fc06741340 I C I I v Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 - Supplement tb Sclentlfic Intelligence'aeport era s 2-57 SCI TO THE ATOMIC ENERGY P ogg STs AGUDZERI 2-423 15 April 1957 INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Aorfico of Scientific Intelligence Apbroved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 um - tun-u u 0 6 7 4 34 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 00674'1340Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 5 8 12 Approved for ReleasePREFACE 13 13 is sne of a series of six reports dealing with the activities of the German scientists who were inn-or ted into the Soviet Union in 19115 to do war related to the development and expansion of the Soviet Atomic Energy Program snmnary report 2-57 Centribntisns of German Scientists the Soviet Atomic Ener Prowrann January 19 7 Secret deals with the - aver-all aspects of the German contributions See also Contributions of German Scientists to the - Soviet Atomic Energy- Program - SINOP ecret oviet Atomic Energy Program - SUNGUI 2-125 I - Contributions of German Scientists to the Secret 2-35 Contributions of German Scientists to the oviet Atomic Energy Program - EIEKTROSTAI et' 2-RS Contributions of German Scientists to the Soviet tomic Energy Program - OBNINSKOYE Secret - All information presented herein has been obtained-from the testimonies of returned German and Austrian scientists and technicians 7 Intelligence research ended 15' Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 hv p un-sr- ou CO674134O 5 I Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 PRVVACE p4 4 4 Scientific Research Institute at gudzeri Gustav Hertz's were on Isotope Separation Development of the Mass Spectrograph at Agudzeri i Extruded_Tubular Diaphragms - Riechmann Barrier 9 - The Chemical Research Laboratory at Agudzeri l9h5-55 1 Einor Developments-at Agudzeri 15 15 Barwich s Contribution tO'the Soviet Atomic Energy Program 16 Alpha Counter Development at Agudzeri '16 'Hartmann's Alpha Counter wevgq u l7 1 Air Separator - Muehlenpfordt 17 cti ties of zuEhlke 17 Post 1952 Research at Agudzeri 1 i Support FaCilities 18 5 APPENDIX Personnel at Agudzeri 9 APPENDIX 13 Testes - I Chronology of Events 7 2 Assignments at Chemical Lehoratory lQS 53 13 3 organization Of Supg ort F QilitiG- E I h Administrative and Other Support 20 FIGURES 5' Following Page l Draw-inf 10 2 Drawing welding of Mouthpieces by High Frequency Transmitter l0 3 Chart General Outline of Chemical Laboratory - Organization l9h6-h 12 h Chart - Organization of the Chemical Laboratory l9h7-h9 12 5 Chart Organization or the Chemical Laboratory 1950 52 12 5 Chart General Drganization of the Agudzeri Research Institute IQLE-SO 18 1- v-mu Fuv r p lr m-J Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C06741340s24-imm - a BY THE SCIEHTISTS TO THE SOVIET ATOHIC ENERGY PROGRAM - AGUDZERI SCOPE The role played by the Gennan scientists at Eaudzeri in the development of the Soviet atomic energy program is examined in detail below CONCLUSIONS u - The following signifiCant_contributions were made by the groups of German scientists working at the Agudseri Institute from 19b5 to-1952 l The development of the analytical mass 3 Schuetne satisfied a very urgent need or the 5 control system for their gaseous difzusion-iso pectrograph by werner oviets for an analytical tops separation plants 2 Development by the Reichnann aroma of the extruded_type'diffusion - barrier and a process ior its production provided the Soviets with a method - whereby they could increase the quality as well as quantity of diffusion barriers for their isotope separation plants rru 3 The corrosion research conducted by Boris lkert and Karl Franz Zuehlke contributed to the solution of the genera- corrosion problem in- herent in a gaseous diffusion isotope separation cascade _ - h The awarding of a Stalin Prize to Heinz Bareich in 19h for his mathematical calculations relative to cascade theor suggests that these contributions were significant to the Soviet atomic energy program mscussms _Scientific Research Institute at Assdzeri --The scientific research Agudzeri was established in-194 as a rather loose group of individual laboratories within the Sukhuni complex of laboratories These laboratories were quite isolated from ihe Fall of l9h5 until the departure of the German scientists in March 1955 The initial organization prevail- i cd from the Fall of 19h5 until 1950 when there was a reorganisation An- other-and final reorganization occurred in the Fall of 1952 when most of F the ternans from the various locations of the complex were sent to _susnuni for research assignments The major scientific personnel were ordinarily allowed to work on projects or their own choosing Less important - personnel were assigned to a general Chemical Laboratory under Nikolaus a Fivhl Tasks in this Chemical Laboratory dealt mostly with some phase of 5 raE-conductor research In 1932 all work or a classif' led nature is said to heen stopped or transferred iron the installation The German scientists 'ttle but supervise the work of the Soviet 5 1 Eu -ach'laboratony These Soviet assistants Huri to be trained in every phase of the work which the Germans had been - 1 - - Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 C0674l340 1 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 305741340 - doing one were being groomed to take one the continued operation of the institute after the orthconing repatriation of German scientists In the initial organisation of the Bethuni conclex the Sinop and Agudzeri Institutes were cowolntely separated and separately administrated In the comnlete reorganization which took place in 1950 the administration or the institutes was combined and the administrative offices established at Sinop At this time it was rumored that the complex was designated an EII but the number assigned was unknown Regardless of the combined administration each institute continued to operate as an individual organization The general scheme seemed to be that of assigning a minimum number of German scientists to each laboratory or section and the assignment of a maximum number of Soviet technicians as assistants On the other hand support and service units had more Germans than Soviets working on the various tasks A general outline of the Organization during the l h 50 period was as follows l Barnich Lahoratony' Function Theoretical physics and mathematical calculations Personnel Barmich Heinz Chief Krueger Hans temporarily Eh Krutkov Prof Dr Soviet Kucherov Soviet Laboratory Function Design and construction of alpha counters Personnel Hartmann werner Chief Sensky Herbert i Bokuchava Tina Soviet - Bvendzhiliya Soviet s Kucheryayev Soviet Leontyeva Irina Soviet 3 Schuetze Laboratory Function Design and construction of a Mass Spectroneter Personnel Schuetze Earner Chief Hottmann Ernst Design work Aleksandrov Soviet - Bolotnikov Soviet Chekhovtsov Soviet Chernov Soviet 3 Chernove Soviet g Kerpanko SOViet Leontyev Soviet i Ordzhonikidze K Soviet Sinyavskiy Soviet 5 Subarev Soviet Vf - 2 Approved 09 Release 2018 12 03 306741340 3016741340 1 ri 7 9 Function - Approved for Release _ 2018 12 03 006741340 - Zuehlke Laboratory iunction Corrosion measurements and separation factor tests