TOP J eRET DJliJVVlllWulll OOlDWDV v ijW Bf l'WW r l WWfill5 Wl ulfill f W W l1WGil l --1 PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 1 NSA-CROSTIC No 10 ••••• •• •• • •• • •• • A J S ••• ••••••••• •• 14 IIIIB LUCl hiiZh1 e Ulilllfl I l lllllWIRI J IAlltll I l ep EGRET Declassified and Approved for Release by NSA on 05- 11- 2021 pursuant to E O 13526 MOR 109476 'f8P SfiORH'f Published Monthly by Pl Techniques and Standards for the Personnel of Operations VOL IV• NO 11 NOVEMBER 1977 TOP 8BOR6'F I Non - Responsive r PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 I -·-· - ANALYSIS 0·f SOVIET MISSILES · BY TELEMETRY EXT ERNALS --- - ---··· - - - - ' - - ne of the major efforts of the intelligence Collllltlllity has been the moni toring of the development and testing of Soviet missiles The main sources of data for this purpose are provided by the reception and exploitation of instrumentation test signals that the Soviets transmit to assist their engineers in testing and evaluating these weapon systems The instrumentation signals along with beacons and space vehicle command signals are commonly referred to as telemetry The following paragraphs provide information about a new direction in telemetry -- the making _ of e rternaZ measureJDents of missile transmissions -- and give some insight into the application of this development in Wl the Office of Space and Missiles O Background As a result of the decreadng availability of exploitable telemetry internals i e the data transmitted to monitor critical missile parameters like fluid flow and acceleration -- either because of encryption of that data or because of low received-signal strength -- the Scientific and Technical Intelligence CoD1D1Unity e g MIA FTD has been forced to explore the area of externals data It is of extreme significance that from the external characteristics of the signal the community can now recover data on weapon systems that would otherwise not be available November 77 • CRYPTOLOG • Page 1 9P SDORflrf 8l lBM EO 3 3b 3 PL 86-36 50 use 3605 lOP 811@Rllf tJP IRIII · EO 3 3b 3 PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 Cono Z usion The extraction and uses of externals data require the continued interaction of experienced signal analysts with experienced missile system analysts so that each extracted characteristic can be identified as a parameter of interest or discarded as a byproduct of interference collection recording or processing In general externals telemetry data alone does not permit determination of the missile capabilities The externals data must be used in conjunction with other data types e g internals models simulation programs to obtain the highest confidence estimates of Soviet missile capabilities he Collection Objectives Priorities and Evaluation System COPES has been in operation since 1973 It was primarily designed to give control of collection objectives to the analyst while allowing intercept stations to retain a large T degree o flexibilit ' _in utilizing t'1eir collection resoUl'ces As •tated in USS'ID 196 7 February 197 p l 'The lllOst j jnportant aspect of the COPE progra11 is the at curate and valid translation of 1 telllgence requirements into cleaTly defined and° 1Deaningful resources November 77 CRYPTOLOG Page 2 TAR 86016T 6HBR t • PL 86-36 50 use 3605 1 _________ ______ ____ __ ___________________ --- - ----- _ _ - ililliT iPQliH Since the implementation of COPES management personnel have tried many methods of me sur ng the stations' ability to satisfy tasked ob ecttves Many of these provide unedited counts of the number of times a station claims an objective satisfied Some are difficult to analyze and consume many man-hours in lower-leve management to provide higher-level management with an overall view of the stations' performance tive satisfaction claimed a second time in one day when the tasking required only one satisfaction per day which occur within the scope of the program one Sunday-through-Saturday Coverage Accounting Period -- CAP All objectives tasked in accordance with noruneasurable periodicity codes are considered to be valid every time they are satisfied Whenever periodicity codes are measurable but The need for an objective performance index the frequency of required satisfaction is less with a flexible display and evaluation mechanism than the scope of the program they are treated was very evident as if they were tasked with a once-per-week require11ent If the periodicity codes are meaObjeative TC%8kinq and Reporting surable and the frequency of required satisfaction falls within the scope of the program Objectives tasks by NSA CSS analysts are as- then the