The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Mark A Stokes July 27 2015 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 About the Author MARK A STOKES is the executive director of the Project 2049 Institute A 20 year U S Air Force veteran Mark has served in a variety of military and private sector positions He began his career as a signals intelligence officer with assignments in the Philippines and West Berlin Germany After graduate school and Chinese language training Mark was assigned as assistant air attaché at the U S Embassy in Beijing and subsequently as an operations planning officer on the Air Staff Between 1997 and 2004 he served as team chief and senior country director for the People’s Republic of China Taiwan and Mongolia in the Office of the Secretary of Defense After retiring from military service in the rank of lieutenant colonel he worked in the private sector on Taiwan Mark joined Project 2049 in 2008 He holds a BA from Texas A M University and graduate degrees in international relations and Asian studies from Boston University and the Naval Postgraduate School He has working proficiency in Mandarin Chinese Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Ken Allen John Costello The Leaker and friends and others for insights comments and or suggestions All errors are the responsibility of the author alone Cover image source Wikimedia Commons About the Project 2049 Institute The Project 2049 Institute seeks to guide decision makers toward a more secure Asia by the century’s mid-point Located in Arlington Virginia the organization fills a gap in the public policy realm through forward-looking region-specific research on alternative security and policy solutions Its interdisciplinary approach draws on rigorous analysis of socioeconomic governance military environmental technological and political Cover image source Wikimedia org trends and input from key players in the region with an eye toward educating the public and informing policy debate 1 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Second Bureau Leadership and Administrative Departments 3 Subordinate Offices and Work Stations 5 Second Bureau's External Network 8 Second Bureau and the Shanghai Intelligence Community 10 SIGINT Support to Political Warfare 11 SIGINT Support to Military Intelligence 11 Shanghai’s Broader Technical Reconnaissance Community 12 Conclusion 13 2 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Introduction In May 2014 the United States Department of Justice DOJ announced indictments against five Chinese People’s Liberation Army PLA officers on charges of cyber espionage directed against U S firms According to the indictments the five officers were assigned to the Third Office of the PLA General Staff Department GSD Technical Reconnaissance Department alternatively known as the Third Department Second Bureau According to the U S Attorney General “this is a case alleging economic espionage by members of the Chinese military and represents the first-ever charges against a state actor for this type of hacking ” 1 While assigned personnel may well engage in cyber espionage a survey of Second Bureau infrastructure indicates a much broader communications intelligence mission Who is the Second Bureau what is its mission how is it organized and where does the bureau fit within the broader Chinese Communist Party state and military bureaucracy This overview updates and expands upon Project 2049 reports published in November 2011 and October 2012 on Chinese cyber operations 2 Second Bureau Leadership and Administrative Departments Signals intelligence SIGINT or technical reconnaissance in PLA lexicon advances the interests of the Chinese Communist Party CCP and the People’s Republic of China PRC The PLA’s SIGINT community consists of at least 28 technical reconnaissance bureaus TRBs The GSD Third Department often referred to as 3PLA is roughly analogous to the U S National Security Agency It has direct authority over 12 operational bureaus three research institutes and a computing center Eight of the 12 operational bureau headquarters are clustered in Beijing Two others are based in Shanghai one in Qingdao and one in Wuhan Ten additional TRBs provide direct support to the PLA’s seven military regions MRs while another six support the PLA Navy PLAN Air Force PLAAF and Second Artillery Force PLASAF 3 Organization Grades Organization Administrative Level GSD 1st 3rd Dept 2nd 2nd Bureau 3rd Offices 4th Grade MR Leader Corps Leader Division Leader Regiment Leader Primary Secondary Rank Rank GEN LTG MG LTG SCOL MG COL LTC Figure 1 GSD Organization Grades Directory of PRC Military Personalities March 2014 3 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Grade rather than rank is the main indicator of relative authority and responsibility throughout the PLA Third Department bureau leaders – the director and political commissar – have a grade equivalent to a ground force division leader with a primary rank of senior colonel SCOL and a secondary rank of major general MG A bureau director is also identified as the unit commander 4 The Second Bureau Unit 61398 is one of the largest among the 12 operational bureaus that comprise the GSD Third Department The Second Bureau and the GSD Third Department Fourth Bureau both have origins in the mountains west of the Shanxi provincial city of Xinzhou Technical reconnaissance work stations under Second Bureau control were distributed throughout China 5 By 1986 the Second Bureau headquarters and most subordinate elements relocated to Shanghai At the same time the GSD Third Department Fourth Bureau headquarters moved to the city of Qingdao in Shandong province 6 The Second Bureau Party Committee implements policies established by the central leadership in Beijing and Shanghai City Party Committee The political commissar serves as the bureau’s Party Committee secretary 7 The Second Bureau director has a formal position within the Shanghai City government and most likely is deputy secretary of the Second Bureau Party Committee 8 As a military organization the Second Bureau which is considered a third-level department under the first-level GSD and second-level GSD Third Department is structured along similar lines as a PLA ground force division A division is typically divided into administrative departments and regimental- or battalion-level entities with each regiment battalion consisting of multiple companies At least three third-level administrative departments each consisting of multiple fourth-level offices support the Second Bureau leadership three deputy directors and two deputy political commissars Officers promoted to senior positions appear to have spent most of their careers within the Second Bureau although exceptions exist The leadership third-level administrative departments and a handful of subordinate offices are housed in the Second Bureau headquarters compound in Shanghai’s Pudong New Area 9 The departments are shown below  The Headquarters Department directed by the Second Bureau chief of staff oversees the day-to-day operations of subordinate offices and work stations Headquarters Department officers probably man a 24-hour watch center 10  The Political Department is responsible for physical and personnel security community relations and ideological education 11  The Logistics Department manages the Second Bureau’s budget transportation medical facilities and schools for children of those assigned to the bureau 12 Suggesting a relative degree of autonomy within the Third Department the Second Bureau oversees an annex of the Third Department’s PLA Foreign Language Academy in Jiangsu’s Kunshan City The annex which augments the primary PLA 4 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Foreign Language Academy campus in Luoyang emphasizes advanced English language training A branch of the PLA Information Engineering Academy is also located in Changshu City west of Kunshan 13 GSD THIRD DEPARTMENT SECOND BUREAU Unit 61398 Shanghai Pudong Headquarters Department Political Department Logistics Department First Office Second Office Third Office 61398 Unit 61398 Unit 61800 Unit 61800 Unit Shanghai Pudong Shanghai Baoshan Shanghai Baoshan Shanghai