_ · · - L- No Objection To Declas ifi£Clt On 200 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 RliQW HIM RI ms REVIEW 12-18 May 1978 swmroo -- Tdals Saviet diSsident YUriy Orlw ws canvic ted an 18 May of Dfli aati-Sov l et· activity'' and received tlie Mrian smtmce of SGWD yeas in a Soviet labor c aap with an additicul five years of intemal Ue Cc lxvictian W S a forega1e cam l usicm but farce evm by Soviet standards Access to the ope to tla t 1publ lc was limited to handpicbd pemlaurs Jbdni Sakharov and his wi£e were the last day of the trial after scuffling with tbe proceeclings wre a court11Xllll supposedly 1GB plajnscl otheSJ Ifl1 aDd teqM rarily detained em policf DRD tihile trying to gain access to the c aurt bnUd1ng Amng Orlov's supporters cmly his wife and t1IJO sans W1'8 allowed to attena and they were subjected to h arasslaeat aud jndi pities Orlcnr ws allawed m malce statements in his atm defepse but was prfMilteci fral csllia ctafaa se witnesses was intemJpted frequmtly by the presictiq judge and was ridiculed by the audience The prosecution focused its case GD Orlov' s diss•ination of allegedly fabricated and slanderaus iafolwtiJ JD abaut the Soviet tmion to foreign c arrespandents and litstem ml'P Iies No JDeDtiaL was made of Orlov' s leadership of the ''Helsbiki Graup and be 1V8 S prohibited by the judge frau doing so when spa kiDI 011 his beha l f' 25X1 RP-M-78-10229 19 Mly 1978 25X1 State Dept review completed No Objection To Declassification 2008104 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 • -·•a-- •- No Objection To DeclasSific8'tiOn2'0c a 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 MJl'IUNN • • lewtda lla in a related cue 1M of Orlov's Georg1ao associates Zv lad 81111 Marab ICostava have confessed to sillllar criJaes in a 'lbillli Soviet accounts mdicate that this trial is also opeD to the public IDd that tbe defeadants are represented by mDJel but die proceecfings are probably beiDa caaducted in a 118111ler silrilar m Orlcw trial 1be Georgians' omtacts with the us Bablssy an4 with JaericaD reporters have received atteilticm rna the proaacutica in this case u Soviet heavy-htmif edness in those trials and willingness to im- plicata tha US Govmlmmt is al leged subversicm is a stl'allg indication of tbe reaDB's disPleasure and uaeasilless with the dissid D t RM IDimt ad interiadCDtl q port for it QH1IDBN1'IAL J3ASl'BRt liJlD J3 -- PoJerl Polish dissidents carriec1 the stl'Ug le for greater cultur al fi'iiiliiii step further at the 20th Ccmgre'ss of the Polish Writers tldaa at JIDlth DisOJSsions at the cangress were JDOTe frank and tbD criticism or amsorship sharper thm at any such meeting in recmt years 'lbe high point Gl8e 14lell the nanallfcmi Lst writer aod poet Andrzej Br8UI1 drew· applause for accusing the regilae' s censors of threatening the t auo try•s Qill Ural life When Bt'8lm was later c riticized by regime spo'neaM Dell'ly cme third of the delegates left the hall even the DO'DBlly pl iallt president of the Writer tmi Cil Ja roslaw Iwaszld ewicz bad critical wox ds for both censorship and far the criticism of Braun which be called ''interference in the union's internal affairs Pour actiwly d lssi clmt writers were elected two of them were in fact reelected to the WOI11 S main board These four along tr irth other elected s wUl give the board a IIUCh less caoformist c harac ter · The cul CCJI '1Dity bas been increasingly fearful of a tightening of OXttrols 'lhe heated exchanges at the writers' cangress ware evidmce that Polish writers WIID tecl to dalatstrate that they would strmgly re ist · flll1 IUCh tallher CCDtrols The rel axaticm of c msorship has been aa ·of the dislidellts' kay d Js for years but they have until now 2 - No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 • r'Uof l«JRlRN lackad an o r pntzat i cm that