data concerning the last time this signed via the SIGINT Collection Objectives List objective was satisfied date and time of inter SC0L within the Case Target Remarks CR record cept is compared with the data concerning this of the Intercept Tasking Data Base ITDB They satisfaction to see that it does not exceed are specific collection goals which define a periodicity requirements before crediting it as SIGINT requirement with a two- or three-element a valid satisfaction designator number letter nlllllber Verification of tasking is essential in developing a valid score To verify a claiMed These objectives are assigned to a specific satisfaction the case ASD and the terminal or case notation and Arbitrary Station objective objective reported in the CMR must have an Designators ASDs periodicity codes and a equivalent case ASD and obj_ective in the priority guidance are assigned to these The egenerated tasking list case notation and ASD define a specific terminal This procedure is executed weeKly and the or group of terminals as the infoniation source output is added to an on-line statistical data Periodicity codes indicate how often the intercept station is to satisfy the objective and the base to provide a station perfornance history priority guidance states the relative importance This file is defined for SPECOL SPecial Consumer Oriented Language retrievals This of the objective data when further evaluated by the AtrrOGRAF automated graphics display program can proSatisfied objectives are flagged in the trafvide an overview of a station's performance at fic and are retained in the Collection Managea glance ment Record CMR where they are accessible via the IBM 370-168 complex The problem is Optional Duypwstic Listings in determining whether or not the objectives claimed satisfied were actually tasked s an option managers may run this procedure to provide themselves Objective Satisfaction Evatuation with a weekly list of a station's current performance The list proThe station's ability to fulfill objective vides three in-depth diagnostic listings requirements which will be called its score which could be very useful to lower-level is measured by evaluating each objective managers claimed as satisfied by the intercept station Diagnostic one is displayed in a matrix as reported in the CMR agains the tasking type format with the vertical_ coordinate repreassigned to that station within the ITDB After determining that the objective was tasked senting the objectives and the hor izontal coordi nate representing the priorities The and that collection falls within periodicitytotal number of each type of objective satisfied code requirements the score is developed by multiplying each objective satisfied by a value per priority is entered into the appropriate cell of the matrix At the end of each row and inversely related to the priority assigned the objective i e priority 1 x S priority 2 x 4 column the total number of objectives and the score are entered Fig l shows diagiiostic etc This gives added weight to high-priority one for USJ783 block 1501 for CAP 770S29 targets and thus higher scores to a station through 770604 which consistently satisfies high-priority tasking requirements Diagnostic two Fig 2 is siJllilar to diagnostic A unique feature in the score development is one except that it combines the entriesin diagnostic one with the oversatisfaction counts By comthe ability of the procedure to reject objecparing diagnostics one and two one can isolate tive satisfactions which represent oversatissignificant areas of oversatisfaction factions of tasked objectives i e an objec- A November 77 • CRYPTOLOG • Page 5 RIIGIUilff 8P8111 ···-·- - -· - 8D0Dl11f 8P01ilil EO 3 3b 3 PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 I I ' ' ' ' Fig 1 Sample of Diagnostic one Fig 2 Sample of Diagnostic two November 77 CRYPTOLOG Page 4 sncao 8P@JFF EO 3 3b 3 PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 Diagnostic three is a list containing a diag- rejected from or included in the matrix displ_a rs • nostic code station identifier case notation Fig 3 is a portion of diagnostic three for ASO and objective as reported by the station USJ783 block 1S01 for the given CAP giving the reason for this record's being either Code interpretations fozo di aqnoatic thitee l - No station to match in the ITDB or case is greater than the last case tasked under that station 2 - Case not assigned or objective is greater than the last objective assigned to that case 3 - Objective not assigned or ASD is greater than the last ASD assigned to that objective 4 - ASD is not assigned • - The objective was tasked as reported but this