wnrru ·rHzf I 'EHHl'f' · '1 •h• _ nl_ • 1 1 · Minutes of Pandora Meeting of April 21 1969 ·s · · ' y· - · ·· '• '· · v- ·' ···-' · _ ' - ·- · · · · --- ' ·· ' · · r •'c ' ·- · - •1 J 1 'J - ' - - - - · t ra t t r t - 7 -· · - c - - nu c r • - c - d per Q iS p ad l 1 ct --· i ·____ · · '- - - · · -·c·· ''• -- • · ···'··'- • ·' '· _ · occ cc o · '· _ ---··--- ··--·----'- ------ SUMMARY OF PANDORA MEETING HELD April 21 1969 ·' Detailed minutes attached ' tions I Same classification and instruc- _ II ' Meeting organiz ed in three parts · ' -· oc - ' - ' J · Review of Big Boy · A · Purpose Elucidate effects on man of microwave radiation radar by comparing ship's crew groups · apparently exposed to radiation to groups protected from radiation below deck and remote stations · ' Studies on USS Saratoga in two stages i dock side in preparation for shakedown and ii shakedown i e underway and operational B ' ·· C Findings No significant differences in psychological tests performed on the apparently exposed and control groups · Also no apparently significant differences ·on genetic leucocyte and physical findings Thus studies generally proved negative Detailed report due from Dr Kubis Radiation Findings Detailed survey of on-board radiation levels revealed that levels were consider ably lower than anticipated i e most cases levels varied from 0 3 to 0 03' mw cm and in no case greater than l mw cm • Radars were operating 80 to 90 percent capacity ·· D · Surrunary and Conclusions To Date Saratoga study verified testing procedures and provided useful information for developing human radar-field testing ·However studies were negative since exposures were · very low - · General discussion of ARPA contracts medical effects of microwave A relative to · · · ' · • - bio- - Dr Brazies• studies of CNS tissue exposed to microwave radiation reviewed Recommendations to accelerate contractor's efforts as urgent and to extend samples Attempt to get reports from ·- '·'· 17 P FF - · # JL 1 · w LL- • ·· ·· · - contractor for inclusion in general report to panel as soon as possi ble B c Contract with Dr Ross Adey reviewed Recommendations Although Dr Adey•s efforts bear on the general problem of the effects of radiation and fields on CNS functions they are not directly contributory to priority ARPA questions Since he is furnishing valuabJ e BEG evaluation services as well as contributing to the general field it was suggested that he be encouragedto deal more directly with priority questions and also to continue suppcrt for present As Walter Reed capability developes if contractors interests tend away from ARPA in• t erests support should be phased out New England Institute for Medical Research Dr Heller program regarded as not contributing directly to ARPA high priority question although the contractor has capabilities in the area D ·· Work at Milton Zaret Foundation attempting to con ·firm or reproduce u S s R work Revi # for information to panel · · ' r E· The Lilienfeld studies conducted several years ago were reviewed since a new proposal was being developed to extend the earJ ier studies It was concluded that due to the size of the Baltimore area mongoloid population and incidence the scope of the study could probably not be increased by more than 50 percent It was recommended that i scope not be extended beyond the Baltimore region e g Washington area ii that the prOgram be regarded · _ as a multiphase effort and that Phase 1 should be · '· funded If findings of Phase 1 indicated that further studies would be promising then later phases · could be CCDnsidered for funding Thus proposal · · should include in-depth follow-up of original cases ···as well as new cases uncovered See detailed minutes • · _ · _- F Studies of Dr' Dordario Johns Hopkins Dr Sol · Snyder and Dr Justison were reviewed for informa · tion ·3 · General Discussion · · · ' ·Priorities of ARPA interests in the microwave field · ·were reviewed High p 'iority still assigned t o · evaluating the significance of Moscow Signal and · also in the general context the biomedical effects 'of microwave radiation on humans such that mean ingful safety standards can be set A - 5 senr r _ ··• ·ADUA r $i O me 'GTED ··- B It was agreed that there is at present