Heµroour 1rom lhe Unciassilicd Declassified Hold igs of lhc National Archives DEC LASSI Fl E O w '2 lLO S i- 1hori•y THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHIN GTON D C 20301 S uoj C1 Hcqulr cn1enl ti for Spa c ' iu r v 11 1 Jlai i U I • Re ren c c u 1u1 ch to - m ¢ n 1 0i- 1 nd1 tJ' A l r the Du · c tor I f h1 ft r11 •i l H ea»ca r ch il i'l i n pne -cr n - date t 1$ i r cb 19 1 a1 l jectt Up ttr itiorn i C on Tt r U ¢ pI tCQ D t O' ' ltOn t1-fld l racki D yut a-1 rS • i • 1 6 I w h tch requt f llC that ClNCNOl1 -'H CINCC·NAD t1u i • l ir 'fl u ud futi u ua111 r rc-qr Alrf 1n t to th• 5 - H r t n ry of ' a fona th rough ib 1 J oi n1 C11i c h o f t a £ for r v iew alld a- Jt r ov 11 1 ·k '-J b J CS ' -4 l ••-61 at ui 9 Ju ni 1 1161 oat J 'd •J qua' WH· • t il for S1 atr elcdio n an l ' r c kin y 1H• rn - t ni p ·n v M I il · ' l J·• If 11 · ll • Cl NCNO R f- t coovont d 'I wor-Lcl •• '1'id uactrB' c m-iic cn · 17 • ' Nover Jb 196••• or tho JJ Ut' OS t o co pUlog l'3f J r- i c i s a v t upm tt l tlu 1·11-q1 h•emcn lli ior a spai i lotcc tl on and t r 3 • ki u j 'f tllCn i· •viot Vi y 3-u'b rnitt't' t' t hrc ullJll Uae Joint C hi - l o of St H r ofor rm - ' l a b ov f rosu 11 c f th1 1 OJU@l' l'H tl CIN Nc n t r ha a ccm p Lku 11c1 ua' r Utl -r l to t lw Joif t Cb Hifs tJf 5tafi NGHAO quo litat ve r et1ii 1· me nt for a s r - i eN1 1ctir in ii nd tr ck ng $ rst m N iR-2-65 tor 'Jthci w th a or- Us m of ll uisei· ro q11ixern c1n fc r etu pu t fat a 3 1 h t C I NC NCR t' D statement o q alitati v c r •f i r en- r nt NO J 6 1 a wl th - o 'k pil nH01 0£ J-t Hll l' r i - q 1ircmonts f a· •ii r · tn1or rn atlon • ·•Pt n l ·es • nt i g b ttl to• n r forward4 in o - l 1· lh J t th1 De h c ti· n a r f'i i r 11 1 k ti f _ s teUtt Jtc l o H C'l c 1i'orkiu J Grm1p · • h t • om d • er Hv r EO 12958 i' ' tl 'J 'I - • · I' •• ' ' ' - _ Nr X - --· j P I i Soc De r Cc•11t 3 ' '1 ' u -O60 3 l J 7 l C 6 • EXEMPT FROM AUTOMATIC DECL RG 330 I • • t • Jil - I Hcproduc--·l from the Unciassilied Occlassilicd Holdings ol lhc National Archives DECLASSI FIED A 1hori1y_ NW ii S prio1· to flnal r i v ic· v l h Joint Chi 1fs o Staff wtthho u Jud p nent of he apeci t c rl quircu ontD pendlni th l lit ult of thorough malysls Upo-u comr letion of this ans ly s le p rior to l A 1rH l 9bS th J• i nt C hi Cs of Staff w ill furnish their vJ ws regar Hng thor 1 cipe i ic rctqnirem0nte or an bnproved spa co detec tion aml trr 1ddn g G $terr and wHl reeommlllnu in aas1gm e·til -of d v ' ' lopm1 mu 1 rHnpom1 bUity For the J o nl C h h f oi S tai1 IGNED L J K I RN Rear Ad miral USN Depllty Dlrt Ctor Joint Sta fl Heproducr·l lrom the Unclassified Dcclassilied I lold1ngs of Ille National Archives D ECLASSIFI ED A 1thori1y NW'2 lL' 5 APPENDIX A U NORAD QUALITATIVE REQUIREMENT FOR A SPACE DETECTION AND TRACKING SYSTEM N 2-65 I ·- ·L ·- - -i _ L__ _ -· - - -- Append 'x A r q Hcprocluec 11I from the Unclassified Declassified Holdi11gs of the National Archives DE CLASSIFIED Auibori•yJ W -z i 5 SECURITY 1 Thi s document i s classified SECRET in accordan e with parag raph 2-4 AFR 205-1 an d CAP 425 transported stored safeguarde d It wi l l t 0 and ac co unted fo r as directed by AFR 205- - 1 AR 380-5 OPNAV In truction 551 0 lB CAP 425 CAO 255-1 an d CBCN 51-1 2 This document i s classified SECRET since it di s cusses space d etection and track g d e fic i encies an d states r equirements to correct these de ficiencies wh ich affect the n at i onal d efense of th e United States within the me a ni ng of the Espionage Laws Ti tle 1 8 USC Sections 7 93 a nd 794 T1e transmission or r evelation of its conten ts in any mann er toan unauthorized person is prohibited by law 3 This document contains informat i o n aff e cting 1- 1e nati o n al d efen ce of Ca n ada The imprope r o r un a uthoriz 2 d di sclosure of thi s i nfo r mation is an offense under the Official Secrets Act 4 Recipients of thi s docume nt will a fford it nn c its va riou s parts a d egree of classification a nd protectio equivalent to