or barrier Personnel Znehlke 'nrl Franz Zuehlke is believed to have been working_alone on his projects Bumm LabOratory Design of barrier research on vacuum soldering Personnel Bunn Helmut Chief Loehr Hans vertshava Laboratory Function Barrier production research electric current bombard- ment Fersonnel Unknown except that there were no Germans therein Hertz-Gverdtsiteli Laboratory i Function Isotope separation research counter current and gaseous 5 diffusion Personnel Hertz Gustav Chief 0rdzhonikidze SOViet 5 Ordzhonikidza Soviet 9 Popov Soviet - Poroshin Soviet _ Reyskiy I Soviet Tskhakaya Soviet I 3 Muehlenofordt Laboratory Function Research on technical probelms involved in isotope separation Personnel Muehlenpfordt Justus Chief Mueller Gerherd i Knebl Halter 3 Gugua Soviet Reichmann Laboratory 1 Function - Design and production of tubular barrier This laboratory was absorbed by the Chemical Department after mid-19M Personnel Reichnann Reinhold Chief Pack Richard Fischer Helmut 5 Bisvara - Soviet Snv1et Mixtrunin Soviet Morozov Sofiet Yermin Soviet Yermina Soviet 3 0 - Fr- 1 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 67 4 3 4 Approved for Release 20 18 12 03 006741340 - - 1 Zn 19h9-50 there was a - of Beauty Director for Tech direction of the technical so This DOSition was initially ill director to Hertz re rgaxization a Sukhumi The position blame use created to provide soviet entific section at Agudzeri and at Sinop by former deputy technical Jl' The general outline of the unified administrative command was as follows Eirector MEI Dep Dir for Ben Dir for Dan Dir for Ben Dir for - Tech Problems -Tedh Problems Admin Problems Political Problems at gudzeri at Sinop l950-52-Chelidze 1950452-Unknown 1950-59 1950-53-Isayev 1952-55-Fedorenko 1952 5h-2hivatovski l953-55-Isayev lSEh-SS-Sinyavskiy 3 - serving in a dual role Gustav Hertz s on Isotope Separation --Gustav Hertz was chosen to be the_ German cientific Director of the Research Institute at Agudzeri He was placed in charge of all scientific resoerch that'ras done at the institute and had'a private laboratory in which he carried on research directed toward the separation of the isotopes of uranium Hertz had received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1925 for demonstrating that isotopes of elements could be separated by gasaous diffusion He did 5' his work with light gases such as neon At Agudzeri he continued his work 3 with the hope that he would be able to adapt his method to the separation of the isotopes of heavy metals such as uranium permitting the concentration of the isotope Uk235 Quite an elaborate laboratory was set up for this work and from the many reports that have come out about this laboratory and the work done it is im- c'u possible to tell just what method Hertz was attempting to use to separate the I isotones of uranium -Some reports have calledgit gaseous diffusion others have referred to it as counterrcurrent diffusion An analysis of the infor- mation obtained on this subject has indicated a possibility that the method was actually a modified form of mass difrusion None of the informants to date have been able to giVe an exact picture of the apparatus as used by Hertz nor a description of-the method of its use Various pictures have been obtain- ed all differing in some major point When questioned further all sources have admitted that they were not absolutely certain about the point but all seemed_certain that Hertz had never succeeded in separating the isotopes of uranium to an extent that would be applicable to an industrial plant This failure of Hertz probably resulted in his loss of-face with the Soviets Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 306741340 1 1-1- in Berlin in the spring of l9h5 shen the Soviet forces moved into the city since this is the location of one or the gasoous diffusion plants in the Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 0 lv Hertn attempted se a fluorinated hydrocarbon as a carrier for uranium esafluoride UF6 or some'other uranium compound and through a counter flow method caused a slight separation of the isotopes he was never able to reach a useful enrichment of 3 Huch work was done on the corrosion problems involved in this work and it - is assumed that the problem was finally minimized by heavy plating of all parts 1 with nickel Some discussion occurred as to the necessity for 250 units in a separation cascade This has a calculated igure and not one that had been actually-put - into practice Hertz continued working on his project until he left Agudzcri in 1952 when all classified work was halted It is not known if he continued this work after he left or if it see abandoned It has been indicated the modi ied version of this project was developed and adapted for use in'the enrichment of in B10 It is reported that they were able to obtain 'migerial that had an enrichment of 80 percent or rather contained 80 percent 3 r As has been stated the final disposition of this project is not known but - it is certain that this particular method of isotope separation was never adapted to industrial scale for uranium isotope separation by the Soviets 3 Develo ment of the Mass Spectrograph at dzeri e-When the Research Institute wns_set up at Agudzeri Sukhumi in 19 one of the'many tasks assigned was the development and construction of a mass spectrograph - werner Schuetze was assigned to this project He was employed at Siemens Upon his arrival in Agudseri he took part in the general overall assignment of isotope separation and also served in the capacity of Deputy Scientific Director under Dr GustaV'Hertn In the fall of 19h5 he received his first indi idual assignment regarding the work on the mass Spectrometer With this assignment he stopped his work on the general problem of isotope separation and started working on the new project In addition to this new assignment he continued to serve as deputy to Hertz until the urgency for completion of the mass spectrometer project became so great that the Soviets permitted him - to spend full time on the research'necessary for the development and completion of the mass spectrometer project A completed technical mass spectrometer MS-2 was completed and shipped to Verkhneivinsk in the period between Sept- ember and December l9h8 The second technical mass spectrometer for Verkhneivinsk was completed and sent to the plant in May l9h9 Other models of the spectrometeramnmacompleted and-sent to the places as indicated on the timetable shown at the end of this section of the-report Emphasis is placed on the construction and delivery of the mass spectrometers to Verkhneivinsb 3 Nev- -CO6741340 1 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 mm Soviet Union These are the E nte use for the separation of uraniumIisotopss and concentration of the isotcse to the po int enere it is usable in the enriched fuels for reactors When Schuetze visited the production plant in 19b9 -he was assignment later officially confirmed to develop an automatic gas analyzer for continuous check on flow through the plant This was to be as simple as - possible without external cooling The project failed and was abandoned given a verbal Even after the acceptance of the maSs spectrograph by the Soviets and its application