medicines taken in the seven days preceding the test The form is signed by the athlete the person accompanying the athlete the doping control officer and if applicable any other person whose presence is authorised during the test LABORATORY ANALYSIS The sealed bottles are then transported to the WADA-accredited laboratory where the A sample is analysed in accordance with the procedures conforming to the International Standard for Laboratories ADVERSE ANALYTICAL FINDINGS Should a sample reveal an adverse analytical finding AAF the laboratory enters the test result in the Anti-Doping Administration and Management System ADAMS which is a secure web-based anti-doping database The laboratory notifies the Global Association of International Sports Organisations GAISF by secure means GAISF or the person designated by them performs an initial review including checking whether the athlete has a valid Therapeutic Use Exemption TUE and whether a departure from the International Standards for Testing and Investigations ISTI as well as the International Standards for Laboratories ISL can be identified In the absence of a valid TUE or of a departure from the ISTI or ISL GAISF notifies the athlete and establishes whether he she wants a B sample analysis to take place If GAISF determines that the AAF is a positive result GAISF will assert an anti-doping rule violation and instruct the IOC to bring the case before the CAS Anti-Doping Division DISCIPLINARY COMMISSION The CAS ad-hoc division President immediately appoints a member of the CAS anti-doping adhoc division CAS ADD present at the Games to hear The fight against doping and promotion of athletes’ health 20 February 2018 Page 3 6 the case The athlete as well as the Chef de Mission from the athlete’s NOC are notified and requested to attend the hearing of the CAS ADD with the option of being accompanied by people of their choice The CAS ADD invites the IF concerned and a WADA independent observer to attend the athlete’s hearing Notification to attend the hearing is hand delivered to the NOC The CAS ADD informs the athlete of the alleged anti-doping rule violation against him her and provides all the documents from the laboratory The possibility of having the B sample analysed is then offered If the athlete opts for this solution the athlete is informed of the date and time that the opening of this B sample will be performed at the laboratory in the presence of the athlete and or one person of his her choice The CAS ADD proceeds with the athlete’s hearing It can in addition request the opinion of experts Following the hearing the CAS ADD makes a decision COMMUNICATION TO THE ATHLETE The responsibilities of the IOC IFs NOCs and the CAS have been clearly defined The IOC IFs and NOCs maintain their respective powers and responsibilities to apply doping rules in accordance with their own procedures and in following the rules set out in the Code Consequently decisions handed down in the first instance will be the exclusive responsibility of the IFs NOCs With regard to last instance appeals the IOC IFs and NOCs recognise the authority of the CAS after their own procedures have been exhausted A specific procedure has been put in place for the Olympic Games see section 2 PYEONGCHANG 2018 ANTI-DOPING RULES FOR THE GAMES • • • • • • The decision is forwarded to the athlete and his her NOC by the CAS ADD The athlete can appeal the decision to the CAS ADD or if the CAS ADD is no longer in operation at the Games to the permanent CAS in Lausanne THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE The World Anti-Doping Code established by WADA in consultation with the anti-doping community applies to all athletes coaches instructors officials and all medical and paramedical staff working or dealing with the athletes participating in or preparing for the sports competitions organised in the framework of the Olympic Movement All NOCs and IFs are signatories to the Code Circular Letter – Anti-Doping Rules Anti-Doping Rules Arbitration Rules applicable to the CAS Anti-doping Division The 2018 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods 2018 List IOC Needle Policy IOC Policy Regarding Certain NOC Scientific and Medical Equipment THE MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC COMMISSION The IOC Medical Commission was created in 1967 so that doping which was on the increase in the world of sport could be given appropriate attention Rapidly the structure initially put in place expanded so that the following three fundamental aims could be achieved • Protecting the athletes’ health • Defending medical and sporting ethics • Maintaining equal opportunities for all at the time of competition The Medical and Scientific Commission currently has nine members It is chaired by IOC Member Prof Uğur Erderner The fight against doping and promotion of athletes’ health 20 February 2018 Page 4 6 PROMOTION OF HEALTH