r • - ··r••• - ''• r•fl 'l' •• c l rDP'r No Objection To Declassifi P l_ OOB 04 30 NLCM31-39M2-7-6 --- CBm'RAL INI'ELLIGENCE AG'EJC'i NATIONAL FOREIGN A SSESSttENr CENTER IDiAN RIGHI'S REVlEW 1 22 JUne 1978 SOVIET UNICN -- Trials Jewish refuseniks Vladimir Slepak and Ida Nudel both of 'Whan were arrested earlier this DDlth on charges of malicious hooliganism were convicted in separate Moscow trials an 21 Jme Slepak a radio electronics engin eer and member of the unofficial CSCE lGUtoring G 'Who first applied to emigrate in 1970 is the dean of the Moscow refuSenik CDIIIJI'ti ty He was sentenced to five yean of internal exile Nudel an econanist seeking to leave since 1971 received a sentence of four years of internal exile The sentences less severe than the five-year laboT camp teTm t hat is the maximum penalty under the charge of ''malicious hooliganism will probably be served in Siberia US Embassy officers have in recent years been denied permission to attend dissident trials Close family members are nomally admitted but no Soviet friends or relatives were admitted to either of thesa naninal ly open trials In the case of Slepak however t appears that the members of his immediate family did not seek admission Slepak' s wife also charged with hooliganism is in the hospital and reportedly will be tried later Slepak' s son is in hiding to avoid military service Thia pvliZ ioation is a compit ation of ttttti ol ss pztepaNd by tM geographical divisions of ths Offios of Rsgiona1 and Potiti ca'L Analysis InqU i Plss may be di zeeatsd to ths ProdutJtion Staf 25X1 I RP-M-78-10262 23 Jt me 1978 25X1 State Dept review com leted SECRET No Objection To Declassificationiooa 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 -r· •··· t •• · Ill' _ - - ·· - - No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 --· l« FO tJ The trials took pl e at a tilDe whEil regime policy toward refuseniks is bardeni Di In spite of an averall increase in Jewish emigration this year those previously c1enied exit permits are having more difficulty than in put years 'Ih e regime is apparently detemhled to convey the D141M e that t he pJblicity generated by the highly visible and activist refuHDfks am only lm t them mFIDBNl'IAL F ASTBRN·BJRC8 - • Czeclhoslovakia Dissident leaders are showing high mral e and are det eril'liiil -to cwthme 1 hrir 'WO'rlt despite inc ftesed -pctlioe according to an assessment by the US Bobassy in Prague •••••at In a st rategy sessiat last week dissident leaders reversed an earlier decision and decided to issue in August a ccmdemnaticm of the Soviet-led invasion af Czechoslovakia in 1968 They are now circulating a doalllent criticizing Soviet President Brezbnev's recent visit to Czechoslovakia A new ct ter of dissident activism has developed in the provincial city of Bmo under the leadership of the new8st Charter 77 spokesman Jaroslav Sabata There are about 70 Chartists in the Bmo area incluiing several priests who have b spreadblg Charter-related ideas from the pulllpit All but three of the more than 60 dissidents picked up by police in late May· before Brezbnev's visit·-have been released Two detainees haw been charged with incitement apparently for circulating an un ap proved manuscript and fac e possible jail sentences of £rem six mcnths to three years 1b e charges against the third man a Catholic priest frau Bmo are not lcnclm CONFIDENTIAL 25X1 25X1 -- I£slavia MUovan Djilas the 67-year-old archc ritic of authoritar CCiririimism is la unclrlng a drive to Tenew Western pressures on Tito t o human rights in Yugoslavia Last week Djilas told I I I Jthat he is tryipg to mediate differences between 10 Croat nati tellectuals who were imprisoned in 1971 and released in an amnesty last fall and their Serb counterparts He ted the news of his new activities to be published this week during the 11th party congress in Belgrade 'lbe nature sud tim fng of Dj ilas' challenge suggests that he is to provoke repressive CO mtennea sures Dj Uas' abst ract philosophical iDa - 2 SECRET W' tr nt T No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 1' • i • ·I· · --'T 'I' ' · ·• • I '• t • ' -- ·- - - - No Objection To Declassifi tio l OOB 04 30 NLC-31-3g 2-7-8 N RJRN attacks ll Ctmn111ism even attacks en Yugoslav leaders by name have been tolerated in the p8$t because Djilas has usually cast his activities as a private personal crusade In seeking ties to etlmi nationalists however he leDds his substantial prestige m the West to their cause and violates the minimal noms af conduct required by the Tegime Even the DIOderatea around Tito·- o have argued that Djilas is best handled by iporina hia·-may decide that stemer measures are needed DjiW ' goal appanmtly is to put into perspective Belgrade's recent· a to improve its image on human rights without making suba-tial es in the CCJDIDist system The autltorities recently tllawed cdltt- cl dtniclGrt wri eft ·M thajlo Mihajlov tG leave for a lecture tour of the US The amesty of 218 political