in the nuclear energy program Schuetze'continued to work on improvements to the instrument In August 1955 a model of this improved 5 mass spectrograph sas'displayed at the Atoms for Peace Conference in _Genevs Hestern observers who had a chance to examine this instrument have stated that The following-timetable shows the history of 3 it also shows the chronological development of the application at the nuclear energy program in the Schuetze in the USSR but mass spectrometer and its ham- #See Report Mass Spectroscopy in the Soviet Uhion dated 29 May 1955 for description - hopu hl - - Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 C067 41340 opes 13 2al nt ed Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 31 1 guratimete Daze Auril-June l9hS June 19h June-Seot'19h5 -Scpt Dec l9h5 Harch l9h6 July l9h6 bee l9b6-Jan 19h Februery 19h June 19h Seatember 19h Decepber 19h hrcnology of Events Event Initial contact of source by Soviets 3 Transfer to 02ery Scheduled meeting with Beriya Trans- fer to Agudzeri USSR Issuance of assignments by General' Zavenyagin of the Ninth Directorate Conferences at Ninth Directorate Moscow Visit to Kikoinls Laboratory 2 Visit to Agudzeri by Gasperin of the inistry of Chemical Industry at meeting or the Scientific- Technical Council Moscow Meetings at Ninth Directorate Moscow Inspection by Gen Zavenyagin followed' by Inspection Commission headsd'oy Porvukhin Ministry of Chemical Industry Three months inVestigation of mass spectra- meter project by Gen Zverev and Leypunskiy in Agudzeri Successful completion of laboratory model mass spectrometer MS-0 and the arrival of the Receiving-Inspection Commission headed hy Popov Attendance at meeting of Scientific- Technical Council Moscow 'Successful completion of iirst techni- cal mass spectrometer M541 for and arrival of Receiving lnspection Commissio Nil-160 was the institute responsible for serial production of the mass spectrometer Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 306741340 1 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 - -- Auere ieete Date Sept Dec l9h8 May 19h9 July 1929 Sept 19h9-Dec March 1950 April 1950 Maw 1951 - July 1951 August 1951 January 1952 July 1932 December 1952 vi 'Event -reclnicsl mass spectrometer com- pleted for Verkhneivinsk Attendance at the meeting of the Scientific- Technical Council Moscow Technical mass spectrometer MS-3 completed for Verkhneivinsk Technical mass spectrometer eels completed for Geo-chemical Institute headed by Vinogradov Source participates in Receiving- Inspection Commission for mass spectro- meters manufactured at NII 160 Fryazino 'Visit to Verkhneivinsk and assignment of gas-analyzer project by Kikoin and General Zvere - Source participates in Receiving-Inspection Commission at NII 160 Fryazino Mass spectrometer HS-5 completed for an unknown installation possibly ArtSimovich's Institute Mass Spectrometer MS-7 completed for Hertz's experiments 'Gas-analyzer Commission and failure Hess spectrometer completed for Steenbecks experiments Cessation of classified projects at Sukhumi Source assigned to mass spectro- graph project non-classified and visits by Z dorozhniv from Geo-chemical Institute headed by Vinogradov I Nuclear Mbmehts Meesuring Colloquium in gudzeri 'Departure of Hertz Thiessen and Steenback from Sukhumi Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 C067 4134 0 no _ of tion tich S' 51'0- -ts E11136 Feb-April 1935 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 4 i Date Event Sogrunry 1953 Mass Spectrometer Colloquium in Agudzeri ingest 1953 Visit by artsimovich and discussion of lithium measuring problems January 195h Soviet Commission from Kharkov assigned- ion-Source project for polarized hydrogen July 1951 Ion-Source Colloquium at Sinop December 195h rrivel 160 mass spectrometer at Agudzeri - Departure from Agudzeri and arrival in Leipzig DDR DDR atomic purchasing commission to Moscow and Leningrad August'l955 Schuetze's mass spectrometer presented as part of the Soviet exhibition at the International Conference on Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes which was held in Geneva Extruded Tubular Edaphraams - Barrier --Gne of the tasks assigned to the group at Agudzeri was the development and production of an extruded barrier to be used in the gaseous diffusion program The chief responsibility _for this development was assigned to Reinhold Reichmann Some information on this program has become available but the final results and the final dis- position of the project are not definitely known There apparently never was any mass production of the finished product at the institute at Agudaeri sinco neither the tools nor the equipment was available there for a project of this nature Small-quantities oi the tubes were produced for test purposes and possibly for pilot plant studies but it is not known where the facilities for the serial production of these tubes was located It is rumored that they were produced in pilot plant quantities at Elektrostal The final form of- these tubes was a tube of sintered nickel that could be used in a diffusion cascade The initial introduction of nickel was in the form of the oxalate This oxalate was received from the Ninth Directorate'in Moscow but the actual point of origin is unknown This oxalate had to be conVerted to the oxide before itsconld he used in the production of the tubes The oxalate_we3 heated in an electric furnace to temporuturc uflh fb and decomposed into niokel oxide Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C0674I1340 4 1340 Approved for Release 2018 12 gar - 1 23 DJ- L pru' suiting nickel oxide was in the form of a i very course powder and unusable in the form In order to prepare the oxide for use it was milled in a ball-mill for eight days The exact size of the resulting particles is unknown but the powder was now finer than flour No apparent attempt was made to determine the grain size of the powder In order to extrude the powder it was necessary to add tragacanth a bind- ing agent Tragacanth was chosen because it decomposes upon heating into several gaseous components and leaves no carbon residue If any carbon residue were left behind the carbon'would combine with the nickel and cause the tubes to be- come brittle A certain amount of lavender oil was added to the mitture but a lubricant to facilitate the extrusion of the tube and to lessen the wear on the extrusion nozzle The tregacanth was purified and dissolved in water The lavender oil was added and the nickel oxide mixed in until a dough of the consistency of polishing rouge was formed The extrusion press used in this operation weighed three tons and was actuated by a Soviet double-action pump producing a pressure of some two hundred atmospheres and requiring five kilowatts of electric power for its operation _ The extrusion piston was made of cloth reinforced phenolic plastic and the entrusion nozzle was_made of hardened steel This press required only one When the materials were mixed the resultant was'adjusted to the proper consistency for extruding and then placed in the receptical of the extrusion prose when the material was of the proper consistency a force of approximate- ly 50 tons had to be applied to the piston to extrude the tubes The maximum extrusion of the