r t “ j' ' David Gardiner 09 07 99 02 47 08 PM Record Record Type Type To To Record Record Roger Roger S S Ballentine WHO EOP@EOP Ballentine WHO EOP@EOP cc cc emissions on GHG stats on Subject Comparative Subject Comparative stats GHG emissions COP5 II have attached a set of charts that compares US emissions in To help further your thinking about COPS a variety of ways with other OECD countries I had this prepared to see if we could tell a good emissions story about the US relative to other developed countries The bottom line is NO We look badly in virtually every way that you can look at it Attached is are files containing greenhouse gas emission statistics as we discussed over the phone yesterday 8 31 99 You had asked for various statistics showing how U S emission trends compared with other developed countries primarily OECD I have included an MS Excel spreadsheet and the identical material in a PDF format The latter file may be easier to review The attached files includes several tables addressing a list of countries that was limited by data availability from national GHG inventory submissions to the UNFCCC Only those countries which have provided updated GHG estimates to the Secretariat have been included These data provide a time series of GHG emissions from all source categories from 1990 to 1996 Where available 1997 data was also included Also included with each table is a simple index to the year 1992 to show the trend during the 1990s A brief description of each table is given below capita Of the countries examined the U S ranks at the Emissions per capita bottom and exhibits and upward trend The U S rate of growth is somewhat faster than the average across countries Emissions per Dollar of GDP GDP The U S also ranks near the bottom but exhibits a downward trend though not as rapidly df lcli ing declining as the average across countries Emissions per Unit of Primary Energy Consumption The U S ranks roughly in the middle of countries examined and is slightly lower than the average across countries No specific trend for the U S or across countries is exhibited Emissions per Unit of Land Area The U S ranks better than the average across countries Because the area of each country is static an examination of the trend is not especially useful Ratio of Energy-related CO2 C02 Emissions to Aggregate GHG Emissions This statistic is essentially the percentage of total national GHG emissions that is accounted for by carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels The U S ranks as having slightly more emissions associated with energy consumption than the average across countries and shows no significant trend Carbon Intensity of Primary Energy Consumption This statistic is essentially a measure of how much carbon each country puts into the atmosphere for each unit of energy they consume The U S ranks slightly worse than the average across countries Neither the U S or the average across countries shows a significant trend Carbon Intensity of Economy Economy This statistic is a measure of the amount of carbon each country puts into the atmosphere related to energy consumption only for each dollar of GDP generated The U S ranks near the bottom for this statistic also a function of the energy intensity of the U S economy and the carbon intensity of our energy use The U S however exhibits a significant downward trend which is consistent with the average across countries These downward trends are primarily a function of the declining energy intensity of many economies I hope this information proves useful Please let me know if you have any problems accessing the files or if you would like more or less detail provided All of these tables could also be presented in a graphical form if it is preferred Additionally we can give you some more comparative information on the underlying sectoral efficiency productivity statistics and trends e g transportation-related emissions per unit of land area Unfortunately I do not have any technically credible measure of aggregate U S GHG emissions to put a better light on things Hopefully the attached data though at least puts perspective on the relative position of the U S and the measurable trends Again let me know if you have any questions Michael Gillenwater U S EPA Tel 202 260-8501 gillenwater@alum mit edu See attached file file Gardiner Summary xls See attached file Gardiner Summary pdf Summary pdf I11 ft - Gardiner Gardiner Summary xis Summary xls 111 1 - Gardiner Summary pd Summary pdf Comparative Statistics for Various Greenhouse Gas Emission-related Variables 1 1 September September 1999 1999 Emissions 2 CH 4 N 20 HFCs Emissions include include CO CO2 CH4 NjO MFCs PFCs PFCs and and SF SFe6 except except where where noted noted Emissions Emissions exclude exclude Land-Use Land-Use Change Change and and Forestry Forestry Countries ordered based on unindexed Countries ordered based on unindexed 1995 1995 data data Emissions Emissions per per Capita Capita MMTCE million MMTCE million people peopie Country Index Index 1992 100 1992 100 1990 1990 Switzerland Sweden Latvia Latvia France Austria Slovakia Greece Japan 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 6 2 7 2 1 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 6 2 6 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 3 8 2 8 2 8 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 3 2 3 2 3 5 3 5 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 7 2 6 2 6 United United Kingdom Kingdom 3 6 3 6 Norway Nonway 3 5 3 5 Germany Czech Czech Republic Republic Denmark Denmark 4 2 4 2 3 8 5 1 5 1 3 8 Netherlands Netherlands 4 0 Ireland Ireland 4 4 4 4 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 6 7 6 7 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 5 4 5 5 7 5 7 6 0 6 0 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 4 0 6 6 6 6 3 8 3 8 Belgium New New Zealand Zealand Canada Australia Australia United United States States Mean -- Data Data not not available availabie 3 0 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 7 3 7 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 9 3 9 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 8 4 8 4 0 4 0 4 3 4 3 4 5 4 5 5 7 5 7 6 1 6 1 6 7 6 7 6 7 3 9 3 9 6 86 8 6 7 Emissions Emissions per per Dollar Doiiar of of GDP GDP MMTCE $B GDP MMTCE $B GDP Country Country Switzerland Switzerland Sweden Sweden Norway Norway Japan Japan France Austria Austria Denmark Denmark Germany Germany United Kingdom United Kingdom Belgium Belgium Netherlands Netherlands United United States States Ireland Ireland Canada Canada Australia Australia New New Zealand Zealand Czech Czech Republic Republic Greece Greece Latvia Latvia Slovakia Slovakia Mean Mean France 1990 1990 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 06 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 13 0 13 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 12 0 12 0 15 0 15 0 16 0 15 0 15 0 16 0 22 0 22 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 21 0 21 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 20 0 19 0 20 0 20 0 19 0 20 0 21 0 21 0 21 0 21 0 21 0 21 0 30 0 27 0 28 0 28 0 27 0 27 0 30 0 27 0 34 0 34 0 27 0 27 0 26 0 26 0 29 0 28 0 28 0 29 0 29 0 29 0 39 0 39 0 35 0 35 0 35 0 35 0 45 0 45 0 40 0 40 0 40 0 40 0 35 0 35 0 22 0 22 0 19 0 19 0 20 0 20 -- Data Data not not available available • 1990 1990 real real dollars dollars unadjusted unadjusted for for purchasing purchasing power power parity parity 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 96 94 95 95 96 94 95 95 99 99 102 102 100 100 108 108 88 77 79 75 88 77 79 75 95 94 97 95 95 94 95 97 97 98 98 97 102 102 103 103 91 93 95 88 95 88 91 93 100 104 102 106 100 102 104 106 99 99 104 104 106 106 97 95 94 96 97 95 94 96 104 107 108 113 104 107 108 113 97 98 95 97 98 97 95 97 99 99 102 102 102 102 107 107 96 92 92 94 96 92 92 94 102 117 102 106 106 101 101 117 100 101 104 107 100 101 104 107 100 100 102 102 103 103 104 104 97 99 96 97 99 97 96 97 101 102 104 106 101 102 104 106 99 99 99 99 100 100 102 102 101 102 101 102 102 102 104 104 105 105 98 98 99 98 98 99 101 101 Index Index 1992 100 1992 100 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 97 96 96 98 97 96 96 98 102 97 102 102 102 97 104 104 102 97 97 102 100 100 97 97 99 99 104 104 104 104 96 94 93 94 96 94 93 94 98 96 99 99 98 96 99 99 101 102 94 101 102 94 107 107 100 96 93 93 100 96 93 93 95 90 87 86 95 90 86 87 101 102 101 102 100 100 104 104 100 101 99 101 99 100 101 101 100 98 97 98 95 95 100 98 97 98 97 93 85 80 97 93 85 80 100 99 99 100 99 99 101 101 96 92 91 90 96 92 90 91 94 89 86 86 94 89 86 86 - - 102 102 102 102 99 99 97 97 95 95 96 96 - Emissions Emissions per per Unit Unit of of Primary Primary Energy Energy Consumption Consumption MMTCE EJ Country 1990 Country 1990 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 Sweden 8 7 8 3 9 4 Norway 10 0 9 4 9 7 Switzerland 13 2 13 0 12 8 Canada 15 8 15 9 15 9 France 18 1 16 7 16 5 Belgium 18 5 17 8 17 8 17 2 Austria 19 2 18 1 18 1 18 1 Netherlands Japan Slovakia United United States States 18 6 18 6 19 4 19 4 18 4 18 7 18 7 19 4 19 4 18 5 18 5 - 20 5 20 1 20 1 United United Kingdom Kingdom Germany New New Zealand Zealand Czech Czech Republic Republic 23 1 23 6 28 4 20 8 20 8 22 3 26 9 Denmark Greece 25 3 28 9 Latvia Australia Australia Ireland Ireland Mean -- Data Data not not available available 19 1 19 1 21 0 21 0 21 7 23 9 24 3 26 1 23 5 34 7 32 3 44 1 - 28 9 29 3 30 4 30 4 38 0 27 9 26 8 31 3 37 0 21 6 21 0 21 5 1990 1995 1996 - 20 3 20 3 - Emissions Area Emissions per per Unit Unit of of Land Land Area MMTCE km MMTCE km-‘ Country Australia Canada Sweden Norway New New Zealand Zealand Latvia United United States States Ireland Greece Austria France Slovakia Switzerland Denmark Czech Czech Republic Republic United United Kingdom Kingdom Germany Japan Japan Belgium Belgium Netherlands Netherlands Mean -- Data Data not not available available 15 18 43 43 49 74 74 157 179 225 222 254 276 412 366 465 465 681 854 945 884 1 148 1 742 1 742 450 Index Index 1992 100 1992 100 1993 1997 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1997 100 104 104 104 108 108 98 99 96 99 95 99 98 97 99 97 100 100 96 101 99 100 100 94 98 97 93 98 92 127 95 105 101 101 107 109 - - 99 99 100 92 95 84 92 96 99 99 101 98 98 101 95 96 99 102 98 95 98 103 96 120 120 98 98 98 96 112 98 98 97 96 98 102 97 92 95 93 100 90 99 100 97 100 100 _ - Index index 1992 100 1992 100 15 19 16 20 44 44 48 50 74 74 52 76 76 79 84 189 195 236 234 237 243 237 259 263 272 279 279 313 308 360 364 512 602 512 602 535 544 784 808 839 853 978 1 199 1 255 1 880 1 880 1 950 1 950 444 431 1997 198 198 - 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 100 102 102 100 100 104 100 86 101 105 105 103 103 109 109 99 75 104 108 102 109 109 99 75 106 111 111 111 115 102 70 102 104 105 108 100 100 101 101 103 103 103 103 99 95 95 97 97 102 102 99 95 89 96 106 106 92 92 104 104 106 104 104 96 92 97 102 102 92 99 99 99 99 101 101 96 98 105 105 103 103 102 102 95 97 106 106 103 103 106 105 105 108 108 106 99 94 98 120 94 98 98 99 99 100 96 97 - 108 110 103 110 110 - Ratio Ratio of of Energy-related Energy-related CO COj2 Emissions Emissions to to Aggregate Aggregate GHG GHG Emissions Emissions Percent Index 1992 100 Country Latvia 1990 1990 New New Zealand Zealand Ireland France Norway Norway 40% 46% Australia Austria Greece Slovakia Canada Japan Japan Switzerland United United Kingdom Kingdom Germany United United States States Czech Czech Republic Republic Denmark Belgium Sweden Netherlands Netherlands Mean - 68% 68% 63% 63% 66% 66% 77% 77% 78% - 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 48% 54% 49% 49% 42% 53% 53% 65% 65% 67% 67% 68% 74% 75% 81% 77% 77% 79% 79% 80% 80% 81% 80% 78% 82% 82% 54% 67% 67% 68% 66% 66% 75% 75% 76% 76% 76% 76% 77% 77% 82% - 82% 82% 86% 86% 86% 76% 76% 88% 92% 94% 75% 89% 88% 78% 90% 83% 101% 101% 75% 75% 99 99 98 98 100 100 104 104 101 85% 79% 79% 79% 79% 83% Index 1992 100 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 79 86 95 79 86 95 107 107 100 98 100 100 100 114 114 98 101 101 108 101 101 108 110 110 99 95 97 99 99 95 97 99 94 93 97 98 94 93 97 98 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 98 99 98 97 95 99 98 95 97 104 104 103 103 100 100 101 101 - 82% 82% 94% 74% 100 100 98 98 103 103 103 103 100 98 98 96 96 94 94 102 102 101 101 100 100 100 100 100 101 100 100 95 95 99 99 102 102 97 97 99 99 98 98 100 109 109 98 98 100 96 96 98 98 99 99 113 113 93 93 101 101 97 97 - 100 100 101 101 99 99 100 100 97 97 99 99 107 107 93 93 100 100 _ 100 100 _ - -- Data Data not not available available Carbon Intensity of of Primary Primary Energy Energy Consumption Consumption Carbon Intensity Energy-related Energy-related CO COj2 Emissions Emissions Only Only MMTCE EJ Country Country Norway Norway Sweden Sweden Switzerland Switzerland France France New New Zealand Zealand Canada Canada Austria Austria Latvia Latvia Japan Japan Slovakia Slovakia Belgium Belgium United United States States United United Kingdom Kingdom Netherlands Netherlands Germany Germany Ireland Ireland Australia Australia Czech Czech Republic Republic Greece Greece Denmark Denmark Mean Mean -- Data Data not not available available 1990 1990 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 6 3 6 3 6 7 6 6 6 3 6 3 6 6 6 7 7 2 7 7 8 2 7 4 7 2 7 7 8 2 7 4 10 9 10 9 10 4 10 4 10 8 10 8 10 9 10 9 11 1 12 3 10 9 12 3 10 9 11 1 11 0 11 0 11 4 11 4 11 7 11 7 11 3 11 3 12 0 12 0 12 4 12 4 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 2 12 4 12 4 14 7 13 4 13 7 14 7 13 4 13 7 13 7 13 7 14 1 14 1 14 6 14 6 15 3 15 3 - 14 8 15 9 14 9 15 9 14 8 14 9 14 7 14 7 14 9 14 9 14 5 14 5 14 4 14 4 16 7 16 7 15 7 15 7 15 3 15 3 15 1 15 1 17 0 17 0 16 5 16 5 16 5 16 5 16 7 16 7 18 7 16 8 16 4 16 4 18 7 16 8 16 4 16 4 18 8 17 3 17 4 18 8 17 3 17 4 17 5 17 5 19 1 19 1 17 4 17 4 17 4 17 5 17 5 17 4 20 1 20 0 19 8 19 8 20 1 20 0 19 8 19 8 21 2 21 2 20 7 20 7 20 7 20 7 21 0 21 0 20 3 - 20 8 20 3 20 5 20 5 - 20 8 21 7 21 3 21 3 22 5 22 5 21 7 21 3 21 3 19 8 19 8 22 5 22 5 26 5 26 5 21 2 21 2 15 6 15 3 15 5 15 6 15 3 15 5 15 3 15 3 Index Index 1992 100 1992 100 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 98 101 101 107 98 101 101 107 108 108 102 102 104 104 107 107 114 102 114 102 98 98 99 95 98 99 95 98 100 100 94 94 95 93 93 95 93 93 94 94 97 92 97 93 99 97 92 97 93 99 99 98 99 99 100 98 99 99 99 100 96 95 94 93 95 93 95 95 94 96 105 97 99 95 96 95 97 96 99 105 96 98 94 96 98 94 94 98 98 98 95 98 98 98 95 94 99 100 99 98 100 99 98 99 100 100 97 96 95 93 93 97 96 95 93 93 96 96 96 94 95 96 96 94 95 96 96 97 96 99 96 99 97 96 96 96 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 100 99 99 97 97 99 98 98 98 98 97 97 99 - 100 100 93 93 97 97 - 100 100 103 103 98 98 98 98 105 105 97 97 96 96 124 124 100 100 96 96 99 99 98 98 of Economy Carbon Carbon Intensity Intensity of Economy Only CO Energy-related Energy-related CO22 Emissions Emissions Oniy GDP MMTCE $B MMTCBSB GDP Country Switzerland Sweden Norway France Austria Japan Denmark Germany Ireland United United Kingdom Kingdom Belgium Netherlands New New Zealand Zealand Canada United United States States Australia Australia Index Index 1992 100 1992 10c 1995 1990 1990 1995 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 06 0 07 1996 1996 0 07 0 07 1997 1997 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 06 0 08 0 07 0 07 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 09 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 08 0 10 0 10 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 09 0 12 0 12 0 18 0 16 0 17 0 18 0 21 0 21 0 18 0 22 0 245 0 26 0 26 0 05 0 05 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 14 0 13 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 19 0 19 0 19 0 19 0 19 0 20 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 17 0 22 0 22 0 22 0 225 0 227 0 221 0 221 0 24 0 23 0 25 0 25 0 12 0 13 0 13 1 1993 1994 1993 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 91 99 98 99 97 97 99 91 98 99 111 110 102 104 95 95 104 102 110 111 94 94 96 96 96 96 94 94 96 96 93 90 89 96 91 93 91 89 90 96 96 94 94 98 95 95 98 94 94 96 99 102 97 96 99 97 102 99 99 96 103 95 101 95 101 101 103 104 104 101 94 101 90 92 96 101 96 94 92 90 87 92 94 98 83 98 94 92 87 83 88 89 93 98 86 98 93 89 88 86 103 99 100 99 100 99 100 99 103 100 94 94 95 97 93 97 95 94 94 93 94 85 99 89 86 86 94 89 99 85 97 97 98 99 99 97 98 97 99 99 97 97 98 95 100 98 97 97 95 100 94 88 91 92 96 96 92 91 88 94 Czech Czech Republic Republic Greece 106 106 0 27 106 106 Latvia Slovakia Slovakia Mean 0 16 0 16 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 98 98 96 96 - - - 96 96 96 96 94 94 available not available Data not -- Data • 1990 1990 real real dollars dollars unadjusted unadjusted for for purchasing purchasing power power parity parity Notes Notes through the was only Emissions Emissions data data from from Japan Japan was only available available through the year year 1995 1995 their inventory from their and PFC HFC complete missing were counries following The The following counries were missing complete MFC RFC and SF SFg6 emission emission estimates estimates from inventory Austria Belgium Austria Belgium Czech Czech Republic Republic Denmark Denmark Ireland Ireland Latvia Latvia Monaco Monaco Slovakia Slovakia Sweden Sweden and and Switzerland Switzerland REFERENCES Data Emissions Data Emissions October 1998 31 October Change FCCC CP 1998 INF 9 Climate Change on Climate Convention on Source UN Source UN Framework Framework Convention FCCC CP 1998 INF 9 31 1998 http www unfccc de resource docs cop4 inf09 pdf http www unfccc de resource docs cop4 inf09 pdf Table Table 1 1 page page 11 11 Population Population Data Data Source Source U S U S Bureau Bureau of of the the Census Census International International Data Data Base Base Accessed Accessed 8 31 99 8 31 99 http www census gov cgi-bin ipc idbsprd Data Area Data Land Land Area World Bank World Development World Development Indicators Indicators 1998 1998 CD-ROM CD-ROM World Bank http www worldbank org data databytopic databytopic html http Avww worldbank org data databytopic databytopic html Data GDP GDP Data Source Source DOE DOE Energy Energy Information Information Agency Agency International International Energy Energy Annual Annual accessed accessed 8 31 99 8 31 99 http www eia doe gov emeu international other html Primary Primary Energy Energy Consumption Consumption Data Data Annual accessed Agency International Source Source DOE DOE Energy Energy Information Information Agency International Energy Energy Annual accessed 8 31 99 8 31 99 xis http www eia doe gov pub international iea1f tablef1 http www eia doe gov pub intemational iealf tablef1 xls CO CO22 Emissions Emissions from from Energy Energy Sector Sector Data Data 8 31 99 accessed 8 31 99 Annual accessed Agency International Information Energy DOE Source Source DOE Energy Information Agency International Energy Energy Annual http www eia doe gov emeu international carbon html