7' fFTW DECLASSIFIED Authority JJJJ@ - ----------------- ----·- 1 11 q5 C 8 •__ r 1 - REP _R4 £UR NEA cu NR E p 10 FSO A GR COM - I • DEPARTMENT OF STATE Ulll@t3 M RMIR _ Fil - HANOL ING INDIC-'TOR No• -· 26 1962 FRO TAR 1'R XMQ AIR ARMY Cl A N1'VV 050 VSI A NS-' Preliminary Negotiations with the Canadian Government on Possible Huclear Sup_port for Canadian Forces Embtels 695 697 ' 00 and 7oy SUBJECT REF 7 ' meaoranda theof De artr ient' s recoI·ds there are c ttached detailed conversations tool 9lacc in 0tt2 11a on 01 ' -rhich November 21 and 23 1902 Hith representatives of the Canadian Goverm Kmt re3ardinG possible ag -cc1 1 ents for the nuclear support of C i n2di2 n forces in Europe and Canada Sum nary reports and comments on them are contained in the telec rar 1S under reference 1 • J1· • V - J r ' ' ' ' I • 'v t r j V - ' ' Ivan B 1- 1hi te Charr-·e d I Affaires ad interim ' 0 EnclosureG 1 2 -3 4 5 l' er 10 of Conversation lJovember- 21 1962 Draft Agreement rI8tnO o Conversa·tion i Iovember 21 1962 Dra tt Agreement I-Iemo of Conver•sation rrovember 23 1962 ieclassified Authority 27447 Laurie Madsen Date 04-04-201 L FORM •• fl2 os 323 Cleiuaaces NW# 27447 ·Docid 617793 SANITIZED COPY #Iii --•·-- tl-#lf----1 --- -11 f'Yt INFORMATION DELETED I le DECLASSIFliD Authority J Jfj ·• - ------- _- •n -_l__________ -i r - _r 1q5 q L_ rt- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------- - _ _ ··t•t _ - _- _ I -_ - • • _ __ eee T Tr- l -- l ···- I · •• L - - - t _ w Page 1 of 3 Enclosure 1 CY rTAWA A- MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION ottawa November 21 1962 SUBJECT Prel1mi nary Negotiations with Canada on Nuclear Weapons for Canadian For es in Europe PARI'ICIPANTS Canada U s Air Chief Marshal Frank M1ller Cha1rman Chiefs of Staff Committee Rosa·Campbell Assistant Under Secretary of State for External Affairs Ivan B White Charge d'Affaires ad interim William E Lang Department of Defense Rufus z Sm1th Counselor for Political Affairs Mr White opened the discussions·by stating we were prepared to table a drai't atoclcpile agreement copy attached regarding atomic weapons in Europe for Canadian Forces He explained that it was typical of agreements which the Ul 1 i ted States has with other NATO allies Prior to examining the document in deta1 l A C r •l Miller asked whether the Canadian understanding ·1as correct that the document being presented was a 11 general overall permissive agreement 11 with more detailed arrangements to be made at other levels He also asked •1hether it was intended to cover both Europe and North America or whether instead we had a second agreement in mind with regard to this continent Mr • Lang confirmed the Canadian understand 1 ng that we had in mind a general agreement at the government level which would set forth the principles governing the nuclear support for Canadian forces and that supplementary deta 1 led arrangements would be worked out at the military level within the frametmrk of the government level agreement He said that while ·re had a draft which deals only with Canadian forces in Europe and we would submit a bit later in the discussion a second draft to cover their air defense units in North America it was nevertheless possible that the two documents ould conceivably be incorporated into one agreement A C M Miller noted that as many four principal commands might ultimately be involved -- SACEUR SACLANT ·NORAD and the West Coast maritime co annand if we should decide to go into that area NW# 27447 Docid 617793 ---- DECLASSIFIED Authority JJJ j 11 q5 q9 if· o i '· - •' s· -e ----·a T -- J ' - Page 2 or 3 Enclosure 1 lrTAWA A- Mr Campbell referred to the very l tm1ted terms of reference for these discussions ·1hich had been laid dol'm by the Canadian Cabinet Mr White aclmowledged that he was aware of the terms of' reference buy -noted he had been