tubes were over one meter The soft tubes were extruded vertically into glass vessels containing distilled acetone The acetone would absorb the water from the tube thus hardening it and permitting it to be handled When-the tube became hard enough to handle it was cut into 50 centimeter and slipped onto german-silver tubes less in diameter than the extruded tubes This germsn-silver tube had previously been coated with aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide powder to prevent'the extruded tube from sticking to it The tubes were then placed in a steel containing tube through which hydrogen was passed con-' tinously and the entire assembly placed in an electric furnace for sintering The sintering was carried out at temperature for a period of two to three hours This was a critical step in the process of manufacturing the barrier _tubes It was necessary to use a high enough temperature for a long enough period of time to assure proper bonding of the particles and to assure the_ -10 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 WI 62 7 4 3 4 - Approved for Release 2018 12 03 00674134044Finn Muss FOR TUBES ind- aver-amdred - a - 9 2 '25 cm rier I - ata- um 1 Hydraulic compressor I 2 Measuring and controlling device 5 3 Hydraulic measure line 5 4 Compound tank and hydraulic gate jack be 5 Mouthpiece of the I be extrusion press 2 6 Scaffolding - - f 7 Concrete foundation 8 Glass receiver lled with acetone for the reception of the tubes Prncedum The plastic tube was pressed through the maulhpiecn at a ma df 5 cenllmaler par sacond rescind by hand in tho Klan matainar 7 cu ush will the contalner rim Sal ml assistants warm in llna 3' the tube was precansulldaled by the acelona which attuned greenish - 11 86 rage and nag tape purified continuously Illa tubes were of green color alter sunienna they turned greenuh-my and camolidalgd but - were extremely hritlla ees-r Approved fer Release 2018 12 03 006741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 1 I I 1-31110 03 1iouri-1prgcas 3 303-1233205110 - - mrrsimrER - Figure 2 Diaphra'gmatr c tuba Glass tube vacuum Ruhbar plug 5' Nickel sheet mouthpiece Discharge Manometar Cooling device with a remcvahla jacket lled with liquid all 1 Five-liter glass balloun Pumping sy tcm for medium vacuum pumping 10 Marcury vapor iet pump for high vacuum pumping 11 High-frequency transmitter 12 Radiator operated by hand Pmadura After mating the vacuum the radiator was approached to the welding spot which banded alto - glowin This amend m was reputed a me secana mining soot men the was removed am the out lulu insured Tho dancing oi the lubu tho pomp n and molding look about 15 to 20 minutes 1 mum - - Approved for'Re ease 2018 12 03 003741340 a C0674134O consists reduction of the ni hc oxide L3 the eta state and yet fusion had to be nrovcnted so that the porosity oi the netcrial would not be impaired After the croper period or sistering the assembly was removed from the furnace and the tube allowed to remain in temperature of before beizg I- l-ll After the tubes were olace by a special the barrier tubes into vacuum and by means of a were ready for packing while Reichmann was alive standardization of the process - powder was fine enough by rubbing it uroper consistency of the extrusion merely looking at the tubes an the death of Reichmann it was necessary the process would become standardized develop and even then it was such that it production system but was sintered one end was fitted with a and the other end with a straight niche weld These attached fittings 2 stage assembly small induction and shipping dough by punching with his finger only-suitable for use on a laboratory scale result of the necessity of preparing this atmosphere of hydrogen while cooling to'a oved from the assembly bellows fitting was welded into made it possible to connect The special welding was done in a heater Upon completion the tubes 0 an unknown location tuhe Bach and in charge or the project no methods of were worked out Reichnann determined if the hetween_his fingers 'He determined the were to be used or not to develop some system whereby took approximately two years to could not be introduced into a mass As a set of standards the entire program This 'of the development of this'type barrier tube suffered a great deal The only tests run on permeahilit barrier AlthOugh there is ever out into mass production it is barrier was put into modification or into The Chemical Research Laborator tory at Agudzeri the German scientists in Harch 1955 This continual change was necessitated by the functional the general concept of the functional chemical research laboratory this 1 groups dealing with the well establi tory Contrary to the tubes at Agudzeri Little is known about these tests ed at the air value The general concensus was were still below the results obtained with the Thiessen wire mesh no evidence to indicate probable-that a modified form production and introduced a new plant entirel from its inception were tests to measure the but the results were expreSS- that the best obtained values backed that the Reichmann barrier was of this type into_an existing plant by at Anudzeri Chemical Labora- in thE fall of 19 until the departure of underwent constant organizational change aspect of the labora- organization for a aboratory was not organized into research shed classical phases of chemistry the organization fluctuated to meet the needs of the Hertz research group and -11 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 Inge 306741340 - - - -- Ilnl- Approved for Release 2018 12 03 - v' 1 ti '54 '3 11 12 involved in the Oraiixarxizeticn of the - 3 bhcnicni L s- 9 I 5 c citue a general plan-that can be classified into five mayor organizrtional phases A very general discussion of these five phases follows First Phase Sl9h5emid Ihert was the German chief of the chemical laboratory during this period with Yermin a Soviet chemist assigned to report the work of the group to the Soviet Administration A general out line of the organization is sheen in Figure 3 Several other Soviets were geezgned as assistants but the names and assignments'are unknown Second Phase mid this second phase reorganization Ikert was removed from his position as chief of the Chemical Laboratory and was renlaced by the Soviet Vsevolod Aleksandrovich Karzhavin fermin was also removed from his revious position During this'period Karzhavin served both as the Technical Chief under Hertz and as the Administrative Chief under the Soviet administration as the Technical Chief he received technical instructions from Hertz and in his subordinate role to the Soviet Administration he was responsible for the discipline material supply and personnel problems It was during this period that the newly prepared qnarters were occupied by the Chemical Section and the Section greatly expanded The closing of this moves toward the transer of important projects fron_the area indicative of - the peripheral'nature of the work of the German scientists in the Soviet atomic energy program A general organizational outline of the group during-this period is given in Figure h The following Soviets were identified but their assignments within the laboratory was unknown - Kozakova Lomova Tumanova Ye Third Phase 1950eNovember