Baoshan Fifth Office Sixth Office Seventh Office Eighth Office 61398 Unit 61158 Unit 61398 Unit 61398 Unit Shanghai Pudong Shanghai Baoshan Shanghai Pudong Shanghai Pudong Work Station Poss Work Station Work Station Work Station 61161 Unit 61689 Unit 61357 Unit 61010 Unit Chongming Dongtan Heilongjiang Suihua Sichuan Deyang Yunnan Kunming Work Station Poss Work Station Work Station Poss Work Station 61196 Unit 61789 Unit 61522 Unit 61196 Unit Guangzhou Huadu Shanghai Jing'an Hainan Sanya Jiangsu Nantong Mobile Group Fourth Office PLA Foreign Language Academy 61800 Unit 61142 Unit Shanghai Baoshan Kunshan Annex Figure 2 GSD Third Department Second Bureau Organizational Breakdown Subordinate Offices and Work Stations Second Bureau leaders oversee at least 12 deputy division or regiment leadergrade offices and work stations sections that are garrisoned in the greater Shanghai area and other parts of China 14 An office which consists of multiple sections 科 may have administrative collection management transcription translation and or reporting functions A work station appears responsible for technical collection At least four offices are concentrated within or near the Second Bureau headquarters compound in the Pudong New Area's Gaoqiao township These offices share the bureau-level military cover designation of Unit 61398 and are assigned element numbers Other Second Bureau offices are clustered in Shanghai’s Baoshan District about 20 kilometers west of the Second Bureau headquarters 5 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398  The First Office is collocated with the Second Bureau headquarters compound in Pudong and may be responsible for general planning collection management and analysis although this cannot be confirmed based on available information 15  The Second Office is garrisoned in the Xidiantai West Radio Station compound located in the village of Caijianong within the Baoshan District’s Luodian township The eastern portion of the compound was added between 2005 and 2009 including a new main gate five additional parabolic antennas and a large vehicle garage Its history suggests that the Second Bureau’s Second Office in Luodian may have a control and communications function including processing of data collected by multiple subordinate work sections or workstations in other parts of China and possibly abroad 16 At least three translation companies share the Xidiantai address 17 Figure 3 Probable Third Department Second Bureau Second Fourth Office  The Third Office is headquartered in Shanghai’s Baoshan District possibly within the Youyi Road Community although this cannot be confirmed based on existing information The five PLA officers cited in the U S Department of Justice indictments were assigned to the Second Bureau Third Office The Third Office may have a close affiliation with the Second Bureau’s workstation on Chongming Island see below on Chongming Island Work Station 18  The Fourth Office is headquartered in Baoshan’s Xidiantai compound and appears to be a division deputy leader grade unit If so unit leaders carry the same status as counterparts in a PLA ground force brigade and only a half grade below the Second Bureau director and political commissar The Fourth Office leadership appears to have administrative management responsibilities for Second Bureau elements within Shanghai’s Baoshan District 19 6 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398  The Sixth Office is probably headquartered in the Xidiantai compound However it may have a presence in a State Administration of Press Publication Radio Film and Television of the People's Republic of China SAPPRFT compound in Luonan village approximately one and a half kilometers northwest of Xidiantai The facility is responsible for monitoring satellite radio and internet content for compliance with PRC legal statutes One source of unknown reliability alleged that Sixth Office cadre were involved in a scandal and accused officers of hacking 20  The Seventh Office which had an external designation of Unit 57337 before 2002 may have previously had a presence in Jiangxi’s Xinyu City 21  The Eighth Office is collocated with Second Bureau headquarters in Pudong and appears to have a close relationship with the Pudong Government Entry Exit and Inspection Bureau The unit appears to have been based in Shanxi’s Yuanping County before relocating to Shanghai sometime after 1978 22  A mobile element appears to be garrisoned in Lao’an a village within the Gucun Township The group may augment other Third Department bureaus or theater commands in contingency situations 23 Chongming Island Work Station The Second Bureau also manages a work station on Shanghai’s Chongming Island The unit is garrisoned in Chongming’s Dongtan township specifically in the vicinity of Chongming Submarine Cable Landing Station The landing station is reportedly the entry and exit point for 60% of all phone and internet traffic entering and leaving China 24 Other fiber optic landing stations are located in Pudong’s Nanhui District Qingdao Shandong Province Shantou Guangdong Province and Hong Kong China Coast Guard assets under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu provincial authorities are responsible for ensuring the security of the cable system 25 In 2007 the Second Bureau sponsored the installation of a 150 kilometer fiber optic network linking Chongming Island with other locations in Shanghai 26 Chongming Submarine Cable Landing Station is reportedly the entry and exit point for 60% of all phone and internet traffic entering and leaving China The work station appears to have relationships with the Second Bureau’s Second and Third Offices The political commissar of the Second Bureau Third Office in 2006 2007 is cited as political commissar of Chongming work station in 2011 27 A Second Office leader was reassigned as political commissar of the Chongming Work Station in the 2010 timeframe and subsequently promoted to Second Bureau deputy political commissar position 28 7 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Jing’an Unit The Second Bureau’s network may also include a division deputy leader grade unit headquartered in an historic compound in Shanghai’s Jing’an District 29 The unit shares its address with the Shanghai City Government 11 th Office which is reportedly directed by the Second Bureau commander 30 It also likely oversees an element or subordinate unit in the vicinity of the submarine cable landing station in the Nicheng township of Pudong’s Nanhui District 31 Two officers affiliated with the unit have also been affiliated with a radio monitoring station under the Shanghai Radio Administration Bureau which appears to have an internal security mission 32 A prominent officer in the unit is a specialist in speech recognition technology 33 Figure 4 SCOL Bian Xinshan 卞新山 is cited in 2014 reporting as office director As noted in Project 2049 and Mandiant reporting the Second Bureau has fiber optic connectivity with China Telecom’s internet monitoring center Also known as the Shanghai 005 Center the center is located in the China Telecom Information Park in Pudong The center functions as a gateway for submarine cable landing stations in Nanhui and Chongming 34 Second Bureau’s External Network The Second Bureau’s technical reconnaissance network extends well beyond Shanghai The distributed network may include at least three circularly disposed antenna array CDAA systems positioned in north south and southwest China These sites may provide a network controller in Shanghai with real-time geo-location and intercept of regional high frequency HF transmissions 35 8 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Figure 5 Unit 61398 Technical Reconnaissance Network  Northeast Work Station Two CDAA systems are located in China’s northeastern province of Heilongjiang specifically in the western suburbs of Suihua City An element of the Third Department Second Bureau maintained a presence in Suihua at least as recently as 2002 At least one of the two antenna systems may support the Second Bureau’s HF network 36  Sichuan Work Section The Second Bureau also has maintained a presence in the Sichuan provincial city of Mianzhu specifically Zundao