cauld lobby for cbanae fral w t thin the Cliaidmts hid c raated 1llega1 ir atioas and jmmuals whlc h tMusb toleratecl by tbe regime were wlDenble Because tbe Writers tl1ioll ay now tab up their cause the dissidalts · s - to scm ed an illportant victory CXHliDBNTIAL 5 'S'tal The Mibiy M@l1RN lJll a -- Labor 'Ihe Brussels-based World Cmfeclaratim a gr mrn n tiO It charges that the USSR In its alleged crack· OrpaizatiaD in Geaeva doNn Cll n a t ing to form trade un lcms not under regia control has violated tile liD's two c cuventiCilS em wrkers' free a of association t to ·orpa t ze The Soviets haw ratified both COIMI1tians nspectd vely in 1948 1949 The vw board of the Intematimal Ccmfederation of Pree Trade oucm ·CXIIMIJ8Cl Qll 17 May in Hadn1rg to ider filing laints ap iast thl USSR ral Polaod 1be issue mashes well with· the ICFIU' s tndl'd al purposes ard its c hief spokesman has alread y expressed CQIC8m that tbe Soviet labor dissidmts have been ilpi saned or placed in psychiatric hospitals 'lbe c aupl alnt against Poland cites its · cletmtion of three leaders of the act lcll caaittee seeldng to form an iDd8peadent 1 rada uoicm 1he lCL aid the lllcely ICP'IU aJII laints plus the c cntinued wide publid ty the issue will have a substantial negative e ffet t em the once ·pradamg Soviet bid for broader higher-level East-West labor ccata ts mF -- 'Die NetliUlliDds In a highly unusual but popular decision a Dutch court iiCiiitly biiiiied the Netherlands People •s t1nicm NW • The saaU ri pt-wi Ji ex 1 1Sist party was described by the court as dangerous bozderiq em the cnainaJ 8D4l in amflict with accepted standards of public onJer a mrality S1Dce last year the NVU has called for a ''prosperoUs and lddte eDl bas a4voc ated the retum of Sauth 1t »luccans black A1ltillesns • aud foreign workers to their ccuntries of origin li1own for Jmll P' No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 u nr 1 1 1 la lQIQIJf their acceptaa of 'Widely divergent political views the Dutch have baaned oal y tmee parties siDce 1894 1he racist neo-Nazi tactics and policies Of @e NVU however appanotly exceeded even the Netherlands' liberal S' Wdartls of political tolerance mPJpBNl'IAL -- Malta Prime Minister Mintoff's increasing sensitivity to politic lil altid • has appan11t1y praupted him to take actians 1llhicb Uld t fTttec 1ca of expre siCil in Malta 4islation he introduced in tie Mal'tllle parliaaat is described by 501118 joumalists as hav iDa an iDtiPidadq effect As presently drawn the legislation c a1lS ior lepl pmJIIrc•it Qf such actions as spreacUng false news alarming public qtlaiiOD or insulting the President This is only the latest in a of mves l1ih1 ch appear aimed at increasing tbe hold of Mintoff's Labor Party Cll Maltese political life Matives behind Mintoff' s teamt IIIDV8I l ft Win tba subject of specul atiGl but their implicaticm for lUIIIn rfP ts in the COIBltry are clear OHIDENTIAL LATIN AMBRICA Intematicmal criticisa of the lack of 1UIIIJl rights two previously doc ile interest groups the labor unicxur ad tbll naticmal bar associatim to press for ajor r bnr x ratic Rfoms -- in Paraguay Idened Ql 1 May the Paraguayan Ubor amfederation 81'Q101mcecl that it was a cc 1 t ttee to defEIId the eanncaic· riRbts of workers in several key areas iacl udlng collective barga l nipg mltunn wap agreaii•tts and the provis tal of social security and health benefits 'lbe c cmfecleration had p r8yiausly been ua pr the amtrol of the Labor Minister but its new leaders were elected last February en a platfcmn call ing for greater iudepeod The lMDifesta· was publicized witllout the approval of the Labor ·Min i star More 'ftiCAiltly the Parag18Yim Bar Associatim bas i Jsued a state Blt callinl for tha establislaent of an indapendmt judiciary c a11p0sed of lalest aad capable j ldps appointed mly en the basis