third distinct organizational phase was during the period of 1950 to November 1952 When Karzhavin was transferred at the close of the second phase Lebsodze was made chief of the Chemical Labora- tory ibr a period of from six months to a year She was then replaced by - Varlaam Ivanovioh He remained chief of the Chemical Laboratory Assotiani Ia Mozgovaya until late 1953 or early lOFh Horotofore the Chemical Laboratory had consisted of three sections each with apparently equal importance With the initiation of this organicationaljphase only two sections retained their positions or importance with the third section becoming rather minor in nature With the closing of this phase of the work all classified work at Agudzeri was discone tinned A general organizational outline of the Chemical Laboratory during this period is given in Figure i 12 - Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C06741340 Approved for Release 2018112103 C06741340 i' rI-r but- 5 gum u 133' 0 5-FigurlGENERAL 0133125011115 0112 - CHEMHCAE SOVIET HERTZ IKERT IKERT SECTION SCHIMDHR SECTION 5 HEHSCHEL TASK Uranium TASK Uranium electrolysis Research on stable Carroslun tests liquids or use with uranium hexalluorlde UR if PERSONNEL PERSONNEL PERSONNEL r' CHIEF- lked Boris CHIEF- Sphimohr CHIEF - Herbert - Sovienl Mozdukell ' Souiel l 1 1 1 25 510 2 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 006741340' Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741 mam mm I 1 63 CH i9 7 4 sows'r ADMINISTRATION Em IKERT SECTION TASK Corrosion research PERSONNEL Bods Barnabishvili Soviet Berezin Soviet Berezina Soviet Khaohishviil Soviet Harlow in Soviet 35811 2 57 IREICHMANN SECTION TASK Extruded diaphragm research end development PERSONNEL CHIEFHReichmann Reinhold Fischer Helmet Pack Richard Yennin Soviet Yermina Soviet Morozov Soviet Soviet ukiicliovn Soviet Mitrenin Soviet Several unidenti ed 561th mbnicim someone SECTION TASK Fluorine produ lion Puri ootion of uranium oxide Us Do production I CHIEF-Schimohr Allied aedei Maigaiete Soviet htozdokeii Soviet Postniimva Soviet Shiyakhina Soviet 5111mm Sm tut Soviet Tumanove V Soviot - seven unidenti ed Swim Ethnic en Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 C0674134O Aphroved for Release 1201 8 12 03 306741340- -- 1131 2-5 Hanna 5 1 ng hnu Tara-5 aJv-l zany n u dh du hak LE J 1 min EEC 1 Awful- 15 K511 Lu SOVIET ADMINISTRATION HERE SCHIMDHR SECEGN LOMOVA SECIION 033 of solid malt Stabiliza on of TASK Analysis of corrosion fluamcathuas Product for 0111 section Fluoxina products PmoemaL - manna PERESONNEL Sham $31381 Alfred Fnu S'cw Muduxuli Sovinl 3min I In an an Posiniknv Swim mm Semi helyaym Some Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 306741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 5 1 a 'The following Soviets we e also identified but their assignments are un- known ironina Mozgovays Vasilenko Kohaladze Konakova' Rayskaya Lehsadze - Shlyakhina Fourth Phase November organizational phase of the Chemical Laboratory lasted from November 1952 until the end of 1953 This reorganization was brought about by the cessation of classified work and by the large influx of German oersonnel into the institute along with those nersons that were to continue working on the projects Nikolaus Riehi was transferred from Sungul and took over aS the German ehief of the institute the place left vacant by the transfer of Hertz During this phase practically every scientist was assigned i different task and had several Soviet assistants and technicians assigned to work with them It was also the task of each soientist to train the Soviet personnel working with them in the respective nroblems procedures and techniques Some of the more importan assignments and those working each are given 1 slow Vu 0 -TABLE Assignment at Chemical Laboratory 1952 53 RIEHL Soviet Administration Khachishvili l Task -Purification of indium and galium Personnel Vasilenko - Two other unidentified Soviets Guenther Wirths Task Separation of rare earths Personnel Tobien Heinrich Sunsnerfeldt Halter Postnikuva Several unidentified SoViets ht 0 Alfred Schimuhr Task Purification of germanium for transistors Personnel szdokeli Several unidentified Soviet assistants Herbert Thieme - - Task Separation of thorium and hafnium hafnium free zirconium Personnel Lange Hannelore - Tumanova F - 13 - Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 mun-'- up C06741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741 340 -- 5 Henry Urtmann Task Development of luminescent materials Personnel Riehl Nikolaus Dual role Kirst werner Kozekova 6 Hans Born - Karl weise - Task Radio chemical analysis Personnel Halter Kobaladze Kovyrzin madze 7 Johann Kengel - Task nalytical work on luminescent materials photogrammetric work Personnel Lomova Zhelyayevc B Hans Krueper Task Spectral Analytic service for all labs Personnel Shvengeradze Moagovaya Johannes-Panv Plastics Task Organic chemistry projects for Karl Zimmer Sinop Personnel Afanina Shoniya 10 Eugene Baroni - - - Task Rare earth separations by electrophoresis organic chemistry PerSonnel Lebsadze - Kovyrziha 11 Helmut Bumm - Task Metallurgical research zone smelting processes a Germanium - silicon Personnel - Inozemtseva Two unidentified Soviet assiStants Firth Phase early-IQSheMarch fifth and final organizational pha e at Agudzeri covered the period from early l95h_to March 195 This phase saw a change in Soviet administration in that Khachishvili was replaced by Ivan Petrovich Prokudin as Chief of Agudzeri There was little change in the technical organization other than the reduction in work The Germans did little if any york during this period The Soviet technical personnel were taking over the tasks in preparation or the coming departure of the Germans Riehl retained his position as-German leader of the group Prokudin was -111- Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C06741340 c06741340 11 ad in 4b Approved for Release 2018 12 03 0067413 If 'iuu matters irnctions were The only groups continuing their research l Schimohr - Silicon Research 2 Born weiss - Radio chemical analysis 3 Krueger Snectral analysis any - combined group worked on organic compound preparation for Zimmer of Sinop 6 Nirths Silicon purification and 7 Prokudin The work done at Agudzeri during this phase was of little apparent innortance and or little interest to the Soviets Essentially it was a make work program to occupy the time of the German scientist while they were awaiting their repatriation However as stated earlier the Soviets took of this period to train Soviet personnel in the techniques and laboratory procedures employed by the Germans The mass exodus of the Germans started in March 1955 Within a short period of time all Germans at Sukhumi were returned to Germany Kinor Developments at the chief research project- assignments at the research institute at Agudzeri there were several research project assignments of lesser importance 1 Corrosion Studies by Ikert and Zuehlke 2 Barwich's Contrihution to the Soviet Atomic Energy Program 3 Activities of Zuehlke Dealing with Barrier Testing Post 1952 Research at Agudzeri - working together developed'a procedure whereby the separation unit could receive a preliminary treatment to minimize the corrosion