village The unit may have been previously affiliated with the Second Bureau’s Second Office Located approximately 50 kilometers from the epicenter in Wenchuan County its facilities appear to have been damaged during the May 2008 earthquake and under reconstruction in 2010 37  Southwest Work Station The Second Bureau may oversee a workstation in the northern outskirts of the city of Kunming in Yunnan province specifically Shiqiao village As of early 2014 a possible CDAA system appeared to be under construction The unit may have been previously affiliated with the Second Bureau’s Second Office and at least one senior officer from bureau headquarters 9 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 in Shanghai has been linked with the unit Kunming also hosts collection sites subordinate to the Third Department Third and 12th Bureaus 38  Southern Work Station The Second Bureau also appears to manage a regimental-grade work station in the northwestern Guangzhou’s Tanbu Township The unit may have been affiliated with the Second Bureau’s Ninth Office in the past The work station is characterized by a large CDAA that can be seen south of Highway S118 39  Nantong Work Station A GSD workstation possibly subordinate to the Second Bureau is located in Nantong’s Xingren township The work station may operate an older CDAA 40  Zhuhai Work Section The Second Bureau probably oversees a subordinate regimental-grade work section based within the Zhuhai township of Tangjiawan The section appears to have supported the Second Bureau’s Second Office in the past 41  Hainan Work Station A relatively new Second Bureau work station is located within Sanya City on Hainan Island The unit which appears to be under the purview of a deputy division grade leader oversees a satellite ground station and information management facilities in the Sanya township of Fenghuang 42 Figure 6 Google Earth Satellite Image of Probable Second Bureau Hainan Ground Station Second Bureau and the Shanghai Intelligence Community The Second Bureau leadership reports to the GSD Third Department headquarters in Beijing However the bureau also appears to have horizontal relationships with the Shanghai City government and other intelligence units in the Yangzi River Delta area The director of the Second Bureau is dual-hatted as director of the Shanghai City Government 11th Office 43 This position implies not only a vertical command relationship with Shanghai City party and government authorities but horizontal associations with two other PLA organizations that are assigned Shanghai City office designations the PLA General Political Department Liaison Department GPD LD Shanghai Liaison Bureau and the GSD Intelligence Department Shanghai Bureau 10 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 SIGINT Support to Political Warfare The GSD Third Department Second Bureau likely provides communications intelligence to GPD LD’s Shanghai Bureau GPD LD is the CCP’s principal arm for political warfare with a grade equal to that of the GSD Third Department The director of the GPD LD Shanghai Bureau is dual-hatted as director of the Shanghai City Government Seventh Office 44 The Third Department Second Bureau’s capacity to intercept email exchanges computer files cell phone calls text messages of targets of interest on Taiwan in the U S and elsewhere may facilitate GPD LD assessment of individuals—both military and civilian—with access and influence for political purposes These data collections are useful for evaluating and selecting officers for clandestine political warfare campaigns among other functions The bureau allegedly maintains a data base on military officers from Taiwan and presumably other foreign military personnel with a rank of colonel and above Profiles updated on a semi-monthly basis include basic data such as date and place of birth education personal habits family and current location 45 One of the Shanghai bureau’s principal platform for exchanges is the Shanghai Association for International Friendly Contact 46 The Third Department Second Bureau’s capacity to intercept email exchanges computer files cell phone calls text messages of targets of interest on Taiwan in the U S and elsewhere may facilitate GPD LD assessment of individuals—both military and civilian—with access and influence for political purposes SIGINT Support to Military Intelligence The GSD Intelligence Department also referred to as the GSD Second Department and 2PLA is responsible for the collection and analysis of military intelligence The director of the GSD Intelligence Department’s Shanghai Liaison Bureau is dual hatted as director of the Shanghai City Government Fifth Office 47 Second Bureau officers are also affiliated with platforms shared by the Second Department including the Shanghai Association of International Strategic Studies SAISS and the Shanghai Strategy Association 48 11 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Figure 7 Shanghai’s Military Intelligence Community Shanghai’s Broader Technical Reconnaissance Community The Second Bureau likely also has working relationships with other PLA technical reconnaissance entities in the greater Shanghai area  Third Department 12th Bureau The Third Department 12th Bureau is headquartered in Shanghai’s Zhabei District and is an important member of China’s space and remote sensing community A prominent U S cyber security firm concluded the Second Bureau shared cyber-related resources with the12th Bureau 49  Third Department S T Equipment Bureau The Third Department S T Equipment Bureau maintains a representative office in Shanghai The representative office most likely coordinates with Shanghai-based equipment and technology suppliers and may function as a material supply depot for the east China region 50 12 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398  Third Department Third Bureau The Third Department Third Bureau’s Third Office is based in Shanghai and appears to have an electromagnetic shielding TEMPEST mission 51  National Shanghai Information Security Engineering Technology Center The Second Bureau also played a role in establishment of the National Information Security Engineering Technology Center NISEC Established in Shanghai in 2001 the center appears to be managed by the Third Department on behalf of the State Council’s Ministry of Science and Technology National Crypto Management Center State Secrecy Bureau Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of State Security 52  Nanjing MR PLAN and PLAAF SIGINT Units The Nanjing MR First Technical Reconnaissance Bureau oversees two separate offices in Shanghai’s Songjiang and Minhang districts The mission of these units is unknown The PLAAF Second Technical Reconnaissance Bureau headquartered in Nanjing oversees a subordinate office in Shanghai’s southern Fengxian District 53 Conclusion Cyber espionage poses an advanced persistent threat to U S national and economic security Groups operating from PRC territory are believed to be waging a coordinated cyber espionage campaign targeting U S government industrial and think tank computer networks A dozen of these groups have been identified and linked with the PLA and others connected with universities and information security enterprises At least one of these groups is affiliated with the GSD Third Department Second Bureau Unit 61398 in Shanghai The Second Bureau plays an important role in the creation of a global electronic fishbowl In May 2014 the U S Department of Justice issued indictments against five PLA officers on charges of cyber espionage directed against U S firms According to the indictments the five officers had been assigned to the Second Bureau’s Third Office The indictments imply the Third Office has a cyber espionage mission However an organizational and capability survey of the Second Bureau suggests responsibilities well beyond cyber espionage A detailed examination of the Second Bureau operational infrastructure may serve as a tentative baseline in assessing organizational structures of other Third Department bureaus The Second Bureau oversees a work station in the vicinity of a major submarine cable landing station on Chongming Island and probably a unit near the Nanhui cable