1 Migene 1 Gren seed 100 THE NAVY AND os SUB—LIMITED CONFLICTS co 4 _ be te FINAL REPORT bd ase 1407 I weseamon irowokeo a mi ormee o wivat aitncn won tomer nou ani t w PBETINDREIEL 20 SEPTEMBER 1986 I _ ee aan aas — IniIARKOIRIGONE cenntdidrarmumin smieeoent memenarenent I ereariositiites AD DC _ C Rurropmntirensin® PC f E ave avanamiary nonce __ _ 4 499 idl esnin s Reply Heiiio Sik Sal u tie 0 un r ducament and must be mat eich tranemital outell¥ wie 52 L A npoanernmeinpnranodast AO Office of Nuva Ressarch Gade 162 j C fic of Nodiret Seeaviey Sidhe $o meader tantos wes Sme wmon Cll foc CONTROL sccurssirteo or 3 C HIH Paifior roms 192002e jeramy During the past decade the U8 Navy has been Involved in Shes forty incloents which may be clasaified an a show of fores Of thee lon caer as well as one involving only the United Kingdom Navy have been selected for analysin Jordan 1987 Liew 1989 i Panama 1919 Guatemala Micarapun 1960 — Berlin 1961 Thailand 1962 Kaon 1963 Heit 1963 fhe United Kingdom Mer forces were deployed in response to requests It Is nated that half of the unilateral operatione took place in the Caribbean IRQL ACOINITR was iederey c i was nein toot Contlet Origtnns — The Derlin quertion daten back t the pot war arrangements or foor—power control of Barlin and the vided Htator of Germany« The exponed poaiten of Wert Berlin Intldo Eeet Germany and th Timid access to this city from Wout Germany have provided th Soviet with a cerventent point to apply pressure on the — Saat tn 194% the and access routes were cloned in an atumpt to force a change In statin of Derlin The Warzern powere maintained hele control aver Wast Berlin by keeping accont to th eity open with a mannive ali effort tn 1958—87 the Soviate again attempted t farce a change in the aitue of Berlin but the Western resolve and apparent readinonn to igh over Berlin ted o reposted qunication and eventual divregard of the original Soviet ultimatum This crieie reached a peck of W $ Navy involvement in May of 1980 whan Sheth Plt unite wore Meried and redeployed to the Eastern Mediervancan Sea with portions st the ateike fares aircraft on deck ready fr Inunching in care of war over Berlin ritis Development The Soviet Union repented the prescure on Bertin feirly BGL Ei threat to mane a separate pesce treaty ‘ith East Germany This was coupled to a gradual teanator of control over acers to Berlin from th Soviete to the East Germane In order to force wertern recognition of Fat Germany« ‘The Sovits threatened nuclear war if the Wert should attempt to une force or violate Eart German tersitory in thar effrte to counter the restrictions Imponeda Soviet Premier Khrusche stated that any attempt at repeating a Berlin airhit would be ahot down — Amid the growing tention and nuclear threats the refugee flow from East Germany into Wert Berti increased from 2 400 pae week in Pebruary t 3 000 per day in August This lors of trained man power aggravated an Bant German lir crile and to halt thin lors on 12 Augurt 107 of 120 Berlin border eronning points were loved and atrict controle exercised bythe East Germana at thore remaining open Barbed wire barracaden were erected and contruction If the Bertin Watt wan begun a few daye laters On 18 Augurt three East tooo Commander in Chief Northeast Atistle and Mediterranean Report of Ogerations and Gonditions of Commun 1 Janvary 1950 to 31 Decemose Tiss 0 s Feansany i9e0 stchen 1 Commander United Suites European Command Annual Mietorical Report 1261 0 ror secaut wou SECRET I German Divieiont deploynd aroun Bertie Following there Soviet« Bant Germin actions and a inousage from Berlin Mayor Brandt to I President Kennady atating that ha would wolcome a demonateasve Atrungthening ofthe U8 aueriion in Nerlin the Joint Chief of Stat ienved an order on 18 Augunt for a reinforced attle group to « mavs into berlin by 20 Auguste In the weeks that followed various probes of Soviet reactions were cartiad out in Berlin io nevort Wertern rikites ‘There probes and counternctions included confrontations of Sowet and United Stites take haravsment of United Sion atreratt in the air corridarts and atreet damonateationt by the Wast Derliere« The incidents continued at a gradually decrosuing lovel throughout the remainder of 1961 and much of 1962 By May 1902 the asntion had wibilized auticietly for the personal representative af Proeident Kennedy General Lucion Clay to leave Berlin for the United Stater U 8 Maval Operations — Along with the sll up of reservinte by President Remad ihe Navy aetivated 1a Naval Reverce Training ASW vernole 6 ASW carrie alceraft aquadrons and 1 land based patrol rquntron until I Auguat 1962 ° In November 1961 an anticavbmarice f fik group was daplayed to the North—nant Atlantis for porslote employ i ment in the haraesing of Sovit naval aperatione an a counter to Soviet harassment in Berlin 5 Thie group waa relieved in February 1962 by f a wetond group that remained in the aren until May 1962 ° Some operations — were saried ou in the Balte Sea with West German Navy unite however here in no evidence that there operations wore dizectiy related o or f had any inflence on the Berlin crine Fleet exercise CHECKMATE f I Eacried out by the Sicth Pleat coincided with the Berlin crise allowing the betrized deaese of reatiness to be achieved without changes in den ployment Outcome Berlin continver to be an eave in Soviet«United I States relationt Altbough the threatened reparate Soviet—Rart German peace freaty has not yet become a realign the continued special state Sf Berlin ant te Oivlded Germany remain aa the primary impetimenta I to the achievement of Soviet—United Staten accord in Buroper I 44 commenter in Chiet 0 8 Murat Force Europe Assia Hiatasieal Resort Eiacal Year 1942 U 13 Aupoet 1962 GECRT I SECRET