Following the creation of WADA the IOC Medical and Scientific Commission saw its role change from managing the fight against doping in sport to active commitment to protecting athletes’ health through education research and the drafting and publishing of Consensus Statements MEETINGS AND CONSENSUS STATEMENTS Since the Athens Olympic Games in 2004 the Commission has produced consensus statements by holding meetings with groups of experts These have covered the following themes • EDUCATION One of the IOC Medical and Scientific Commission’s tasks is to organise courses for the NOCs devoted to all areas of sports medical and science These courses give the NOCs the most up-to-date information regarding developments in this area These courses are organised under the aegis of the Medical and Scientific Commission thanks to funding from Olympic Solidarity and close collaboration with the NOC Continental Associations The IOC Medical and Scientific Commission also organises an annual Advanced Team Physician Course ATPC for NOC physicians and physios as well as a triennial World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport During the Olympic Games the Medical and Scientific Commission holds symposia and workshops MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC EXPERT GROUP The IOC Medical and Scientific Commission also has an Expert Group whose role is to identify the problems affecting or likely to affect athletes’ health and to offer solutions by involving the whole of the scientific community These areas include among others • Women and sport • Children and sport • Physiotherapy • Oral health • Exercise and Health Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Legacy • Sport rules and presentations Consensus Meeting on Sex Reassignment and Hyperandrogenism • NCD Exercise and Health • Health consequences of a saturated sports calendar • Exercise during pregnancy and after childbirth for elite athletes • Concussion in sport • Health and fitness of young people through physical activity and sport • Sport nutrition • Periodic evaluation of the health of the athlete • Injuries of the ACL female athlete • Asthma among elite athletes • Harassment and sexual abuse in sport • Molecular Basis of connective tissue and muscle injuries in sport • Training the elite child athlete • Sudden cardiovascular death in sport • The female athlete triad • Pain management RESEARCH Injury and illness monitoring is a key activity of the Medical and Scientific Commission Games Group during the Olympic Games Data is collected and analysed with the long-term objective of protecting the health of the athlete The IOC Medical and Scientific Commission has recognised ten Research Centres of Excellence for the prevention of injury and illness in sport These Centres are located in Australia Canada Denmark Korea the Netherlands Norway Qatar South Africa and the UK The fight against doping and promotion of athletes’ health 20 February 2018 Page 5 6 Committed to protecting clean athletes for the sake of the future of sport and for the protection of athletes’ health the IOC through its Medical and Scientific Commission established a research grant to fund research pertaining to antidoping Since the grant was established in 2014 14 projects have been selected for funding OLYMPIC MOVEMENT MEDICAL CODE The IOC Executive Board has adopted the Olympic Movement Medical Code OMMC In the introduction the OMMC states “The Olympic Movement in accomplishing its mission should take care that sport is practised without danger to the health of the athletes and with respect for fair play and sports ethics To that end it takes the measures necessary to protect the health of participants and to minimise the risks of physical injury and psychological harm It also protects the athletes in their relationships with physicians and other health care providers ” This objective can be achieved only through ongoing education based on the ethical values of sport and on each individual’s responsibility in protecting his or her health and the health of others The OMMC recalls the basic rules regarding best medical practices in the domain of sport and the safeguarding of the rights and health of the athletes It supports and encourages the adoption of specific measures to achieve that objective It complements and reinforces the World Anti-Doping Code and reflects the general principles recognised in the international codes of medical ethics IMPRINT THE FIGHT AGAINST DOPING AND PROMOTION OF ATHLETES’HEALTH A publication of the Given its succinct nature this factsheet is not legally binding and therefore does not legally bind the IOC The fight against doping and promotion of athletes’ health 20 February 2018 20 February 2018 For further information please contact Château de Vidy 1007 Lausanne Switzerland IOC Communications Tel 41 21 621 60 00 Fax 41 21 621 63 54 pressoffice@olympic org Page 6 6