landing station Second Bureau elements with direct access to fiber optic cable landing stations could buffer communications traffic entering and leaving China As gatekeepers Second Bureau officers may have some cognizance of large volumes of data exfiltrated by other cyber espionage groups operating from throughout China Also worthy of note are GSD Fourth Department elements in the same areas 54 Other members of the PLA technical reconnaissance community may have access to similar landing stations located in Qingdao Shantou Hong Kong and more recently in Fuzhou 13 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 The Second Bureau’s network may also include technical reconnaissance sites in northeast China Suihua southwest China Kunming and South China Guangzhou Access to at least three high frequency direction finding HF DF CDAA systems could enable a Second Bureau network controller in Shanghai to geolocate HF transmissions throughout the Asia-Pacific region to monitor interfere or block signals unfavorable to the CCP's goals Potential targets of the network may include the U S Air Force High Frequency Global Communications System and naval beyond line-of-sight communications e g HF Link-11 Civilian networks of interest may include international air traffic control managed by the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO maritime safety Radio Free Asia and other networks The Second Bureau may be the sole department within the technical reconnaissance community operating three or more CDAA systems as an integrated network Other CDAA systems have been noted in China but their subordination could not be determined at this time As gatekeepers Second Bureau officers may have some cognizance of large volumes of data exfiltrated by other cyber espionage groups operating from throughout China Finally the Second Bureau director’s concurrent position as director of the Shanghai City Government 11th Office suggests vertical and horizontal lines of authority The concept of dual leadership and vertical horizontal relations is rooted in CCP and PLA history and potentially leads to fragmented lines of authority 55 Vertically the Second Bureau reports to Third Department leaders in Beijing Horizontally the Second Bureau may also support Shanghai party and government authorities The Second Bureau probably has a working relationship with counterpart bureaus under the GPD LD Shanghai City Government Seventh Office and GSD Second Department Shanghai City Government Fifth Office It remains unclear if similar dual leadership arrangements exist in the municipal governments of Beijing Qingdao and Wuhan which also host Third Department bureau commands Regardless a better understanding of civil-military lines of authority could help inform U S policy responses to cyber espionage and counter-intelligence operations 14 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Notes See “U S Charges Five Chinese Military Hackers for Cyber Espionage against U S Corporations and a Labor Organization for Commercial Advantage ” Department of Justice website May 19 2014 at http www justice gov opa pr 2014 May 14-ag-528 html and Michael S Schmidt and David E Sanger “5 in China Army Face U S Charges of Cyberattacks New York Times May 19 2014 at http www nytimes com 2014 05 20 us us-to-charge-chinese-workers-with-cyberspying html _r 0 Also see “APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units ” Mandiant Report February 18 2013 at http intelreport mandiant com Mandiant_APT1_Report pdf 1 Mark A Stokes Jenny Lin and L C Russell Hsiao “The Chinese People's Liberation Army Signals Intelligence and Cyber Reconnaissance Infrastructure ” Project 2049 Occasional Paper November 11 2011 at http project2049 net documents pla_third_department_sigint_cyber_stokes_lin_hsiao pdf and Mark A Stokes and L C Russell Hsiao “Countering Chinese Cyber Operations Opportunities and Challenges for U S Interests ” Project 2049 Occasional Paper October 29 2012 at http project2049 net documents countering_chinese_cyber_operations_stokes_hsiao pdf 2 For further background see “The Chinese People’s Liberation Army Signals Intelligence and Cyber Reconnaissance Infrastructure ” 3 For an excellent explanation of grades and ranks see Ken Allen “Assessing the PLA’s Promotion Ladder to CMC Member Based on Grades vs Ranks – Part 1” China Brief July 22 2010 and “Assessing the PLA’s Promotion Ladder to CMC Member Based on Grades vs Ranks – Part 2 ” China Brief August 5 2010 4 The PLA has traditionally adopted multiple means of distinguishing individual military organizations A functional unit has a true designation e g “GSD Third Department Second Bureau” as well as a military unit cover designation MUCD for external use For discussion of the PLA MUCD system see Dennis J Blasko The Chinese Army Today Tradition and Transformation for the 21 st Century New York Routledge 2005 pp 82-83 GSD functional units were assigned three and four digit cover designations in the 1960s The Third Department’s original eight bureaus were numbered sequentially from 761 to 768 The Second Bureau was assigned a cover designation of 762 总字 762 部队 In 1975 the PLA changed its MUCDs to a five digit system Third Department bureau-level general headquarters were assigned sequential designations numbered from 57311 First Bureau to 57319 Ninth Bureau The Second Bureau general headquarters was designated as Unit 57312 Subordinate Second Bureau offices and work station MUCDs were number sequentially from 57331 to 57339 eg Second Bureau First Office was Unit 57331 Second Office was Unit 57332 Third Office presumably was 57333 Fourth Office was 57334 etc By way of comparison Third Department Third Bureau offices were numbered sequentially from 57341 to 57348 or perhaps up to 57351 and Fourth Bureau offices from 57361 to 57369 For unknown reasons the Second Bureau designation was changed from 57312 to 57322 when the headquarters moved from Shanxi to Shanghai in the early 1980s The Fourth Bureau maintained its designation of Unit 57314 when it moved to Qingdao In 2000 the PLA again changed MUCDs GSD units were assigned designations in the 61001 to 61999 block Unlike the previous GSD MUCD system the grade and type of unit can not be determined based on the number itself The Second Bureau’s general headquarters designation and selected offices changed to 61398 Offices collocated with the Second Bureau general headquarters in Pudong Unit 61398 are assigned element numbers rather than independent MUCDs As a general rule functional regimental-level grade units and higher usually are assigned an MUCD rather than an element number For example the Second Bureau First Office is designated as Unit 61398 Element 21 Second Bureau offices clustered in one complex in Baoshan share the designation of 61800 5 For photos of the old compound see http www 360doc com content 14 0707 19 12771072_392688258 shtml The Fourth Bureau headquarters was garrisoned in Huanglonggou 黄龙王沟 while the Second Bureau was in Nantuolou village 南陀罗村 6 15 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 During the Second Bureau’s formative years in Shanxi Xiao Sen 萧森 or 肖森 1914-2004 served concurrently as director and political commissar He was subsequently assigned as a deputy political commissar of the Third Department Xiao Sen most likely was replaced as Second Bureau political commissar by Xu Shusen 徐树森 1922-2008 Guo Xueshun 郭学顺 was assigned as political commissar in 1995 Guo Xueshun previously worked in the Second Bureau’s First and Eighth Offices and directed the Second Bureau Political Department He also did a short stint with the Third Department Fourth Bureau Another former commissar is Senior Colonel SCOL Luo Yala 罗亚拉 b 1955 who was assigned to the PLA Academy of Electronic Engineering in 2008 and promoted to major general in 2009 SCOL Qiu Zuping 邱祖平 b 1957 likely replaced Luo Yala Qiu Zuping had previously served as political commissar of the Third Department’s 11th Bureau Qiu was assigned as political commissar of the PLA Air Defense Command Academy in the 2010 2011 timeframe and promoted to major general in December 2011 For a 2008 reference to Fan Xianzhang and Qiu Zuping as 61398 commander and political commissar see “宝山区领导赴驻区部队学习考察 ” Baoshan City government website June 27 2008 at http bsq sh gov cn zwxx zxbd 200806 t20080627_83479 html As of March 2015 Second Bureau political commissar is SCOL Ma Hui 马辉 He is also a member of the Pudong Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Committee CPPCC For reference to Ma Hui as political commissar and CCPCC member see “政协上海市浦东新区第五届委员会名单 ” undated at http www pdzx gov cn meeting_name html and “微观点（2015 年第一期 ” Pudong CPPCC website March 18 2015 at http www pdzx gov cn newsdetail php id 12718 7 Xiao Sen directed the bureau during its early years Lu Peng 吕蓬 directed the Second Bureau in the 1990 1991 timeframe and now serves as a deputy director of the Shanghai Institute for International Strategic Studies SCOL Fan Xianzhang 范宪章 was assigned as Second Bureau director in June 2008 and commanded the bureau as of 2011 For a 2008 reference to Fan Xianzhang see 韩正参加部队代表团 审议 Xinhua January 28 2008 at http sh xinhuanet com misc 2008-01 28 content_12332751 htm and “宝山区领导赴驻区部队学习考察 ” Baoshan District Government website June 27 2008 at http bsq sh gov cn zwxx zxbd 200806 t20080627_83479 html For a 2011 reference to Fan Xianzhang see “韩正 上海要保持拥军传统为部队官兵解决后顾之忧 ” Shanghai Eastday Media January 20 2011 at http sh eastday com qtmt lh2011 u1a849071 html An Nan 安南 may have replaced Fan Xianzhang in mid- to late-2011 8 Second Bureau deputy director SCOL Liu Qizheng 刘其正 previously directed the Second Bureau’s Second Office in Baoshan See “Listing of Pudong District People’s Congress 2005 ” Pudong People’s Congress website December 30 2005 at http www pdrd gov cn pudong showinfo showinfo aspx infoid 3698 Former deputy political commissar SCOL Duan Yisheng 段义生 has roots in the Seventh Office For reference to Liu Qizheng and Duan Yisheng see 浦东新区南汇博物馆举办“三峡石图展 Pudong Cultural Network August 5 2010 at http www pdwb net pdwb_website html pdwb pdwb_zwxx_snxw 2010-08-05 Detail_209 htm Another possible Second Bureau deputy director is Zhu Xiaoyang 朱晓阳 As of 2014 one of two deputy political commissars is Yan Guozhu 严国柱 9 For reference to a Unit 61398 Headquarters Department 司令部 in the Gaoqiao township 高桥镇 see 关于表彰 2014 年度高桥镇双拥工作先进单位和个人、双拥工作优秀服务项目的决定 Pudong Government website July 30 2014 at http gov pudong gov cn newgovOpen_GQZRMZF_yw_shjzyf Info Detail_564007 htm A typical PLA unit headquarters department consists of a command center communications and other sections and guard support group or battalion The Headquarters Department Communications Section 通信科 oversees the Second Bureau’s internal communications network 10 Liu Bingquan 刘炳泉 directed the Second Bureau Political Department as of early 2013 He previously directed the Second Bureau’s Fourth Office in Baoshan See “中心召开庆祝建军 85 周年暨优秀志愿者表彰 11 16 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 大会 ” Shanghai Military Leisure network January 2 2013 at http www pudongjunxiu com lunbo html 451 html As of 2013 Zhang Xufei 张旭飞 was deputy director of the Political Department For reference to the Second Bureau Logistics Department see 金秋十月颂祖国 军民共建谱新篇——运管 署和 61398 部队后勤部举办军地共建联欢会 Shanghai Pudong New Area Construction and Transportation Commission website October 30 2006 at http www pdjjw gov cn pdjjw_web168 news detailDo aspx sj_dir dj_jcdj ct_id 43488 12 Established in 1995 the school is said to have moved from its previous location at 苇城南路 1688 号 to 嵩山路 18 号 As of January 2015 the commandant is SCOL Wang Hongshou 王洪涛 and political commissar is Chen Shoushen 陈寿生 For a 2015 reference to Wang Hongshou see “我院与解放军外国语 学院昆山校区共建’汉语国际教育实习基地’ ” Anhui University website February 1 2015 at http wxy ahu edu cn news_show asp id 604 The Kunshan training group carries a military cover designation of Unit 61142 For background see “Garrisons ” Suzhou National Defense Education Online May 28 2012 at http www sz81 org cn mod news act detail id 6662 13 As a general rule a chu can be identified by an internal true unit designation eg GSD Third Department Second Bureau Third Office or by an MUCD and element number that are used externally eg 61398 Unit 21 fendui An MUCD is usually assigned only to regimental-level units and above eg usually not for battalions companies platoons etc A work station gongzuozhan 工作站 appears to be responsible for technical collection 14 In PLA and defense industrial organizational structure the first office bureau design department lab etc is often responsible for general affairs and horizontal coordination One of the most prominent scholars with probable roots in the Second Bureau First Office 21 分队 is SCOL Zhou Jianping 周建平 who is possibly retired and currently affiliated with the Shanghai Association of Strategic Studies 上海市 战略学会 among other organizations As of 2009 the First Office political commissar was Li Deyin 李德 银 See “军民共建鱼水情双拥工作新思路 ” Shanghai City Highway Management Bureau website January 2009 at http www pudong highway sh cn newshtml djhsxzzgz 20090121153532 htm 15 Before 2002 the external cover designation of the Second Office was most likely Unit 57332 Workstations or sections in other parts of China including Suihua Heilongjiang province Qingdao Shandong province and Zundao Sichuan province reportedly shared the Unit 57332 designation Today no new MUCD in the 61XXX series with one exception has been linked with the Second Office in Baoshan The Second Office probably has an external designation of Unit 61800 Element 22 22 分队 and is co-located with the Fourth Office on Xidiantai Road in Luonan’s Caijianong 蔡家弄西电台 Deputy political commissar of the Second Bureau Liu Qizheng 刘其正 is a former Second Office director For reference to the Second Office in Luonan see “罗店镇召开庆祝建军 84 周年暨军民共建表彰 大会 ” Baoshan District Government website August 1 2011 at http bsq sh gov cn zwxx zjdzwxx 201108 t20110801_138568 html 16 At least two or three Second Bureau offices in the Baoshan District appear to be assigned element numbers alongside the military cover designation of Unit 61800 Before 2002 the Fourth Office carried an MUCD of 57334 Unit 61800 like the preceding Unit 57334 carries a Baoshan District address of Hutai Road Lane 6058 #100 宝山区沪太路 6058 弄 100 号 Box 201908 At least three translation branch companies share the same address and presumably employ personnel inside the Second Bureau’s Xidiantai compound on Hutai Road 1 Shanghai Bowwin Translation Company 上海博文翻译有限公司 2 Shanghai Yijia Translation Studio 上海译佳翻译工作室 and 3 the Shanghai Handsome Translation Company 上海汉森翻译有限公司 The Shanghai Dongshi S T Development Company 上海东时科技发 展有限公司 and 上海奈特实业有限公司 also share the same address 17 17 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 For reference to Third Office 总参二局三处 association with the Youyi Road Community see “Youyi Road Community Pays Respects to Units on Baiyi Day” 友谊路街道“八一”慰问共建部队 Youyi Road Community website August 3 2010 at http www youyi gov cn yyfm news detail 6e0a1119c6913fb41407af8435f54836 html As of 2011 the Third Office political commissar was Wang Chengmin 王成民 Also see James T Areddy and Fanfan Wang “Who is UglyGorilla On the Trail of China’s Alleged Cyber-Thieves ” Wall Street Journal China Real Time July 8 2014 at http blogs wsj com chinarealtime 2014 07 08 searching-for-chinasuglygorilla 18 Colonel Ju Bin 车滨 served as Fourth Office director in the 2010 timeframe In a photo he has four rows of ribbons with one star in center ribbon on the top row indicating a division deputy leader grade For a 2010 reference to Ju Bin as Fourth Office director see 我公司举办“庆八一观世博”军民乒乓球友谊赛 Shanghai Eastpump Company website July 30 2010 at www eastpump com shownews asp%3Fid%3D225 cd 1 hl en ct clnk gl us For a general reference to the GSD Luonan Management Office see 拥军优属，拥政爱民 Luodian Township Government website 2013 at http www shwmcj cn wmszfc second mien homePage JumpSelfModule jsp selfModuleid 17 4214 WL_ID 1370 COMPANYTYPE 1 OWNER 1648 Qin Xiyin 秦夕银 was political commissar of the Fourth Office in the 2005-2007 timeframe Hou Haisheng 侯海生 and Ni Zhongping 倪仲平 were Fourth Office director and political commissar in the 2008 timeframe For reference to a Zhang Hairong 张海荣 as 61800 Unit office director in 2010 see 罗店镇市容办召开杜沈路两侧环境整治 协调会 Jinluodian government website March 4 2010 at http www jinluodian gov cn 140 108 116 2010341162525 html Liu Bingquan 刘炳泉 directed the