when the unit was planed on strean The unit ens evrensted-nnd heated toJe temperature of some Ln Film-win lam illLI'J Jilly bill I and the temperature rose to The unit was then allowed to cool and the remaining fluorine removed In the fall of l9h9 Karshavin went to Kefirstadt Verkhneivinsk and took with him the above procedure When he returned in 0 he indicated that the procedure had been well received and that-he had been granted a number of bonuses -15- 0 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 00674134 rtL i Le to Riehl for technical matters and to the Soviet soninistration at The Austrians 306741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C0674f 340 - lhert csnured corroCLor by the 3 -craase in weight oi a sample adsorption or am g nsc h ing tc tod lhis as in contrast to the ork being done on th- Sane oroblcn by uoh Lh Enahlho caterrnined the anount of corro ion by _thc loss in pream31 irz an enclosed 3c in which th e Sample being tested was placed Later in the program hath Ikert and Zuehlke cooperated in striving to reach a solution to this problem The final solution to the corrosion problem in a dii'iusion cascade is un- known but it is orobnble that the Sovie-ts adopted a system of fluoride passivation to minimize corrosion Earmich' 3 Contribution to the 30v Let Atomic Eneruv most important contribution was a t eoretical study on cascade theory drawn in l h6 and based on n uer i an nuhl ications His per was a fundamen Lel study outlining the nrincipias of corrosion degree of enrichment and energy ha1ance He contended that circ ulation continues and separation is ac hieved irrespective of the velocit o the gas He was warded a Stalin Prize in 1 19h in apareciation of this report Barwich also carried out mathematical - calculations i'or Hertzl counter-current flow the early thermal diffusion experiments carried out at egudzeri He was appa1ent1y given many of the constants oz the Soviet dif usion plant to enable him to make certain calculations that were needed by the Soviets In addition to the work on general cascade theory Barnich worked on the following specific aspects of gaseous diffu on cascades l The determination of Lhe staging arrangement 2 The type extraction i rom the cascade mtinuous or non-continous 3 Fore and back pre sures used includingc optimum barrier dimensions h Removal of impurities from leaks or corrosion 5 Loss of efficiency due to corrosion 6 Influenc_e or the departure from ideal to finite cascads 7 nutOmatio regulation of the cascade 8 encroach to equilibrium oi the_cosCade ' 9 Propagation of pressure variations through the cascade Bornich was also working on the problem of the c'ontrol of the gaseous difiusion plant first it was a very strict control would have to be maintained over each and every stage but he said that he did not think this was the case It seems that he proved his point and was thus responsible for relieving the Soviets of the necessity of manufacturing many thousands of - extra instruments Dnuulnnm-nt at noun was in o labunutoxy concerned with Ihn thulupm- nh nl nu ninhu unntur luv Inn -Lnr mination or -the enrichment oi' uranium samples Details oi the instrument are not' anown but it invalved the measurements of the energy of the particles as well as the range Enrichment was determined by comparison with a standard Approved-for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 CO6741340 1y 1 U1 - Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 a - angle he nejor portion c- enole os taken up h five hours nhile th tho era 1-4 'n ctunl n on on any samples ohtoinoi naned on this 1 including Soviets It is said that instruments exCent one built by one as instruments submitted for judgement we of Siren in the develoonent or this instrument dicated that the Soviets showef is nonerent that they give credit to which they emolcyed air into the removing the air without losin the Jevise the following method 3 out chamber at the end of the cases the freezing chamber were to be cool large area that practically all the gases would then be drawn off by wrferior to that built by Norton production cascade Enehlen was regnire to make enrichment octa xinetions rent intereSt in since they gave no bonus h liq 336 9 or the sample sent took only hS minutes J or do 1 ermining the enrichment of a This took approximate- Hertmenn ples received iron-Moscow m-the work within the Sukhumi complex ccnoetition with several other screens 5 instrument for outclassed all other the Soviet groups Even this instrument hut wos much better than the rest of the did not receive this in connetition with Various reports developmen a bonus or onlS have in- mu 9 Soviet in having developed the method 1703 r to be lira-m into a freezing chamber condensed on them a et to develop a German for this develojment would leek method or he from the out The walls of uid air and constituted such a The remaining mercury vapor pump and if necessary subjected to chemical investigation after com ression After the removal of th extraneous gases the condensed could then be reclaimed by mechanical means one reintroduced into the Twa- cascade moving any foreign gases that might be in the cascade This would provide a tream method of re- - apparatus was constructed to vorh on a continuous basis The epon- retu was ordered taken to in 19h9 ' Huehlenpfordt took it -s and rewained for a period of three months that the apparatus was used in the as SEC- 6 ELL off but he was not awarded any prizes nor bonuses for the work when he returned he indicate considerable modification activities of Zuehlke Euehlke ens originally given the assignment or designing and constructing on apparatus for testing the separating powers of diffusion diaphragms He worked on this project until Spring 19h when he discontinued his work since Bertel_had developed such an apparatus of equal efficiency and more simple construction In late l9h5 it was reported that tho-enoarntus constructed by Bartel gave unreliable results and thus Zuehlkc andin not to work on the wrohlnm The Final disposition of this project is not known In 19h7-h in the period when he was not working on the testing appa- ratus Zuehlke worked on nroblems nertaininr to corrosion At first he worked 17 Vo Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 036741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 ww - r -- on a project parallel to that on whic Ehert was working but later they co- operated in attempting to arriVe at a unified-solution Zuehlke s method was based on a neosurenent of pressure loss in an inclosed gas caused by adsorp- tion while Ikert based his work on the weight gain due to adsorption of the gas by the diaphragm being tested a 41 llu u Zuehlke has indicated that Thiessen barrier always tested to be better than the Reichmann barrier Afterzuehlke had finished his study 0n the corrosion of barriers he cork- ed with Muehlenpfordt on corrosion problems involved in the work being done by- Hertn This work took place in 1951 and 1952 In the neriod of 1953r5h Zuehlke worked with Dr Siewert on the separation of 81 and by distillation After a period of research and development they developed and constructed a separation unit that would produce 9 litres per day of 80 percent in a boron triflucrids BF The estimated