t hat required by the o r i gin ator 5 Permission is g r anted to reprodu ce this documc1t i n wh o le or in part provided appropriate s ecurity measL r e s are observed 6 Destru ct i on of t h is docwnent wil l be accompli shed in accordance with pertine n t Service regulat io ns and inst1uctions 2 App ndix A l eprodu ci lrom the Unclassrlied Dcclassilicd Holdings of lhe National Archives DF C LASS IFIED 1- i S 1 t il1ori1y lW NQR 2-65 HEADQUARTERS NORTH AMERI CAN A IR DEFENSE crn MAND Ent A Lr Fc rce Base Coli rado U NORAD QUALITATI VE REQUIREMENT fi'OR t SPACE DETECTION AND TRACK I NG SYSTEM I S FOREWORD A The long title 0 £ t hi s document is NORAD Qu al · tative Re quirement Ior a Space De t ect i o n and Track i ng System PADATS B The s h ort· t it l e of this document i s NQR 2-65 C This NQR has bee n prepared in support o f NORA D Obj ectives Plan 1966-1975 NADOP 66-75 D This NQR s upersedes NORAD docum ·nt Requi rcme i ts for Space Det ectio n a n d Tracki n g Sys tem - Impro ved SPADA'l'S IMP U dated 7 Apri l E 1961 submitted to JCS on 20 Ap r i l 961 The Sp ace De t ection and Tracki ng Syst em util i es a l l ava i la ble sensor i n fo r mat ion which can cout ribut e t o sp ce defen s e and supports UniI ied Specified and other Comma ds scientific e ndea v ors and national opera t i ns iu s pace a requ ired This system includes sensors communications el e c tronic data processi ng e quipments and f acil i ti es h a n g roles in space o b ser vations F Ter mino logy This termino l ogy is defined for use in this NQR only 1 Ci r cui t First - Th e orbi t o f a space obj let from p oint of inj e ction int o o rbit u n ti l i ts return to he poin t of injection i n that orbital pla n e 3 M M I 1 1 i Appendi · A Heproducact from the Unclassified Declassified Holdings of the NationJI Archives D E CLASS IFIED l1lliority __N --z _i S 2 Cooperating Sensors - Thos8 s ensors which are not under the o perational contro l of CINCNORlW but which p ·ovide data to SPADATS u sually on a non-i n terfere nce basis '3pecial agreements which specify the deg-ree and me t hod of coope_ · ation are made b y NORAD or by compo nent conunands at NORAD dL•·ection with the organization which operate the sens ors 3 Detection - The determina ti o n that a spac object e xi s t s in sp ace 4 I d e nti f i c ation - Th e d e termi nation of th · nat ional ownership and the p oint o f origin of a det e cted space o b ject • 5 - Mission Assessment - The d etermination of the specific fun ct ion s t hat a foreign s p acecr aft is perf o i ming or i s capable of performing 6 Mi sion Assessment Quick Look - That pre liminary mission assessment which is performed in the early phas e s of the space object's fl i ght usu ally on th e bas i s of partia l or incomplete informatio n 7 Negation - The act of cond 1 cting appropri c te de- fensive measures to nullify the threat p ose d by a forei gn Negation is a general term which includes a ll satellit e actions taken which would preclude a spacec raft from suc essf ully accomplishing its desi g nated missio n Thi s inclu ci2s kill disruption of key subs yst e ms of th e s pacecraft p a3 sive measures to deny specific information to re c o nnaissanc e spacecraft e t c 8 Spacecraft - A s pace object either manned or un- manned which i s placed into orbit to perf o nn a speci£i c mission frequently called a satellit e or payl o ad Apr endix A Heproducoct lrom the Unclassified Decfassilied Holdings of t11e National Arc 11vcs SECRET 9 llthori1 y_NV '2l_°15 Space Object - An _v mnn-ma le ol j e ct which i s i n i uc l ud i ug s pac ec1·af t space D EC LASSIFIED decoys expend 1 d boosters a1 d d ebris IL S S TATEMENT OF REQUIREMENT A NORAD requ ires an ea rly detection tracking and orbit d e termina t i on cap a bl l i ty on all sp ace ob jects Thi - rC'qui r emen t includes approp riate da t a proc e -- s1ng t o p e rmi • identify ing space objects determining thei mi ssion an d supp o rting th e space operat ons o f the U S an d it s al l i e I