insufficJ ent evidence to draw conclusions In answer to ques tions about whether or not other studies aside from those supported by ARPA are likely to or have shed light on the problem it was concluded that the only known study not included herein was that of · Dr Jacobson George Washington School of Medicine on young women exposed to Moscow Signal Findings may indicate abnormal genetic activities in some of the women Significance is not established There - was general discussion of chromosomal aberrations · ·· ··· and its causes · · •-c -· - · _ 'It was··recommended that further studies be developed · ·- --· · t• ' _ - -·-- - · -- · ·· ' ·•· · ···' - ·-· - ·_ - · ···· ··•· · 1 Walter Reed facility and program advancement be ·- - · · · - encouraged · Extend animal studies and initiate · ·' · · _ •y -human studies Suggestions for protocols were - · · _· ·_• - ····made e g study include four men involved for · ' ··_· Y - ' • · _ • six to eight months · Study to be in two groups · • _ -_ a -- ouble- ind ·· · - ·• - -·· · · ' • - ·• · ·2 ' Programs to · 1• • ·- - 4 ' ' It was - - · be developed to take 'advantage of radar installations · -_ · __ • · · '-' -- · i•' land-based - ·- ·'··· · · - · · · · ·· · - · ---- ·_ _ F·· ·'· • recommended that the Walter Reed group prepare · and present a detailed review of the field i e their -· activities ·with reports of their findings protocols etc since projects were begw1 Also a review of ·· relative contract work supported by ARPA and related to Walter Reed efforts·as well as any related studies of · others' in field ' · -' · ·-· ·-· · __ _ - · · · · 'l _ - _ ' · ' -· ' · -· _ _ • · - i· ·· - - -· - -r · - · - • ·· · _ · --- ·--· - --- · l' · i - f · · -- · -· '· · •· · · · · ' • - ·- · - - '-' '· ' · • · T· -t·- ·-· _ ' · _ -· Typ e G 96 ' r r · t H · r W · ' · - · Dat _ -_ _ ·' · -T - - ·- ··--'- - '- - ' -·' ' · · -- · · o 9 · · '' ' - --- o - ' ··- - i ' -· • • - o ' _ -- - i' -· · t _ o _ ' '• - ' • · · · •-· · · ' '· · ·_ · - ' - - ' - ·' · ' ·· _' _ _ ' _· _ -'_ · - •_ · _ ' _· _ _ - _ _•· ·- '· ·_· · · ' 'c · • _ • -• - • _ _- _' _ -· · · - - ' ' ' '• '' • · ' • ct · '· ' • ' - -· - • · t - · · _· - -· _ ' · _ · 7 · · - ·-' - I_-- _ · _ -- ·- ··• ' - - ft l - - - --- · Respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson Chairman · 1 ---· ·5 ' n ro 1 _ 3 · · -· · ·_- - -_ _ · i'- - '-· ·--- ··-· · - _ _ '_ _ _ · _t· - _ _·- -_ _ _- _·_ ·-- _' ···· ' · -· ' _ DETAILED MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF APRIL 21 1969 Meeting Convened IDA Rm 1-'o 0930 lOKS Present Science Advisory Committee Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ·or Joseph E Barmack Dr H Allen Ecker General Frederic J Hughes Jr Dr Joseph F Kubis Dr Lysle H Peterson Chairman Dr Herbert Pollack Colonel Joseph V Brady Dr Thomas W Frazier Mr T Daryl Hawkins Colonel Merrill C Johnson Major James T Mcilwain Mr Mr Mr Mr John F Collins CNO USN H Mark Grove Wright-Patterson AFB Albert Rubenstein ARPA Harris B Stone CNO USN - ' Dr Pollack reviewed events since previous meeting He noted the formation and meeting of a new committee ERMAC from the Office of Emergency Planning and chaired by General James D O'Connell to consider microwave radiation This panel resulted from legislation setting HEW as the responsible agent for microwave radiation health considerations He also noted that a document had appeared by Mr Rexford Daniels under contract to the Office of Telecommunications Management This document has been classified He then noted that Big Boy shipboard exercize had been·completed insofar as the dock-side and shakedown cruise activities ·aboard the Saratoga Dr Kubis would be submit ing a report of activities and findings to date • Dr Kubis reviewed Big Boy objectives and events to date ' · · A f V isory Council ·--- Objective To study certain behavioral and physical functions of selected crew aboard the Saratoga in order to ascertain effects of microwave radiation on man regarding shedding light on effects of Moscow Signal i e nonthermal effects if any · of radiation of radar origin Electromagnetic Radiation - - -· • lJ tl · · -·-·--- Detailed Minutes of Pandora Meeting of 4 21 69 2 Procedures 1 Three groups of ship's crew were selected a Flight