of merit · - 4 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 --- No Objection To Declassification _2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 taaw A1tl1cJuah d raftec1 in Ddld language it asserts that ''Paraguayan lawyers look with bittemess at the privileges enjoyacl by their colleagues in other c am So far tie govar mt JiaS d1osen to ignare both the wrkers and the lf eitUr J1'UUP presses its cause vigorously Ptesidmt Stmescner ca be expected to crack dawn in his usual arbitrary I Wia•r-clailliD the Utence of a leftist subversive plot and tins several arrasts Last wet CCJ111aiting an the death of folmer Italian Premier Al do Moro Stxoesmer wamed that there should nat be my kind of dealing with ar regard for Cca m ists They answer with JIIJider and then cJaim ri ghQJ for tbsmselves He also said 'tQt tbe same is true of ts in geoeral CXlNPDBID AL la Qers - Bxcapt 111- transitory issues divert public attea tion test betwem the Scmioza govermaent and its oppatents is cantered an tbe qqestion of SaiJ za' s early departure fran office perhaps U1l eSSlvable issue is critical to the inaupratian of a naticml dialogue and a DkMIIIflllt tcJward democratic c hange 'Ibis The DIX1erate oppositicm leaders in Nicaragua refuse to join in a with Sclaoza 8V1Il though most of them recognize privately that it offers the best hope of peaceful transition toward dn cratic reforms 'lbly-also n t ize that refusal of the maderates to take the initiative will by llt play into the hmil of the violence-prtGe raciic als n oppositialll grcups are united prlmarily by theiT CCPII'IJ cause apiast aud Tlistl'ust of Sca za Many within the oppositicm enjoy their new cJc wstic prestige and intemational respectability and 1«JU1d rather ride tbe crest of an UDpl'edictable waw than risk being taken in again by the Preridmt Most S Oza believe that·before any progress toward a dialogue ca b e Dllde the Presi d Ent a mt agree to leave office before his term ires ia 1981 Part of the reascm far this stsnd is tbe oppcJfitian1 s ic i m that Somoza will if given time opt-maneuver tW Thay beiieva that 1981 could bring a new administration to 'Wasb tngtcm ere syaptbetic to ScDJza No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 • • # UAU' li R RN Scaaza bas the tE Ad assador that he might o asidar hohUDI an early el ec tiaD but that he will not step dawn before his teJ1I expires He has no respect for Jllellhers of the oppositicm SDd prof es deep reservaticm s about tbei r campeteoce to govem Al fl n tah ScBiza continues to assert his willingness to eogage in a dia to ue hi ccmfidslt that tho wrst of the political crisis has pasNd and that he can last for the twainder of his tena By treating his opsnwt ts with restraint and making occasicmal ccmcessicms Sca»za hopes points with US ad other foreign critics self-righteously acawe the cwpporitian of intransigeace 8lld still postpc t the COIIIIlitmmt to d•w- rat k c haDge that a dialogue mtail to_ d FAR BASt 'l1le Goveru Blt is sensitive to Bangladeslli efforts toCTijJi t Bumese enforcemant of iDIDigraticn laws in am •s ArabD state alq the Blmgladesh border as a massive bniDRJ'I rights violdicm b l1ul ase exercise whicll began in March has prtlll tecl the of e thin 100 ooo etbnic Bangladeshi Muslims fraa Arabn into Bana'tdesb Baugl acJesbi officials 8Dd the Dacca press have been playing up mfugees • stories of m l streat m llt by the Burmese 81'Dlf Rauaoaa a t 1 that the opcm1ticm in Arakan is part of a natiCDdde c hec k of citiiaasldp c redantial s m1 that thoSe who' fled were in amua iJ lepl ly There has lang been a drift of Bangladeshis across the • bol iSr into UDiile1'pgpulatec1 Aralam mere Muslims most of BEmga1i orig la CCIIIfl'iA up to 40t of the state• s papul aticn Ra1gocll sees illepl timl fraa Bangladesh as adding to existing Musl bll disaffectioa