capability to discharge t h i requirement j s basi c t o th •' production ot inf o r mation required Ior 1 The support of measures to nq a te th e spac e raf t 2 Oth e r military commands to tak e appr o priat e mission me asur es t o protect th e ir forees from t he threa t posed b y foreign spacecraft 3 Supporting Natiunal spa c e opc r a1 ions 4 Providin dat a essent i al to h e evaluation 1f fo r eign s p ac programs and capabllities 5 B Providing data to s upport sc i nt ifi c resear h In addition to s upp o rting th e NORAD space d efen1e objectives established i n NADOP 66-75 l October 1 64 1 t h Ls NQR suppor ts the CONAD space defe n se mJss io 1 as assig11 d 1 n J CS SM 1 400-6 J 20 Nove mber 1963 Subj Eict Unified C onun c• 1d Plan C Th is r eq uirem ent i es talJlislied t o counte1· the t hr e at p os tulate d in th e cttrren t NOH AD Int e l l i gence fo r P lannini NORIP Appe nd X Heproduccd from 111c Unclassified Declassified Holdings of the National Archives DEC LASSIFIED -U 5 Au1hori 1 y_ The presen t syst em mu s t b e improved to pro ·i cle timely d e ecti on an d wa rning and l o pro vid e suffi ci e ntly a c ' u rat e data f o r mi s sion as s essme nt a n d weapon support I II U MISSION T h e mi ssion o f th e NOHi D Sp aee De t c c · ' i on and Tra clcing System j_s t o detect track an cl i dent i fy all nan ma d e obj ects in spac e in o r der t o suppo r t Lile NORJ D CONAI• COC by providing the inf ormati o n bas ic to CI NCNORAD CINCONAD d e c ision s i n s pa ce opcr a ti ons rnd to s uppo1· 1 • t h e r equ iren e nt s of ot h er u s e r s IV - - - S SYSTEM DESCRI PTION A Genera l 1 Present a USAF SPACE'r RACK The curre n t USN SPASUR NORAD SPADA'r s y stem ub lize _ the and RCAF Satcll i t e Tr acki n g Jn i t syst e ms and coo p e rati ng s e nsor s s u c h a s se l e c t ed sen sor s of the Nation a l Test Ranges and NASA b Th e i nformation gat hered b y SPADATS s e n ors i s f o rwarded to the NORAD SPADATS Ccnt e1' t h r·ou g h which CI TCNORAD e x e rc ise s ope r a tional cont rol of the sy s t em c Th e SPADATS Ce nter an in teg r al part o f th e NORAD COC f orwa rds orbital el eme n ts and other signif j_can information o n spac e obj ects to o t her u s er agenc ies as r qui r e d d The SPADA TS Ce nter i s th e NORAD cont r o l agency which t ask s t h e compon e nt sys t e ms for specif i c d ata a nd s i r ve s a s t h e foca l po int fo r all NORAD spac e s e nsor o pera ti ons 2 F u ture Sp a c e Def ense Center 1DCl a With 'SEM1the 6 SDC as an integr l p art App e n c i · A Hcproduced from the Undass1licd DcdassirlcrJ Moldings ol lhc National Archives D EC LASS IFIED A 1thuri1 y_ W o -z i- S the NOH AD COC the NOR AD Sp ce De l ec t i 1 1 a nd Trncl in sy s t em will support the functio n s o f the Spact D0 fem e Cente1 SDC and t h e SPADATS Ce nter will b e come an e LE·ment of the E· C b Opera Linn al c n ntr •l l t t c s ystem wi ' l f The crvicc C mpon c nt s exercised by CINCNORAD Lin o ugl the lDC and c oop er ating- agencies will be ta1 Jced to r en s nr s t a s k ed dir0 ct l in u 11t L- H bo sensor cla t or r e p m1se L CINC- nc y I l1 th e i g h c n st o f ' Jaco NORAD and u ser rcqui1·emcnt _ B Bas ic C6nsidcration 1 NORAD recogn l z e - thu t t ens or sys tems the l o n g· lead Lime Dssoc 1a t ed with th e r d evelopmen t and the pres e nt lack oj agr • · rnent on defi · i t1 on - of the threat have a gre it i n J'JuRne • on •' 've l opment a 1 as well Jec1 si ons as on operati onal planning improvements have been time-phased ti threat and to mini1ni e Lhc iwpac t o f 111P 1 I an i nc re a i- t g car d Lal e xpcndit u e s v u any one fl seal period 2 Near term lmpru v emcnt i b i l H66 Lo t he r e cnt sen sol' ystem must correct t h · major e x · n g d 'iicie l e i n c0verage an d sensor capabiliti e s b 0 pro v ided fo r k nown sites an A d eL0 tion capabi l t y must 111 So v iet s p a uc vcl 1icl J System a t ur t h n lev J increasing number of svacc objects l aunched fr o pres ently raise d t cope with