given them only orally and was not certain he h8 d complete knowledge of their contents A C M Miller commented that he and tllr • Campbell had no more precise instructions in this regard One of them had seen the Cabinet directive in writing while the other had been given oral instructions neither had a copy of the written position of the Cabinet · At this point copies of the first US draft were distributed and Mr Lang briefly reviewed it With regard to paragraph 1 of the draft l 'Ir Campbell asked to what extent negotiations ·rith other governments· would be necessary In response Nr Lang explained that there as an agreement with the FRG covering the storage of nuclear weapons 1n support of NATO forces there ·and that as a procedural matter we would merely need to notify the -German Government of the arrangement with Canada Mr White corrmtented that paragraph 2 is not so formidable as it m ht pp 2 r a fi t g ce to Canadi2 b d 6 t authorities u- d Mr Campbell nodding a8reement commented that these facilities would be 11 lOO b infrastructure Nr Lan8 at the Canadians' request briefly elaborated on the meaning the US attaches to surveillance 1n paragraph 5 I-'lr Lang drew attention to paragraph 8 and remarked that the obligations which the Government of Canada would assume under its provisions would be inirnal since the United States 1s·a1ready working on its m-m tropospher ic scatter system which would take care of the problem to a large extent · Both A C M I·liller and Mr Campbell appeared to be agreeably surprised at the relative simplicity of the draft Miller remarking at one point that 11 there nust be a mass II of additional agreements to be worked out Mr Lang responded that all that would· be needed were technical level arrangements fleshing out certain details on matters covered 1n principle by the govern ent level agreement He noted that there 1s already in existence an agreernen t w tt· Canada that permits us to giv Canadian forces the atomic information they would need to achieve an atomic capability with the_ir weapons systems NW# 27447 Doc td 617793 - - - - - - - · - - - - - i -- ·-- 1 DECLASSIFIED Authority jJ J j I q1q5 q9 _ r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • z r'' c· r·- A·- - - Page 3 of 3 f' · Enclosure l CYrTAWA A- ·Mr Campbell asked whether the US had di fer1ng agreements with other government3 and whether a different agreement would be needed for nuclear-capable delivery systems other than the Honest Johns and the CF-l04•s Mr Lang replied that our draft was intended as an umbrella agreement to cover varying types of delivery systems and was identical in substance if indeed not word1ng with our agreements with other NATO allies The only exceptions were the bilateral agreements covering the IRBMs which were provided under the Military Assistance Program In response to Mr Campbell 's questioning Mr Lang described the actual custodial arrangements including those for aircraft on Quick Reaction Alert I lr Campbell _appeared surprised but reassured to learn that US control even remains in this status of h1gh alert • ' __ - - - I INW# 27447 Docid 617793 I I I I II 7 DECLASSIFIED JJJJJ2 _$1 q5 q9 · Authority r--J ' Pagel of 3 Enclosure 2 CY t'TAWA A Excellency I have the honor to refer to Articles 20 and 21 of the Communique issued by the North Atlantic Council on December 19 1957 and to conversations which have taken place between the Supreme Allied Commander Europe SACEUR and the Governments of Canada and of the United States regarding the stockpiling of atomic weapons in Europe for Canadian forces It is the understanding of my Government·that in the course of these conversations agreement 1n principle was reached to the establishment of elements of a stockpile of atomic weapons to be provided by the United States in support of Canadian forces in Europe In order to implement