record represents an oversatisfaction of that tasking - This record is good in all aspects and i s i ncluded in all matrix displays Fig 3 Sample of Diagnostic three November 77 CRYPTOLOG Page S 811llRIS I 81 URE Di splay Techniques The AUTOGRAF program is especially useful for displaying and analyzing management data It supports the management by exception approach in that it focuses attention on significa_n t changes in performance It is designed to graph a statistical data set and provide an output on any one of three devices printer pen plotter or 7-track tape to be processed on the 4460 microfom processor to produce microfiche In addition to graphing data elements the program computes a norm range in accordance with a threshold specified by the user to be within the range of 01 to 9 99 standard deviations plus or minus for a number of weeks of history · data from 2 to 52 weeks which includes the data element being reported and shades the area outside the norm The data elements are graphed with the scores being the vertical axis and the dates up to 52 may be specified being the horizontal axis Each time a score is reported the norm range is recomputed to provide a dynamically changing threshold and history Any scores which are not considered normal i e fall in either the upper or lower shaded areas can easily be earmarked for further evaluation normal scores would require no wasted man-hours spent on further investigation See Fig 4 l•tlflf H OII - • IHLUUIM i ra1M1 usaa fD COolf•TI OCII - at ia1•• U OlrH •f ti DH l • r awaU I u • •• 111 I I I• -• · T i •1 T • i •U N - •lfJ N •I• • t NCLASSIFIED Fig 4 AIITOGRAF output This procedure has agency-wide application for providing objective performance evaluation for all resources tasked in accordance with USSID- 198 requirements Analysts assigning o jectives IIIUSt ensure the proper usage of priorities and intercept stations must be made aware of oversatisfaction problems Its capabilities for evaluation and display modifications make a very flexible managerial tool and its diagnostic listings can provide an in-depth view of performance when needed Most i111portant however is the saving in man-hours in having to do extensive analysis of all entities provided by the graph's emphasis on abnormalities November 77 CRYPTOLOC • Page 6 SECRET SMKE __________ _____ __________________- ---- ------ _ _ fJ8 fPIDlfJIUls DIRECTOR'S MEMORANDUM MAROON SHIELD GUIDANCE • Recently I came across a copy of the Director's 4 Auaust 1977 Me• orandu• and was greatly impressed by its clarity and succinctness Since a fairly large percentage of the 8ency•s population is not as well infol'Jlled as might be desired concerning the objective of MfJ OON SlllB J and the constraints and considerations to be aoulied to that proaram I reauested the Direco r IONA'- -oaN NO r• JULY Hta santoN tor's per• lssion to reproduce the Me1110randtn in entirety in CRYPTOLOG In that way we could infon our readers of what the progra• will entail The Director has graciously granted that pel'lllission and we are pleased to reproducl the Me110r1111d1111 in this issue • Ralph D Bulla Col Z oti tm Editor COI F1f EfY'Fh1tL 09A _ 1'1 CPfll ••••• t •• UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Memorandum TO DATE DISTRIBUTION 4 Aug 77 DIRBC'IOB BOM IUBJ CT MAROON SHIELD CUIDANCE 1 As a result of the information briefing provided to me on 29 July 1977 the folloviDS guidance ie issued in order to enaure that continued planning and action oa the MAROON SHIELD program is undertaken within established policy 2 First we need a clear understanding with regard to what we hope to accomplish under the MAROON SHIELD program and what are the necessary ele111ents of this program e g ll D operations facilities logistics aanpower training and career patterns for both military and civilians In this regard we need to develop a comprehensive MAROON SHIELD Master Plan 3 Secondly we can start with soma basic assW11ptiona These are a Our overall goal is to improve the timeliness of information flow to users and maximze coverage of targets and satisfaction of requirements In this regard manpower is not our principal concern We will not justify programs solely on people saviDS•· b We must continually strive for quality in our entire operation from the collection at the front end through the people who perform the job to the product of our effort c We will maintain approximately the present lllilitary civilian mix not necessarily within the established ceilings We must also address tbe meaua of 111 1nta1ning and enhancing direct support skills d lbe 111 jor efforts in cryptanalysis will continue to be perfor111ed here at the