deck crew eight in number Highest levels of exposure expected b Hangared deck crew fifteen in number c Low ·levels expected ' ' •• · · ' ·' '' · · ''o c ' Look crews eight in number No' ' exposure expected ' · -·- _ · 2 · ck ide ' ntrol i ts conducted from Ja · ' through Jan · 30 1969 Five-man team under ···· · Kubis with excellent cooperation of naval 1 • 27 • ' ' •' t •• • • ' ' • ' • oi • •• ·· ' - 3 ··· se' qoing 'tests were performed while ship was '2 · under way for shakedown cruise Jan 30 1969 through Feb 10 1969 ·· •'- · - ' _ ·' '- - · - - - 'it •• ·' - -- -- · ·4 • Summary Sixty-se en tests were performed in 'i · · three days at dock-side and ninety-two tests _ medical personnel Details will be included dn ·Dr Kubis' report Batteries of tests • included performance e g aiming depth ·· · perception etc and written procedures • '· · Also base-line physical exams were given '' • were performed at sea Forty-seven tests· · ' represented retesting of control material · · ·There were a number of disturbances regarding shipboard routine etc e g high noise levels P-A system interrupted activities in quiet ·room general quarters intrusions into i est areas due t o routines variable line voltage · ·· ''' which affected equipment · Three dock-side test days conducted by five-man team eight sea· · '· r · · • 'rR ·· r as b c i yt e h e g w 0 -' -· · · ·'it •·· · · p • ·5· - ·- ' ' ' • was · satisfactory and that· the interruptions were not significant Most test procedures were good 0 9 ·some were poor greater than a ·1 · ·· · ·- - • - -------· · -' ·i·Findings There were no significant differences • ' in the dock-side tests i e among groups ·· and there were no significant differences among · groups in the under-way tests i e about so percent showed some increases in performance ·scores and about 50 percent showed some decreases It was recommended that isolated power supply · • · for instrumentation be developed if further work _ ' ·is ·to· 'be done aboard ship · · ···· ·- · · · t · c · 0 • • ' -' ' #imri4 Utes of Pandora Meeting of 4 21 69 3 - I ABf9·· · - s · · l - JL r a· -ilr Bl 1 u I t' • I Mr Mark Grove reviewed the measurements and monitoring of shipboard radar levels The ship was swept re two primarl 6 I radiation sources i e SPS-30 S-band radar and SPS-43 f l1 tt I UHF search radar It was expected from a naval electronics - lab report that there might be greateb than 10m wjcm2 on at tkl r I 1 least SO percent of the surface of the deck data from destroyers d J Mr Grove and Dr Kubis were on ship at 't he same time but worked v'- - independently Used RAMCORE dosimeter H power meter with it 1 thermistOI'bridge re S- and from island tO bow 9 decks 4 I Find qs ase lev 16f cm 2 In no did measured exceed with radar operations at SO to 90 percent of u lization·rate Ranges of findings were in most cases less than 3 to 0 03 • · ·- d- - l lWjcm2 It was noted that verbal reports from shx board en- · O r Or gineers i e engineering center and ship's hazard group had ' indicated these findings It was suggested that sue reports had been made to the SEC c Discussion ' tJ S - 1 · Cover well - ' - iI 2 Aircraft radar and HERO effects were discussed · Effects and indications wel 'e insignificant 3 Radiation from radar generators considered i e 50 to 100 ¥XI X-ray genel 'a tion from tubes Con- sidered that lead shielding was adequate I - t it · seve l 0 Oo · 5 • Blcod · studie from Saratoga crew were· discussed- · ·• · ' Colonel Johnson reported that twenty-one samples were recovered at San Juan Seventeen successful ' 0 OJ 4 · Mr Rubenstein indicated that there were excellent land-based radar sites which might be · il PJ ropr_i t e as study sites - _ ­ · cultures· obtained with 28S spreads photogi'aphed · These were coded for double-blind studies Code • ' ' not yet revealed Although two abnormalities were found they were regarded as in normal range _ - - 6 · Several discussions of genetic aberrations of cyte nuclei covered several areas - I I' rr ---rc _ tP t · leuco·- - • _ - · · · - · a Colonel Brady's three monkeys exposed to date at Walter Reed thirty days to special signals - One of these was the initial one showing 1 · •· abnormal chromosomal changes Plan now is to ·cf · · _ get samples during