Fourth Office in the 2011 timeframe 19 The Sixth Office appears to carry an external designation of Unit 61158 As of 2009 SCOL Shi Jianhui 史建辉 was the 61158 Unit director and SCOL Yan Yan 颜焱 was office political commissar For linkage of Shi Jianhui and Yan Yan with Unit 61158 see “军民联谊携手共建 ” Luodianzhen Government website August 4 2009 at http www jinluodian gov cn 140 108 147 2009841472064 html For reference to 61158 Unit and a Political Commissar Yan see “企业文化建设的回顾与思考 ” Baoshan Vehicle Inspection Party Committee website at http www shlxhd gov cn Website 7 SituationView aspx id 7300 ActivityId 536678 One Shanghai source publicly alleges a scandal involving officers previously assigned to the Second Bureau She references Shi Jianhui as director of the Second Bureau Sixth Office The source also claims personal knowledge of Sixth Office personnel competence in cyber espionage The SARFT 553 Station one of the PRC’s first broadcast monitoring sites was established in Shanghai in 1955 Among various sources see SARFT Student Recruitment notice at http www yingjiesheng com job-001-756-328 html 20 The Seventh Office probably shares the Unit 61398 designation and is assigned an element number 61398 部队 27 分队 Lu Yongda 陆永达 has been identified as a past Seventh Office political commissar and Liu Ya’nan 刘亚南 as a deputy office director For citation of Lu Yongda as Element 27 political commissar see “和谐发展 军民共建 ” Waigaoqiao Medical Report 外高桥医销中心简报 May 8 2012 at http www shpdc com downloadsfront do method picker flag all id 00ad13f3-1703-46d2-903d9ce00a0faa02 fileId 56da4b85-7699-483d-a12f-42280d6de174 memstate 21 For reference to the Eighth Office in Pudong see “浦东局与部队新春联谊 ” Pudong Government Entry Exit and Inspection Bureau website February 25 2010 at http pudong shciq gov cn xwzs fjxw 201404 t20140408_23520 html 22 23For reference to the Unit 61800 Mobile Group 61800 部队机动大队 in Gucunzhen Lao’an village 顾村 镇老安村 see “顾村镇举行军政迎春座谈会 ” Baoshan People’s Government website January 14 2009 at http bsq sh gov cn zwxx zjdzwxx 200901 t20090114_92783 html and “顾村镇召开庆 八一 军政座谈 18 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 会 ” Baoshan People’s Government website July 29 2009 at http bsq sh gov cn zwxx zjdzwxx 200907 t20090729_105020 html A candidate location may be in the vicinity of Bao’an Highway and Diantai Road Managed by China Telecom the Chongming Cable Landing Station began construction in 1997 and was completed by the end of December 2001 It is the landing station for SEA-ME-WE 3 SMW3 Asia-Pacific Cable Network 2 APCN-2 China-US Cable Network CUCN and Trans-Pacific Express TPE For discussion of the Chongming cable landing site see “海底光缆巡护亲历记 ” Jiefang Daily April 21 2012 at http newspaper jfdaily com jfrb html 2012-04 21 content_788875 htm Other sites are in Nanhui 南汇芦潮港 Qingdao and Shantou 24 See “江苏省总队直属支队专项行动 确保“亚信峰会”海底光缆畅通 ” SOA website May 23 2014 at http www soa gov cn xw dfdwdt dfjg 201405 t20140523_31869 html The Fourth Bureau appears to oversee an office in the vicinity of the Qingdao submarine cable landing station 25 For reference to the Unit 61398 communications engineering project on Chongming and Nanhui 61398 部队崇明 南汇通信工程 see “Enterprise Introduction” 企业简介 China Shanghai Railway Signal and Communication International Engineering Company 上海中铁通信信号国际工程有限公司 website undated at http www crscs-global com _d273693739 htm For other reference to cabling see Project 2049 “Countering Cyber Operations footnote citing “Regarding GSD Third Department Requirements for Our Company’s Communication Channels” 关于总参三部二局需使用我公司通信管道的请示 China Telecom Marketing Department Announcement March 20 2009 Also see James T Areddy Paul Mozur and Danny Yadron “From Mountains Island Secret Town China's Electronic Spy Shop Watches ” Wall Street Journal July 7 2014 at http online wsj com articles chinas-spy-agency-hasbroad-reach-1404781324 and James T Areddy “Birds Above Data Below Where the U S Internet Meets China’s” Wall Street Journal China Real Time July 8 2014 at http blogs wsj com chinarealtime 2014 07 08 birds-above-data-below-where-the-u-s-internet-meetschinas 26 For reference to a Ji Ming 姬明 as Second Bureau Third Office political commissar 总参三部二局三处 政委姬明 in 2007 see “Youyi Road Community Commences Spring 2007 Military Police Civilian Discussion” 友谊路街道召开 2007 年军警民迎春座谈会 Baoshan government website February 8 2007 at http www bsdj cn 21 237 241 2008515241365 html For another reference to the Third Office in the Youyi Community along with reference to Political Commissar Ji and a Director Zhu see “Youyi Road Community Party Work Committee Central Group Holds Military Study Session” 友谊路社区（街道 ）党工委中心组举行军地联合学习会 Baoshan District government website November 3 2006 at http www bsdj cn 21 237 241 2008515241323 html For a 2011 reference to Ji Ming 姬明 as Unit 61161 political commissar see “’八一’慰问促双拥热心送法进军营 ” Shanghai City government website August 2 2011 at http www shanghai gov cn shanghai node2314 node2315 node18454 u21ai528568 html 27 The Chongming station carries an external designation of Unit 61161 and is located in Dongtan See “崇 明县司法局开展“迎八一”双拥慰问活动 ” Shanghai Political-Legal Committee website July 26 2013 at http www shzfzz net node2 zzb shzfzz gjfs node1819 u1ai383732 html For a January 2014 reference to Wang Tao 汪涛 as director of Unit 61161 see “工作需要列席崇明县第十五届人民代表大会第五次会议 人员名单 ” in 上海市崇明县人民代表大会常务委员会公报 Chongming People’s Congress January 2014 p 39 In December 2007 Wang Tao is listed as a regiment-grade leader with Unit 61398 For reference to the Qianshao 前哨 and Dongtan 东滩 sites see “崇明县领导亲切慰问部队官兵 ” Shanghai Dongfangwang August 1 2010 at http s hzw eastday com shzw G 20120801 u1ai86344 html The GSD Fourth Department also maintains a unit in the eastern Chongming village of Qianshao Unit 61208 See 拥军慰问庆“八一” 共话军民鱼水情 Wetland China July 30 2012 at http www shidi org sf_92B45D568DB64FFBA2977E87BD940691_151_cmdt html 28 19 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 The regiment has an external cover designation of Unit 61789 and is headquartered in a small hidden compound at 810 Yan’an Middle Road 延安中路 810 号 200041 The compound is said to have been the Indian consulate between 1956 and 1962 See “延安中路 810 号住宅 ” at http www yplib org cn structure jdsh bnsz jz_74224_1 htm The regiment’s designation before 2000 was Unit 57374 which may been associated with the GSD Third Department Fifth Bureau SCOL Bian Xinshan 卞新山 is cited in a 2014 source as office director 处长 For one example linking SCOL Bian with Unit 61789 see “静安区领导“八一”走访慰问驻区部队官兵 ” Jing’an Government website August 15 2014 at http www jingan gov cn newscenter bmdt qmzj 201408 t20140815_148879 html In a photo he has four rows of ribbons with one star in center ribbon on the top row indicating a division deputy leader grade For photo of Bian see “Representative Listing” 静安寺街道 Jing’An District People’s Congress website undated at http rd jingan gov cn jard_web usercenter Dbzl aspx DeptName %BE%B2%B0%B2%CB%C2%BD% D6%B5%C0 Gao Lei 高磊 was political commissar in the 2010 timeframe 29 The unit address 810 Yan’an Middle Road is linked with the Shanghai 11 th Office A phone number 021-58671111 listed for the address has been linked with the Second Bureau headquarters on Datong Road Guo Xueshun 郭学顺 was assigned as Second Bureau political commissar in 1995 former Unit 57322 and previously worked in the Second Bureau’s First and Eighth Offices the Second Bureau Political Department and also with the Third Department Fourth Bureau In a phone listing from 2000 a Guo Xueshun is listed as 11th Office point of contact http www socom cn company 12245173 html The address 810 Yan’an Middle Road also hosts the Luoyang Foreign Language Academy Shanghai Classmate Association 洛阳外国语学院上海校友会 Taicang Desheng Plastics Corporation 太仓德盛塑业 有限公司 http tcdssy cn china cn and the Shanghai Hongguang Economic Information Development Center 上海宏光经济信息发展中心 or Uninet Corporation - 上海优特交互网公司 which appears to function as an internet web hosting service A previous senior figure affiliated with the Shanghai 11 th Office in the 2006 timeframe is MG Xiao Shichang 肖石长 or 肖石常 Xiao may have been had a senior position with the GSD Third Department Fourth Bureau in years past For reference to a Xiao Shichang as leader of an unidentified unit in