Energy and the Environment

Broken Promises: The Camisea Pipeline Project at 20 Years

Washington, D.C., November 26, 2024 - U.S. officials had an “unusual” degree of concern about the “potential ecological and social impacts” of the Camisea natural gas pipeline in Peru, according to declassified documents published today by the National Security Archive. The new Electronic Briefing Book consists of records on the initial stages of U.S. government financing for the massive and controversial international development project that first began production 20 years ago in 2004.

Investigating the Climate Impacts of Nuclear War

Washington, D.C., October 30, 2024 - A 1983 study from scientists at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Livermore Laboratory said that a full-scale nuclear war between the superpowers would “dramatically affect the atmosphere’s temperature, dynamic, precipitation, and chemistry,” reduce “the light reaching the surface in the Northern Hemisphere by 90% or more,” and could cause “a cooling of continental land areas by up to 30°C.”

Ronald Reagan: Climate Hero

Washington, D.C., August 1, 2024 – The most successful multilateral environmental treaty of all time drew Ronald Reagan’s support despite opposition from his more conservative advisers, because the costs of doing nothing—as analyzed by Reagan’s own economic team—far outweighed the costs to industry of banning the key chemical damaging the ozone layer.

The “Carbon Dioxide Problem”: Nixon’s Inner Circle Debates the Climate Crisis

Washington, D.C., April 26, 2024 - High-level officials inside the Nixon administration debated climate change and the impacts of sea-level rise, extreme temperatures, and fossil-fuel consumption as early as 1969, according to declassified documents posted today by the National Security Archive’s Climate Change Transparency Project.

50 Years of U.S. Resistance to Environmental Reparations

Washington, D.C., July 6, 2023 – As the world’s wealthiest countries continue to avoid making serious financial commitments to developing states on the front lines of the climate crisis, declassified records published today by the National Security Archive document more than 50 years of U.S. resistance to environmental compensation measures. Among the highlights is a Nixon-era intelligence report noting “increasing African militancy on development matters” and predicting that “views linking environment and development will be with us in the years to come.”

Nuclear Winter: U.S. Government Thinking During the 1980s

This posting was UPDATED on October 30, 2024. Read the updated posting

 

Washington, D.C., June 2, 2022 – The apocalyptic threats emanating from Moscow over the Ukraine war raise the terrible prospect of nuclear weapons use. The probabilities may be low, but if a major nuclear war occurred, the catastrophic impact of a so-called nuclear winter could be felt on a global scale.

Climate Change and the Military: Examining the Pentagon’s Integration of National Security Interests and Environmental Goals under Clinton

Washington, D.C., May 26, 2022 – The Pentagon’s role in U.S. environmental policy expanded during the Clinton presidency as the Pentagon became a more active player at international climate change conferences and pressed for acceptance of policies favorable to the U.S. military, according to declassified documents posted today by the nongovernmental National Security Archive.

National Security and Climate Change: 
Behind the U.S. Pursuit of Military Exemptions to the Kyoto Protocol

Washington, D.C., January 20, 2022 – Pentagon demands for military exemptions during the 1997 Kyoto climate negotiations posed a substantial challenge for the Clinton administration both internally and with American allies, according to a collection of declassified internal papers posted today by the nongovernmental National Security Archive.

The Clinton White House and Climate Change: Model for Biden?

Washington D.C., February 25, 2021 – As President Joe Biden elevates climate change to a Cabinet-level national security issue, the challenges his administration faces can be illuminated by a close look at another administration that took climate change seriously – Bill Clinton’s. Today, the National Security Archive is posting a selection of documents focusing on how the Clinton White House organized itself to build on the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and secure Senate ratification of the agreement.