exposure and with larger y ··•·· • · · · 1 story considered appropriate and 1 0rk Robert Stone · ·· I' grou ofaorr - · •••nnur es of Meeting of 4 21 69 Page -4 ···t • c b Dr Pollack reported the studies of Dr Jacobson at George Washington University who has studied ·· ycung women returning from embassy in Moscow State Dept contract One hundred forty blood samples were examined over a four-year period of time These specimens were identified only ·· by code numbers Four of these reportedly · showed serious chromosomal abnormalities ·· • -Colonel Johnson reviewed these reported find ings with Dr Bender of Oakridge The latter · expressed the opinion that the evidence was ·· '-based upon weighted data which may not be ac- · epta b e a e- perts i the field · · ·' t l 1 ' 1 _tioitt_w N Rttl tt'IM 'a 1-nwt--a-t t ' ' ·'' ··· · c Dr Johnson described the general character of ' · ' · · ··c11romosomal abnormalities re probabilities · ·· · ' stillborns mongolism chemicals and drugs ··· · ' · · etc It was described that while bone marrow • '· testicular tissue · etc might be better tissue · · · _ _ ' - _ ·· · • ·· · · ··0 % · · · · f lli tdiF i j - '_ were of 'Korean and WW II veterans relative to · •· ··- ' ' · the incidence of mongoloid children born to them · ·· · - · _·'It was concluded that the earlier study was ·not · · J well designed to reveal data regarding current ·- ···· interest • ·study indicated that eighteen of· · · · ·· - · · twenty-five mongoloid children had fathers who · had been exposed to radar It is now proposed · I · · to expand t he study in Bkaltimofre anhd possibdly · · ·' in Washington It is 1i ely rom t e inci ence and population-of mongolism that the number'-' '· ·· cannot be increased beyond SO percent ' i e -· twenty- -five to about thirty-six ·· It was · suggested that th e original twenty-five and · addi tional·cases should be studied in detail · · · · · ' 'i ·e · cytogenetic 'studies of testicles and· ·· - ·· c _· · ·'- ' · · •·lymphocytes It is ·also concluded that the •' · ' · · ·_ Y ' 't '' ' J study may not answer the question It was - ___ ' · ' ······ · ' ' - · · ·l roposed that the _study should cost $100 000 · · · ·• · · ·· - ' · ·- $50 000 from ARPA and $50 000 from NIH · The ' · · ·· · - ······ · objective should be to validate the earlier · · ·•' study i e cross-validation seems appropriate · The st udy may be regarded as in three phases ' '· · · · Phase 1 may be supported 'Later phases should· · ' · · ·· ·not be funded unless Phase 1 defines an appro· · ·· · ·i' priate study i e ' a milestonedecision should · -· · · - t ··· --- ¥ • ' ' ' - ci jh· il t 1 i r 1 · · etailed Minutes of · · if' · · Pandora Meeting of 4 21 69 Page 5 i WJ Aa a 1' D'ilfl ·- -' · Sms i sr 'T n_ it ·ttEfn J 7 General discussion concluded that additional work is required to investigate whether or not appropriate radiation levels and type have genetic effects on man Shipboard versus land-based studies were discussed 'It was concluded that land-based radar studies sr uld be seriously considered and planned if appropriate Details of George Washington University study were lacking to the group 8 Dr Brazies' New Orleans studies on material sent from Walter Reed are not completed as yet Contractor does not know what the exposure is·nor in which animals Does know that it is microwave ·· He reported that one monkey exposed to special ' signal showed significant changes in the auditory and visual cortex but not in deeper structures He is now studying two other monkeys and four dogs These reports are due this year · ' · It was concluded that the contractor should be urged · to proceed as rapidly as possible i e with ·urgency ' ··- ' · 9 i__ It was concluded that more animals should be exposed and studied There was discussion of the new facilities developing at Walter Reed They are expected to be completed soon 10 · Contract with Dr Ross Adey reviewed Adey's studies have been concerned with modulated A M 3 to 10 cps and C W 4 6 2 v meter and Sband radar modulated with EEG He is continuing ·monkey studies regarding EEG and reaction-time · He has a contract with Northrup for the study of reaction times in electrostatic fields It is felt that although Dr Adey's work is not directly concerned with