mt•· b e f llese capabil i ieo must be primarily oriented toward detect ng and keepin track Ap· endix A Heprodu d from the Uncfassificll_ Declassified Holdings o1 tile National Archives DEC LASS I Fl 1 D Authority_b i t L2 _ i S of space objects in ear th orbit wi t l1 o0 n ear-polar rbi t inclinations 3 Later improvement s 1966- 1 97 0 must expa11d the system coverage to include a u nches f r om c ountries o- her than the USSR orbita l p a t h of any i n J J ll t ion great y increa s ed altitudes spacecraft and t he abili t y t o co1 r' with maneuv ring· 1 Appropriate e lem e nt s 0f th e ·- ystem must b ' designed to support active sp ace dc C'n c systcmi c c r t he f utu re System Quali tati v c _l_t quircment 1 Au tomat ic- d rtn processi ng · n t ers and a r etwork of sensi n g d ev i ces with appropri at e rnt om 1t1c dnta processi n g equipment s located in the prope r eogr a p h i cal locat ion s are required to detect and track a ll - puc e ol• iects and to c e term ine the mi ssion of all spacecraf t pri o r t o tln· c ompletion cf the a Un i fied or Specif i ed first circuit or pri o r to f i rs t pass ov e r whi c h cv ·1· com e s Conunand 's area of respons i b i l Lty fir st The specifications listed below appl y a Altitud1n- CovP r 1 gc 1 T o p e rm i t t ' lie l'o ll owing 1l titudes c nga g e nH'n L of hos ti le s pace- craft by envisioned weapon s y stems By 19 6G 2 2 GOd NM 1966- l 9 7 0 - 20 00U NM Pos t 1970 - Gre 1 Lvt· than 20 000 NM To provide accur ate· tracking dat on highly ellipti cal orbi t s a s we l l a s n e a r-c u·c ular orbi t · This tracking coverage shoult l extend to 1 Le• maximum al L tude within the state of t be a rt of gTou nd i 1 a 11d space- b a ed sensor technology Appe 1d1x A r Rejjrtld0¢' 1 i Ornihc Onelassmea I D lassifielfflolcliiigs ol llicNalional Archives DEC LASSIFIED 1hori1y_ NW '2 lL°I S _ ·t•s cl Le i on and u 1 udin T h e p h ysic al s i ze of spacecc·o J t - •n 11 1 1 y according ass Lp n 'd mission 1 Ill as w- 11 as other 1-1n1 t o a-· n •--' 1 o wn JU t o t he p•Jt t enm o J observa- •r t r oi ap nf- ti c s p e ctrum tcln J' Cl'OSS SPCtion J'€ t1iremet1t cU•f i t • I t I I bnsed o n the pred ic t'd _fjovl ct c n· b r d 1r cro - s sccti 1Lt 1 f 1 --r t t •1 to re duce he apparent a 1' 1·ecast recluctlon tie 1 1 ' n 11 in actual physica l S JoCe o - • ✓ ·· wlth rudar absorbent mutc_J cHpnbi J i ty by opticc 1 L i and l C •111p irablL dci f'c ti on d P1· cscnt Post 97 _ • DU · ' c · - ·'ii n d str m prouanility of dctect i 01t 1 -- t- l 6 5- J 9 ' -' l Orbita 1 inclinatt ni1 C'' 1 11 P f 1 ' • I• r P s t 10' 0 All Al l 95 95 Probability of Detection Pr i or Lo Completion o-C First Ci rcui 1st Pass Over Un L-· f ied SpPc j_ f i r•il Command i rPcJ Over North l11neric '11 I • 999 ' id - Appendix A t cprodu tram me unctass1t1cd I ucc1ass1t1cd Holdings ot tnc Nat1onat mcmvcs OECLASSIFlF D At11hority__ JN_ J -5 ct C t d o g Acc ur acy - B as id o n t i me o f ar r i va 1 at a calculated poin t i n the o rbit p l ane i s 15 Sec Pres e n t Post 1970 e 3 Se c 1 Sec Wea po ns _Support - S u p por t we apon sys tems and projec t -- • viLll 3 s i gma a c cur acies on other spet i a i t he or de r of 1 0 NM along tr ac k and of 0 5 NM c ro ss t r ac k and r adia l l y t hrough t he pos t-1970 time pe ri od f S eac t J 0 1 Ti me - De t e rmine orbi t al elemen t s of se l ected spacec r af t with t he a ccura c y ind ic ated in par agraph IV C 1 e above for wea pons mplo y ment wit h i n the f ollow i ng time pe riod s By 1967 4 h o urs 1D67 --1970 Less t h a n 4 hour s Post 197 0 Mini mum requir ed for wea po ns s upport g S p ac e Popula tion - The space o bj e c t p o pulat io envi r onment wi th which t he s ystem must cope wit hi n s p ec i fie d a c c uracies is 5 000 Ll y 1970 Sys t e m p r o po 3 als t o 3 a t i sfy NORAD r e q uire me n ts must hav0 a gr owth capability i n he r e nt to th e i r desig n Growt h p o te n ti a l s ho uld be s uffic i e nt t o al low as many as 1 0 0 00 spa c e obj e c t 2 a Tl1e S1 1cL D1 t c t i 1 11 and 'fracl ing Systen1 mus t a Prov ide a cc ura te pre dictions o f spa c e c r af t p o s L t ions t o pro d u e ta q 8 U n r data f or intercep t 10 opera ti o ns Appendj x A ieproou o rrom me unc1ass111co uccrass111eo nororngs or me aoonar Atcmvcs D£CLASS IFIEO - --2 i S t thority and se lectBd o b s e rva i c ns r u eqnent to spacecraft i ntercept actions t n assess the results b Provide epheme ri s dat a a n d acqu isi ti o n in- o uat ion on Lunar and d e ep space vehi c les c P rov ide dec a y and re-entry pr e diction in- d P ov i Jc 0arliest warning of nnd information f ormation conc e n1lnf deo rbi ting spucccra f t to weapons complexes and to other users as app ropria t e c Oe t Jr 11Li P ' ol'ta t c hanges wl thin one peri o d aft er occurrence f I nc l ude de vices or t e c h n iques to permit re1-iable operati o n wh m subjected to enemy countermeasures g Contain t he means for exercising the system to ascertain its e f f ective ne s s for traini ng personnel and for calibra ti o n while concurr ent ly conducting no rmal operations h I11teract with future launch detection and o ther warnfng systems t o in urc maximum use of a ll a vai l a ble information for sensor o nd s yst e m al ert i Possess the a bility t o p r ocess and transmit data WJ t h in th e s y s t e m in s ufflcl e nt t i me to enable sen sors to be f ul ly utillze d t o a c iju ir c data on s pace objects j Exp loi t tile c apabilit y of sensors o r facili - 1 ies c 1ssud at o wich u 1L1_i t i mis ilc defense systems o r with s pace systems to d e t ec t aEr t t r 1ck sp ace obj e cts integrati n g d ·-1 r' Append i x A ·i' · - -t ·1' • - · I f· l eproduceo trom the unclass1llcd occtass111cd Holdings ot me Nauona1Arcn1vcs i I sncl1 l 'l1 l i' ' ·i r n -tC i l l t i r ' wi t d n System where app ropri 1te k or s e nsor or faC' il i ties d esigned to support d e ep space opr rati ons cxvJ 0ii t hci r capabil j_ ty t o c ontribute to the dctecttng ' l nd tradd ng of s p a ce object s i nt egrating such sensurs oi f 1ci Li i i ' ' ·· • i 'l' hln l1e SPA DAT System where appropriate l 3 Provide for cont i nuous syst e m operation Alternat e Co111putation Faci li ty F ac iliti e s i s are r Pqnired for th e Space Detectio n a nd Tracking System Ce nt e r in order to provjde reli a bil i t y and c ontinuity of operation maintaiu app l'i sal of th • Space s ituatio n and pro vide adequate compu t t io11a l r0suurces t o insure peak l oad p roduction of SPADATS products V S AVAILABILITY A The i mprqvem n t o pe0sent system c 1pabiltties and the deve l opment a nd dc1 i luymc1n of n w s y stems mu s t p r ogres s in a p hasi 'd re I ation sh lp with i n c ceasing fon ig n space activity Meeti n g the time phasc l system requirements outlined i n paragraph IV C will provide l An approf riat _· e 1_p ibi l i t y to detect tra de and a ssess the 111i ss ion o C pacc •craft whic h could pose a threat to CINCNOHAD's a r e a of respon si bi lily in the 2 A cap 1bi lity i 0 1 lfiJ l near futu r e t h e NORA D responsibilities This capability Appendix A t eproouw i trorn the Unclassil1cd tJcclassilied Holdings ol t11c Nat on I l rcntvcs l F CLASS fflED Al thority N L'l-i_d __ S must k eep pace with the inc rease i n f oreign s pace activity potential VI S EMPLOYMENT The Space Detection and Tracki n g Syst em includes al l compon ent sp ace sensors and sensor sy s tems and is e mployed under the centi·ali ed control of the Commander-inWhereve r ope n 1tion a lly feasible sensor data is Chief NORAD processed and filtered at th e observations 011 s011 sO1· sl tc Selected sensor space o bj e i_ ts a r Lransmitted to the NORAD Space Defense Center f or pro c e s s i ng Inf o rmation obtained from thi s system contributes t u a q u i ck l o ok miss ion assessment This syst em is an int egral p irt of the NORAD space defense system and p ro vides accurat e and timely data for t h reat assessment and weapons e mp l oyment FOR THE COMMANDER-I N-CHIEF ill M MAGEE Major Gen e ral USA Chief of Staff JAMES W FEARS Lieutenant Colonel USAF Director of Administrative S e r vices Appendix A t eproduQ l lrom the Unciass1hed Dcclass1hO l Hoklmgs 011ne Nauonal Arcruvcs DJ CLASS IF1£0 Authority_blfil l 5 APPENDIX B USEH REQUIREMENTS FOH SPADA'TS INFORMAT ION 1 S De t ec tion of New Foreign Space Obj ects Thi s r e qu i r e men t is for notificatiou of initi al dete ction d uring first c ircuit o f any foreign spacecraJ t la unched on any inclination Initia ll y thi s requiremen t must be limited Lo l aunc hes fr om the Soviet l and mass A additio na l nation s achie ve s pa ce capabilities t he re qu il'emen t will be ex panded It is r ecognize d t ha t t he ful l re quirement cannot be salisf ied immediately however it is n basic r e quirement to the NORA D miss ion an d f undamental to t h e interests o f other Unified an d Specified Comma nders The re qui rcmc·n l there fore is con ti nuing i n nature and must be sati s fied ex pt ditiously w S Eval u ated Cha L·acteristics of Foreign Space Objec t s An e va luale d eslimate of lhe physical and behavi o r al characte r istics t hat can be inferre d from an nnalys i s of observable signa t ures f rom SPADATS se nsors The esti ma te should inc lude i n f orma tio n o n s i ze s hape c onfiguration La b ilizat ion mot i on re la ti ve to ce n ter of gravity and orieutation 3 · C Evaluate d Characteristics of U S Space Ob j ects An e v a lu ate d es ti ma te o f t he physical a nd be ha viora l character i s tics t ha t c an be in fer red f r om an analys i s of o bser vable s i gna t ures from t he SPADATS sensors Th is information will be prov ide d on a r e quest basis i n support o f NASA l aunches t o co n f i rm or mon ito r ve h i cle pe r f orm a nce and to assis t in deve l o pme n t of a spa ce s i gna t ures cata l og 4 S Mission Assessment of Fo r eign Spacecraft An a ssessme n t ba se d o n al l a va ilable in fo r mation f r om operational and intellige n ce sources I nitially the r equire ment wi l l in- cl ude on l y Soviet spa cecraft As additional nat i ons achieve space-la unch c a pa bi l i t ies the re qui remen t wi 11 expand to include additiona l forei g n po wers A q uick look missio n assess me n t uti l izing avai lable information must be provided dur ing the first circuit 5 S Space T hreal and Situation Wa 1·ning Threat warni ng wi ll be disseminate d concerning evaluatio n of a s pace threat as it pertains to the North American Con Linent In addl tion warning o f space situations which might pose a threat in other areas wil l be pro vide d t o the appropriate U S commanders 6 S Notif i cation of Active Space Defense Actions T h is n otific ation is dependent on an extension of necessa r y security c l e ara nc es to the un ified and specified commands and mi l ita r y dep a rtments 14 Appendix B t eproduc ' I Irom the uncIass1lied lJeclass1t1ed Holdings 01 the Nauonal Arcnivcs ' DECLASSIFIED AL1thority- '-N_J _ i _0-5 7 S Orbit Modification of Foreig n Spacecraft This require men t is to detect orbit mod ifications within one circuit and to notify appropriate agencies of the detected change Orbit modifications include injections into deep space fr om a p arking orbit maneuve rs and de-orbi t of a spacecraft The present capability to accomplish this function must be expanded in the growth and development of SPADATS 8 S Predictions of Spacecraft Decay and Re-Entry This function is relevent to catalog maintenance surveillance of forei gn space activity an d support of U S space and space defense operation s NASA has a unique requirement for predictions of the deca y and r e-e ntry of large space boosters in conjun ction with special NASA operations 9 S Orbital Elements on all Foreign Spacecraft Orb i ta l elements will be provided i n the standard SPADATS element format The information nee ded at present i s limited to Soviet spacecraft but should be ex panded as additional nations achieve a space operations capability 10 S Orbital Elements on all Spacecraft with Military Applications The information required i ncludes for e ign spacecraft as discussed in Item 9 plus Unit e d States com1nun ica t i ons navigational weather and geodetic spacec r aft with military applications 11 S Special Orbita l Elements for the Mi li t ary Community These e l e ment s are to be provided upon request for specific spacecraft and to a specified deg ree of accuracy The accuracie s specifie d in the NQR for space de fensi ve weapons sup port will satisfy the most stringent r e qui rements established by the U S commanders 12 S Special Orbital Elements for the Intelligence Community This requirement is limited to Soviet spacecraft initia ll y and must be expanded to other spac craft as a d ditional foreign nations achieve launch capability Specifically the r e quirement is for accuracies and timelines s as follows - nd 0 F irst Circuit 80 M - X Y Z Vel 45 me ers sec incl1nat1on 1 20 seconds at the time of lates t observat i on 1966-1970 time period 6 b f 1 second a rr ival in plane for payloads transmitting at frequencies above 900 MCS 1 Within 6 hours if not VHF 1966- 1970 2 Within 24 hours i f VHF 1966-1970 3 Prior to the q m J _letio n of the first circuit Post 1970 J 15 Appendix B DECLASS I FI IW l 1hurity_N qr J Note It is recognized that requirement a cannot be at i sfied without fii st ci rcuit d etection and a tracking capability on all inclinations and ca nnot be satisfied on normal Sino-Soviet inclinations without s i gnificant improv ement in automation of SPADA'rS data process ing Tl ese requ i r e ments must be fulfilled i f NSA is to s ati s fy pre s ent DIA levied requirements for telemetry col le e tion Tt e Post-1970 r cquire111e nt i s based upon the NORAD need for near re al -- time r ead out of a l l sig n ificant spacecraft d ata 13 S Deep Space Ephemerides for t he Intell i gence Community Specifically -tf -e-i·eq tiirement is for accuracies and time line ss follows as a Within 4 I ours after injection from a 65° parl ing o rbit with accuracy adequate to permit acq ui sition of s i gnals by s ensors with 0 5° beam width during period 5 to 10 hours after injection b Subsequent e pheme r i d es of equiva l e nt long as pay l oad is active accuracy as Note Thi s requirement is based upon DIA requirements for c ollectic of tecl1nical intell igenc e data from Sov iet lunar and deep space probe s 14 S Unclass i fied Orb i ta l Data in Supp ort of the Committee o n Space Research CO SPAR Orbita l d ata for t h is purpo se is r e quired by NASA i n t 1 e SATOR code In add i t i on to orbital data SP ADATS will also provide internationa l desig nators as required 15 U SPADATS Bulletins on Se l ected Fore i g n Spaceci-aft Bulletins inc l ude a statement o f orbital e l ements ascending nod e e quato r crossings and a c onversion gr i d for manually constructing orbital earth trac e s These bulletins are provided on specific r e quest only 16 U Acquisit i on Data Pointing information will be provided for s pecified sens ors and selected space objects upon request 17 U T rack i ng Support This requ i remen t involves tl1e use of SPADATS sensors and maybe on a pre-planned or an emergency basis in su pport of NASA and DOD space acti v itie s Normally such support involves only sensor observations but may also include computed orbital data when requil'ed 18 U SPADATS Box Score Information This is a periodic quantitative space objects b y nation or origin nearearth and deep space spacecraft and debri s summaryof ECRJ J J ai 16 Appendix B Hcproolltl'O 1rom tne unc1ass111cd Occlass1ttec1 Holc11ngs ot tnc Nauonal Arcnives - _ _ - ·- ---- - wowwww -- D i C L SS I FIED '1 -i l°l S i 11hu rity_ 19 C Space Orde r of Batt le This publication will inc lude a listing of all U S and foreign spacecraft of military interest The docwient wi l l consolidate within security l i mitations essential information on orbital c haracte ristics mission assessment of foreign spacecraft and mil itary capabilities of U S spacecraft It will be up-dated on a semi-mont hl y basis and will incl ude near-future sc hedules for U S space vehicles of a milita ry na t ure The publ ication wa s proposed by CINCSTRIKE and is endorsed by other U S commanders NORAD concurs in and is capable of producing s uch a publication 20 S Information on DOD Spacecraft Fre uency Utiliza tio n Pre -launc h information concerni ng DOD spacec ra t radiatin g in the following frequency spect rums a 136 000 MC to 137 999 MC b 235 0 and 237 8 MC c 400 04 to 402 0 MC d 1700 to 1710 MC e 1750 to 1850 MC f 2200 to 2290 MC 21 U Space Object Histories This requirement i s for a copy of t he SPADATS master catalog computer printout on orbital elements of all spacecraft and primary debri s s ince Sputn ik 1 in s ufficient de tail to permit scientific studies to support USN R D activitie s The in formation is currently available 22 S Space Ca talog on All Obj e cts in Space A compil at i on of data o n a ll active space objects sto red in t he NORAD Space Defense Center computer This ' lis tin g meets the NORAD r e quirement for main ten ance of a catalog on all objects in s pac e and enables NORAD to satisfy the user r e quireme nts outlined above SECRH17 Append ix B -B Lce _' j o _ v j I s USER REQUIREMENTS SPADATS INFORMATION n 51 l 0 0 'A J u 2 ·'2 0 -- - _ - 0 - -·-- - -- 0 z c z 1--4 u ' u tr I J z f4'-' 0 C 1-t 0 1 DETECTIONS OF NEW FOREIGN SPACE OB JECTS X X 2 EVALUATED CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN SPACE OBJECTS X X 3 EVALUATJID _CHARACTERISTICS OF U S SPACE OBJECTS 4 MISSION ASSESSMENT OF FOREIGN SPACECRAFT I ij g z C ' 1--4 u X 0 ' z ' Cl s 0 u u 1-t H z u z u A c z 4 C • z • r E-4 Cl E-4 8 ' u ti I c M u f30 X X X X X X i fl X X s SPACE THREAT 6 NOTIFICATION OF ACTIVE SPACE DEFENSE ACTION X 7 ORBIT MODIF ICATIONS FOR FOREIGN SPACECRAFT X X t rx1 0 z 00 X 3 X R 3 X R 3 X X X SITUATION WARNING 0 ti I X C X 0 c t X X X 2 2 X X X • I X X X X X X 1 co rl X X 2 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1 2 X 'g § 0 J X X B ' 8 8 PREDICTIONS OF SPACECRAFT DECAY RE-ENTRY X 9 ORBI TAL ELEMENTS ON ALL FOREIGN SPACECRAFT X X X 3 i ' 'O X 3 X X X C X X 3 6 0 l 10 ORBITAL ELEMENTS ON ALL SPACECRAFT WITH MILITARY APPLICATIONS CINCSO was not represented a t the confe rence and in formal response to NORAD request i ndicated no requiremants Y X R X X -''3 1 R Vf Vl LI ' n o0 w v1 c4 0 'fl z z -I rJ J ' - ' lu ·c i-- t c 9 E-4 C J C tll Cll z er·•' Q Cl z z 1-1 H C C c 0 C'll c z t-f c p xi t r x C tll C'll z c z M C C -- ' - - r • z c t E X X C i l Q X 11 SPECIAL ORBITAL ELEllENTS FOR THE MILITARY COMMUNITY X 12 SPECIAL ORBITAL ELEMENTS FOR THE INTELLIGENCE C'OMMUNITY X X X 13 DEEP SPACE EPHEMERIDES FOR THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY X X X 14 UNCLASSIFIED ORBITAL DATA IN SUPPORT OF COSPAR X 15 SPADATS BULLETINS ON SELECTED FOREIGN SPACECRAFT X 16 ACQUISITION DATA X R 17 TRACKING SUPPORT X R R 18 SPADATS BOX 800 U INFORMATION X X X 19 SPACE ORDER OF BATI'LE X 20 INFORMATION ON DOD SPACECRAFT FREQUENCY UTll IZATION 21 SPACE OBJECT HISTORIES X 22 SPACE CATALOG 01 ALL OBJECTS IN SPACE X ti I X 3 - ·---- · ' • X X X X R X X X 3 R R 3 X X X X X X R 3 R X 3 r5 5 z s cii X X X X X X X C 0 ' C s X 3 O 0 r C g in u ' OJ ro Cl O - u ' C a 5 s g C f' e C a ' l ' - -·· X X 3 X # i_ - 1 L l ' fl c t 91 ' -- 3l X REQUIRED BY USER u R UPON REQUEST -A J - -c 0 ON A REGULAR BASIS -- -· IgJ 2 5 ro 6 I i 'I 8 fil- z L_ r 1 ULTIMATELY THIS INFORMATION SHOULD BE AVA ILABLE TO FIELD ARMY COMMANDERS PRIOR TO FIRST PASS DURING WHICH A SATELLITE COULD PERFORM A HOSTILE ACT OVER THEIR AREA OF CONCERN 2 - - - - THE REQUIREMENT FOR THI S WARN ING IS QUALIFIED AS REQUIRED PRIOR TO FIRST PASS OF A HOSTILE SPACE VEHICLE OVER THE FORCES OF THE COMMANDS I NDICATED NORAD' S REQUIREMENT IS PRIOR TO FI RST PASS OVER THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT 3 - - - - INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO THE USAF SPACETRACK CENTER THROUGH JOINT SPADATS SPACETRACK ACCESS TO THE SPACE FUNCTION COMPUTATIONAL DATA BASE