Qingdao in the 2002 2003 timeframe see “2003 年军地联席办公会议举 行 夏耕主持会议并讲话 ” Qingdao News 青岛日报 January 23 2003 at http club xilu com zgjsyj replyview-819697435 html PHPSESSID 67e66f2f67c51bd4c5aa40e62038c816 30 For reference to the Unit 61789 Nanhui site see “浦东新区双拥模范申报表彰公示名单” Pudong government website undated at http gov pudong gov cn zxpt_wsgs info detail_368933 htm and 临 港新城重装备区工程环境影响报告书 2011 at www envir gov cn info 2011 201107065 pdf For reference to the 61398 Unit Nanhui Site see “关于 2010 年浦东新区科技拥军有关工作的通知 ” Pudong City government website June 16 2010 at http gov pudong gov cn newgovOpen_KWJ_qt_qt Info Detail_346001 htm For reference to a Unit 61789 presence in Nanhui’s Nicheng Township see 军民共建敬夕阳 欢聚一堂闹元宵 Pudong District Party Building website February 21 2012 at http dangjian pudong gov cn pd_djw_djcz_ncdj 201102-18 Detail_356072 htm and “科学知识武装现代军人，科普工作深入前线军营- 2012 年科技活动周之科 普进军营在泥城启动 Pudong Popular Science website June 21 2012 at http www pdkp org 8083 Article 2014 201428649 shtml 31 Jia Hongbao 贾洪宝 directed Unit 61789 in the 2006 timeframe and was also affiliated with the Shanghai Radio Monitoring Station 上海市无线电监测站 He is now deputy director of the Shanghai City Radio Administration Bureau 上海市无线电管理局 Xu Biyue 徐碧越 also was associated with the 61789 Unit in the 2007 timeframe and has also been linked with the Shanghai Radio Monitoring Station For reference to Xu Biyue with Unit 61789 in 2007 see “上海人才服务行业协会 ” June 12 2007 at http www docin com p-85137619 html For background on the station’s responsibilities see “上海市无 32 20 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 线电监测站职责 ” Shanghai Radio Administration Bureau November 21 2013 at http www shrc gov cn Item 560 aspx and “中心上海监测站：从监测新兵到“国家队”骨干 ” The Shanghai Radio Administration Bureau should not be confused with the Shanghai Communications Administration 上海市通信管理局 Mou Naiqiu 牟乃秋 is cited in 2010 2011 reporting as director of a Unit 61789 station in Nanhui and also as director of Unit 61279 which is garrisoned in Shanghai’s Pudong District For his masters thesis addressing speech recognition technology see Mou Naiqiu 高灵敏度语音检测研究 Fudan University School of Information Science and Engineering 复旦大学通信科学与工程系 November 18 2004 at http www doc88 com p-8149048788701 html 33 The Shanghai 005 Center 上海市 005 中心 is a tenant of the China Telecom Information Park 中国电 信信息园区 which is located at 5788 Yanggao Road 杨高南路 5788 号 in Nanhui See “Regarding GSD Third Department Requirements for Our Company’s Communication Channels” 关于总参三部二局需使 用我公司通信管道的请示 China Telecom Marketing Department Announcement March 20 2009 originally cited in Project 2049’s 2012 report on Chinese cyber operations and Wang Xin 中国电信信 息园打造亚太“信息心脏” IT Times IT 时报 August 11 2009 at http it sohu com 20090811 n265867700 shtml Another term used is the Nanhui Data Center 南汇数 据中心 Also see “APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units ” Mandiant Report February 18 2013 at http intelreport mandiant com Mandiant_APT1_Report pdf The 005 Center is related to the Shanghai City Special Use Bureau 专用局 which was directed by Huang Zhanjiang 黄占江 before 2013 Huang is dual hatted as deputy director of the Shanghai City Communications Administration 上海市通 信管理局 For background see http www shca gov cn html Item_124 info_576 html 34 35For excellent discussions of CDAA sites in China and other places see Matthew Aid’s blog at http www matthewaid com as well as the Google Earth forum group at https productforums google com forum # msg gec-military-moderated O68Xo80rK_E mFgbfZqmUwJ The Suihua site located north of Highway S304 has a cover designation of Unit 61689 and was the 57335 Unit prior to 2002 It was probably affiliated in the past with the Second Bureau’s Fifth Office For reference to affiliation with the Second Bureau in 2002 see 绥化市司仪协会大事纪 1996 12-2013 7 Suihua City Emcee Association website February 1 2010 at http www shhqlyxh com News Show asp id 106 One speculative source believes the Suihua site may have been resubordinated to the Third Department Fifth Bureau Rong Yihong 阮益红 commanded the regiment in the 2011 timeframe Current commander may be Li Guohui 李国辉 36 The regiment carries an external designation of the 61357 Unit Before 2000 it shared a 57332 Unit designation suggesting a past affiliated with the Second Bureau Second Office SCOL Wang Baozhu 王宝 柱 b 1957 is another regimental level leader of the Zundao unit Members from the Second Bureau deployed to Sichuan for an earthquake relief mission in May 2008 See “New District Welcomes 61398 Unit Officers and Men on Rescue Mission in Sichuan” 新区拥军支前慰问团赴川慰问驻区 61398 部队驻川 官兵 Haiyang Group website December 3 2011 at http www 96890 org oldlife_view php id 110082 In the article An Nan is carried as bureau director 安南局长 and Duan Yisheng 段义生副政委 as deputy political commissar For reference to damage in the area see 高桥镇党委副书记瞿理华率队同志亲 切看望在川抗震救灾的家属 Gaoqiao Village website May 27 2008 at http gq pdsq cn schoolinfo aspx modelid 2 Id 2780 For reference to new unit construction see 绵竹 61357 部队综合楼工程开工 China Construction Group March 20 2010 at http jszzk ceepa cn show_more php doc_id 95726 Zhao Kun 赵坤 served as director or deputy director in the 2012 timeframe Xia Minfei 夏敏飞 served as political commissar in the 2008 timeframe 37 21 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 His wife is listed as a member of the Party Committee of a community within Shanghai’s Gaoqiao township The Kunming work station is designated the 61010 Unit It previously was a fendui under the 57332 Unit For reference to a senior Second Bureau officer An Nan 安南 visiting the 61010 Unit in 2011 see “ 军民”合作，共铸美好商城 ” Yunnan Zhonghao Network May 22 2011 at http www ynzhonghao com zhfamily_info aspx id 80 As an example of reporting associating An Nan with the Second Bureau see 共庆“八一”建军节互叙军民鱼水情 Shanghai Jinfeng Investment Company website September 30 2009 at http www shjftz com cn culturedetail aspx id 683 The Kunming site appears to have moved from another location to Shiqiao village For reference to the new 61010 Unit site construction see “建设项目选址意见书发证结果 ” Kunming City Planning Bureau September 22 2011 at http gcjsxxgk yn gov cn Project Content P_1 aspx PID 1832 DepartmentId 10501 Based on Google Earth imagery the CDAA is greater than 300 meters in diameter and appears to consist of 40 elements The GSD Third Department Third Bureau also oversees a facility in Kunming’s Paomashan probably the Third Bureau Fourth Office which carries a designation of Unit 61538 previously the 57340 Unit 38 The work station located in the Tanbuzhen’s Chatang village 茶塘村 or Xintai village 新太村 carries a designation of the 61196 Unit Before 2002 it was the 57339 Unit 39 40The GSD workstation has an external designation of the 61725 Unit For reference to the GSD workstation see “通州双拥工作简报 2012 年第 4 期 ” Tongzhou District website November 6 2013 at http mzj tongzhou gov cn MZJ InfoDetail InfoID b94473f4-e66c-493a-a065dd7a3e0c8703 CategoryNum 012006 Alternatively it may be a GSD Intelligence Department facility A possible CDAA is noted here 32 061947 120 947676 The Tangjiawan 唐家湾 unit may have previously carried a cover designation of 57332 Rao Liuquan 饶留权 commanded the section in the 2005 timeframe and was associated with the 57332 Unit in the late 1990s The work section may be on the eastern side of Qi’ao Island Among various sources see “记 61351 部队支持教育、关爱儿童的事迹――兆征纪念学校 ” Zhuhai Xiangzhou District government website August 5 2005 at http www zhxz gov cn zwgk xxgk_xzgz xxgk_xzgz_xzxw 200508 t20050805_17681 html 41 For reference to a Second Bureau presence in Sanya see “解放军 61398 部队信息处理与生活基地 ” Sanya Government Planning and Development website August 21 2013 at http www sanyaup gov cn jswz_view asp id 3596 and http www sanyaup gov cn jswz_view asp id 3597 Also see reference to a Zhuhai-based engineering consultant contract on the Sanya 61398 Unit office building 61398 部队三亚工作站办公综合楼 at http www zhzgj gov cn Web_Zqgs WxMessageList_Scdt aspx Page 134 For reference to a Third Department technical reconnaissance site on Hainan 总参三部三亚技侦阵地 see “2012 年海南省交通战 备完成的主要工作 ” Hainan Transportation Network February 5 2013 athttp www hainanjt gov cn zwgk ghjh ndgzjh 201302 t20130205_31628 html For reference to the Third Department Second Bureau Sanya