headquarters l November 77 • CRYPTOLOG Page 7 CONEIDIH•ttli iOUlilBBUTIHIS e Bulk processing will be performed where practical and economical f Operations will be target not geographic or SCA service oriented g We must keep our options open for greater civilian rotation to alternate operating facilities as well as greater military participation here at the headquarters h We should be looking for career stability and attractiveness for both military and civilians 4 In our MAROON SHIELD planning I want emphasis placed on the progra111's impact on military and ci· rilian recruitment career opportunities and retention of q1111 lity personnel Ve should plan for four or five year rotational tours at all of our locations where desirable including here at the headquarters That will allow us to move more effectively invest in training for illtary personnel here at headquarters and lead to placing military careerists in jobs requiring experience and continuity equal to their civilian counterparts In like maMer 0 we should seek opportunities for wider field experience for our civilian personnel 5 Ve need an investment strategy We need to det rmiue what is a reasonable price tag for moderni ation in place both in CONUS and overseas assum ng that we will continue to operate for the next ten years as we are now Also we need to determine under this investment strategy what is the optimum remoting mb assuming we are not fettered by other constraints such as communications vulnerabilities The key to this strategy is our ability to deal with targets not efficiencies 6 1 desire that we conduct an honest and aggressive breakout of the ALTllOF concept not from a parochial or geographic vie ll oint but from a practical approach We must keep in mind that we are not going to get a lot of money for construction Also keep in mind what has already been said and look for attractive ALTROF options for the long-term enhancement of nilitary and civilian career opportunities Find • locations that are operationally feasible where facilities in the main already exist and where our people will actively seek assignment We 111Ust be prepared to pay a little more if the result will give us better recruitment and retention • 7 I l ook to the SIGIN'r Architect to coordinate this •ction and be the driving force behind this stage of MAllOON SHIELD planning The DDF should take initial steps to sort out frOII the overall planning those activities requiring more i111111ediate and separate action I ua keeping my option open at this time on deciding whether or not we will have a MAROON SHIELD Project Management Office 8 I do not expect that tbis planning effort proceed at a crisis pace On the other hand we cannot afford to let it continue at its current rate Rather I expect a vell measured effort which will result in three • ternatives a preferred a practical and a minimally acceptable alternative Keeping all facets of our mission in mind 1 • totally committed to a single national SIGINt system In all of our activities we must strive to build confidence in that single system 9 Request that DDF in conjunction with the SIGINT Architect initiate appropriate action to carry out necessary planning using the policy and guidance provided above 1 will be available to address separate issues and make decisions when necessary Please provide De with information on your plan of action by the end of August B R INMAN Distribution D DIR DDK DDF ADPR DDO ADIL SlGlNT Architect DDR DDT Vice Admiral U S Navy Director NSA Chief CSS OOfi tvlDSr TIAL -2- November 77 • CRYP'l'OLOG •Pace iOtiillltlHlll'liJL Non - Responsive I Non - Responsive · - ---- ' • ·---------1 No n - Respo nsive Non - Respons i ve - I Non - Responsive ·- -----· ---· _ _ UNCLASSIFIED NSA-crostic No 10 By A J S I PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 1 The quotation cm the ne z t page lllaB taken from the published work of an NSA-er The first Z etters of the WORDS spe l Z out the author 'B name and the tit l e of the work DEFINITIONS WORDS November 77 CRYPTOLOG PaRe 14 UNCLASSIFIED I UNCLASSIFIED 1 N 2 K S K 6 M 8 E 9 B 10 I 11 F 39 I 40 J 52 I 53 K 54 R SSH 41 W 42 K 65 A 66 T 67 E 68 W 79 S 80 I 107 W 108 Q 109 G 110 0 111 120 H 121 M 122 F 123 E So Zution nezt month November 77 CRYPTOLOG Page IS UNCLASSinED PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 JNon Responsive I UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED JNon - Responsive -r UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED - - -- •- - - - I Non - Responsive r I Non - Responsive --------- --·· - -----· Responsive I -·· - ____-- --- - ---'-- - --·-1 No n - Respons i ve I I Non - Responsive I -