period or operation for this apparatus was six months Rhea Zuehlke left Agudneri in March 1955 the plant had been running trouble-free for 2 to 3 Tanths The Soviets had said that they would need 10 000 litres per year of - This apparatus was displayed at Stand 6 in Geneva during the_ Atoms for Peace conference - - Post 1952 Research at rudaeri --After the Germans were removed from classified work in the fall of 19 2 many projects were started at the two 'institutes in Sukhumi Sinop and Agudzeri It is almost impossible tc_separate the work that was done at one from the work that was done at the other Both institutes were under a unified administration and worked on a more or_less unified program of research It seehs that there'was a complete exchange of information and sharing of the projects - Schuetze continued to work on the mass spectrometer and came up with an improved model that was shown in Geneva as has been stated before Many of the scientists were involved in spectroscopic research or chemical research -diracted along a general line of rare-earth separation and purification The group that came to Agudaeri from Obninskoye brought with them the re search nroject directed toward obtaining hafnium-free zirconium They managed to obtain zirconium containing only 01 percent hafnium while the specifica- tions called for a purity of only' 02 percent It is apparent that no work of any great significance was done at Agudzeri after November 1952 Technical Suonort Facilities --The Research Institute at Agudzeri had a well'organizedLservice group In the beginning it was staffed with German technicians who had been recruited either from Germany itself or from the prison camps controlled by the Soviets These German technicianSIwere assist ed and at times supervised by Soviet technicians assigned to the various sections It must he remembered however that the German technicians were removed from the sections in late 19h8 and early 19h9 and returned to prison Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 0067413404 - Finn sf 353% 1412 71 5 93- a f h dSTiy-W 3E 3945-5 $3 - Ha z Dr Gumv 5 Z asnuna- 5mm Dr Warner i a I caucus cirrusrnn 1 5' woman umummr '7 um mum mu wsmusmus a 3 Jun Inn Dr Bari W6 Shale-um Hm Ham Mum human mm It- V1 3 3 Ma 11 12 Mink Dr med Emma Fliu rm Emu 1min Suit z 51 an 5mm Hum 1m In Knit 1mm Shin 5m #15532 an Inn-r Rum Ens Gama mm am My Hum an inn Magnum-1m 3' Lam min mu rm new Nahum ush Warm 32mm mu m 5am Wain 1mm 51m 51 tom 3 Sam 65 NibNBS 11035 I HHAMEGM mum BM mama-in 5mm Fm I new 115531163ka whammy umumtm gm m - Mlh Hamlin mr My hm Hum lam Hahn Irma um bud unm- i mum murmur sum mums mamas ma a mum um um mm mm Max Imam Imus I ul mm Hum scan mm 2 i Emu 1m Lm I m min Rad i m 5mm Ludwig Rather 3m 5 Mum has Saiw Ruben 3 - Mia ma imam Hm - - - hi Esq aura Tim Hm g mason mam scam-1m mu an i 1 Rum Gum and 1 12de mmhr 2 31 a 3 mm mm 5mm Warm I 1mm Gama um Fm Home My - 5 7 mm mm mum in Opium Ham-I Izmm Huberam new Mm nun i Mu Ruhr TIE Mir5 1 mm Inna Inn mm mm lam 6 th lm mm mum Mu Sci- r In mum-r mun sun- 5 Huh Eli I'25813 2 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 c06741340 7 of personnel shown here and the list in the Hoa- Link-u 1- ur- - Approved for Releasef2018 12 03 onene-Eor eVentual repatriation The ver y few personnel remaining in the sorVice units after this were mostly Soviet For this reaSOn it is reason- able to'assume that the service facilities were greatly curtailed and the services rendered thus reduced -As might be expected the chief servioe and support unit was the workshop This workshop was a rather complex and fluid organization This type organization was neoessery to enable the workshop personnel to fulfill the highly diversified demands leeied against their servicas A general outline of the organization of'the technical support facilities follows This is more a general composite rather than for a specific period Since this is tree there will be a difference in the list organizational table shown else- where in this report TABLE 3 - Organization of Sunport Facilities 1 Mechanical workshop Function Instrument and equipment construction and repair Chief 19hS-h Staudenmaier Alfons 19h7-51 Kuroohhin - 1951-55 - Tigishvili Personnel German Alder Alfred Juerges Kurt Baier Friedrich Klaer Guenther Boettner werner Krauth Kurt - Danielewski Herbert Hilbradt Rudi Doerr Fritz Helmut Eokhardt Heinz Peer Felix Hoenow Gerhard Schreiber Wilhelm Janosch Guenther' a Soviet - Blinova Lyusya Kozakov Ivan Bobrikov Makeyev Boronilo Iran Hekarovich Memurin Sergey Goncharov Vasiliy Ivenovich Ryezentsev Nikolay Sergeyevich Kankave Vekhtany Solntsov Yuriy Kerostylev Lenya Vyatkin Koryavov Petr Gavrilovich 2 Electrical workshop Function Construction 5nd maintenance of electrical instruments Chief 19h7- 51 Steudonmeier 1951-55 - Razorenov - Personnel German i Hensch Edith Schroeder Friedrich Spier Adalbert Thiere Heine Will Herman - 19 3 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 IEH 006741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 -- I Scriets Kudryashev org-thrift -Eoskovskiy Rayskiy Slave Vesilyegioh Function To produce laboratory glassware and special apparst for scientific experiments I L Liquid Air and Gas orkshop Function To supply the entire Sukhumi complex with liquid air and other liquid gases as well as with highly compress gases 5 Precision Mechanics workshop Function - Construction of highly precisioned equipment and apparatus 6 Design Office Function Design of equipment for scientific experiments Personnel were listed on the first two sections only since they are considered the most important sections of the shop Other than the scientific research groups and support facilities the following sections more administrative in nature were identified at Agudzsri TABLE - Administrative and Other Organization Support Facilities 1 General Supervision Function Overall administrative control 2 Personnel Section - unction Nbrmal functions or a personnel section recruitment maintenance of personnel records 3 First Section Function Control and supervision of all classified work and storage of classified reports and materials h Escort Section Function To escort the Germans at anytime when it was necessary for any of them to leave the compound 5 M68 Section - Function 'Covert police supervision of Germans and Soviets alike 6 - MVD Guard Detachment Function Physical security of the installation Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 unu 306741340 ll 12 'Approved forlRel'eese 2018 12 03006741349 '4 1 Political Section Function Cornunl etic and oolitice indoctrination of the Soviet person cl and to Some extent the Germans as well Technical Supply Seczion Function Recep ion storage and distribution of all materials and supplies Bookkeeping Section Function Normal functions of such a depertment receipts dis- bursements salaries - Administrative41aintenance Function a Adninieter real estate furniture household equip- ment b Maintenance of ouildings endgrounde c Maintenance of communal services tailor barber etc M dical Section Function Maintenance of the health of personnel and 01 the nygenic conditions of the installation Fire Department Function Normal functions of such a group Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C06T4134O