Work Station see 项目审批结果 Sanya Government Affairs Service Center May 2 2012 at http webcache googleusercontent com search q cache 9PUoUx4fbEJ 59 50 43 235 17003 sofpro transData zwzx_bjqk_info jsp%3Fid%3D20120423184412 cd 1 hl en ct clnk gl tw The Sanya site may be assigned a cover designation of Unit 61522 Unit The Unit 61398 Information Receiving Base 信息接收基地 in Fenghuang township’s Maocun community 42 For reference to Fan Xianzhang 范宪章 as director of the Shanghai City Government 11th Office 市政 府第十一办公室 in 2009 see 屠杰大师捐赠老君神像一周年暨道观文化建设座谈会 Shanghai Taoism website March 12 2009 at http www shtaoism com news asp id 372 At least one address given for the 11th Office is 810 Yan’an Middle Road Unit 61789 shares the same address See http www 11467 com shanghai co 227530 htm 43 22 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 Major General Wang Guoxian 王国贤 b 1955 is cited in 2013 reporting as director of the GPD LD Shanghai Liaison Bureau and Shanghai City Seventh Office director He also is dual hatted as executive deputy director of the Shanghai Association of International Friendly Contact SAIFC For reference to Major General Wang as GPD LD Shanghai Bureau director see “徐汇区举办庆祝中国人民解放军建军 86 周年大会 ” Shanghai Shuangyong Network August 13 2013 at http www shmzj gov cn gb sy gzdt node18 u1ai437 html For reference to Wang as Shanghai City Seventh Office director see “’花开的声音——钱铃戈艺术作品展’在上海美术馆成功举办 ” September 16 2010 at http baiyaxuan com news show-228 html For reference to Wang Guoxian as SAIFC executive deputy director see “’微’语速递 ” United Daily Shanghai CPPCC at http shszx eastday com node2 node4810 node4851 qt u1ai57090 html For reporting that cites Wang as both SAIFC and Seventh Office see “花开的声音——钱铃戈艺术作品展”在上海美术馆成功举办 Baiyaxuan at http baiyaxuan com news show-228 html The Shanghai City Seventh Office address has been 81 Xingguo Road 上海市兴国路 81 号 However it appears to have moved into a new compound in Pudong in 2012 Details are available upon request 44 See Chen Donglong “PLA GPD Liaison Department” 解放军总政治部 Dongsen News Taiwan December 2000 at http www nownews com 2000 12 02 303-289746 htm 45 Lu Dilong 陆迪龙 is a deputy director of the Shanghai Association for International Friendly Contact SAIFC and Li Qiang 李强 is SAIFC secretary general Chen Qiutu Chan Chauto 陈秋途 b 1975 who is secretary of the China Energy Fund Committee CEFC Party Committee is an SAIFC deputy secretary general CEFC has emerged as a major Shanghai-based influence operations platform CEFC chairman Ye Jianming also served as SAIFC deputy secretary general in the 2005 timeframe Established in August 2000 Shanghai Center for RimPac Strategic and International Studies CPSIS 上海环太国际战略中心 is focused on a range of regional security issues The CPSIS Director is Guo Longlong 郭隆隆 Guo is also deputy director of the Shanghai Association of International Relations 上海国际关系学会副会长 and Shanghai Public Relations Academy 上海公共关系研究院 Its deputy director is Wang Xiaowei who was formerly dual-hatted as director of CAIFC’s Asia Department For an overview of the center see its website http www orientalstrategy com Gjzl asp 46 47The GSD Intelligence Department Shanghai Liaison Bureau probably carries a military unit cover designation of 61669 and is directed by Major General Zhou Rong 周荣 See “徐汇区举办庆祝中国人民 解放军建军 86 周年大会 ” Shanghai Shuangyong Network August 13 2013 at http www shmzj gov cn gb sy gzdt node18 u1ai437 html In the 2000 timeframe the Shanghai Bureau director MG Cai Shimin 蔡世民 b 1944 was dual hatted as director of the Shanghai City Government Fifth Office 上海市政府第五办公室 PO Box 上海静安区 040-052 信箱 Unit 61669 Political Department director is Huang Zhong 黄冲 who produced a PLA propaganda program in 2006 in partnership with the Shanghai branch of the Chinese Cultural Promotion Association See 八一之夜•军人之声 - 经典军乐八 一史诗音乐会 at http www shcmusic edu cn html zuzhi zhouxiaoyangejuzhongxin yanchuxinxi 59215792858 html Zhu Zhongyao 朱忠耀 is another political officer within the GSD Second Department Shanghai Bureau Liu Penghui 刘鹏辉 is ostensibly a former senior officer affiliated with the GSD bureau in Shanghai The unit has been headquartered at 15A Wukang Road Lane 280 武康路 280 弄 15 号甲 The Ministry of State Security’s Shanghai Bureau is probably the Shanghai City Government Fourth Office For example the director of the GSD Intelligence Department’s Shanghai Bureau is dual hatted as a SAISS deputy director A former GSD Third Department Second Bureau leader retired SCOL Lu Peng serves as another SAISS deputy director SCOL Zhou Jianping a senior officer from the Second Bureau’s First Office is dual hatted as a SAISS instructor and deputy director of the Shanghai Institute of International Strategic Studies 48 23 The PLA General Staff Department Third Department Second Bureau An Organizational Overview of Unit 61398 For reference to Second Bureau and 12th Bureau sharing resources see CrowdStrike Intelligence Report p 25 at http cdn0 vox-cdn com assets 4589853 crowdstrike-intelligence-report-putterpanda original pdf A Yan Yi 颜燚 probably served as 12th Bureau political commissar in the 2011 timeframe Worth noting is a Yan Yan 颜焱 who appears to have been political commissar of the Second Bureau Sixth Office 49 For reference to the Third Department S T Equipment Bureau Shanghai Representative Office 总参三 部科装局上海军代室 see “2005 年上海市双拥优抚工作情况 ” Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau website January 16 2006 at http www shmzj gov cn gb shmzj node8 node15 node58 node73 node102 userobject1ai4755 html As of 2012 the Third Department Shanghai Representative Office 总参三部上海军事代表室 was directed by Wang Jianzhong 王建忠 See http wldww huangpuqu sh cn wulidj static ddbrddb rddb 20120708 644 html The office may be known as the GSD Third Department East China Material Office 总参三部华东物资办事处 50 51The Third Bureau Third Office located in Shanghai’s Changning District carries an external designation of Unit 61587 52A construction company listed the Second Bureau as the contracting organization for construction of the Engineering Center’s six-story building The center is located at 200 Zhangjie Road in Shanghai’s Pudong District 张衡路 200 号 The same company also won the bid for construction of the Second Bureau’s new general headquarters building in 2007 See 报名单位及项目经理信息 undated http www czzbb net czzb YW_Info YW_ZiGeYS BaoMingInfo aspx YW_RowID 41726 BiaoDuanB H CZS20091202901 enterprise_id 70362377-3 As of March 2014 the center is directed by Wen Zhonghui 文仲慧 b 1955 a PLA officer with a division leader grade and rank of senior colonel See “Construction Completed on National Information Security Engineering Technology Center Website” 国 家信息安全工程技术中心网站完工 Beijing Lan Bo Synergy Technology Co Ltd 北京蓝博融智科技有限 公司 September 22 2008 at http www librich com news_view asp viewid 51 furthermore Beijing Guowei Xin’an Network Technology Company 北京国卫信安网络技术有限公司 works closely with Third Department First Bureau in supporting the project See “Yin Chuan-xi” 尹传喜 at http www ushi cn p 2991 and “Cooperation Partners ” China Cuslink Co Ltd 北京中海通科技有限公 司 at http www cuslink cn Partners aspx The facility may also be referred to as the National 863 Information Security Base 国家 863 信息安全基地 The Nanjing MR First Technical Reconnaissance Bureau Unit 95851 headquartered in Nanjing City oversees as many as eight subordinate offices The PLAAF Second TRB office in the Fengxian District Unit 95826 appears to have been previously located in Guangzhou and has a close relationship with the PLAAF Second TRB Sixth Office in Guangzhou 53 The Fourth Department elements are probably battalions subordinate to a brigade headquartered in Qinhuangdao Unit 61251 For reference to the GSD Fourth Department presence on Chongming see “我 参与、我快乐，为鸟儿营造一片优质栖息地”——崇明东滩保护区与解放军 61251 部队军民精神文明共建 Wetlands China September 12 2012 at http www shidi org sf_87EE4FA13F15419685C14D25898DD0A3_151_cmdt html For reference to the Fourth Department presence in Nicheng Township see “文化双拥唱响军民鱼水情 ” Nicheng Township Party Building website November 1 2012 at http www nichengdj gov cn html ArticleShow4401 aspx 54 For background on dual leadership 双重领导 and vertical horizontal relations tiao kuai guanxi 条块 关系 see Kenneth Lieberthal Governing China From Revolution Through Reform New York W W Norton 2004 pp 186-188 55 24