sep ratist tt'ends in the raaote state ShJce tbe 'AI seldm permit foreign observers to travel outside the A1 abm ··state capital--a policy in line with travel restrlcti ms e ia tbe CCULtry·-tbere is no independen t ccmfixatiCil of refugee al legatials of brutalities Given the ingrajned ccmtlq of the ckwdJUI'lt Burals for tlla c aua try' s ethnic m inorities howaver • it ·is l ibly that BurJae em officers have at least been high-banded in their t of residatc y regulaticms mPIDBNl'IAL No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 ' No Objection To Decl assification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 €mfiDBNTIAL lOUtN ' ·oaft lore '11ut electiCil on 18 May of the 2 583 IIEidJers of the Nat liidl for lln Jflc aticll--tbe elec tol'8l body that will al laost c ertam1y reelect Presidmt Pak far another six-year tma later this yea r- carried out in a calm atiii Jspbere IOV81 JJIIBlt opponents had Ued fbt a boycott of the voting but the 78 8 pel'Cent 1 U 'DOIIt indicates tlat tat l'orealls at least acquiesce in the IU'thorita rian style of fMI W rt Plk intTodlx ed with the Yusbin CCilStituticm in 191% The poUtical c alll this year can be attributed in part to Seoul's success in CGiltrollJDg its critics The Pat goverJJIISlt hawlrnr has also t alala posit lva steps to drer pd lic support South I 'area's drautic ecmomc grawtJa in particular bas l8l18l' ted a new seDSe of natimal self·amf Por the •jority of South IC'oreans curbs em political freedaas are t1uJ not a c cqJell lng issue mPI DEm'IAL APR CA · South Mric a In a iPve designed to quell the pJblic ·outcry about ·'VIIl'iiiii iijiiCti Of the Steve Biko case Minister of Justice ·a PoliA a J lmger has nAiled two reti-red jurists to safeguard the walfaze of ·those deta inaci in South African jails under the Terrorisa Act In of this year Kruger said tbat he would appoint in each prov iace a nt1red perscm with legal axperimce to act in this capad t y 8Dd is 8R fdltly making good on his praaise lrupr also fW DCIIQCed that he bas directecl the use of leg-il'ans and b'ldc'Jffs to be restricted doctors to be called in as SOCI1 as a deta 1nee sa- 11 sip of IJJM•s and the transfer of sick 'pri salers fmD me d t1 to to be prabibitecl Xruger made his stateaants in response · · to ae•i''DI by IISIIbers of the oppositian in Parliament during the current budgwt CD11IDBNTIAL -· President Byadema who is increasingly -noyed with mi1aor rel alous sects ba s bauned all organi'ed religious faiths except Raam Catllolicim Isl• African Asseli»lies of God the Genan-in'trodlred Protestant Omrch aDd the Baptist and the Seventh Day A lnntists Cburches - 1 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0 U ftl' J UCN 1 uu tllPClW In a rec t speech at the National CouncU 11118tlng Byadema said tbat Togolese uati ll ll qaity was still a fledging creature and tbat tbe t had heeD troubled by the unwillingness of so of the - ner sects to aa ept and defer to state and party symbols llyJ ns 4ty pointed to the Jebavah' s Witnesses 'lbere is also spe U atiGI that ieaders of the •jor organized religicm in Togo bad '•bled to tbe poxs rt about tbe proliferaticm of self-styled auist im dlariaatic aDd evangelical sects scae of 'Which· are appumtly l ecl by UIUK nlpU1 ous indivicbaaJ s CCH1IDBNTIAL Presidet Sekou Toure has granted aDlfiSty to a secood llllllY of tbllll in another major anre t awaxd rec onciliaticll following antiregime riots last fall 'Ibe rel co'b lddecl with the 31st anniversary of the Gu ineal1 Denraatic Party Others will be freed in the Dear future' probably including the Catholic Archbishop of C laakry• Raymond Tchicli dlo whose medea has bela tbe djct Of proti'acted negotiatims with the Vatican 't hraugh Liberian m mPmBNTIAL Ia rae CiF'POlitical prismers CXJmJPNI'IAL mmm No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-3-0