prisoners last Novedler also ed to diminish foreign pressure on the issue of huDan rights in Yuplavia Dj ilas mw lang He applied last week calc ulatinl tnat the Westem c oncem over asserted that the regime is denying him a passport for permission to leave the country undoubtedly request will be refused and that this will renew h1Dan rights in Yugoslavia CXMID -- Poland The dissident Movement for the Defense of HlJIIan and Civil may be adopting a mare cod lative attitude toward the regime At least three of the four recently-elected memberS to the editorial board of gpinia RJOI' s lOOUthpiece would apparently favor talc ing more aggressl ve actions they have not indicated hCMever what specific steps they have in mind A source close to the dissidents told a US Embassy officer that one of the founders of the DDVeiDellt Leszek Moczulsld was recattly removed fraa the board partly because he was accused of not adequately challenging the regime According to one spokesman RlJQf is currently ttying to broaden its base and establish contacts with rank-and-file -working peQple In add itiim twa lawyers sympathetic to RUCi are searching £01' a legal basiS fo-r e llshing a tr union of independent writers and publishers Fbr nearly two years the dissidents have been an the offensive and The mo-re lldl itant the dissidentS'biC'Ciiie however the more likely the regime is to take stronger countermeasures Past efforts by dissidents to establish c c lltacts with wo rkers have ·enc ountel'ed lack of interest OONFIDENTIAL have wm de faetp concessions from the regime WBSI'BRN BlROPB - B -USSR 'Ihe recent sentencing of dissident Soviet physicist Yu riy Orlov hiS prcnpted protests fran several quarters of the European - 3 - SECRET l n'R1QN No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-8 • • t • I ·--- · '-' ll f' ' fft 4 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 mFORN scientific ca111ntd ty Nlich normally carries on a wide of regular scientific exchanges with the Soviets Individual protes and debates withln various national science institutes em the issue of future cooperation with the Soviets appear en tbe increase but no cmc erted general react1011 c a the part of European scientists seeiiS to be developing The Orlov trW will lrJwever further increase the sensitivity of Europeau ·scientists to the plight of their dissident Soviet colleagues Saae scientists have already organized various c cmnittees in defense of the Soviet dissidents Fr dl a tiats appeer tD he takl»i t be lead in this re ard Numerous pro-Orlov petitialS and protests haw collected lumdreds of signatures 'f hrcruahout France's scientific establishment The Orlov case has also resulted in tllDel OUS cancellations by the Ftalch of scientific exchanies and other contacts with the Soviets The head of the French fation to the c om lng meeting of the Freru h·Soviet Scientific Cooperation tt ee recently served notice that he would not attend for nat· scientific reeson s Scientists fran other lhn'opean countries are also prqtesting · althouih in a more limited·way German Dutch and Danish scientists are emphasizing i nd ividual initiatives nth only limited official involvanent of national scientific instituticms In sane cases debates about the propriety of scientific organizatiatS becoming mvolved in political issues has d aql8ned mstitutianal zeal None of the protest activities are being publicly bac l ed by the respective West lhn'opean govemaents c xH'IIllM'IAL MTDDI B BAST -- Israel Significant rrumbers of Israeli Muslim Arabs will be allONed to iiiili the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca thiS October according to Is raeli officials Sane Israeli Muslims were permitted to make the Hajj·-an illportant aspect of the Muslim faith--last year after Saudi Arabia agree4 to allow the pilgrims to use their Israeli passports with · special s Owing to bureaucratic delays however less than 10 actually arrived in Mecca Israeli officials est imate that this year as many as 10 000 Israeli Arabs will make the Hajj The Israeli Finance MiniStry is planning to make about $20 millicm available to help f inmce the pilgr bups according to press accounts UNCLASSIFIUD - 4- SECRET ln D T No Objection J o Declassification 2008 04130 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 •• I • • 'l I • io• _ • No Objectio - · ·· · r -t•• 'I · • • 'RJf ' ·- To Declassifica ' £1 9 9 8 04 30 NLC-31 39-2-7-6 LATlN AMERICA -- Guatemala Fernando •Rcaeo Lucas 'Will be ted as President of Guateaiila an 1 July Lucas evidently hopes for good relaticms with the United States--he believes he has little altemative--but he probably believes tb is depends more on Washingtcm than m Guatemala Caapared to outgoing Presi m t Laugerud Lucas may -well differ more frequently and more·stronely with the US on such issues as human rights arms sales and Belize · Lucas is above all a product of the GuateDial an military system He 'caD bo eJPJCted ·to - ke his Mt decisions and broci llttlAI 4is•persrt A mau of ·l iaited flexibility and perspective he is not well infonoecl on foreign affairs and his political skills aTe largely untried Guatelllal an rightists including many members of the military high caJID8nd approve of Lucas' succession to the presidency but are dlaracteri stically nervous about some of the leftists who may win posts in the new administration Radicel opposition groups 'Which are expected to test Lucas• early will probably find him more willing to take fim countex measures in the process he is Ubly to be less sensitive than Laugerud to US h1 1D811 rights conc ems SBQml' N PORN -- Nicar The Saooza government has bltmted the latest opposition the arrest warrants against the oppositianist Group maneuver bY revo of Twelve and publicly declaring that the members are free to return frail exile The government would have been obligated to arrest the Twelve had they ret1mleci overtly which l«luld have p vided the apposition JIKMIIIellt with a baclly needed cause celebre The Twelve may yet stir up trouble- though not so DU h as their iriiiJeCii ate arrest would have generated-but tbe gOV'eX'JDDSlt has increased its flexibility in handling whatever repercussian s may develop COO IDENI'IAL MIA - - Ddoaesia Ambassador Masters ·has made a cautiously optimistic rights situation in Indonesia Some observers in Jalaarta have doubted the govet lllMMlt' s ability to follow up its release of lo ·ooo political detainees last year with the freeing of an additional 10 000 this year and an equal nuaber in 1979 They have based their pessindsm oo tbe low tolerance of Indonesian society for controversy and asse$$81 s - SECREr '-I' I'CnDU No Objection To Declas ification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39 2 7 ·1 ·r - - U• t · ·t-t -- - No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 · tllRlRN the reported 11ll'8PEtlnt attitude of uaany of the detainees Ncmetheless the Aiubassador believei 1ibat the openness and apparent suq essful canduct of the first major batch 'o f releases indicate a genuine ccmnitment by the iCMm11JM at to go thrciJgh with the progrs Moreover the International Cmnission of the Reel Cross has re511Ded its inspections of detention facili ties UIJd er Dl 71 8 apm and satisfactory amditions than ever before augu ti ng wall for those still awaiting release Ambassador Masten n otos however that foreisn pressure to continue the release program is stUl JlllC b strcllier than dcaestic pressure CXJiFIDENilAL Sierra Leone President Siaka Stevens has cleared the institutional hurdles to tlii fOiiilil iqlositicn of his lcmg-held goal of aneMparty rule A law approv il g a new one-party constitution passed by Parliament Ql 26 May was ratified this Dmth in a national referendlml in which there were ently SOllie voting irregularities The announced vote was Z lS2 460 in favor of the new constitution and 63 132 opposed The total populfl Cil of Sierra Leone is estimated at 3 1 million Stevens has already opened Parliament under the terms of the new constitution whi ch gives him as Executive President an additional two years in office Contrary to widespread rumors Stevens had not made a deal with the opposition to put coe of its leaders into one of the two vice presidential slots He retained his two top men Vice President Koroma was sworn in as First Vice President and Prime Minister Camara· Taylor·-llhose ·positicn was abolished under the new constitution--was made Second Vice President COOPIDENTIAL Namibia The South African Admini stTator General for Namibia has t voter regi stratian will begin next Monday and continue far three DIDilths The registraticn is for an election to select a Namibian can stituent assaly it is to be ccmducteci by the South African authorities in Namibia in accordance with a detailed plan the Administrator General publislwd last week · The Western meabet-s of the UN Security Council have Tepe tedly wa r ned South Africa that cond ucting voter registration unUatenl ly will ccaplic ate efforts to ga ln internatiCI'lal acceptance of the· Western settlt'llallt proposal tbat South Africa accepted last April The Westem proposal stipulates that voter -registration is to be ted with the participation of a UN special representative to be appointed after the Security Council accepts the settlement proposal - 6 - SECRET YW' ' Yiftl f No Objection To Declassjfication 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 - t••• - --- I 0 t'• f r o'i - 1 No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6 MlFORN The South Africans however have arguscl that it will n8cessarily take several JIQlth$ to c anplete an initial registration of Nfmdbia's adult ation and that an initial roll of eligible voters' can be revised after a W repntSentative arrives The Atbinistrator General's latest mmotmC811erit stressed the importance of ccmpleting the balloting before tbe rainy season basins in December CMIDFNI'IAL • 1- SECRET _ No Objection To Declassification 2008 04 30 NLC-31-39-2-7-6