the important questions of tne ef ' fects of VHF on CNS function and that of exciluJling the electrical effects as artifacts his· 1' 0rk is · related to the general field of the effects of radiation and CNS function Also he is assisting Walter Reed with EEG evaluation and data processing Current level of support is about $135 000 annually It was concluded that Dr Adey should be informed that his own priorities-and work trends are not entirely matched with those of ARPA Although his work is related to the general field and is of considerable assistance to the Walter Reed effort it is thought that his support might be phased out in a ·year or two after the Walter Reed facility is better developed · - ·· · · -·· · ·' ' Detailed Minutes of Pandora Meeting of 4 21 69 6 ll A contract already funded by ONR with New England Institute for Medical Research Dr Heller was reviewed It was suggested that the·content of this work is not directly appropriate to this subject although that institute has a micro wve facility 12 A contract with the Milton Zaret Foundation of Scarsdale New York was reviewed Contractor ·· also uses facilities of Brooklyn_ Polytechnical Institute Work primarily in 700 p p s J ··lO u • ·' sec range Is attempting to confirm or r·epro duce Myrra Czechoslovakia work i e production of differences in heart rate at subthermal levels This review was for information · · 1 · 'i3 · Othe contracts were also reviewed · · rdaru o£ John - opkins in A - ··· ' a D L M · ' • C W S-band frequency work on monkeys - ' ' - _ '• ' ' -·· - · --- '- •' - ·- ' ' _ 'i · • 16 • The priority of questions of interest to ARPA was ·' ·· discussed It was reiterated that the elucidation · i of the Moscow Signal remains as a high priority · · ··question within the general field of the effects of microwave radiation on man in order that safety ·' standards may be rationally developed It was ' ·· '' ·_ ·also noted that aside from the work of Dr Jacobson - there was apparen tly no other relative work being • · · conducted by Fed · s · · · · · ' · I t is' ·r' garded that the new facility providing three·chambers and data processing including Hewell Packard general purpose computing record and reproduce capability for time series coherence cross - and auto-correlations etc and real time capability will be ready between mid-June and August ···· _ ' est that'current f d g in the area ' is $500 000 outside and $200 000 in-house does - - not include reconstruction and development costs at W alt_er Reed or computer facility · · c Dr · Justison Kansas City Missouri using· · microwave Tappin oven is studying hypnot r and ·· soporific effects of low power level micro waves It is thought that the geometry of the · ·• · ·· · oven may provide higher power levels than · · · predicted · · · · - - ' ·· ·• · · 14 It was c - ' '• • ' ' ' Snyde ··of J s Ho ki tudy ing Sol · · neuropharmacological effects e g turn over rates of norepinephrine and serotoni _· __ •• ·· 1 ·-- ·- ·---·- '--·-- _ _ · ''---- -- j ' · I • • • Detailed Minutes of Pandora Meeting of 7 c n f · · -ffif j · II 17 ·• I ··•··· The need for information on humans in addition to the accelerated animal studies at Walter Reed was emphasized Therefore it was urged that the Walter Reed facility develop a human program and start immediately to develop Phase 1 i e to develop a plan and protocols • a Suggested putting the human aspect into the Pandora program rather than in the Walter Reed stress program b Estimated that human subjects would be required for six to eight months and that they could be obtained from Ft Dietrich c COntrols should also include as many variables as possible including IQ memory and performance testing Control period should be less than sixty days One or more should go through the entire procedure without exposure and one or more with alternating exposure plan Study should be double-blind with protection of eyes and gonads Shielding of testicles is recommended · d Panel would like to review protocol before enactment 18 Land-based radar station human study program should be developed to replace or supplement any onbeard studies at sea _ Respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson Chairman me ···'· Date Typed - May 16 1969 i i·· -