this agreement in principle my Government suggests the following arrangements E025X6 STATE 8 S0RE'f' SANITIZED COPY SENSITIVE INFOt WATION DELETED Docid 617793 • · DECLASSIFIED thority _µ fi 1 q5 qB 11--------- - ------ --r--------------- -l I S e e ft E 'f Page 2 or·3 Enclosure 2 O'rTAWA A- E025X6 S'l'l TE SANITIZED COPY SENSITIVE INFORMATION DELETED NW# 27447 Docid 617793 DECLASSIFIED Authority J J Q_ 1 q5 qg •1 · I t SB8REl'i' Page 3 of 3 -Enclosure 2 ro rrAWA A- f I r E025X6 STATE I propose that if the foregoing is acceptable to your Government this note and your reply indicating such acceptance will constitute an agreement _between the two Governments on this subject the- agreement to enter 1nto force on the date of your note 1n reply S NITIZEO copy · INF SENSITIVE · O RlfATION DELETED 8B8RE' NW# 27447 Doc d 617793 I DECLASSIFIED Page l of 3 Enclosure 3 011TAWA A- MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION Ottawa November 21 1962 SUBJEC' t' Prelindnary Negotiations Regardi ng Atomic Weapons for Canadi an NORAD Forces PARTICIPANTS Canada Air Chief Marshall Frank Mill er Chairman Chiefs of Statf Corru-uittee Ross Campbell Assistant Under Secretary of State tor External Affa trs U s Ivan B White Charge d 1 Affa1res ad 1riter1 m William E Lang Department of Defense Rufus z Smith Counselor for Political Affairs E025X6 STATE - --------------- ____ _ NW# 27447 Docid 617793 SANITIZED COPY SENSITIVE iNFCl MA TION DELETED 5 pages exempted ---- -- --------------- ___ _ Page 1 oi' 3 Enclosure 5 OTTAWA A- fl MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION SUEJECT Negotiations with Canada on Possible Nuclear Suppo t for -Canad1 an Forces Second meeting with officials · PAR TICIPAN'I 1S Canada Air Chief Marshal Franlc tUlle Chairman Chiefs of Staff Com• ittee Ross Campbell Assistant Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs • U S DATE Ivan B White Charge d'Affaires Hilliam E Lang Department of' Defense Brig Gen Frank B James CCS-Ottawa Rufus z Saith Counselo of Embassy November 23 1962 A C r i Miller opened the meetins by sayin that he and i r • Campbell had met with the Canadian Cabinet Committee Green Harkness and Churchill the niGht before and had been instructed to present certain views to us He said he and Camobell had renorted to the r-finisters on 9ur meeting of the day before and 11ad found that there 'lere no particular difficulties with regard to the proposed agreement for nuclear support for Canadian forces in Europe althou h there are certain ro bler 1s with rc 2 rd to CanadiQ n forces ori this continent that deal that home He said for a variety of' reasons the Canadian Government does not trlsh to · i th nuclear 1·1eapons in a piece-meal fashion and therefore thou5ht the problc n of tl1c forces in Europe and the problem of forces at should 11 move to finality together 11 Hith regard to the· defense of i•Iorth America A C H I-1iller said the i rinisters had been intri ucd by the possibility of some device which 'Tould boti1 meet the hard requirements of adequate defense and 1·muld take account of the 001 itical nroblem faced by the Canadian Government 1 E025X6 STATE ·· ·Mr Campbell commented that one of the t Iinisters had suggested ·Te explore the possibility of having the Canadian 101Bs move to a United States base during a state of Dcfcon 3 or Def con 4 alert 't•fhere they would stand by for possible emergency action He and A C Ir r 111er had pointed out th principal drawbacl s to such arra ngement--the aircraft 1 -· I · NW# 27447 _ 'I - '• · '•I 'f 9 ·_p f _ 0 B f L R Docid 617793 El ''f ' - _ ·SANITIZED COPY SENSITIVE INFORMATION DELl ED__ ' - ---r - - --------DECLAss1FIED Authority µf j S1 q5 qB Page 2 of 3 Enclosure 5 OTTAWA A- E025X6 STATE would be too_ ra r i' south ···ao d1tiorial -f µel problems were raised the problem df p6 sible re-loading -ms not· ta kl