rs a co 741340huh- - 5 II Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C06741340 Jau- I'r Aleksandra Iva novna Chsnical Laboratory Assistant - Glassblowing technician 1 $431 - 0V Lab oiatory Assistant ASSOTIAHI Pnidon -Laboratony Assistant 3339215121 Yakov Chemical Laboratory Assistant l11m Maj or Chief 'of Escort Section BALAKIN Ala ksandr Glassblowing Technician BARNAEISHVILI Donara Nikolayevna Chemical Engineer BELYAIZIJV Iarginiy 1WD Escort BEREZIH BEREZINA BIGVAVA Fenya Ilarinovna Chemical Laboratory Assistant Btm'sv Aleksandr Dionisdvich Administration Chief BLTAYEVA Lyusya Office clerk BOBREKOV Mechanic Secretary bookkeeper - BOBHIKASVILI Nina Petrovna Laboratory Assistant 30 Tina Laboratory'Assistant Bomsuxov Al aksey Laboratory Assistant BOIDTNIKOVA Designer BOROHILIJ Ivan I-IakaroviCh Mechanical Laborer Machine Construction Engineer CHEIWOVTSOV Nikolsy Pavlovich Chiei Admin Maint Section CHELIDZE Petr Varlomovich lechnical Supply Section CHEHNOV Anatoliy Artenyevich Laboratory Assistant Lyubov Ivanovna Laboratory Assistant DREW Chief First Section DUBROV IVan Gavrilovich Chief Supply warehouse DZHEVELIKYAN Galina Ivanovna Medical Technician Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 - - Can - 7- -- Verixen Lukich Nuclear qunicist HUD ccort FEDOREHKO Admin Chief Inapector Technical Supplies Fox-mew Ivan Kondratyevich anizor Fons 5K0 Vik cor Kondretyevich Laboratory Assistant GABESHEVA Tamara Design Office Taras Arksentyevich Physicist - Scientific Assistant GALININ Bookkeeper Design Enpineer men's-'rar ngas Ni-lci bovich Chiel Glassblowing Shop a whiny Bookkeeping Section Major hicf MVD Guards ran-mew Vasiliy Ivanovich E z-erisior I Iechanic 3 I I ans lru Gunmen-0v Boris Arkadyevich Metals Control Clerk Chief Bookkeeper emcee-ma a Mvn Major Chief Escort Section GHIGDRYAH Lt Col Chief Escort Section GVERDHHILYA Scientific Assistant GVERDTSITELI Irakliy Physicist Administration Aleksandra Ivanovna Laboratory Assistant INCZEMTSEVA Irina Aleksandrovna IYEVLSV Chief First Section IZRAILEVSKAYA Librarian Vladimir Mikhaylcvich Interpreter Emiliya Lvovna Chemical Laboratory Assistant KAKABADZE Meri Georgiyevna Chief Medical Section KANKAVA Vakhtamr Chief Foreman mechanical workshop KIPANADZE Chief Personnel 1953-55 HAPHSECUENHO JV Nina Escort Tc rher KARPENKO Ina Physicist - 23_- Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 c0 741340 'o I Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 - KARFUAVEN Vsevolod A1eksand ovich Chemist Emma's VILI Varlaam Ivanovich Cheni at - KHOLODILIN Aleksandr Ivanovich Physician Viktor IVanovich Chief Escort Section KOBALAWTE Zhuzhuna Laboratory Assistant KOCHLAVASHVILI Aleksandr Ivanovich MVB Chief Agudzeri Komoaayav Laborer - Supply Depot Tasya Se ore tary HOROSTYLEV Chief Mechanical Foreman KOROSTYLEV Lenya Mechanic KORYAVOV Petr Gavriiovich Hechanical Foreman Kovalekiy Aleksey Ivanovich bireman Koevmmi Chemist KORVYR ZINA Chemist HOZAEOV Ivan Hf'fl'll'l il Valentina Ivanovna Chemical Laboratozy Assistant KRUTKOV Prof Dr Theoretical Physicist KUCEERYAIEV Physicist KUDRYASHEV Arkadiy Electrician KULAGIH Ivan Vasilyevich Glassblower Chauffeur Safety Engineer KURCHKOV Mathematician Mikhaylovich Chief Mechanic KUROCHKINA Irima Sergeyevna Chief First Section KUZHIN Ivan Escort Section KVARTSEJEII Physicist Filippovich Physicist LEDSADZE Tengela Nesterovna Chemist mom-mm Nikolai Physicist- Electronic Assistapt EEONTIEVA Irina lectronic Eng Scientific Associate Angn11nn Laboratory Assistant IDHOVA Valeriya Andreyevna Chemical Laboratory Assistant Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 rknciy Escort Linn 5 is Chic Foreman Mechanic - FLALTCEVA Ann Secretary-Bookkeeper hheijJ Sergey Laborer NVD Hajor Chief Admin Maint Section Nina Karlovna Librarian FIRIANASHVILI Experimental Physicist lancer-rm Boris Petrovich thrical Chemist MICEEHINA Olga- Ehricsl Doctor HOLCE 5 1135 IN Chief I-J cl Tssiliy thesical Laboratory Technician EGEEOVSKIY S zctrician Tinatin Georgiyevna Bieniccl Laboratory ASSiStant Tamara Afanasyevna Lakofntory Assistant 11 301- Georgwiy Hui-J Motor Pool Boris Mikhaylovich usicr Escort Section 'Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741-340 - NIKOLASHVILI - Shier Pciiticsl Section Peer M aksimovich Chief Eire-Department Avtandil Chemical Laboratory Assistant Ketcvan Georgiyevna Physicist 0RDZHUNIKIDZE Rastcm Lahosatony Assistant ORIDV MUD Major Chief Section RAHIN Design Office PANIEA Political Section PEREVALOV Inna Chief Personnel Section PEREVALO Ira First Section PLUTON Nuclear Physicist Political Section POLIKHATKD Dispatcher Pesos Oleg Mechanic POPOU Sergcy l rysicist Physicist Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 - Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 - SEELIAKEIN Sergey I ichaylovich _Chemist Chief Personnel Zinaida Grigori revna Yura Sergeyevich 2' Chemist Glassblower PROKUDIN Ivan Petrovich SHLYAKHINA Tamara Sergeyevna Chemist '5 Laboratory Assistapt PROKUDENA ammov Ivan laboratory Technician Chauffeur PUTSEMKD Petr Valentina Carpenter Bookkeeper RAYSKAYA Marina Vasilvevua 555031351 Benno Chemist Chemical laboratory Assistant RAYSKIY Igor Vasilyevich semsnxo Aleksandr Ins ument technician Political Section Slave Vasilyevich SHVAHGERADE Rezo Rozhdenovich Electrician Chemist Ivan sum-3m 5 Electrician Fireman HOGANYAN - SINYAVSELY Aleksandr Chief of Depot - - Electrician A ROGAVA SOLETSEV ruriy Escort Section Mechar c Nikolay Sergeyevich STEPANENKO Lt Mechanical eman Chief 1163 Section SARYAN - STOIBOVSKIY Chief Supply Depot Medical Section - Personnel SELYUTIN sroxmzom Nina 1 Escort Section Secretary - 31mm Vasiliy Ilyich STREENITSKII Lt mm First Seetion Interpreter and Escort E A SHARIGA Tamara Ignatyevna 5 Adgtinistration --Supply Laboratory Assistant Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C06741340 c0 741340 Approved for Release - a Ivenovte Mikhail Lt Col KGB Chief Bookkeeper Chief HEB Section - vows-mote Fireman Bookkeeper A TIGESHVILI Ilye Isaakovich yawn Chief MechaniCal workshop - Mechanic ricer-mom Nikolay moan Vladiinir rixodieovich Escort Chemist mm Lt mo meme Natalya Nikolayavna Laboratory Assistant TSIGAREYSHVILI Nodari - Laboratory Assistant ZAYTSEV Viktor Trifonovich Mechanic Foreman TSKHAKAYA Vakhtang Kalistratovich Physicist ZAETSEVA Natalya Romanovna - Kindergarten Worker TSOMAYA Radiological Physicist ZHELYAYEVA Anastasiya Stepanovna - Chemist TUH EOVA Valentina Ivanovna Laboratory Assistant Theoretical Physicist TUMANOVA Yekaterina Ivanoyna Laboratory Assistant Nadya Secretary 3113'3 Chief or mess ULITENKO Sergey Ivanovich - Bookkeeper Motya Chemist VASILIEV Iv'an Electrician vomcovn Dentist yonorms Georgiy Yevstai'iyevich Laborer Approved for Release 2018 12 03 306741340 1037413403 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 C06741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 - 5 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 u Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 I 003741340 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 - a - uu - Human v-v U-Ap roved for Release 2013 12 03 003741340 irri 9035173 1 3 4 0 Approved for Release 2018 12 03 006741340 n uhh Appreved fer Release 2018 12 03 006741340 This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu