eP IEl•Et W 1llftlOOJalL t OOlOOll 7t7 wOOGJ VIEW ' lf GJCBC lt5 IAJ U t Li tiiCD ChCi G L '• ' WHAT'S RONG WITH AG-22 lATS • Oin1el R Connell 7 ' 1111 •••n•• •••• urrs oaa111n·e• a u rmar TOPIIMII Declassified and Approved f or Release by NSA on 03-19-2021 pursuant to E O 13526 MOR Case #109433 I Non - Respons i ve W lr'• In dt11 WJIONO WITH AG-i-iij Tra - Dan1el1L nnell C7 llatelt iae o al C1'FP701 0C tt rintod - Nt lo Mae ' r 1111 Ao-nllAfS •• by e«JI Pmllipa CM- wlild IJ flht 1 it»llf IIJ C- J ll RJ C Oror p Jl•eMM r - lttlctStlon IMleriaJ Jtol tro 7 A Jtl er Octollf Ir $ lh PAllriJt t' -1t r _ i S t t fo_rt-m n r 6' hnltl R Cont1oll •Alcl I• d Vol 3 N _ II IUtJD ol C-UNIIU ancl • eiltf PfmrodJJ16 - elu - «tti i • iOII o1 £tfitar 1Ja1 1d J ritllaiM £d ma- '---------------- - __---' t1Mt 1 1 WNDI with AG• 22 IA1Sf PleittJ' 1£ one accepu tho thesU tch'ttl'lte4 by Mr l'hl Ups ihat the O'lll put of A G-2Z IATS i n t t i• ln• ferior to that prevLcusly d6r1' ed fro nuuy p lpnww r-epqr tnui saiued to Nil Tllo adYCat of AG-22 cop ftd 1- for- vardlna IOllf la proveiu nt 11IU Ough tfte uality of tho fiu l outpu llt MSA chanpd little Ropuforat-4 tapo oa rora altMugh cawicd br di f'erent cquipa t 11 ro nov cou unded by those resul tif 1 fnm fault ' or r dirty stRAIIHAr paper eopo readers Chem• o Jattor- cu c11rred ht a over tPll S ' 111ore uswill ' so bad that ontho a$1llsdons vero dono of 1110 lUalitr tl' ltElc recelWtd at NSA in rq apiniOl'I pmalt y rom ned tho - U l• OWC 1 - rt11SAatel1 thU ls stlll true for tho$ 1r 1terl•l • cop S on t G 22 posttioa and fornn2· 44 v l STRAWHAT n o field ttation• o -ratin1 l n this ofthaie aodo ot th• pns ont LimD hcJw ovin- trfl few in MabeT 1 11 the 1•1' tt Jltc copy and fon ard via lbo lnprovecl M -22 I do not T ftJ of -«r Phillips' r«GamNda• Tcmlnal Sy1te11 - - IATS d6M t4tt ftW l fl ell• ' 'u u of AJ P • PPU doos He goad ones• but not beca ase tlle 1lWI I lty t ATS brou b'L con Uerable cbanga 1'h• • · of AG-22 IATS data is infCTlor I 11111ntatn that torb l copied by the opetatol' is _ implam aod 1 ho overall qllSllty of AG-22 JATS data b hotter on upatlc tupc handled da floJd euputor than cn or IIJld that othor tons of l1frovotm1t utd tr•nmued to NSA tn 1ft enor-detKt101I not CODf lOllecl by Nr Phillips an fa r aoN ltOdo Unlon Pch t-ran sittlld blt b properly crltlcal to src tcr utl llty of HF Horso l'ocoivod NSA vU not octept When ono epeals 11f cuefully prepuetcl r oports n is contcmtlon• that cont ar to OT• bolng sore l'ctUAblo thin Hhtlng data one U in cplnlont exproasod durlNI pU1111lnS SOS• 1 1ho11ld not tanoro tho t c t tllllt Nll la 1 1rt11ar•a ion is one thln1· 111111 l'ildlo t nma• IHton b anothDI' Ola c d tate tho actual c cssaso filed with tho target couunicatlons cmtor 11 nd sl S lflih A • ' a and · tho QoaUW of ffP Morse intorceptod on I ATS pof1tl Otls ud tt Dsaltucl via• that 11 stoa ls hotter than evor bet o o Holdini that oplnlon I thti-otou db1lvcn hits clurln nanmlsslon l'ceclvo • • •lH ell t 11ou hts that copy procodv es as vo col'Nptecl ten a t th T cehinE end The sendn koOII thcai toclay aro tbo cause of 'fl oOr quality 1111 kos ahtakes al so text I au poet that sucb chaY10• aanat• frD 111hen 1poalln1 of pro-AC-22 IAff hJstor I venous ttml rf of classic u ptanal al1 '4leT6 the TcaUty • • a ftCSUM prop1tred tt'CIZl l'lard porroct copy fl'DII 11t le st tllO sources le TO• copy dopi tlns whit tho lntorcept opO'l'et ot qui rcd •bf Utopilll 1 11 'ffleso HDO comon heard 1htn tho cln• was put on S•loval aho o a '4 ossaie' p llloso1hY ldlorobr the pap upo •'Q4 ir11nwtto olcctrtca111 to espllJSit of lntorcapt is placed on pn -les via ei thCl' OP SOONN' or CRJTla»t chmnol• lltld toxt callups and intervcmlna cutter bo BOlh fu1'EI$ of icuiOfts are subject to han1ed 11tc s9 ric c orruptlo not to ment lon tho fact lhat fvt ehh•r propantlon or transJ vcm lf poor quality woro true t «nild • inion ruaons t ho US t of rq nforatctd tape not subscribe t o NI Phillips• sus est l on can ily bee - lt Oft Lvaie nlpUIU't t h D t tho t ors provldo more bgS oa their 'Mtb• ln act hap C210d and tho word ''prblco intercept Moreover• uklna 1hea lO formt applied to tran 11 ltted uterial H a s Uy as msgi15NT1t1 _ H d d to that ntOl'C cptcd by tho opor tor Hsy 76 • Cl 'Pffll OG • Page 7 88flflllfMlatli 11u 111 n ttmm nanm s mr x ·-·•·-- • flliiL IOtili• EO 3 3b 3 PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 •r 1De1saa•• mon 'Ulan thvy do tod ly taplify copy procodurl s h no way to It b flOt 11 copy that bolher l an lnt • c t o entor He or rho ls trainod to copy eu ctJy_ i4tat 1$ heard u it ts hn1'd otter W'ldor try Ina d ltSUJ s b -d 111Dtphc rics t'Uio lntol'fOl'onco • veu tntnsmittat orntlc koyint or J1i111 tryins to k p up 1d h ono or the futest hllnds lft tho n t llhat conpUcates llfo tor an o et-rator -and whit cmusoa t o 111jority ol copy ctn Ors -- h anytbln1 that I nterrupts tho almo5t subcOfl cious flew of lntcTCcpt an nctulriment for additional thousJ t or function vhilo int ef'-o ccpt is undc y i t Mr Phillip 1uc1oiu 01 reiacdy to poor quality would in a op1nton result ln far lcS5 qutllty I IUI coapclll d to ai n ton that this view ns p tlUIOunt durin1 I he first tll'O Gcmorali cd AG-2 Proces• 1na S ttem GAP$ coitfeff Ko• held 11 1D73 and 1974 Frca tho Held' po1nt 6£ vle 1 uging piocedurcs wrc about as popular P a full• di-eu - vlett on S4i lda ' r omlft oi Cffilf do lhey CO qllie to an opontor't tttlo they ad· vertolY a t'f•u Un11 mnagea l t•s n libll1t1 1ft n wln operatcw11 fro i ono tar ot cntlt1 to another lltlere procedunl tags required b1 HSI vary wldoly TheTo ha danan- al50 ln hiaYln opontor fist cal hlp Wldor Uvo intc C c O 't c omu tons Soclctlwos ovc sllpt variatlons ln callups a11d calhlp ai nlfy tile unu ual 411d •n qper••o-r ro•ehoqlad o 1l• lag eovld aa lly c wpl•cont or lliH • wuquo 4-oleamt colldan lltlcrv the dl ffcn11u fr11a1 JO pNVlous eaJlups if but • inale 4it OT dah 'Ibo HDO applies to as1'lnt tllo oper111or to dlserlalllato N ' c q orleoc o arauea nroa1tt iK1r greater NSA offort1 o •nvolvo station mol ln tbc hy and whal'efors of 14teroept asslg n n I spoal cllrect 11 of opontors ft01• ia ion waalysu or thou leveh of fjeld' nat a tocnt f azd Uar vlth ond-pzoc uct NJIOTt•• sitow•and• t ll ln-hflngs and extensive o ClfO to vbiUn1 TDYu1 SUcJI irivollldle lt - NOYor should not be iaolal td bu •contl'1 ow Field JOT• and analy• ts 1llould thep aqtll opentor inten st and iniiue that penrtor-s a re bp infomod ' hf ro loavlns tbo sul Ject oi o oratctt involvtDCnt I qulcklf point out ttoiat tbe ro• toEEt rVJSPts ion r tJ n • fer · o o OJ1POr _am r 6 y opera ll Otl• If thlt utlytlc areas lo OOt mke vauon great or A tcq U o kHp local oJNti-atora an n of the Jriporsonc of tholr uaund lllui011 vo vlll havo d tho ball ioo J dlll I i n OUI' CMM baC t£io d- 1bo idtal of c our••• i • to stiit alato 0pe-d tor intcre t r ess of lllor• tllo ntercep · ts per-fo -d • Rttul'ft 1'1' to AG-22 1 TS as 11 scnin a of u ter1al Vitt • 1dddl mny of llt IC Copt• 1111 that t ay•s copy ls tif •1PiGP11 l to tuall• tr' ls tbN an lthlna usoc l cd 1tith this lntercep that sbolald be lapiovoct - betior software a11d edltln1 capabJltties asldo fOn am1 TIIDse sa o pl-'lllinl HSslena el by Mr FhllllJ$ lftdlc ted tb•t the rlnar crltlclm d A0-2'2 IATC a• iDn£f1c kft t UMH rfll• Ntsu1unt 40• 22 IATS 1n Studt Group llDJllna• show chat bot o•aso· U 22 1 ATS it not the11 aan r and uebino tt• soure• s are wsted by dupll tivo prcpaiauon afld folvud inl of tho saa ifltete• • - At thn leuc resouTCH are used wfalda need not be enou • 11 11powa dv1'in1 the I lstcniaa pioc OH ud eopy c ovn only unusll ll chatter • • UJad if AG•2Z IA1S were anlJ1l l to User within Tho clwl1es ln copy procedurH rcccumdcd a lw mut ot tnc erco r • · by Mr Phillipi an well $Ult eel for into The Study Gl'OUp b stilt in tho rocess of opcratlon • where lns t•nt la h a foct of submtti a flntl rocouao i4atlcm to Chl o£ C lifo for- iJfprovlns the tlnell11c • ot tbla illltorccpt cn ou h to do What 19 Doln1 so wlU noc be cas7 but f t can be dono SU 'llrbl n i tho fac t Wt 1lven al that b arid oupt bo clotlc If Grol tp to pNJ Orl y 5l1Ppon the __ _ _ __ tlvit11 it 1111st nqui'l'Cd tho opa'l'Ot01' cloes • ood Joi bo dont I dg apee tMt sofiwue stiould chklt for lhat 1 1 Wl O I whh AG-2% i ATSf lk b not obvlou s errors and when Postible torroct ata Nhcm •ubseq ucnt onon uo C Otected Extra and nowr wu l be perf 'l • rcpllca of tthat the odlt1J 1 steps in he Al P ycle also i culd prove target coauniCA'lot- Mndt 'l'1lo h1 mept as IOC1ated wt'th lATS llowover la t110 11ui VO bonorldal havo ovn liad Wo can alwa 1 11no tcr ADP Mr PllllUp s' call for rater opcnlOr applic atlolls •• need a fost0r - hs ot iettlna aaret1e l I of target signals arid tho1t valuo Ls pctrtlnttt mterlal to lnteested US '»• ie• ian oJCCoJleot 0110 Ono nood not hive Ileen an operator to undontand this A iypiu U a IIC ttor t 'pht lllllcn lntorened in tho job ot und and sivon lnfol'Md lmiolvaacnt Tho CHW I for btttor operator notivation falls oo two ' ° flold iunqers pertain to the alphl bo1na cop led IOU of 1houldGJ'$ thoao of ancl e1s lt tho NSJI elment1 ro ponslltlo for thoso ta ots It l a these nccda tbot viii cont nue to ded otbGr • foros of flnt cchotchri mmllll' lll valop rt • aond sotbflc tlon as is those needs not a quest for porto t copy that CAft CCC 80tlNBlffl'l6l - _ _ bl r All-ied uuaue a • ••••••••• ltttlRIE PIP SM R • IIIIUU I Non - Responsive TOR SFGB ll UI IIRA CONVERSATION WITH A BOOKBREAKER SINCE RETIRED la c _ - _Ila •• ••• _ •••• • _IIIINM •• _ 12 T-1• f•• Mal• Mla i _ TMSIIIN u •• 1 aUI _ I _ • _ _ _ _ _ N11t11 • It 111 · - · _ _ 141 Can tit bt siw ed to ucor aauu udl beaut 4 In boCllbrcallif· th• CmputCJ' 0 1 polnu to t the HSICC1' · - t ffl' Ot bo nUed on to g w it On the othor hand tile pe '- Hmce forllld b ' the coq 11tol' 11ro of inonimblo value to the analyst because of the npldlty 1111t 1 which pcrtlnont lnformtlon can bo mv ht to hi$ attention lntol1i1cnco Is highly pe tshablo •- tht co q utor ofton seno iul o lnfornticn oxploltablo whllo it l• st111 tlaoly ptei 1 the c o ' not 9o in9 t o e IJit boo tuA mt 6Mllica c«n U Iota lwlr • Ono r Jf the anatcsi aervlcos h ill tho orea of lnvc-nt otY N Ythina onco latown about the code Na6 crypto raphlc proc tlc of• uraot o t forKOtton One of tll• 116st utonal of •ll ex i Hs h ro• discoverla1 E he rheol Oc her than thLs tho COllfUttt ls - lOllsly ada pu blo 1'11-11 proper knowledse and lu11 uon Lt can 1 e cam1t'I ' should never -i ' ac juned lb fie tJao noods of jnC -'1 problel'I The aruuisi d ftaer is tile lfOVllll tendency to try to NIJ-40 individual probleas 6 t e tho ut•r• r lt Ult ebJ cu t tile aM ' oi co4 tlMc Uon NlU rllA £n ntlli A• I llllOuld hOpe not t im no11 workina on • codo tMt ha J all the 'basic el4 GOA1-I of t ho first code problea t ever e11 tau11tored •· ll most 25 •r• •IP• I •houlcl hato to think that t ho next llflent ton of boo b ken voald uvo to loan the tnk by trld -id ft'l'OT' t £o11 o '1 ouU the nu t stnMA• 06 6ooibuc ktM liAve r l'Mt lwrd ol i lz lnd r topl t jhould 'M i btr A Qualltlu of character ud teaponaaa aro fully lllfOl'tant u f'onal biattucticm In lan1ua1os 1tta studies or cryptosraph ' Cede J'OconatTUCtlon takoa cmornou pat Ince porsovoranco and porSOMl lnto rlty Tho boo bl'Ollk01' au c bo honOJJt 1th hbsolf or he wUI woav • wholo wob of docolt Ho •• hav tn-oad inuresu and AB insaciablc curiosity Bookbreakers succeed tbrough knC11tled10 io t iporance jiW Pft IF SSIJ May 76 • CRYPR LOG • Paao 12 •er tt• IUI IIIIIW - -- ___ _ __ _ --- 1 PL 86-36 5 0 USC 360 5 OitDEPIDltllPII • Althoul h it goos without soylPI I'll IY 1t anyway baton 'OU CM pc rlor11 Ill ' Und of analysis on o alpuil you llavo to t oUoct tho slanal first lletforc rau coUoet tbe dpal you have to find it And befo- o fOLl flricl tho atpal 'OU havo to bo 1n the rJl ht place along tho radlo-fYOquancy spcct'l'UII 1hia ls truo ot all tipals an4 no less true of slsn11 l a11oc latod vlth AOdorn woopon• systc lfo have ottec lcttO t'ft tllat II pudculu func tion 11 USt bo ossocloted vith a givon eapons systCb because ot 1m assoclattd ant Yot tiic sip l HSOCilited Vith th4t fullc-t ioft m' ao lll'llatltt'coptcd tor 11veral years nen a ftev llcaJIOII• ystn is first i cientiflod thero are a nui bet of techftlques to bO us tor pro clkt uac Si p•h viU bo dSOtiated wt lb the systa anci •t Choir hoquonctes wlu be Obo nathocl oE predicting the ency b to deto11r lno the a soclatod antenna ll Orturo sl o Enm pbotoanpbY• estlaato tbo needed slgcal b amddth for tllo various alpl j Jftctions and thon caJcuJotc th• oporatinJ froquDru 7 This boazwidth catimtion ton lllc1 prc 1vldo• poor rcsul ta Anl thol' VllY whh 11 h riore Ct lt• actinJ l t t o c qaloy wavepidc anllyais llib carilcle show• hov nveiuld o a 'IA1yd s Cail ¢ • the 1am l'IUIIO to• mi a and tbvs Sborton t l o tine neo4od to inwrccpt ihet 1 p$ l 111c ca- n vavcguldo h• s a cross Hctlon hat ia rectangular l n shapo 1'1• loiigor l nsl do 4l 1111ntlon ls ubl trny e111llcd tho shorter I N• ond 11 cu ofr frequency Fl'liqWlqcias Qavo c1 1to f wHl pl'Op• pta down the Sl lldo frequendes at or belov tllo cutotf 11111 not The cutoff fro• querier can be deterained troo tlle expr-esdon Jtc wtterc c ts ½ the speed of uaht Pc ls the cutoff frcque c and ls tho lonaer dl eftslon of tbt Vll'IC S Uldo c-ross 11oc t OJ1• this eiq rcsslon ls isportant bttAuse Lt re• veals thm1 t h o naoclatc4 vlth dllslflllW•• aulde cannot tnnsalt on tffquendes lCMtOr than tho ro vlt thm tho first usable frequency nn e has been ntablis1ted2 F0 to 1nf inltY tit nftP •C8n be reduced to Fe to ifc• alnco it l tno ffl tllat frequencies ebo le 2'c co use tho si£JW1 DOt to bo coupled 1tO tho load pnpe -ly • Tho 1- ro or coup c111Se st111 1d c11'1n'CI p11t• tents to be soi up In tho waveauJ de thus deaia UnJ tho s1p11 ad clUilfli loiiea ihb reason Soviet as veu •s u s•• dosl peTa ct oosc opentlna nqes between Pc •nd 21 ° • Apln tho soal'Cfl nqe nas 1160ft •lplfkantlr redllced tt la 1101t known tbat tho tfflll HOdHed with a partlcul r v wo uida e nDOt tran snl on • trequ oncy belov f GIid no kDCMm ioa olC ltt 1n lebicll fr oncfes • 2Pc bavo been mocl Althoup the anrch range hN b0tn n r •laniflcant J r thore ue su u f ctors llht dl ° un htlp reduce t ie froquency •aarch TU O tor • iivtlcu ln Oldttor Fro» vavcplde 1na1y1h It b tno m that o en though a dJMl can props pt o thfou h 1 1 e Uldc 111 Just o1 ove Pc• lt iS attenuat ed to a i atM d dcino As tlla rr queJIC ' t s i ncreased tOVll'll 2Pc tho attenuation I• d• crcascd' oq onentllllly 'Thla usablo frequency • ranio YM ios frva •vcguido to Nvqulde a116 can bo 4otondned f'rcm • chart hbwever nonall1 the tint 25 pucont of tho trcquenc 1es htveen Fc and 2P an not used because af 1111l bd •tten 3t lon J 1nau itie hlshest ten porcont ot th t'tequenclos are not usc d1 bocauso at •bout this point tu Jossca f'roa the • 111111 ch1n1 btsln A t o becozo signi f i cant Onco ·thc t'rtqUCllC ' SCatCh has bNa re• duced to tbb Tl ngo otlaor tkhnillUC•· such 46 olb ttaati na M1fHlen1l tv 'band1 m1 coo 1- nt chi$ Y•to• and reduce tho f y r l e even further - e fTPICAl VA l'BCL'ml 111e t'A and ll valu ls arc 11ornally doter• minH bJ cOll 'erlq outside dl1111111•1ou 4erlved troa pltotopapldo inteYpntatlOM with U S ovoguldcJ iJI O%der 10 Htablish the Inside 41111msiOt1s 111• A dlanalon dotormlnn tho i• artic le b operatiOI Y 16 • CRYPTOUJG • Pase l l SQNilDIIIJll tl baaed on Tll 1o-aodo of I CC fl aa w • • I Non - Responsive •a - If Although fNqlaollCy pNdlctih throup nve• cui•e analysis 1a not • £oolp roof mthod it h 1111e thu t ool th t an bo used t o nartow tho frcqucnoy n rch nn ae of • s1au1 usoe ieted with • IN'tic ulor llllltcmn a 11ho10 W31VOJ Uido 4bc n• si4ffls 111 e km wn 11ws it ls al llflOJtent tool for spceclinJ up tho tm1lyds 0£ slanah1 QJIOC t atcd vlth veapons aystcm UNCI ASSIFI BD Na ' 76 • CRYnOLOC • Pago 19 XbtW RFtmtl # '•A• f' A - •• • J