n care of and of course the arrang merit_ t·1ould not be appl cable to the I lmissi es He went on to emphasize ho 1 rt ver that tl le Ministers t-rere grop mg for a device which woulcl meet genuine defense n eds but which -rould nevertheless salvage sqmethins of- their basic pol lcy of' resistance to the acquisition Qf nuc l ar t·rar 1eads - ·· · Vir White as ed if it · ould be fair to say that to arrive at a nmodifica tion 11 rather than a ch seeking ' I'he desire he said is o Dreserve 'dhatever valid1 ty there may be to Canada's policy of remilri ing II f orr 1ally nonnuc learized n in v ietr of the possible significance such a posture may have in the tield bt diE2rrric 1ent or in other international pl obler is ' · men A C l'i 1'1111 er stre sed that ·he thour1 ht this Has a clefini te steo forward for thc C2 r c di2 n inisters to l1avc ta en ·ir -Jhite aoked whether it would be c orrcct to se y tnat the Canadian Government ilas seeking to find 2 sol _ll t_i_o_n 1 ri_t_· _ 1 1 e_·- ___ __ -1___ _ n____a_d u_s t_m_c_n_t of the Defcon level ____________ 3 the temporary movement of Canadian military aircraft southuard acros s the bordcI' for stand-by · A C H Viille responded that this vms ind ed the situ2 tion The Canadi an Govcr m nt I s ios± tion was not herd and fix ca rath r the r-Iinisters · ere sro ing for some device by ·ri1icl1 they could reconcile both major consideratio s · Hr Carrrnbell rec l ' c-d that ·1hcn auestion had been raised as to the in8Vitab11i-ty of' public imo • iedse of' the movement soutlwrard of Canadian a1rcraf't fol' tl1e pv r c of be in 2 rc1ed the t-linistcrs had noted that frequent trainj_ng 1i s Lons of this kind might uell be used to condition the public to res2c I'd the i 2 s rdutinc · - In res onse to a question ·kr Car ipbell noted -that the Canadian f iinisters did not 2 Jl- - e r to have 'a uniform notion of' hm- r 1arge the essential nissino- ort-ion of each 1 1 imuld be I SANITIZED COPY SENSITIVE INFORMATION DELETED N # 2'1447 ·oocid 617793 DECLASSIFIED A11thority 'f e ' f ' I 0 D 9 R'E 'f ' • I I ' • Page 3 of 3 Enclosure 5 OTTAWA A- ' l ·Mr White reiterated the comment of the earlier meeting that we of course were not technically qualified to assess the feasibility of such a ·device but would recommend that• Hashington loo1c into the matter most carefully and urgently He hoped that t·1e could have another meeting of the same group prior to the departure of·Ministers Green and Harimess for the NATO Ministerial r ieeting in December Discussion of possible dates revealed that A C i Hiller t· ould probably have to leave Ottaua on the evening of December 7 A C r I Miller remarlced that in any event he presumed that the Canadian Ministers -would H1sh to_ discuss this problem vtith Secretaries Rusk and 1-TcNamara Hhen they sat- them in Paris i•lr White responded that he was sure the United States re resentatives •rere lool ing foruard to the possibility of such a discussion and he hoped the four Ministers would be able to sit dmm together i 1r Campbell pointed out in this connection that r Unistc1 s Fleming and O 'Hurley misht also be in faris at same date At the close of the e1eetin3 the C2 nad1an representatives stressed once again that the fact that discussions i·1ere going on 1·ms still regarded by the Canadian Government as exceedingly sensitive Mr Campbell suggested it would be useful if the U S could present a viritten version oi' the presentation given by Gen Agee to the Ministerial Committee on 1-lovember 21 together '11th as many detail$ as practicable and -rith reference to the more general considerations with · ·rhich Ir 1 i1ite had inti-'oduced the mectins ·rith the Ministers NW# 27447 Docid 617793 -···· -- · ' This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu Read related article The U S Nuclear Presence in Western Europe 1954-1962 Part II 2020-09-17